an enn ©
Fe en a a Hee On nes Pe hae tome Oe
ee OS eee as Teams on ot gd lc iaees
OR RS RS NOS OF ROR OS ORs Heme
renee ae ere en
Reet este see
Len oe oe Oe eee el SEN Oe Aa) Te
At eee =e
ei aie htt ee |
PS et ne a te oan nae ee es
Reet
hae oe alee
s —s;s es
win er oes
Stats: :
Be cteteeesrerertete=
ote
Rite Cen mmc A fang
3
oteeet
ae
hot
he pray 4
ee
te
ee jes
ae he
mest
et ewe tom ee
FF) OFS PR LOSS OE NSE.
0a eee eke ema =
=— oe
Ae ee ee
ae awe ee
leh eee tenn
Soeuee =
AwE OER AVE FONT
Seer
te
awe ee
$e TR RETO eS yen eee
moses step
PG Oe Tw ee ert se see:
Beseeebeteeer ceesictesy
SSaemes own eet
Tie
253:
:
AF AS O08 nor
<s7939
FPR ES SH ERS SE PURO we PIER Ayer:
Rew 2 Om an eer eae Saas
er rer
Pee ete Tat Ti
Steers seoesee
Po S95 ATEN Peer ee:
OA OER EL LOG
Bots
surentes:
Seshecaens ese
auaese Sete te
; tater
wee olay
Perro ete rs aed
bom
=
uF
Se te hes Te Ue
rors!
canal
retry
i
. slaw
beep feb eS aes
ed ote
LAO 8 ae ee COTES me
SOF ee OO CORREO OH aceee
setec sce
ae
ot
‘samaeree ea - =
WHS 583 3455 Rs ieee ee ee iiesarer rs
22s eS Fmt ae aeenaraee
sc aeee reek eee
ee
TITS T sss
96a on ee
rT rereoe
x
tesraca.
Sesestatgisgs2e
phe
REE
rstry or
POTS TSHR oot es
AOR AES Ot He Same OT
rtd eee
tie
S85257
att
ae
ae a
a*a
often
"eens
Cee
saleases
Cer et pleted
where ed
=!
”
ne
Caen ena
.
ere
Ktee sarey
©
eas
ney:
jaar
Pes
Sapte 4°
sete vee
Pet hy
oo ee re oo
wets ieee
[Aeon >
eoeweaees
o> eee
Perera oe
a hbk a) bode ed
See am
RESO ey
ae
ia
ht we ot
SE hESP}
9o8.8s2
hen BASE Be antes eee
eet Petes
ae “
s*
iret
eons hedes es
: : <p>
Q<noete te
== one epee Dat RON em
errr ys Tre revere. nts |
? C
ete 4-b:
sae igrgseteel ses
e By ae {4 “t
amr ib Oe
fe Oe te tov vese
~~
ieee
ols ten bietieds
ree oreo re. ft
084 88 O95 AR ER ES OR OF Hm
eee gaasesey
4
yan
rT
ees
tt >
;
perered
ae
+.
or
4
333
spk ee
bag pey ed ts
Sel 4gh
33525)
rs
oe
oe err t:
. SeSaseee
piiacisetiit
Hy
Het
mane
é. bal -
ERO: — Leas
Sopene-tece 22}:
—
Le
22%
Sa awes sierre.
O85 O88 Te eed Ob
~-
Gee we eee er eee
ees
ere oe
ee ee ee
eh oes
_
Ans take
wt yt
Lam ares ese a8 eee
Ss
i
4
oTos >:
7
ca ra
t
Spite stars
{
‘"¢
—
2 ery er
aro r eae ss
.
tos.
< ot me e4>
araetaleietel
baad
+P
hy
toy rh tyes
arabe bs
4)
eee!
wn
ened
Pres
jo pettess
[see eneasas
bs See awe See
Sete
FR bee.
PR dima
tees
oye ptaeneeemeton anes
PI O8 BAM 5 ROR @: :
ane t i.
wn Sees
wiertetaeeekne
iF
Medan ae
boa Fave
) 3ONG
. :
Ae
-
‘ f
M ot
fe ee.
Soave
-
Me a
Hokey!
eae 4
bel
So ae
bed
—
eens
\ A
oS Pek
toe
4
Otarost
ORO ey Oy
AD 1 Fen CODE
¢ ry er8
et bebe gd
baer
>
+a We
bdo
M Soaee was
6) Sedan 50%
eahen
pees
Sas
New ence eh main
me
pee en SO sai eaten
.
te
oe aire:
Saas
eect ee
Dy tee
THE
WILTSHIRE
Archeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE,
Published under the Direction of the #ociety
FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853.
EpiteD By Rev. EK. H. Gopparp, Cryrre VicaRAGE, SWINDON.
VOL XLII,
Nos. 137—141. Dec. 1922—Dec., 1924.
DEVIZES:
C. H. Woopwarp, Excuancr Burtprnes, Station Roap
DECEMBER, 1924.
CONTENTS OF VOL. XLII.
No. CXXXVII. DECEMBER, 1922.
East Wiltshire Lichens: By Cecil P. HURST ..................scccseees 1— 10
Widhill Chapel and Manor: by John Sadler ...................0000088 LI— 17
King’s Bowood Park [No. III.]: By THe Eart or Kerry ea, 18— 38
The Sixty-Ninth General Meeting of the Wiltshire Archeological
and Natural History Society, held at Swindon, July 3lst,
August Ist and 2nd, 1922........ esos tec ete e ems Tocineas «ates se Sete 39— 48
Notes on Field-Work oN Wilts, 1921-1922 : By A.D. PassmMorE 49— 51
Notes on Field-Work round Avebury, December, 1921: By O. G.
S. CRAWFORD, F.S.A. .......... .. 52— 53
The Destruction of the Ancient Sono ea ‘IBlelllestinetea Bp
@ANONT He ER OMANLEY s2.tc.cc..2iesecdeesshecconesivedsestescescessecess G4——°66
ENGL COMMER oo cn sos sca scs SecigeaeSocse ph NoadoaptineSdcsSe sesloadenVescecere GS Thy
Natural History N otes SOSH GE DOO BON DOA ES Hebe iouide BO Rt SRE ly SerGe ta ar mira emra ealeeras 77— 81
Wilts Obituary .. Pee asha tue nice aule Oeeee ss: SOTO
Wiltshire Books, Parpiiets afl ince Lae ane gav ec caeseeses SO 1380
Additions to Museum and Library ...............0s.00- Mierke acer 1338—135
Accounts of the Society for the Year 1921 .............sscscscesesceeees 136—139
List of Officers and Members of the Society ................esceeee0025 140—149
No. CXXXVIII. Jung, 1923.
Great Bedwyn Flowering Plants and Ferns: By Crcrn P. Hurst 151—166
Notes on Wiltshire Churches: By Sir STEPHEN GLYNNE......... 167—214
Report on Diggings in Silbury Hill, August, 1922: By Pror W.
M. FLINDERS PerriE, F.R.S....... 5 weseeeee 2QI5E—2218
Some Notes on Trowbridge Parish Ractaignas he iter) Rev. A.
W. Srotz, M.A., Camb., F.S.G., Lond, sometime Vicar of
Holy Trinity, Drom bride! Aes eee Sons . 219—226
Romano-British Villages on Upavon syne Rasrel Downe! Jaa
vated by Lt.-Col. Hawley, F S.A. 227—230
Wiltshire Newspapers— Past and Preeraath ( Gontinied i pat Iv.
Newspapers of North Wilts. “The Wiltshire Independent ” :
PNMUPIPE SWAIN, cteehas cgace secietentaace seseescss sesinesss vresscseetoarenieas 2Ol——O41
NVAIGSEODIGUATY c.-csccc.crsece soe 4 do Focio sna nen OTE nen G Cone ROA Ean Ete re naree 249 —245
INOGES owe. es Bee a Se etets Bke aatartanea chu atihicdadisademashe seaiden 240253
Natural Eaton, Notes Bees MIE ee AC cols etl Gee okiuGaraouesiesdertee Se SOO a0
Bird Notes .. ....... Prete Se biasiss cicinn divest Save 256
Wiltshire Books, Eamphileta auadl Articles ” Poeun bene diasocasa seece thine 257—271
Eve oations to Miseum: and Iibrary.......<.<--.0..1.cecsencesseccecseseceses 272—273
Accounts of the Society for the Year 1922 ...........00. sesseesse eeu ees 274—276
iv. CONTENTS OF VOL. XLII.
No. CXXXIX. DkEcEmBER, 1923.
Notes on Wiltshire Churches: By Sir STEPHEN GLYNNE
(CONE UED) ode So Soe oRCU Oe RR Reet Fosse he bone sa cnwe Saeko cvedee eee
The Society's MSS. Inventory of the Goods of Sir Charles
Raleieh, of Dowmbona 16982 iocces a0 coco opacsseeesccaet asec eee
Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present (Continued) Part V.
Newspapers of North Wilts. ‘The North Wilts Herald” :
By JD pS DAW Bell ol racie esac seaes foe e na cee boc cueeneeeee eee nae
The Source of the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge: By HERBERT
He SPH OMAG MGA SCID ise. be cnc dee codes he. se vaan dees on Soak cee eeReee
The Seventieth General Meeting of the Wiltshire Archeological
and Natural History Society, held at Marlborough, July
30th and 31st, and August Ist, 1923
List of Subscriptions received in answer to the Appeal by the
Hon. Curator for £100 for New Cases for the Museum, 1923
Notes... Pe aga lets clante eat gan Ue rah eae ney c ah MAR Ve aics plein Ree ree en
Wilts poi Fs iGbisancle ilove cat ee EE
Wiltshire Books, Eales andl Bes, RTE ME A ei
Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, by Wiltshire Authors
Wiltshire Illustrations
Wiltshire Portraits ..
Additions to Museum ane Libary
eoceorcecnee-+- Se eeeeeerscsecaeteonee
ees eer eece ree ovsareaeeerteFoeeeer DOF FOFeooteoeeeneeeeenes
No. CXL. Jung, 1924.
The Wiltshire Lichens in the Department of Botany at the British
Museum : By, Cecil P. HURSi yt iesoaec sacsttpasecnses 0 co chenrere
“Blue Stone” from Boles Barrow:
GUNNINGTON, F.S)As Scotuccciccotsecisseieeo et ettsc to wear eeee
The
Notes on a Palimpsest Brass from Steeple Ashton Church: By
Canon E. P. KNUBLEY
Notes on Wiltshire Churches :
(Concluded)
The Method of Erecting the Stones of Stonehenge:
HERBERT STONE, F.S.A .. May
An Early Iron Age Site on Fyfield Bene (oh:
Cray, MERnC SS. 1 RaC ne... rere
Wansdyke. Report of Pacncahons on “ia Liss be Ne ew , Bue
ings, near Marlborough: By ALBany F. Magor, O.B.E.,
Wilts ODIGUWAy sedis cuss ecco caleeaen man vepcoecemenee Ue dine tinned ssi oe
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles...
Additions to Museum and Library ..
Accounts of the Society for the year 1993 ..
By Sir STEPHEN GLYNNE, Bart.
COS cee Fe eas Fee reco eeeOFT HEL HTH ESF COTFESOOZ LEE EOH FES Eee Den oos BOD
: By R C.6.
Pee eos Des eee Devoe aoe
277—306
307—312
313—324
325—344
345—354
355
356—373
374—379
379—406
407—411
411—419
419—424
424— 426
427—430
431—437
438—441
442—445
446—456
457— 496
497 —500
501—511
511—525
526—527
528—530
CONTENTS OF VOL. XLII. Vv.
No. CXLI. DEcEMBER, 1924.
The West of England Cloth Industry: A Seventeenth Century
Experiment in State Control: By Karr KE. Barrorp, M.A. 5381—542
Savernake Forest Fungi: By Cucit P. HURST ...........-sseeeeeee + 543—555
A Lost Fragment of Hullavington Register Restored: By the
UE VAG CHODD AR DO occlu ccaSeevesnresecddssbeseecesstevcerccueese ines 556—559
The Churches of Aldbourne, Baydon, Collingbourne Ducis, and
Collingbourne Kingston: By C. E. Pontine, F.S8.A. ......... 561—575
Aldbourne Manor, Chase, and Warren: By JOHN SADLER......... 576—587
The Village Feast or Revel: By Mrs. Story MASKELYNE......... 588 —591
Mie SMe Sc Rate sone coarse esas eines sine veslens cna sisciveee'telacivs nea 591—605
SV iliGan O)oituentya tee seca eee acisteicscnesssedacescontscocesseeesecsseoceassssn. 605 — 608
NvlishirerBooks, Pamphlets, (6) 77..22.22..4.-..cose--osseasesesersseee-, OO8—624
Additions to Museum and Library .............ccccccecseeseccescvessaces 625 —626
hice OMVO MOINES. rt scce success cecebccavesesechecscthvecnsvestesesonesas 627—705
Lllustrations.
Plan of the Pennings Circle, Avebury, 1922, 55. Two Views (from the
west and from the east) of Screen in Hullavington Church, 64. Brooches
from Cold Kitchen Hill, 67. Late Bronze Age Bracelet of twisted gold
wire from Clench Common, 70. Plan of Silbury Hill to show Relation
of Trenches [cut Aug., 1922] to Fence Levels of Surface Contours— Levels
of Undisturbed Chalk, 215. Section of Silbury Hili to show Relation of
Down, Turf Band, Chalk Levels, 216. Bronze Age Cinerary Urn found
at Knowle, Little Bedwyn, 246. Cabalistic symbols inscribed on Spindle
Whorl found in Bishops Cannings Churchyard, 247. Plan of Earthwork
on Sugar Hill, Wanborough, 249. Plan of Stonehenge showing the
“Foreign Stones” or “ Blue Stones” black or shaded, 326. Plates
I.—IV., showing Microscopic and other Sections of the Blue Stones from
Stonehenge and others from Pembrokeshire, 341—4. Bronze object from
site of Roman Dwelling, Avebury Truslowe, 360. Tessellated Pave-
ment from Roman House near Avebury Truslowe, 1923; 360. Latten
Pyx from Codford St. Peter, with inscription on the same enlarged, 3638.
Masons’ Marks on the Barton Barn at Bradford-on-Avon, 864. Langdeane
Circle, E. Kennett, 365. Plan of Langdeane Circle, E. Kennett, 365.
Plan and section of double pit in Battlesbury Camp, 1922, 368. Vessel
from Pit in Battlesbury Camp, 1922, 371. Objects of Iron and Bone
from Pits in Battlesbury Camp, 1922, 8372. House at Heytesbury, Wilts,
where W. Cunnington, F.S.A., lived from 1775 to 1810, 431. The Blue
Stone in Heytesbury House Garden—West and East sides, 434, Sketch
of the Blue Stone in Heytesbury House Garden, 434. A Palimpsest
Brass from Steeple Ashton Church, 438. Eight Illustrations of the
Method of Erecting the Stones of Stonehenge, 453—-456. Plans of two
groups of Pits on Fifield Bavant Down, 457. Plates I.—XVIII., Sections
of Pits and illustrations of Objects found at the Early Iron Age Site on
Fifield Bavant Down, 494. Plates XXIV. and XXV., Skull from Fifield
Bavant Pits, 494. Plan and Sections of Excavations on Wansdyke, 497.
Collingbourne Ducis Church Tower, 571. Objects collected by Mr.
Richard Coward, of Roundway, now in Devizes Museum, 600. Bronze
implements hitherto unrecorded, in the Blackmore Museum, Salisbury,
6038,
SR RAS ER B'S ACH =
OA Grants Fy;
: Paging
‘i gaad tans Oe eas
No. CXXXVITI. DECEMBER, 1922. Vor. Xtle
THE
WILTSHIRE
Archeological & Natural History
“MAGAZINE,
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY,
FALL 1 815 Bi:
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this “* Magazine” are alone responsible for all
statements made therein. |
DEVIZES :
PRINTED AND SOLD FOR THE Society By C. H. Woopwarp,
EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, STATION Roan.
Price ds. 6d. Members, Gratis.
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols.
Villl., XVL, xxiv., and xxxil. The subsequent Volumes are
each indexed separately.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. Davip OWEN, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.
The Annual Subscription to the Society is 10/6, with an entrance
fee of 10/6. The Composition for Life Membership is £10 10s.
The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “ The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear and the
Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
tary: the Rev. E. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon,
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS.
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas
Ato, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s,
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo.
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. * Price to the
Public, 16s.; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price,
CATALOGUE oF tux STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES
IN THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE oF ANTIQUITIES 1n toe SOCIETY’S MUSEUM,
Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price Qs,
CATALOGUE or tHe SOCIETY’S LIBRARY at tHe MUSEUM.
Price 1s. APPENDIX No.1, II., and III., 3d. each.
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, In THE SOCIETY’S
LIBRARY at tHe MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS 1 tHe SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tut MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 5s. 6d. and
8y. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised).
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices.
WILTSHIRE
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE,
No. CXXXVII. DECEMBER, 1922. Vout. XLIT.
Contents. eee
East Wiitsutre Licaens: By Cecil P. Hurst.............0,000.s0008 1— 10
WrpHitt CHAPEL AND Manor: By John Sadler ............-..00 ll— 17
Kine’s Bowoop Park [No. III]: By the Earl of Kerry......... 18— 38
Toe Srxry-NintH GENERAL MEETING OF THE WILTSHIRE
ARCHMHOLOGICAL AND NaturaL HIstoRY SocieTY, HELD
AT SWINDON, JULY 3lst, AUGUST IST AND 2ND, 1922...... 39— 48
Nores oN Fietp WorK IN N. WittTs, 1921—1922: By A. D.
JE.AGSIMIOIRID achdeo cop SROGEEGOBU ANCHE Ce CORLIC natn Taree a eileatin Qlatinen SUR 49— 51
Notes on FIELD- Worn ROUND AVEBURY, DECEMBER, 1921:
Bye OmGrns sCrawhord, HSA w ook shecs es leds se ccos eno Nsecessesseeces 52— 63
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ANCIENT SCREEN AT HULLAVINGTON :
ya @amonwlis FROME MICY coc cc..ccsecesecesucsssoesesencosvasonceecdes ses 64— 66
PRU HIE SMMC ee onc aueciccccie res ec eccesccecccccsbewslccescscsssesswcedeslees 67— 77
VACUA EDISTORY NOTES. Jccccvcccloceoccossccccceccscsscccdcssenclevcees 77— 8l
RIGA OVVISMWVAGEG Ys Ul eceisesccccecccccscccsescds ccoiecseccccccecsosdeucseevcaenees 82— 88
WILTSHIRE Books, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES ........ce0cee0 soeee 88—133
ADDITIONS To MUSEUM AND LIBRARY ......... Pee nnteeecat too OO
ACCOUNTS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1921 Salivenane Ne mttinottte 1386—139
List OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY ....cccescccees 140—149
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Plan of the Pennings Circle, Avebury, 1922 ..........sscecsc0ses 55
Two Views (from the west and from the east) of Screen in
Hullavington Church.. Mier etoeasascslysbecwsecseases. -O4
Brooches from Cold Kitchen Hill. ies SNe ee ak OW
Late Bronze Age Bracelet of ficial Bold wire efron Cana
(CMWTROD, _o54d08 DoSSBS SSO OEABCO OS HOPED SEC Ete ann en en ea 70
Devizes :—C. H. Woopwarp, ExcHaNGE BUILDINGS, STATION Roap.
my j
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
‘““MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS. —Ovid.
NovOXXXVIT. DECEMBER, 1922. Vor, Shik
EAST WILTSHIRE LICHENS.
By CreciL P. Hurst.
There are nine lichens from Savernake Forest and the vicinity of
Marlborough in the Department of Botany at the British Museum and
eight of these are in Edward Forster’s Herbarium in that department ; of
these latter, three (Placynthium nigrum, Collema furvum, and Leptogium
plocatile) were collected at Manton, near Marlborough, in 1809 and the
remaining five (Parmelia saxatilis form furfuracea, Rinodina roboris,
Lecanora pallida, L. parella var. Turneri and Arthopyrenia fallax) were
found in Savernake Forest in the same year, while the ninth plant, Parmelia
prolixa sub-species Delisex var. iszdiascens, a rare form, was discovered
growing on sarsen stones near Fyfield by Dr. H. F. Parsons in 1908 and
sent to the Lichen Exchange Club, whence it found its way to the British
Museum. It is interesting to note that Parmelia saxatilis form furfuracea
is still common in the Forest and that Lecanora pallida, Rinodina roboris,
and Arthopyrenia fallax are also found there. Edward Forster, who is
~ mentioned above, was born at Walthamstow, in 1765, and died at Woodford,
in Essex, in 1849; he was a Fellow of the Royal Society and his Herbarium
was purchased by Robert Brown and presented by him to the British
Museum in 1849,
The following eighty-one lichens were observed in 1920, 192], and
the first quarter of 1922 in Savernake Forest and near the adjoining
village of Great Bedwyn. Bilimbia Naegelii, from its great rarity generally
and its local abundance in the south-east of the Forest is, perhaps, our
most important lichen; its headquarters are the copse through which
Rhododendron Drive runs, and here it is abundant in several places, covering
the tree-trunks. Elsewhere in the Forest it seems confined to scattered
trees, but it is widely distributed and occurs from Braydon Oak on the
north, to Stokke Common on the south, and from Langfield Copse on the
extreme south-west to Birch Copse on the east, and I have traced it south
of the Kennet and Avon Canal into Bedwyn Brails Wood. When this
lichen occurs on a tree, it is generally present in some quantity ; the thallus
is of a very pale lilac shade, and the apothecia are almost always deep
purplish-black, lead-coloured or flesh-coloured examples being uncommon, I
first recorded it in the Marlborough College Nat. Hist. Soc. Report for 1919,
VOL, XLIIT.—NO. CXXXVII. B
9 : Kast Wiltshire Lichens,
and when I sent specimens to the British Museum from Savernake Forest in
1920 Miss A. L. Smith informed me that a week previously plants had been
received from Herefordshire, but before that the British'Museum possessed
no specimens from Great Britain, although they had examples from Ireland
(Erriff, Connemara). The only English locality given infthe third edition
of Leighton’s “ Lichen-Plora of Great britain, Ireland, and the Channel
Tslands” (1879) is Shere, in Surrey, where it was found Dr. Capron. It
is a noteworthy addition to the Wiltshire list. Interestingjlichens also
recorded below are Sphinctrina turbinata growing on the thallus of |
Pertusaria pertusa upon a beech near Khododendron Drive, an instance of
lichen parasitism; the four rare aquatic Verrucariae (Verrucaria aquatilis,
V. laevata, V. aethiobola var. acrotella and V. submersa) occurringgon flints |
in the bed of a rivulet in Gully Copse, near Stype (the last-named, V.
submersa, is by nO means uncommon on stones in this situation), and the
curious V. rupestris on walls in Great Bedwyn village and at St. Katharine’s, |
Savernake, the perithecia of which are deeply submerged in little pits which
their acid secretion has excavated in the stone. Other noticeable plants —
are the new orange variety jlavo-citrena of Chaenotheca melanophaea,
described only in 1917 and known from few localities, growing on a conifer |
at Bloxham Copse, the rare Placodium phloginum on a beech near Eight
Walks, the scarce form, melanosticta of Physcia ciliaris on brickwork at _
Wilton, the rare form carnea of Pertusarza Wulfenii on a tree in the
Forest, the curious very rarely fruiting var. ostreata of Cladonia macilenta, |
which is sparingly distributed through England, seen upon a birch on the |
fringe of the Forest near Marlborough, and the rare yellow var. flavens of |
Lecidea parasema occurring on ash trees to the east of Savernake Lodge.
The frequency of the rather rare Lecanactis absetena on trees in the middle |
of Savernake Forest is noteworthy. Parmelia physodes and Physcia
caesia produced their rare apothecia in Foxbury Wood and near Great
Bedwyn, and the rather rare fruits of Buellia canescens were noticed on
the churchyard wall of the same village. In drawing up the list below I
have followed the names and order of Miss A. L. Smith’s “‘ Monograph of |
British Lichens” (Part I., published in 1918 and Part II. in 1911), and |
Mr. R. Paulson, F.L.S., has very kindly named the plants. 7=North
Wiltshire, and 8= South Wiltshire, the two vice-counties being separated
by the Kennet and Avon Canal. |
Sphinctrina turbinata (Fr.). 7. A lichen with bee top-shaped
apothecia and no thallus growing upon the thallus of Pertusaria pertusa
on a beech near Rhododendron Drive, Savernake Forest, it was in excellent |
condition ; an interesting example of one lichen growing parasitically upon
another lichen. I have noticed it in other places in Savernake Forest.
Chaenotheca melanophaea (Zwackh). 7,8. On oak near Thornhill Pond,
Eight Walks, with Belombia Naegeliz. Mr. Paulson wrote :—‘‘The |
Chaenotheca melanophaea comes very near the new var. flavo-citrina; if
you can find any with a bright orange thallus, you will have the var. It
_ is known in a few localities only.” About specimens that occurred on Pinas
sylvestris in Bedwyn Brails Wood in August, Mr. Paulson wrote :—“ Yes, §
the lichen is Chaenotheca melanophaea, but it has been so completely dried
by the hot summer (1921) that it does not look altogether normal. There |
By Cecil P. Hurst. 3
is so much yellow in the thallus that, if the weather were normal, I should
be inclined to think it is the var. flavo-cetrena. Keep a look-out on the
thallus after a period of rain.” I also found this species (the type) on
Pinus sylvestris in Foxbury Wood, and noticed it on Abves excelsa (here
again with some orange in the thallus) near London Ride. Afterwards
plants I found on a conifer at Bloxham Copse, Savernake Forest, in March,
1922, were definitely referred to var. flavo-cotruna (Paulson) by Mr. Paulson ;
this var. was first found by Mr. Paulson in Bricket Wood, near St. Alban’s,
and described by him in the Journal of Botany for 1917. It is included
in the appendix to Part I. of Miss Smith’s “ Monograph of British Lichens.”
Calictum hyperellum (Ach.). 7. Not uncommon on rough-barked trees
throughout the Forest; the bright yellow thallus of this plant makes it
conspicuous; the fruit, consisting of a black capitulum or head at the end
of an elongated stalk, is not often produced, but I have found it in various
localities in the Forest. This species was called Leprarza flava by the old
lichenologists. C. sphaerocephalum (Wahlenb.). 7. Ona tree near Kight
Walks.
Cyphelium inquinans (Trev.). 8. On an old gate near Ram Alley,
Burbage; the spores, which lie loosely in the apothecia, stain the fingers
blackish when touched. It is a common English lichen, but has not
been found in Scotland.
Placynthium mgrum (S. F. Gray). 7,8. Very common near Great Bedwyn,
forming black stains on the walls and on the coping stones of the lock-
pounds of the canal near Great Bedwyn, the fruit is also quite common ;
plants were collected at Manton, near Marlborough, by Edward Forster in
1809, and are now in the British Museum. It is general throughout the
British Isles. |
Collema glaucescens (Hoffm.) 7. On damp clay near Almshouse Copse,
Froxfield, in some quantity ; Mr. Paulson tells me my specimens are not so
glaucescent as some he has seen on the chalk. The Almshouse Copse plants
produced apothecia copiously. C.pulposum (Ach.). 8. A large plant of
jelly-like consistency growing on wet London Clay near Merle Down
Brickworks, Great Bedwyn, and fruiting freely ; a gelatinous lichen com-
mon throughout the British Isles. C. multefidum (Schaer.) 7. Growing
with Collema glaucescens at Almshouse Copse, near Froxfield, and so named
provisionally by Mr. Paulson in the absence of spores.
Leptogium turgidum (Cromb.). 8. On the coping of the lock-pound of
Burnt Mill Lock on the Kennet and Avon Canal near Great Bedwyn,
without fruit. JZ. subtele (Nyl.). 8. A gelatinous species occurring on
London Clay at Merle Down Brickworks and bearing minute apothecia ;
general though not very common throughout the British Islands but
frequently overlooked. :
Peltigera rufescens var. praetextata (Nyl.). 7. Upon Stokke Common,
on an old elder several feet from the ground, with apothecia ; the edges of
the thalline lobes were minutely squamulose; a var. which grows among
mosses, on shady rocks, etc, generally in moist places, throughout the
British Isles.
Parmelia physodes (Ach.). 7, 8. Mr. A. G. Lowndes, of Marlborough
College, found fine fruiting specimens of this abundant lichen in Foxbury
B 2
4 East Wiltshire Lichens.
Wood, where I had also previously noticed fertile plants; the apothecia of
this species are rare and are generally produced in mountainous districts.
P. laevigata (Ach.). 8 Ona tree in Wilton Brails and one or two other
localities ; a common lichen on the trunks of old trees and on rocks in
maritime and inland tracts throughout the Kingdom. PP. sawxatilis form
furfuracea (Schaer.). 7 Common in the Forest; a form densely covered
with greyish-brown isidia, which in 1809 was gathered by Edward Forster
in the Forest. P. sulcata(Tayl.). 7,8. Very common on trees throughout
this district, also occurring on old walls. |
Cetrarta glauca (Ach.). 7, 8. Not uncommon on trees, especially
plentiful in Almshouse Copse, Froxfield.
Ramalina calicaris (Fr.). 8. Fruiting freely on a tree at Dod’s Down.
Rh. fraxinea (Ach.). 7. On an oak in the extreme south-west part of
Savernake Forest, nearKing Henry VIII.’s Summer House. A&. fastigiata
(Ach.). 7,8. On trees, generally fruiting, not verycommon. A. pollinaria
(Ach.). On an exposed brick wall at Parley Bottom, near Foxbury Wood ;
Mr. Paulson wrote :—“ The Ramalina is R. pollinaria. As it grew on an
exposed brick wall, it is scarcely normal; there are minute soredia and the
apothecia are distinctly concave, not convex as in R. fastigiata.”
Usnea florida var. hirta. (Ach). 7,8. Fairly common on tree trunks ;
in my paper, ‘‘ East Wiltshire Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens,” (Walts Arch.
- Mag. vol. xli., p. 40), I placed this plant under the aggregate Usnea barbata ;
the above is a more precise record, it is the common form in the lowlands.
Aanthoria polycarpa (Oliv.). 7, 8. On palings near Chisbury Camp
and near Bloxham Copse, also on a tree at Dod’s Down, with copious fruits ;
an uncommon lichen which occurs here and there throughout England and
Scotland but is not recorded for Ireland. It looks likea very attenuated
edition of the abundant orange X. parietina. X. lychnea (Th. Fr.) 7.
On palings near Bloxham Copse; a rather rare species in which the margin
of the thallus is turned up like a frill.
Placodium murorum (D.C.). 7,8. Walls in Great Bedwyn village ;
an orange lichen with an orbicular stellate-radiate thallus which is very
common on brickwork in this district. P. citranum (Hepp.). 7,8. On
the stone coping of the lock-pound near the Lock House on the Kennet and
Avon Canal between Great Bedwyn and Crofton, and elsewhere ; a common
_ gpecies with citrine-or greenish-yellow thallus and _ orange-yellow
apothecia. P. phlogenum (A. L. Sm.). 7. Ona beech near Eight Walks;
this lichen has orange apothecia and is arare species. P. ceranwm (Hepp,).
8. On twigs and branches in a hedge in Brook Street, Great Bedwyn,
also in a hedge near Dod’s Down; fairly common throughout the British
Isles ; the yellow apothecia contrast effectively with the pale-grey thallus.
P. variabile (Nyl.). 7. Growing with P. citrinum near the Canal Lock
House in the above locality ; a rather rare lichen of western and central ©
England, with dark thallus and apothecia with brown or blackish discs
covered with bluish-grey bloom.
Candelariella vitellina (Miill.-Arg.). 7. Occurring with apothecia on a
milestone near Bedwyn Common ; probably common in the district ; forming
a granular orange crust bearing the tawny-or dull-yellow fruits.
Physcia ciliaris (D.C.). 7. On trees near Cadley and Langfield Copse ;
By Cecil P. Hurst. is)
in the latter locality the plants were in fruit. Form. melanosticta (Oliv.).
8. On brickwork at Wilton; local and scarce throughout the British Isles.
Ph. fusca (A. L. Sm.). 7. Mr. J. A. Wheldon tells me the locality for this
lichen on the sarsen stones in the “ Valley of Rocks,” near Marlborough, is
the most inland station with which he is acquainted; it was found on
Stonehenge by Edward Forster many years ago and Stonehenge specimens
collected by him are in the British Museum. It may. still occur there.
Physcia fusca is a lichen which generally grows near the sea. Ph. pulver-
ulenta (Nyl.). 7, 8. Onan oak at Dod’s Down and on trees in Savernake
Park ; general and usually common throughout the British Isles; the
thallus is more or less covered with a whitish bloom or pruina, but is
dull green when moist, the apothecia are also often pruinose Ph. hispida
(Tuckerm.). 7, 8. On the stone of a culvert at Froxfield, also on the
churchyard wall at Great Bedwyn, fairly plentiful in hedges, and fruiting
on palings at Oakhill, Froxfield ; a common lichen with copious marginal
hairs or ciliae which give it a very hispid appearance. Ph. caesiua (Nyl.).:
8. On the stone of a culvert near Froxfield ; on a slate roof at Newtown,
Shalbourne ; also on stone by the canal at Great Bedwyn; a pretty lichen
with pale grey star-like thallus, uncommon but generally distributed
through the British Isles ; the apothecia, which are rare, occurred at the
Froxfield and Great Bedwyn localities and seem not uncommon in the
district. This plant is generally sprinkled with round whitish-grey soralia.
Rinodina roboris (Arn.). 7, On anoak near the King’s Oak, Savernake
Forest, and near Braydon Oak ; it was also found in Savernake Forest in
1809 by Edward Forster and specimens collected by him in the Forest are
in his Herbarium at the Natural History Museum, South Kensington. It
is a rather common English lichen but has not been reported from Scotland.
Lecanora muralis (Scher.). 7,8. On a stone culvert near Froxfield,
on sarsen stones in Tottenham Park, and in one or two other localities ;
the brown apothecia contrast rather prettily with the greenish straw-
coloured thallus in this plant which is uncommon though generally dis-
tributed in Britain. L. subfusca var. chlarona (Ach.). 7. In Almshouse
Copse, Froxfield; not uncommon in this district ; it grows on the smooth
bark of trees and differs from the species in the planer lighter-coloured
disc and more prominent margin. JL. rugosa (Nyl.). 8. On an oak
in Bedwyn Brails; Mr. Paulson wrote :—‘I am inclined to call your plant
L. rugosa ; the apothecia have a very thick rugose margin ; spores are not
present ; the hymenium remains bluish with potassic iodide.” JZ. campestris
(Bb. de Lesd.). 7,8. Very common on walls near Great Bedwyn ; a common
plant with white or greyish thallus and brown apothecia. JZ. atra (Ach.).
7,8. Very common on houses, walls, and bridges ; a frequent species with
grey warty or granular thallus and large apothecia with deep black discs.
LI. pallida (Schaer). 7,8. Palings near Bloxham Copse; also on a tree
in Burridge Heath Plantation; abundant on a hawthorn hedge by the
canal near Great Bedwyn. The apothecia are clouded over with a palish
bloom, the species is rather rare throughout the British Isles Savernake
Forest specimens collected by Edward Forster in 1809 are in the British
Museum. JZ. carpinea(Wain.). 7. Old palings near Bloxham Copse;
a not uncommon plant, closely allied to the preceding species, but differing,
6 East Wiltshire Lichens.
however, decisively in the yellow reaction of the apothecial] disc with chloride
of lime. JZ. galactina (Ach.). 7,8. Common in and near Great Bedwyn
on houses, calcareous walls, and mortar, etc., and very variable; it has a
whitish or straw-coloured thallus and very pale yellowish-green apothecia ;
it is plentiful in most parts of the British Isles, and is one of the few lichens
that persistinthe immediate neighbourhood of large towns. Z. varia (Ach.).
7. Very common on palings near Great Bedwyn; abundant in the south of
England generally, a lichen with pale yellowish granular thallus and widish
greyish-green apothecia with irregular margins. J. polytropa (Schaef.).
7, 8. The pale greenish thallus of this species is rather common on the
brick bridges over the Kennet and Avon Canal between Little Bedwyn and
Froxfield and the apothecia are freely produced; it is more or less general
on siliceous rocks, boulders, and walls throughout Britain. JZ. parella
(Ach). 7, 8. Brickwork of the Somerset Hospital at Froxfield ;
also on a bridge over the canal near Great Bedwyn and on a wall at.
Shalbourne ; an easily recognizable common species with a thick prominent.
margin to the apothecia, which have pale flesh-red or whitish discs generally
covered with a white pruina; one of the dye-lichens known in early
days as the Pérelle or Orsewdle d@ Auvergne. For dyeing purposes it was
said to be far superior to Z. tartarea and even equal to Orchil or Litmus,
Roccella tinctoria. The colour furnished by it has rather more of a violet.
hue than that of L. tartarea, and is prepared by similar processes ; both
are capable of being so modified as to produce any tinge of purple or
crimson. J. calcarea (Sommerf,). 7. On the churchyard wall at Great
Bedwyn, with apothecia ; a plant with a chalky-or greyish-white thallus
and small generally crowded immersed apothecia with black discs; general
and common in limestone districts.
Pertusaria lecoplaca (Schoer). 7, 8. Common on smooth-barked trees
in the Forest and around Great Bedwyn and often growing with Lecanora.
subfusca (agg.) and Lecidea parasema, P. Wulfenii (D.C.). 7. Rather
common on beeches in Savernake Forest, also occurring on other trees ; a
rugged dark-greyish lichen, with numerous verrucae or warts of irregular
form, the ostioles or pores enlarge to a dark-coloured (more rarely flesh-
coloured) disc with an irregular tumid crenate margin; it is general and
fairly common in the wooded districts of the British Isles. Form carnea.
(Fr.). 7. On a tree in Savernake Forest; the apothecial disc protrudes
and is tumid and flesh-coloured, the plant is only found in southern
England, where it is local and rare.
Diploschistes scruposus (Norm.). 7. On the brickwork of the Somerset
Hospital at Froxfield ; a lichen with a thick greyish thallus and crater-
like apothecia, the disc blackish ; general and common in Britain.
Cladonia furcata (Ach.). 7, 8. Near Folly Farm, Great Bedwyn. C.
digitata (Hoffm.). 7. At the base of a tree near Rhododendron Drive.
Mr. Paulson writes :—‘‘ Yes, certainly C’. digatata and in excellent condi-
tion. Its squamules are large and there are a few quite digitate podetia.
I find a smaller more delicate form in Essex and Middlesex ; it is quite a
good find for your district.” I have also seen this plant in Savernake
Forest on a stump not far from Savernake Lodge. It is local and rather
scarce in the more billy regions of Britain ; the apothecia are red and the
By Cecil P. Hurst. Ul
cups or scyphi are branched in a digitate manner. C’. flabelliformis
(Wain.). 8. On thatch at Merle Down Brickworks ; a plant that occurs
chiefly in the more hilly districts of Britain. C'. macilenta var. ostreata
(Nyl.). 7. Growing plentifully upon a birch trunk on the outskirts of
Savernake Forest close to Marlborough; apothecia were absent and are
very rare on this plant, which is found sparingly here and there throughout
England on old mossy trunks of trees.
Lecidea parasema (Ach.). 7,8. Very common on trees and hedges in |
this district, a lichen occurring plentifully throughout the British Isles ;
the whitish or grey coloured thallus bears black apothecia which are at
first plane and thinly margined, and then somewhat convex and immarg-
inate. Var flavens(Nyl.). 7. This variety, which has a yellow thallus
and the apothecia whitish within, occurred on ash trees in Savernake Forest,
between Crabtree Cottages and the London and Bath Road ; it is rare in
the southern counties of England and in east and north Scotland; Mr.
Paulson wrote :—“ Yes, I decide on Z. parasema var. flavens owing to the
absence of colour within the apothecia.” Var. elaeochroma (Ach.).
8. Ona tree in Foxbury Wood, probably common, as it is throughout
the British Isles ; distinguished from the type by the yellowish or olivaceous
thallus and the apothecia greyish-white within.
Biatorella moriformis (Th. Fr.). 7. On palings near Bloxham Copse ;
somewhat plentiful throughout England but not recorded for Scotland or
Ireland ; the thallus turns greyish-green when moistened.
Biatorina Lightfoot (Mudd). 7. Larches near Rhododendron
Drive; Mr. Paulson wrote :—‘ I believe your specimen on the bark of ‘ fir’
to be Biatorina Lightfootis ; it is not quite the normal, but the modified
form that occurs on firs and has smaller apothecia.” This lichen chiefly
grows on birch, rarely on fir.
Bilumbia caradocensis (A. L. Sm.). 7. Larches near Rhododendron
Drive and also on a coniferous tree in a copse near Sicily Cottages ; Mr.
Paulson wrote :—‘‘ The lichen you sent is Balambia caradocensis. It does
not answer well to the chemical test, but I have noticed this more than
once; it is similar in appearance to Lecidea Frresiz, but your plant is not
the latter.” Balambia caradocensis is local but plentiful in southern and
central England, rare in northern England. £4. Naegeli (Anzi). 7, 8.
A very rare lichen of the south and west of England and the west of
Jreland, occurring in Savernake Forest and Bedwyn Brails ; its distribution
in this district is given in the preface to this paper.
Buellia canescens (De Not.). 7,8. This common species produces the
rather rare apothecia freely on the churchyard wall at Great Bedwyn, the
black apothecial discs contrasting sharply with the intensely white thallus.
B. myriocarpa (Mudd) 7.. On palings with Xanthoria polycarpa and
X. lychnea between Great Bedwyn and Crofton; a frequent species in
Britain.
Fihizocarpon alboatrum var. epipolia (A. L. Sm.) 7. Brickwork
of a bridge over the Kennet and Avon Canal near Oakhill, Froxfield ;
common in England but rare in Scotland; the apothecia are immersed in
the thallus which closely surrounds them. RR. obscuratum (Massal) 8.
On Fore Bridge over the Kennet and Avon Canal between Little Bedwyn
8. East Wiltshire Lichens.
and Oakhill; Mr. Paulson wrote :—“ The specimen with rather sunken
apothecia I believe to be Rhzzocarpon obscuratum ; itis not quite true to
description, but I have found this to be the case on more than one
occasion.”
Baeomyces rufus (D.C.)—7, 8. Fruiting on gravelly soil near London
Ride, Savernake Forest, and on sandy clay at Dod’s Down; an interesting
ground lichen which forms a whitish crust on the soil and bears brown
apothecia on short stalks ; it is closely related to the pink-fruited
B. roseus which also grows in the Forest.
Lecanactis abtetina (Koerb.) 7. Very frequent on roughbarked trees,
especially oak, in the middle of Savernake Forest ; the thallus is very pale
lilac in colour and the apothecia are rather large and covered with a
thickish white bloom or pruina which conceals their black colour; this
lichen is found in Northern and Southern England, where it is rather rare.
The thallus shows yellow when scraped slightly ; in spite of its specific
name I have never seen it on conifers but nearly always on the oak, rarely
on the Spanish Chestnut.
Arthonia pruinata (Steudel) 8. On oak posts near Shalbourne; Mr.
Paulson wrote :—‘* The lichen with pinkish thallus is, I believe, Arthonia
pruinata. The spores are very scarce or badly developed; those I have
seen are of the right size, but I can get no reaction with Ca.Cl. The alga
of the thallus is Z'rentepohlza, but another alga is sometimes present, still
Trentepohlia but not the normal alga. Call it A. prucnata till I write
again about it.”
Opegrapha atra (Pers.) 7, 8. In the north-east part of Savernake
Forest and also in Bedwyn Brails and elsewhere, not uncommon on trees.
O. varia (Pers.) 7, 8. Tree in the north-east of Savernake Forest,
also on an oak by a pond near the southern end of Bedwyn Brails ;
apothecia black, prominent, and with a wide disc ; a common species.
Phaeographis dendritica (Muell.-Arg.) 7. On three trees near Rhodo-
dendron Drive ; a lichen that occurs on trees in wooded regions, chiefly in
the south of England and the south of Ireland ; the lirellae or apothecia
are branched in a dendroid manner and their discs are broad and flat with
a grey bloom.
Einterographa crassa (Fée) 7. Not uncommon and sometimes growing.
very luxuriantly in Savernake Forest ; very fine specimens were seen near
Eight Walks ; previously, doubtfully reported, in the absence of spores,
from near ar EIT It is fairly common in the Channel Islands and
throughout England, more especially in the southern counties. The
apothecia are minute, brownish-black and punctiform or dot-shaped.
Verrucaria aquatiis (Mudd), V. laevata (Arch.), V. aethiobola var.
acrotella (A. J. Sm.) and V. submersa (Schaer.) 8. These rare aquatic
Verrucariae grow on flints in the bed of a stream in Gully Copse, towards
Stype Wood, near Bagshot; the brook, which largely dries up in the
summer, has dug a channel for itself in the soft beds of the Reading Sands
and after a short course eastwards disappears into a swallow hole near
Stype. This stream is not named on the 6-inch map of the Ordnance
Survey, although its course is marked and the direction of its flow
indicated by an arrow. V. aethiobola var. acrotella also occurs on very
By Cecil P. Hurst. | 9
small rounded flints (pebbles) in the old bed of a stream in Foxbury Wood.
V. submersa, the thallus of which turns green when moistened, is the com-
monest of the lichens in the stream near Stype, where it is rather frequent.
As far as English records go, V. aethiobola var. acrotella appears to be
known, at least as far as British Museum specimens are concerned, only
from southern, and V. laevata only from northern England, while V.
aquatilis is rare in western and northern England. V. aethiobola var.
acrotella has no thallus and the perithecia form tiny black prominences
scattered on the flints. The locality where these aquatic lichens occur is
in Berkshire by the old county boundaries, but the new limits place it
more than half-a mile within South Wiltshire. PV. viridula (Ach.) 8.
On flints in Rivar Firs, near Shalbourne, and -very fine on flints
in Rivar Copse, near Inkpen, which is just over the Wiltshire border
in Berkshire ; also on a flint on Conyger Hill, Great Bedwyn ;
common throughout England ; the thallus is olive-brown and the
perithecia large, black and deeply, immersed. V’. muralis (Ach.) 8. On
the mortar of a wall at Ham, near Shalbourne, a not uncommon English
lichen ; the perithecia black, hemispherical, small and semi-immersed but
superficial on the substratum and not leaving pits in the stone. JV’.
rupestris (Schrad.) 7,8. On the churchyard wall at St. Mary’s Church,
Marlborough (A. G. Lowndes); on the churchyard wall at. St. Katharine’s,
Savernake, and also on a wall in Great Bedwyn village, etc., frequent
throughout the British Isles; a curious lichen growing on rocks chiefly
calcareous ; the numerous black perit ecia secrete an acid which dissolves
the limestone on which they are seated, so that in time they come to be
almost hidden in the deepish pits they have hollowed out, only their tips
being visible.
Arthopyrenia fallax (Arn.). 7, 8. Trees in Birch Copse, Savernake Forest,
and in Bedwyn Brails and Chisbury Wood and elsewhere ; in this plant the
thallus is developed under the bark (hypophlceodal), which it colours light
or dark brown; a common English lichen ; the perithecia are black and semi-
immersed, Edward Forster’s Savernake Forest specimens, collected in 1809,
are in the British Museum Herbarium. 4. stigmatella (A. L.Sm.). 7.
Beech between Braydon Oak and Marlborough; not uncommon in the
south, but rare in the north of England; the small black perithecia form
numerous dots on the greyish thallus and are unequal in size.
Pyrenula nitida (Ach.). 7. On beeches in Savernake Forest, apparently
rather uncommon ; easily known by the greasy aspect of the-brown thallus.
ADDENDA. .
The following lichens were noted during April and May, 1922 :—
Chaenotheca aeruginosa (A. L. Sm.). 7. Ona large oak in Birch Copse,
Savernake Forest; Mr. Paulson wrote :—‘The thallus has a_ slight
tendancy to turn red on the addition of K which suggests Chaenotheca
brunneola, but the structure of the apothecia, stalk and colour of spore
mass have decided me for the former.” The thallus was pale glaucous in
10 Kast Wiltshire Lichens.
my specimens and the spore mass brown; this lichen is stated by Miss '
Smith to be local and scarce in south-western and northern England.
Physcia orbicularis var. virella (Dalla Torre). 7. Trees near Haw
Wood ; light-brown when dry, turning bright-green when moistened ; not
uncommon in England, rarer in other parts of the country ; the Haw Wood
plants grew with Ph. pulverulenta.
Cladonia subsquamosa (Nyl.). 7. On a stump near Rhododendron
Drive ; the podetia were radiate-cristate ; widely distributed in the British.
Isles but not common ; the fruits are reddish-brown.
Lecanactis premnea (Weddell). 7. Three trees near the King Oak,
Savernake Forest; a plant with large black prominent apothecia and
whitish thallus which is not uncommon in England.
It is stated above that Lecanora galactina is one of the few lichens that
grows in the immediate neighbourhood of large towns; I have seen it on
rough-cast walls on the front at Cliftonville, Margate, and its variety
dissipata is one of the few lichens of the London area, forming ink-like
stains, thallus and apothecia being further blackened by smoke, on
composite walls, etc., in the more open districts such as South Kensington,
Notting Hill, and Camden Town. Specimens from the two latter localities
are in the Natural History Museum at South Kensington.
11
WIDHILL CHAPEL AND MANOR.
By JoHN SADLER.
There is, or was, in the parish of Cricklade St. Sampson a chapel at
Widhill, which was the subject of a suit in the Exchequer Court in the
early days of James I. There was also a manor, of which the early history
is wanting.
The suit in the Court of Exchequer was brought by Andrew Lenn, the
Vicar of Cricklade St. Sampson, against William Bonde, and alleged that
the vicars had not only the cure of souls of that parish—being great
and replenished with 2000 people and upwards—and that the tithing of
Northwiddell had time out of mind been reputed and taken to be part of
the parish, and there was a Chapel of Ease called the Chapel of Northwidhill
within the parish of Cricklade St. Sampson, being distant a mile and a half
from the parish Church, the which chapel had always been parcel and
member of the parish Church and dedicated and employed for the service
of God, and that the vicars had always celebrated divine service there, and
enjoyed the tithes and glebe. The Dean and Chapter of Sarum, the patrons,
had presented complainant about five years previously and he had ever
since celebrated divine service and preached in the parish Church and also
at the Chapel of Northwidhill and had enjoyed the glebe and tithes, until
of late one William Bonde pretending the Chapel of Northwiddhill was a
concealed chapel, about June previously procured a grant or lease thereof
from the King, by the name of the rectory of Estwiddhill, and did most
disorderly enter the said chapel by force, kept possession, tore up the pews
and turned the house of prayer into a private dwelling, and brought actions
against complainant and others.
Defendant’s answer is not on the file: but complainant’s replication says
the chapel had always been a chapel of ease and was a rectory or parsonage
and not founded or used for superstitious uses. It had been called some-
times the Chapel of Widhill, sometimes the Chapel of Northwidhill, and
sometimes the parsonage of Kstwidhill, and all were the self-same thing.
Iles and Kemble mentioned in the Answer occupied under complainant, and
paid tithes to him. [(Hachequer B. & A. James I., Wilts.187. P.R.O.]
As appears by the Bill, William Bonde had already brought his action
against the vicar and others, including George and Michael Kemble—possibly
sons of William Kemble, of Widhill, gent., whose will [P.C.C. 31 Wallopp]
was proved 30th May, 1600—and threatened to take the profits of the glebe
and the tithes. He does not seem to have met with much success, as the
Court on 21st Oct., 1605, ordered him te remove himself from possession of
the chapel; to suffer the vicar to say divine service there, to celebrate the
sacraments as had been formerly accustomed, and to take to his own use
the profits of the glebe and the tithes, upon bond of £40 to the King to
answer to the Court if judgment should be given against him upon the
information for intrusion. William Bonde was ordered to set up the pews
12 Widhill Chapel and Manor.
by him pulled down and to answer the vicar’s bill within eight days. [Hacheq.
Decrees & Orders, 3 Jas. I., Ser. IT, vol. 3.]
On 29th November following a further order was made. It appeared
that the defendant had not given up possession and a process of attachment
had been awarded against him; defendant submitted an affidavit stating
that he had then done so and removed his wife and children and household
goods and would have done so before if he could have found a house to
go to; and that he had endeavoured to put up the pews but could not find
a carpenter, but would with all convenient speed cause them to be erected
and set up. The Court ordered the attachment to be discharged and the
contempt respited until the trial [for intrusion]; Bonde being required,
according to his own offer, to build up the pews again before Christmas,
and to leave in Court the costs of the attachment before the discharge was
sealed. [Zd. vol. 2.]
In the meantime evidence had been taken on Commission at Cricklade
on 23rd September, by Sir Henry Bainton, Sir Henry Poole, and Symon
James, gent. The witnesses were only five: Robert Waters, husbandman,
aged 70; Alce Dennis, aged 80; Peeter Knight, yeoman, aged 30, son-in-law
of Robert Withers, late Vicar of Cricklade; Thomas Withers, yeoman, aged
40, brother of the late vicar; and Jynnyver Slatter, husbandman, aged 90;
all of Cricklade, except Robert Withers, who was of Bishops Cannings, and
all agreed that the Chapel of Est Widhill with the glebe and tithes had
always belonged to the Vicars of Cricklade; they had known the parsonage
house, but did not know whether there was a parsonage there or not—except
in name. Alce Dennis deposed that in Queen Mary’s time her father, who
was an inhabitant of Estwidhill and paid tithes there, brought an action
against Sir John Cockle, then Vicar, for not saying service in the Chapel,and
had an order to compel him to serve if he had lived ; and said “they used
to marrie Christen and Administer the Sacraments theere bothe in the
tyme of Supersticon and Sithence.” [Hacheg. Depns., 3, Jas. [., Michaelmas
Term, Wilts, No. 45.] These depositions were returned into Court and
ordered to be read and used, but counsel for Bonde affirmed that they were
taken after the return of the Commission, and they were accordingly
suppressed unless good cause to the contrary should be shown. But Robert
Pittes, of Kemble, gent., made an affidavit on 9th February [1606] that he
engrossed the depositions, which were taken on 23rd Sept., and not on 23rd
Oct., as is mentioned in the head and title,and the same was misentered by
by him in negligence and for no other object. The Court ordered that the
date should be amended and the depositions used ; and as the vicar was
“of small living” and craved a speedy hearing, the case was ordered to be
heard the first sitting next term. [Hxcheg. Decrees & Orders, Jas. I., Ser.
LT.. vol. 3, fo. 166°]
On 30th June, 1606, the cause came on for hearing, but, as defendant did
not appear, it was postponed for a week, and on 7th July it came up again ;
defendant again failed to appear, and as it was shown by the records of the
Court that after commencing his action against the vicar he had not pro-
ceeded to trial, but had (as was certified) commenced a suit in the Court of
Common Pleas, the Court finally ordered that the said Andrew Lenn and
his successors, Vicars of Cricklade St. Sampson, should quietly enjoy the
By John Sadler. 13
said chapel, glebe, and tithes as parcel of the said vicarage, &c., until on a
new bill to be brought by the said Bonde on other and better matter to be
showed and proved, it should be otherwise ordered. And it was further
ordered that the said Bonde was not to proceed further against the said
Lenn concerning the premises, but was to pay 4Us. to plaintiff towards his
charges for wrongful vexation.
THE Manor.
Widehille and Wildehille are mentioned in Domesday, and Canon Jones
considered them to be different portions of Widhill, ‘“‘ the name now of some
farms in the parishes of Broad and Little Blunsdon”; the first probably
North Widhill, which was held of Alured of Marlbrough, and the other he
considered to be West Widhill, which was held by Tetbald and Humfrey,
two of the King’s officersv
I can find nothing definite about the manor until, soon after the lawsuit
already mentioned, it came into the hands of Robert Jenner, whom I cannot
satisfactorily identify. He was grantee, with his wife, Elizabeth, daughter
of Thomas Longston, citizen and grocer of London, then deceased, of a
tenement with garden and orchard, and an inn called the Swan, in Dartford,
Kent, from his brother-in-law, Henry Longston, in satisfaction of his wife’s
portion and of her claim in the estate of her father under the custom of
the City of London. Robert Jenner is described as a citizen and goldsmith
of London in the indenture of conveyance dated 16th December, 1625.
[Close Rolls, 2 Chas. I., pt. 2, No. 18.]
Two years later he figures as a Wiltshire landowner. An indenture of
15th November, 1627, between Thomas Cooke, of Cote, gent., and Robert
Jenner, of Widhill [Close Rolls, 3 Chas. I., pt. 19, No. 12.], recites that
Thomas Cooke of New Sarum, merchant, by indenture of 23rd May, 28
Henry VII., granted to Edward Tame, of Fairford, all his lands, &c., in
Widhill at a yearly rent of £3, which rent had descended to Thomas Cooke
of Cote; and Robert Jenner, being then lawfully seised of the fee of
the lands, Thomas Cooke sold to him the annual rent of £3. It is not shown
how Robert Jenner acquired possession of Widhill, whether by purchase or
inheritance, as nothing earlier on the subject has come to light. His dealings
in land were not confined to Widhill; he had about this time purchased
the manor of Eysey from Sir John Hungerford, of Down Ampney, and Sir
Anthony Hungerford, his son, apparently in the names of himself, John
Jenner, of Crudwell, yeoman, and William Gibbs, citizen and goldsmith of
London; for on 2nd March, 4 Charles I., John Jenner and Wm. Gibbs, in
performance of the trust reposed in them by Robert Jenner, conveyed to him
all their estate in the manor of Eysey, lately purchased by him of Sir John
and Sir Anthony Hungerford [{/b. 6 Charles I, pt. 7, No. 11]. He did not,
however, keep this manor of Eysey long, but sold it 17th November, 1630,
and two closes called Farmer’s Closes, heretofore one, in Eysey and Latton,
in conjunction with John Jenner and Wm. Gibbs, to Edmund Dunche, of
Little Wyttenham, Berks. [/0., 6 Charles J., pt. 10, No. 32.| Some years
later, on 14th February, 23 Charles 1. (1648), he purchased the manor of
Marston Meysey and all the property there, which had belonged to the
Bishop of Salisbury,for £1092 12s. 9d., from the trustees of Parliament for the
14 Widhill Chapel and Manor.
gale of lands and possessions of the late Archbishop and Bishops. [J/b. 23
Charles I., pt. 11, No.6.) Marston Meysey was then part of the ecclesiastical
parish of Meysey Hampton, in Gloucestershire ; and according to a petition
to Parliament from the inhabitants it appears that there had formerly been
a Chapel of Ease there, part of which still remained but had been converted
to other uses by the late Bishops and their tenants or farmers, and the in-
habitants asked permission to re-build and prayed that the tithes and
duties arising locally might be assigned to them for the benefit of a godly
and pious divine to preach to them, &c. Parliament by an ordinance in
April, 1648, gave permissiou for building a Chapel or Church where the
former Chapel stood, and for the use of the materials thereof: the said
Chapel to be a parochial Church called by the name of Marston Mesey ; and
the bounds and limits as they were known to liqin the County of Wilts to
be the bounds and limits of the parish of Marston Meysey : the Church to
be a rectory; the incumbents to be from time to time, and at all times
“eligible” by Robert Jenner and his heirs and assigns, and presentable
only by Robert Jenner, being lord of the manor, his heirs and assigns, as
the patron; the two parishes of Meysey Hampton and Marston Meysey
to be several and distinct, discharged from all parochial duty, to each other,
except that the Rector of Marston Meysey was to pay to the Rector of
Meysey Hampton £6 14s. towards the first fruits at such times as they
should be due and payable by the Rector of Meysey Hampton. [ Lords’
Journal, 22nd April, 1648.]
Robert Jenner died 7th December, 1651, and was buried in Cricklade
St. Sampson’s Church, where there is an altar tomb with an inscription to
his memory [Szr 7’. Phillipps], describing him as a citizen and goldsmith
of London, and aged 67. It records his gifts of eight almshouses in the
Abbie of Malmesbury, with £40 a year for their maintenance, and a free
school to ‘‘ this” parish, with £20 a year for its maintenance; his building
of the parish Church of Marston Meysey “at his own Proper Cost and
Charge”: and his gifts to London—£20 to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital,
£15 to the Goldsmiths’ Company, for fifteen of the poorest men of
the company, £5 to the poor of St. John Zacharias Parish, and £5
to the poor of St. Leonard’s Parish in Foster Lane, all yearly for ever.
It will be observed that there is no mention of any family or local con-
nection. John Jenner, of Crudwell, was presumably his brother; He made
his will 29th October, 1647 [P.C.C. 114 Pembroke], leaving the residue
of his goods, &c., to his kinsman, Henry Ottrig, his exor., and appointing
his brother, Robert Jenner, one of the overseers; but he mentions
no children. Zhe Visitatvon of Gloucestershire 1682—3 [Hdn. Fenwick &
Metcalfe| has a pedigree of Oatridge, of Butler’s Court, Lechlade, which
begins with Simon Oatridge, of Garsdon, Wilts, who married Jane, sister
of Robert Jenner, of Widhill, Esq., and had seven sons, including Henry,
Robert, Daniel, and John, and a daughter, Abigail—names which all appear
in the will of Robert Jenner. But there were other Jenners in the neigh-
bourhood, as the same will plainly shows [P.C.C. 242 Grey]. By it Robert
Jenner left £200 a year and a house in Foster Lane, London, to his wife for -
life; the manor of Marston Meysie to Robert Jenner, son of William
Jenner the elder, of Marston Meysie ; the advowson of the rectory there to
By John Sadler. 15
John Jenner, the younger, son of John Jenner, of Marston Meysie ;
household goods at Widhill to “kinsman” John Jenner the younger ;
-he directed that his kinsman, Henry Oatridge, should enjoy the
lands at Widhill, except the house and two closes until [blank],
and that his kinsman, John Jenner, should let “his unckle Henry
Oatridge” have possession. The manor of Widhill was settled by deed of
20th May, 19 Charles I., on his wife for life. Ina codicil it is stated that
Henry Oatridge had been granted a lease of Widhill at a yearly rent of £450,
out of which £40 was to be paid to the poor of Malmesbury [? for the
maintenance of the almshouses]. It is probable that Robert Jenner had a
daughter, as a marriage licence was granted by the Bishop of London on
15th May, 1632, to Thomas Trevor, of St. Bride’s, bachelor, aged 20, son
and heir of Thomas Trevor, Kt., one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and
Anne Jenner, of St. Leonard’s, Foster Lane, spinster, aged 15, daughter of
Robert Jenner, of the same, who consented. But assuming it to be so, as
the description warrants, it is strange that the name of Trevor does not
appear in the will, unless the daughter, Anne, died without issue before her
father. The widow, Elizabeth Jenner, died 23rd November, 1658, and was
buried at Cricklade.
John Jenner succeeded to the property at Widhill. He was under age
at the date of the death of Robert Jenner, and after-a time got into diffi-
culties so great that the property became the subject of many lawsuits,
from 1684, if not earlier. John Jenner had to fly from home and was out-
lawed. Hecontinued an outlaw till his death in 1706.
His only surviving son, Nathaniel, succeeded him, and took action to
recover that part of the estate which had been seized under the outlawry.
At first, in 1710, he claimed that Robert Jenner was his great-uncle, and
that John Jenner, his father, was a very near kinsman and relative to the
same Robert [Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 249, 31]; and two years later,
in a Chancery suit concerning the school at Cricklade [/b. Bridges, 249, 32]
he stated that Robert Jenner being minded to settle his estate so that it
should remain in his name and blood, and for the better advancement of
“his nephew,” John Jenner, complainant’s father, did by indenture of 20th
May, 1643, between himself and John Jenner, of Marston Mesey, in con-
sideration Of his natural affection to the said John Jenner the elder, “his
cousin german,” and to John Jenner, his son, and William Jenner and
Robert James, the younger, brothers of John Jenner, the elder, covenant,
&e. Unfortunately I have not been able to trace this indenture as enrolled
in any of the Courts, but the information is precise though not consistent
in itself; and it is late in being brought forward. This bill goes on to state
that Henry and Daniel Oatridge, under colour of a nuncupative codicil to
the will of Robert Jenner, built a school in Cricklade and placed a school-
master there, paying him £20 yearly till John Jenner came into possession ;
that John Jenner continued the payment for some years, but when he got
possession of the deeds, which he could not do at first, he discontinued it
under legal advice. Complainant having succeeded his father under the
deed of 20th May, 1643, as his only surviving son, was greatly disturbed by
defendants, the churchwardens of both parishes in Cricklade, who had
taken proceedings for the re-establishment of the school; to which
16 Widhill Chapel and Manor.
complainant had replied, and the other side had not proceeded ; but they had
obtained a commission for charitable uses which without notice to him had
decreed that he should pay £20 a year and arrears for four years and a half.
The defendants in their reply to the bill gave a brief statement: of the
starting of the school and said that Robert Jenner desired that Mr. Durham,
who lived at Staunton with Mr. [or Mrs.] Hippisley, should be the first |
master and teach Latin scholars only. Cricklade boys to pay 4s. yearly, |
and others what the master might arrange with their parents. Mr. Durham |
refused the mastership and Mr. Farmer was appointed ; he was succeeded |
by Francis Green, clerk; after him John Jenner, who had come of age, |
nominated Mr. Nicholas Adee; after him Mr. Edward Davis and several '
others; the last Mr. John Haugh, who had been master for many years. |
The executors paid the £20 a year, and John Jenner continued it until,
about thirty-two years previously, he absconded. John Haugh having been
surety for many of John Jenner’s debts, was forced to leave and had fled to —
Ireland. While John Jenner was outlawed the estate was miserably torn
to pieces by his creditors, and the parishioners were unwilling to engage in
suits with so many creditors, who during the time were much engaged in
suits with one another. Complainant was said to have cut off the entail ©
and refused to appoint a schoolmaster or pay the £20 a year. He did not
answer the defendants’ bill in the time allowed, and the decision of the
Commission for Charitable Uses was given on 8th February, [then] last—
1712.
One of the defendants to the first of these two bills, Henry Morgan, a
tenant, said the Mansion House was demolished or fallen down before his -
time, some of the outhouses were sold by complainant, and part of the
stones used by his servants to repair the highway; he had heard of an
ancient chapel on the estate, and that it had been down many years. There
was, however, a capital messuage included in the sale in 1769.
Nathaniel Jenner died in 1732, leaving a widow, Catherine, an only
surviving son, Nathaniel, and two daughters, Margaretand Mary. He had
two other sons, John and Robert, who died shortly before their father.
The widow was dead in 1754, and so was the daughter, Mary, as adminis-
tration was granted of the goods, &c., of both in that year to Nathaniel,
the son and brother respectively.
Nathaniel Jenner, the second of the name, died 17th February, 1764,
leaving his only sister, Margaret, wife of Thomas Read, a brazier, of
Wootton Bassett, his heir at law. By his will [P.C.C. 144 Szmpson], dated
16th August, 1761, and proved 14th April, 1764, he left all his property,
real and personal, excepting a few legacies, to Edward Pleydell, Esq., and
tichard Kinneir, surgeon, both of Cricklade, in trust for the payment of
his father’s debts and his own, any surplus was to go to his kinsman, Adye
Baldwin, of Slough, Bucks, innholder. What the kinship of Adye Baldwin —
to the testator was does not appear. The estate was once more the subject
of lawsuits; which were settled by a decree of the Court of Chancery
dated 27th June, 1766. The real property was variously valued at £500 to
£800 a year, and was mortgaged to Thomas Fettiplace for a trifle over
£5000. The mortgagee was really in possession, but allowed Nathaniel
Jenner to live in the manor house and to take £70 a year out of the rents.
By John Sadler. 17
The personal estate had shrunk to the furniture of the house, one horse,
some hay, and a few other things of small value; some plate was claimed
by Walter Parker, brother of the testator’s widow (there is no mention of
her in the will), and a few things were taken away by Margaret Jenner,
aunt of deceased ; Richard Kinneir, the surviving executor and trustee, had
in his possession a gold watch, a gold ring, and sleeve buttons, which the
widow claimed. The Court comma the OAL and ordered that the estate
should be sold. Edward Pleydell, who had proved the will with his co-
trustee, had died before putting in an answer to the bill which had been
presented by the residuary legatee. Within three years Widhill passed to
Lord Folkestone. On 9th March, 1769, by an indenture which included,
apparently, everyone having an interest in the property, Walter Parker, of
Lisshill, brother of the widow of Nathaniel Jenner, and Richard Kinneir,
the surviving trustee, at the request of Thomas Read and Margaret, his
wife, the heir at law, John Escott and William Wasborough, surviving
assignees of the estate of Thomas Read, who was a bankrupt, and Elizabeth
Baldwin, the widow of Adye Baldwin, the residuary legatee, sold the manor
of North Widdell als. Widhill, to Jacob, Viscount Folkestone, grandson of
Sir Mark Stewart Pleydell, of Coleshill, for £18600. Sir Mark Pleydell
_had been accepted by the Court of Chancery as the best parchaser but had
died before the conveyance could be carried out.
VOL, XLII—NO. CXXXVII. C
18
KING’S BOWOOD PARK [No. IIL].
By THe Ear or KErRrRy.
(Continued from vol. xli., p. 522.)
While the re-building and re-decoration of Bowood House were in progress
changes no less important were being made in its surroundings.
We have seen how, during the ‘Interregnum,’ the deer were driven off
and King’s Bowood Park was broken up into lots, which were separately
sold to supporters of the Commonwealth. The ground was then no
doubt ‘assarted,’ or cleared for the purpose of farming, and although
the original purchasers had soon afterwards to make way for the
Royalist grantee, Sir Orlando Bridgeman, it would seem that the place
thenceforth remained a ‘park’ in name only. Maps of 1753—4, probably
prepared for John Lord Shelburne at the time of his purchase, show the
ground minutely subdivided by enclosures. [Four separate farms then
existed within the park :—the Lodge (now the Home) Farm ; Litton’s Farm
(on the site of the present Home Farm cottages); Shadwell’s (now the
‘ Osprey’) ;! and Granger’s, now Queenwood. These survived as such
for a time, but their situation, so near his home, did not fall in with the
second Lord Shelburne’s ideas, and with the exception of the Home Farm
they appear to have been disestablished soon afteyhis succession. ‘The
park was then taken up for sheep, in the breeding of which it is clear from
sundry notes and memoranda that its new owner took a lively interest. We
find his wife writing in 1767 in her invaluable, if sometimes sententious,
diary, ““My Lord is very much satisfied with Farmer Mansfield, by whose
care the Park is got into fine order, and the flock of sheep increasing fast.
These circumstances and the number of workpeople employed there, makes
Bowood have no appearance of the skarsity so allarmingly conspicuous
in most parts of the country and so severely felt by the poor. The Rigour of
the season gives apprehensions for the ensuing harvest and increase of
every kind, but we ought to learn by past mercies not to despair of future
ones.” A later map dated 1778, shows all the old enclosures removed,
while a ‘pleasure ground’ round the house, a considerable area under
plantation, and a large sheet of ornamental water, all bear evidence of the
work which had been carried out in the interval.
The principal instrument in these changes was Lancelot, better known
by his nickname of ‘Capability,’ Brown. Starting life in Lord Cobham’s
kitchen garden, at Stow, Brown had quickly risen to fame as a designer of
‘landscape’ gardens, which, under his influence, soon replaced many of
the formal gardens of the seventeenth century. He first visited Bowood
in 1757, during the lifetime of John Lord Shelburne, and a letter from the
1 This curious name, by which the group of buildings forming the estate
workshops is now known, apparently originated in a small enclosure hard
by, formerly called the ‘ Horse Bray.’
King’s Bowood Park. 19
latter to his son, Lord Fitzmaurice, gives an amusing account of what then
— took place :—
‘““ What would you give to know the consequences of the visit of the
famous Mr. Brown and the fruit of the 80 guineas which I gave him ?
He passed two days with me and eat & drank at rather a more elegant
table than you saw here (if that be possible), and twenty times assured
me that he does not know a finer place in England than Bowood Park,
and that he is sure no Prince in Europe has so fine a fruit garden, This
I protest is all that passed between him and me, to the astonishment
of all who were witnesses or who have since enquired (and many have),
what services he did for me, or what councils he gave. While the
neighbours wonder, I laugh, because crying will not bring back my
three-times-ten guineas. However I am persuaded that the man
means to present me at some future time, with a well-digested plan for
this place, and perhaps to come to me to explain it. He was very
careful in viewing and examining, but was so very reserved as to any
hints concerning what would improve the place, that he appeared no
more of the Profession which introduced him to me, than would the
most unmathematical man in his Majesty’s 20th Regiment.!. I must
do him the justice to say that he desired I should lessen the sum in-
tended for him, but you know that matter was stipulated with Mr.
Bayntun,? and I would not depart from it.’
The ‘ well digested ’ plan was not, however, produced during the lifetime
of the elder Shelburne, and it was not till 1762 that the following agreement
was signed between his son and successor and the famous gardener :—
An agreement made between ‘he Earl of Shelburne on the one part,
and [.ancelot Brown on the other, for the underwritten ARTICLES of
Works, to be performed at Bowood in the County of Wilts :—(‘l'o Wit.)
ARTICLE the Ist. To make a Sunk Fence to enclose the Gardens,
beginning at the Stable Office and ending at the Head of the intended
Water; in shape and direction as agreed to by his Lordship, and build
in it a dry Wall.
ARTICLE the 2nd. To make all the Garden which is to be enclosed
within the above fence, and plant all the Trees Shrubbs, &c., as also to
make all the Walks whether of Sand or Grass, and to sow such Parts
of it with grass seeds as are thought necessary to be in Turf.
ARTICLE the 3rd. ‘lo Level all the Ground between the Kitchen
Garden and the Water, as also to Drain, Plant, and sow with Grass
seeds all such parts as shall be thought Necessary to be in Grass,
making the whole compleat.
‘The regiment (commanded by Wolfe) in which Lord Fitzmaurice was
then serving.
2 Edward Rolt, second son of the heiress of the Bayntons had assumed
the name of Baynton ; he was created a baronet in 1762.
3 John Earl of Shelburne to Viscount Fitzmaurice, Nov. 2nd, 1757.
Cc 2
20
Kings Bowood Park.
ARTICLE the 4th. To make a good and sufficient Head, to cause.
the Water to flow in such a shape and manner as is agreed to by his.
Lordship, making all the Plugs, Grates, and wastes for the discharge
of Floods and for occasionally drawing down the Water ; to level and
make all its edges, as also the second Head and Sham Bridge, to flow
the Water up to the Wood, and to keep the same in repare for one year
after the finishing.
ARTICLE the 5th. To make all the Roads or Approaches to the
- House, beginning at the entrance into the Park from Chippenham and
Gommnuncanne them to the House, Offices, &c., as also that from the
Road which is to be made through the Ground which belongs to Mr.
Holland; beginning at the said Road, crossing Mr. Hungerford’s, and
so on over the sham Bridge or second Head, and from thence in the most
natural and easy direction to the House Offices, &c. ‘To level, Drain,
alter, Plant, and sow with grass seeds all the ground on the South
front, down to the Water.
ARTICLE the 6th. To Level, Plant, and wire up such Trees, and
~ Busshes as shall be thought proper to be “anne in that Ground which
is on the opposite side of the intended Water, beginning at the great
Head, and ending at the Ground which belongs to the Colledge ; Carry-
- ing a Sand Walk from the above mentioned Ground in the best
direction for shade, Prospect, dzc., as also to continue the same Walk
along the great Pond Head, and so on till it communicates with the
Garden Sand Walk. )
ARTICLE the 7th. To coped alter and. pulse the pond below. the
Lodge ! according to the stakes put in for that purpose.
ARTICLE the 8th. To make the Great Plantations on each side of
~ the Mausoleum, and all those Plantations Proposed to verge the Park
in general, according to the Plan Meret to by his Lordship, and to
~ drain the wet parts.
The said Lancelot Brown does promise for himself his Heirs Adminis-
trators, and Assigns, to finish in the best manner in his or their Power,
between the date hereof and June One thousand seven hundred anal
sixty six, the above written eight Articles.
For the Performance of the above written eight faves The Karl of
Shelburne does Promise for himself his Heirs Administrators, or
’ Assigns, to pay or cause to be paid to the said Lancelot Brown, his
Heirs Administrators or Assigns, the sum of Four thousand three
hundred pounds of Lawfull Money of England at the underwritten
~ Times of Payment. His Lordship to find six able Horses during the
execution of the Work, as also Carts and Wheelbarrows and to keep
the same in repair ; Brown to find all Forrest Trees as also under-wood ;
His Lordship to find the curious trees & tree seeds, Brown to plant
-them ; His Lordship to find what rough Timber may be wanted, for
Rails, Plugs, and Grates ; Brown to Dig & Carry the Stones for the Dry-
Wall, Drains and Head of the Water, as also for the Sham Bridge.
24.¢, Home Farm. .The pond no longer exists, but the pond-head
can still be seen. eas
O)
By the Earl of Kerry, 21
, The Times of Payment.
Js S d.
rie NpmileiGot sy.) a 500 0 0
In October : 5 5 : 500 0 0
In March 1764 . ; ; : : 500 0 0
Michaelmas : : ; : ; 500 0 0
In March 1765 . f : : : 600 0) 0
Michaelmas : a ; é ‘ 600 OV a ©
In March 1766 . a : ‘ : 600 O-.2,0
On finishing the Work ; : 500 0 0)
£4,300 . 0 . 0
August the 10th, 1762. Lancelot Brown.
The ‘lay out’ of the park, as planned by Brown, is shown ina map
prepared not long after the making of the above contract, and it appears
that the scheme proposed was carried out with only minor variations.
Its principal feature was the Jake, which was formed by the construction
of a dam or pond-head across the valley on the eastern side of the
park. The pent-up waters of the Whetham stream—the ‘Fynamore Water ’
of the early perambulations—soon covered a considerable area, and the
former pond, which had been just below the house, was swallowed up,
as also a group of cottages which stood near the bridge spanning the
stream a little higher up. This was the village of Mannings Hill, which
belonged to Mr. George Cary: it was purchased by Lord Shelburne in
1766, when the pond-head was in course of completion, but though provision
was made elsewhere for its inhabitants, tradition says that one of them
resolutely refused to leave her home until she was forced to do so by the
rising waters !
The old boundary of the park on its south-eastern tes ran, a8 we have’
seen, in an almost direct line from Horslepride (Sandy Lane) Gate to
Mannings Hill, crossing the centre of Wire’s Plain and Clark’s Hill.!
Skirting this pale was a road or packway, which after reaching Mannings
Hill Bridge turned right-handed through Laggus Farm and so crossed the
Alders Common to Calne, but the new lake cut athwart its track and
Shelburne appears to have been undecided in the first instance whether to
carry the road over the water or to make a new one, which would at
once serve the purpose of an approach to Bowood and carry travellers
from Sandy Lane by a more direct line to Calne.
There are several drawings at Bowood, and at the Soane Museum, of
architectural bridges some 70 feet in span, evidently designed in relation
to the first of these alternatives. The second plan, however, was
eventually adopted, the road to Calne being taken from Cuff’s Corner to
Pondtail, where the present less ambitious bridge was built to carry it
over the water, while a connecting link with Bowood House was made across
1 See map, Part I. Wilts Arch. Mag., xli., 407.
22 King’s Bowood Park.
the Washway stream, joining the Calne Road at the top of Holland’s Moor.
It seems to have been at first intended that this approach should cross the
valley by the dam below the Store Ponds, which is no doubt the ‘Second
Head’ of Brown’s contract. From the same document it is clear that
this ‘second head’ was to have been adorned by the ‘Sham Bridge,’
and a ‘‘design of a bridge in imitation of the aqueducts of the ancients,
proposed to be built over a branch of the lake at Bowood” may be
seen amongst the published engravings of the brothers Adam.! In the ©
event, however, the Bowood approach was carried across the Washway
stream somewhat higher up the valley and without any external embellish-
ments. The new road was afterwards extended to Calne, passing through
the Pillars Lodge and Quemerford.?
The project is referred to by Bentham in a letter to his friend, George
Wilson, written during his first visit to Shelburne at Bowood :—?
‘‘There seems no want of money here: grounds laying out, and
plantations making, upon a large scale—a gate going to be made with
a pyramid on each side of it, for an approach to the house at six miles
distance: the pyramids to be at least 100 feet high. At this place a.
road, which is to be made from the house, is to join the road from
London to Devizes. This new road will leave Calne (through which
the present road runs) on the right, and save a mile or two. [I call it
Egypt, in the way you have deep valleys, with meadows and a water
mill at the bottom of them ; and the sides, craggy rocks, with water
gushing out of them—just for all the world as if Moses had been there.’’
Some small properties had to be acquired by Shelburne for the purpose
of these alterations; these were thrown into the new park and the old
road over Clark’s Hill was obliterated though its line can still be
distinctly traced beyond the lake on Laggus Farm.
There are certain items shown on Brown’s map which do not seem
to have been proceeded with. One of these is a ‘Triumphal arch,’
the erection of which was contemplated at the northern end of the
park, not far from the present Derry Hill gateway. Another is an
‘Intended Mill,’ shewn near the pond head. Some ancient drawings
of milling machinery amongst the Bowood archives probably relate to the
latter project, and though there is no evidence that a mill was ever built,
1 The Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam, Esquires—pub-
lished in 1779.
2 Under a Turnpike Act of 1792 (32 Geo. II, ch. 114) a new road was
made from the “Land of Nod” (Chittoe Heath) to Calne, via Whetham,
This superseded the Horslepride to Calne Road for purposes of public
traffic, but a special arrangement was made between the owners of Bowood
and of Whetham under which a right was preserved for the former to pass
through Whetham Farm and for the latter to go from Whetham through
Bowood to the Derry Hill Lodge.
3 August 28th, 1781. dMJemorrs of Bentham, ch. v., p. 96. Bentham was
evidently somewhat misinformed as to the scope of the project.
By the Earl of Kerry. 23
the mill race was prepared and forms one of the existing outlets for the
water of the lake.
The improvements of Bowood Park continued long after Brown’s personal
influence had ceased to count, but it is clear that he was responsible in the
first instance, not only for the lake, but for the lay-out of the gardens or
pleasure grounds with the sunk fence which divides them from the park,
for the planting of the major part of the Big Wood, and for many of the
older clumps of trees within the park, as well as for the ‘ Verge’ which
surrounds it.!
Lady Shelburne’s diary coincides with the period of Capability’s activities
in and around Bowood. We give below a few extracts to illustrate the
progress of his work :—
1765. May 12th. There remains . . . to forma considerable piece
of water, on the head of which they are now at work.
May 30th. Mr. Browne’s plantations are very young but promising.
Aug. 5th. Mr. Browne the Gardener came to dinner, and spent the
evening in giving directions to his man.
1766, Jan. 12th. I found Lord Shelburne talking toa Mr. Case about
the construction of pond heads, and desiring him to look at that Mr.
Brown is making at Bowood Park, on his way to Lord Egmont, where
he works.
June 17th. As soon as breakfast was over we took a walk and were
vastly pleased with the effect of the water, which flows into a magnificent
river, and only wants now to rise to its proper height, which it comes
nearer to every day.
July 2nd. Walked down to the head, which had so nearly been overflow’d
by the extraordinary rains, that they have been forced to cut a passage
for the water into Farmer Cowley’s field.
1767. April 17th. The work they are now upon is levelling the lawn
before the house to the edge of the water.
1768. July 10th. ‘To our great pleasure we found the place in perfect
good order, except for the necessity that there has been of letting out
ye water which has not yet had time to fill. ‘The Menagerie has in-
creased extremely.
Aug. 5th. We went to Farmer Angel’s, with whom my Lord talk’d of a
purchase of two lives, which he wishes to make of him upon his estate
on the top of the Alders, in order to bring in the road from London
that way, but which ye Farmer did not seem disposed to treat upon.
We therefore left that transaction as we found it.
1769. June lst. We arrived at Bowood and were delighted to find it in
so much verdureand beauty. Itis very much improved by ye alteration
of ye ground on ye other side of the water.
Aug. 24th. This evening Lord Shelburne drove me to the downs by the
‘The original boundary of King’s Bowood on the Buckhill side must have
been set back when these operations took place. ‘The old stone gateposts
which are traditionally (and no doubt correctly) supposed to mark the limits
of the ‘ Liberty ’ at this point, are some distance outside the present fence.
24 . King’s Bowood Park.
new Road he is making and shew’d me an alteration he designs in the
approach to ye House. It is indeed very fine and if my Lord can
purchase three fields from my Lord Bottetourt.or from Mr. Pitt, the
whole extent of ye country between us and ye downs will be his, and
we shall have a magnificent drive to them.
~ To the foregoing may be added Lady Shelburne’s characteristic
account of an evening walk in the company of Colonel Money,' and
Tom Cumming, the Quaker, who on a former occasion had brought Doctor -
Johnson with him on a visit to Bowood. It would hardly be guessed that
the party during the course of this adventurous expedition were never more
than half a mile from Bowood House, but it must be remembered that the
ladies of that day were unaccustomed to take much walking exercise and
had not developed the athletic propensities which characterise their sex at
the present day :—
** We had prayers as usual & 1 in y° evening as I never use the Cabriolet
on y* days for my own, I took a walk with Lord Shelburne, Col.
Monney, & Mr. Cnmmine, Lord Shelburne and y° latter kept behind
talking on business, & Col. Monney & I arriv’d first at John Croom’s
House on y® other side of the water. We had chairs brought out &
sat in y* Wood on the Banks of the Water waiting for them. At last
they came up to us & sat for some time, when my Lord recollecting
he had letters to write, said he would go over in y® Boat to the House
& leave me to walk home with them, w“ I did so slowly that it was
quite dusk when we arrived at y® Green Bridge. My Lord had un-
luckily forgot to leave it open & I having no key about me we were
forced to walk back to the cottage for one. When we had taken y° .
additional walk we found to our great disappointment it wou’d not
open it & were obliged at last to break open y* Hurdles behind the
Head of y* Water & scramble thro’ into the Park; We had also a very
high Stile to climb over, in which operation I desir’d to decline the
assistance of Col. Monney & Mr. Cummins & at length with great
difficulty prevaild upon them to leave me to myself, tho’ in all y* rest
of the walk I was much indebted to their assistance, which was afforded
me at y° expense of great trouble to them. I arriv’d by ten o’clock
heated and tir’d by my walk, it was really a very pleasant one had
there been more time for it. I found my Lord in the blue room, so
much engaged in his letters of business, that he made no reflexion on
the length of time I had taken to perform a short walk in & was much
surpris'd at hearing of all my difficulties. Col. Monney talks so much
‘of it, that I expect it will be one of y° marvellous events he will have
to sale of Bowood.” ?
Shelburne was fond of committing his thoughts and resolutions to paper,
and amidst a mass of private notes iu his own hand we find the following
memorandum :—
1 Col. James Money, of Ham House and Whetham. He was descendant
through the female line of the Ernles and Fynemors.
2 Lady Shelburne’s Diary: Sunday, July 16th, 1769.
By the Karl of Kerry, 25
Abstract of Gaby’s disbursements at Bowood £ s. d.
From Nov., 1761, to Jan., 1762 175 12 64
to Jan., 1763 902 5 104
to July, 1765 DONT ie
Wood account to Aug., 1765 191 7 7%
Total of Gaby’s disbursements—about 34
years | £3487 3 1%
eee
N.B.—These accts. are independant of Mr. Brown’s work and of
building. Resolved this day, Sep. 30th, to suffer no accounts to
remain unpaid beyond a fortnight.
From the above it will be seen that Brown’s activities were already being
supplemented by the work of others, and the Bowood accounts show that
a succession of gardeners with a large staff of labourers were continuously
employed during and after the termination of Capability’s contract.
Something like £8,000 appears to have been spent in this way between
1765 and 1775, and it is to be feared that the economical resolutions
which Lord Shelburne had formulated remained in a large measure
unfulfilled. A very large part of the work consisted in levelling, and
‘it is interesting to observe that although Brown favoured the informal
or landscape type of garden, both he and his co-workers were largely
engaged in altering the natural conformation of the ground. Thus we find
: that an addition of £1000 was made to his original estimate in consideration
of the levelling of the slope above the lake, while on another occasion he asks
‘for special consideration in view of the difficulty experienced in “ lowering
: the hill between the house and the wood.”
: There was a good deal of sickness at Bowood about this time. It was
put down to the proximity of the new lake and provoked Shelburne to
| enquire :—
| (1) What regard is due to a notion which has got among the ser-
vants that the healthiness of Bowood is affected by the size of the
water ?
(2) If it is—is it so constantly or only at particular seasons ?
(3) What bad consequences are to be apprehended from it, and how
can they be guarded against ?
(4) Can the fogs which sometimes prevail be attributed to the size
of the water ?”’
{
_ So ran his questions : the answers, which we may guess to have been
)
supplied by Dr. Allsop, of Calne—the maker of the White Horse—were
reassuring if somewhat platitudinous. The inhabitants of Bowood were
| enjoined “‘to keep within doors when the air was overloaded with humidity,”
| but since the soil of the place was “ either silicious or marlial (?) or heavy
clay and both were incorruptible,” it was officially pronounced to bea
_ healthy spot in spite of the water ! }
Shelburne appears to have had a fondness for wild animals, and the
1 Estate memoranda at Bowood.
26 King’s Bowood Park.
Bowood papers contain constant references to his Menagerie. The situa-
tion of this menagerie seems to have been several times changed. We
find it first, in Brown’s map, placed close to the offices, between the
Little House and the kitchen garden. Not ug afterwards, however, a
son and heir was born and the ‘ Little House’ was specially fitted out for
the accommodation of the infant Lord Fitzmaurice: it is not perhaps
astonishing to find that the wild beasts were then removed to the stable
yard, where Adam’s plan of 1768 shews several ‘‘ dens” ready for their
reception. ‘These dens (which have now become prosaic horse-boxes) can-
not, however, have been long occupied by Shelburne’s animals, for by 1780
the Menagerie had again changed its location and was transferred to the
park on the slope between Monks Hill and the Wash Way. This hill was
still known as ‘‘ Lagery Hill” some fifty years ago, though curiously enough
no one then knew the origin of the name. There is little record of the nature
of the wild beasts, nor are they spoken of, as might be expected, in Lady
Shelburne’s diary. We can only say that there are numerous accounts of
‘horse-flesh’ and ‘cow-flesh’ supplied for their maintenance ; that John
Button’s accounts shew him to have been constantly at work on ‘‘ the lion’s
den” for which we must suppose an inmate ; that there is a bill of lading
for a wild boar (£78 10s. Od ) sent to Shelburne by Count Lippe! in 1769,
and that Jeremy Bentham gave him a white fox from Archangel ‘‘ which
occasioned some pleasantries when we called some of the Bowood Ladies
‘the White Foxes.’”? Bentham moreover mentions the presence of a tiger
at Bowood in 1781, and the Estate Office still contains a feline skull which
is reputed to be that of the last inhabitant of the Bowood Zoo !
Of the eighteenth century additions to Bowood Park it only remains to
notice the cascade and the rockwork with its subterranean passage (now for
some unexplained reason known as the ‘“‘ Crooked Mustard”) with which
Shelburne adorned Lancelot Brown’s pond-head some years after this had
been completed. The rockery was made by “the ingenious” Josiah Lane,
who had been previously employed by Shelburne at High Wycombe in the
early sixties on work of a similar character. John Britton tells us that the
cascade was designed “ by aman of real taste, Mr. Hamilton of Pains Hill,
who took a picture of Nicholas Poussin for his model,” but there is still
extant at Bowood a plan for the cascade (which appears to differ little, if
at all, from that which was adopted) emanating from John Whitehurst of
Derby. This distinguished horologer must therefore be given his share of
credit for the conception of a work which was considered worthy to provide
the frontispiece for the ‘‘ Beauties of Wiltshire” !
~
1 The hereditary Comte de Lippe-Schaumbourg (1724—1777). He raised
a force in his principality during the Seven Years’ War and employed it in
the British interest. Shelburne met him while on military service on the
continent in 1759.
2 An allusion no doubt to Miss Caroline Fox, sister of Lord Holland,
who was one of the ‘ Bowood Ladies.’
* By John Britton, 1801.
By the Earl of Kerry. 27
~ Writing in 1785 to his second wife, Lady Louisa Fitzpatrick,’ whose
presence in Wiltshire was prevented by the prevalence at the time of
‘putrid fever, Shelburne? says ‘“‘ Lane is much improved in his rockwork,
which is much advanced, and will be certainly finished against Winter.”
‘The progress of the rockery, however, is constantly referred to for some
time afterwards in the Bowood papers, and the Abbé Morellet and other
foreign correspondents evince a marked interest in his “ Rocher,” and
speculate as to whether M. de Vaudreuil,? who had visited Bowood some
time before, would be able to produce a better one in his park near Paris.
Shelburne’s hobby was evidently, to his political enemies, something of a
joke. One of the contemporary cartoons by Sayers, the caricaturist, with
the title “ An ex-Minister training a terrier at Bowood,” represents him
‘urging asmall dog to worry a bust of Pitt which is ensconced in a grotto of
ornamental rock work. ‘The dog has the head of Joseph Jekyll, Shelburne’s
‘nominee as M.P. for Calne, so the allusion is sufficiently obvious.
_ In the year 1791 Shelburne made a tour in Wales, during the course of
which he visited Cardilf, then fast rising into prominence as a great
‘industrial centre. His impressionsare noted in a diary kept for the benefit
of the “ College ”—a term by which he was accustomed to denote the family
circle at Bowood, consisting of his second son Lord Henry Petty, Miss
Caroline and Miss Elizabeth Vernon (half-sisters of. the second Lady
Shelburne), and Miss Caroline Fox :—“ I own I could not help feeling not
'a little mortified at seeing the same time and perhaps the same money which
/I have spent on desolating about Bowood, so much better employed in
‘reclaiming a whole country from barbarity, creating houses, families, and
wants, and satisfying them. I assure you I would gladly chem now, and
/give you the honour of saving the State into the bargain!”
Fortunately—in so far as King’s Bowood is concerned—Shelburne’s
| heart searchings did not persist, and the work continued, under the almost
| daily supervision of its owner.
_ Two years before his death he wrote to his nephew, lord Holland, “ My
|| greatest resource is this place, where I am perpetually doing and undoing,
and to which I grow every day more attached.”
| His later years were specially devoted to planting, but here he found more
‘scope for his activities in Co. Kerry, where vast woods had been felled a
hundred years before to feed the iron furnaces, than in Wiltshire. With
| the exception, however, of the plantations by Brown which we have already
mentioned, the older woods in and round Bowood all owed their origin
directly to Shelburne.‘
| ' Daughter of the Karl of Upper Ossory. Shelburne married her in 1779,
| his first wife having died in 1771.
* Shelburne had by this time become Marquis of Lansdowne but, follow-
| ing his biographer, Lord Fitzmaurice, I retain the use of his earlier title.
* Joseph de Rigaud, Comte de Vaudreuil, friend of the Comte d’ Artois.
| 4 The collection of Conifers in the ‘Pinetum’ was planted by the 3rd
'Lord Lansdowne about 1850.
28 King’s Bowood Park.
It will be remembered that besides King’s Bowood the only property
purchased by John Lord Shelburne had been the Manor of Bremhill. His
successor, while busy with the improvement of the house and park, lost no
opportunity of enlarging by purchase the boundaries of his Wiltshire
estate, ot
The first and principal acquisition was the Manor of Calne, more correctly
described as the Hundred of Calne and Manor of Calne and Calstone.
This property, originally belonging to the Zouches,*had for nearly two
centuries been in the hands of the Duckett Family, who lived at Calstone
till their house was destroyed in the Parliamentary War, when they migrated
to Hartham. At the time of which we are writing the family was then
represented by Thomas Duckett, the member for Calne since 1754, whose
financial affairs had become so much involved that he was forced to sell
the manor. ‘The contract for sale at a price of £28,600 was signed in Feb.,
1763, and Shelburne at once entered into possession. The vendor not long
before had had some kind of paralytic stroke, and it was alleged that he
was non-compos and had been unduly influenced in the matter of the sale.
He died three years later, and his executors refused to complete, but his
younger brother, William, stepped in and the matter was soon afterwards
finally concluded.! The lands thus bought were elaborately and artistically
mapped at the time by William Powell, Shelburn’s surveyor, to whom we
have already had occasion to refer. They include Sands and most of
Quemerford, besides Hollyditch, Stockley, and a number of small detached
blocks in other parts of the parish. The Calstone Manor lands were not
included in this survey, but they would appear to have been mainly
represented by portions of the two great fields (North and South Field) into
which the commonable land of Calstone was at that time divided.
The next purchase was that of the ‘Prebend’ Manor of Calne, bought
from William Northey in 1765. The history of this manor, which had
originally been granted “in prebendam” by Henry I.to the Church ofSarum,
and had since been leased by the Church to various individuals, is fully
given in Marsh’s History of Calne.? Its possession was no doubt useful, if
not indispensable, to those who wished to retain the political interest of
Calne Borough. William Northey had bought from the ex-M.P. Benjamin
Stiles in 1747, and himself became member the same year, while from 1765
onwards Shelburne’s nominees were returned without question to represent
the borough at Westminster. £11,950 was the price paid, and it is curious
to note that the prebend had changed hands forty-five years before for
almost exactly the same sum.? There is at Bowood a survey or ‘terrier’
of the manor at the time of the sale, from which it appears that the property
consisted of a few leaseholds together with a quantity of. small charges
(tithes, quit rents, etc.), distributed amongst the various tythings of Calne
Parish. So numerous were these latter that a quarto volume of nearly 300
pages is absorbed in their relation !
‘Sir George Duckett’s Duchetiana.
2 Page 20 foll.
3 £12,000. See Marsh’s History of Calne.
By the Earl of Kerry, 29
The making of the lake, and of the new Calne approach, involved, as
we have seen, an extension of the park and the acquisition of several small
properties, which had formerly abutted on its borders. One of these was
Nusterleigh, the “ Nustrell’s Lease” of the seventeenth century,! now called
Clark’s Hill, after the farmer who was in occupation at the time of its
purchase. The old King’s Bowood boundary ran across the hill in question
and part of Nusterleigh was already within its pale, but some 34 acres were
outside and these were bought in 1765 from Mr. Lumley Hungerford
Keate, of Bath, who was at this time the Wiltshire representative of the
ancient family of Hungerford.
A branch of the Hungerfords had settled some two hundred years before
at Cadenham, but they had at the beginning of the century transferred
themselves to Studley, which had been bought from the Norbornes. The
last male heir of this branch, George Hungerford, of Studley, having died
the previous year, sine prole, the succession fell to the offspring of his sister,
_ Frances, who had married John Keate, of Whitlesea, Cambridge. Lumley
| Hungerford Keate was their grandson.2 It may be permissible here to
follow the Hungerford pedigree a little further, since their descendants
| have continued to hold land in this neighbourhood up to the present time.
| Lumley Hungerford, like his great uncle, left no heir, and on his death in
| 1766 the succession again went through the female line in the person of his
sister, Henrietta Maria. Henrietta married George Walker, of Calne, who
| took the name of Hungerford, but once again there was no son. The
| Walker-Hungerfords’ only daughter, Henrietta Maria Anne, married in
1807 John, second Lord Crewe, and the family i is now represented by his
grandson, the present Marquis of Crewe.
| Cowidge, a farm of some 84 acres lying between Whetham and Bowood,
was also bought in 1765. It belonged to one Rogers Holland, ‘“‘of Chippen-
Iftar,” but though his name survives on the Ordnance Maj, in ‘ Holland’s
| Moor,” I have been unable to discover any details concerning him. It seems
curious that this land, surrounded as it was by portions of the Calne Manor,
should have formed part of the Royal manor of Cherhill. Such, however,
/was the case, and the original grant—endorsed with the sign manual of
| King Henry VIIL., whose ‘ Great Seal’ is attached by a silken cord of green
and white (the Tudor colours)—is amongst the Bowood charters :—
“Henricus Octavus dei gratia Anglie Francie rex, fidei defensor,
Dominus Hibernie, omnibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint
salutem. Sciatis quod nos de gratia nostra speciali et ex certa scientia
et mero motu nostris, dedimus et concessimus et per presentes damus
et concessimus dilecto servienti nostro Edwardo Beynton militi, unum
messuagium et duodecium acres terre, sexdecim acres prati, quater
viginti agres pasture, vocate Cowythe, et sex acres bosci vocati Jackys
Arme,*® cum suis pertinentiis in Cawlne in comitatu nostro Wiltes.
"See note at end.
2 Hungerfordiana, by Sir Richard Colt Hoare. Privately printed, 1823.
* This name survives in ‘Arm Quarry’ Wood, near Pond Tail.
30 | King’s Bowood Park.
Que quidem messuagium terra pratum pastura et boscum predicta
sunt membra sive parcella manerii nostri de Chiriell in comitatu pre- —
dicto. Quod quidem manerium est parcella terrarum nostrum vocatum
Warwyk Land, et que quidem messuagium terra pratum pastura et
boscum quidem Henricum Persons nuper tenuit et occupavit et modo
tenet et occupat de nobis ad placitum nostrum pro reddita quattuor
marcarum per annum. Habenda et tenenda messuagium terram pratum
pasturam et boscum predicta cum omnibus suis pertinentii8S prefato
Edwardo Beynton et heredibus suis masculis de corpore suo legittime
procreatis in perpetuum de nobis et heredibus nostris, per fidelitatem
tantum pro omnibus allis servitiis et.secularibus demandis et absque
compoto seu aliquo alio nobis aut heredibus nostris predictis per pre-
missis seu aliquo inde parcella reddendo vel faciendo . . . apud
Westmonasterium decimo septimo die junii anno regni nostri vicessimo,”
The grantee, ‘Hdwardus Beynton Miles,’ was the Sir Edward Baynton,
of Bromham, Vice-Chamberlain to King Henry VIII., to whom that ~
monarch granted Stanley Abbey at the Dissolution ; a small quit rent was
still payable to his successor in respect of Cowidge at the time of its
purchase, though the property had no doubt long since passed out of the
hands of that once powerful family.
About the same time 93 acres were bought on the other side of the lake in
Coombe Grove, from the trustees of Mr. Rogers, whose family then owned
land at Heddington and elsewhere in the neighbourhood and are still
represented in the county. !
Coming nearer to Bowood, there were two more small estates which
Shelburne had for some time been anxious to obtain, since his projected 7
lake was destined to cover some part of them with its waters. One of these ©
was Laggus, a farm of 37 acres, formerly belonging to the Hort family, but 7
at this time to Stephen Mead, (described asa “fuller’’) ; the other,asomewhat
smaller holding, now forming part of the last-mentioned farm, but then
quite distinct, was known as Woodlands, or Mannings Hill, and was the
property of Clare Hall, Cambridge. Both these were bought in 1766— |
Laggus for £1800 and the “ College Land” for £1074 18s. 9d. |
The purchase of Mannings Hill necessitated a special Act of Parliament, |
since it had been left (by one John Wilson, “clerk, late of Bremhill”), to |
the Master and Senior Fellows of Clare Hall, Cambridge, for the express |
purpose of maintaining and educating ‘two poor scholars’ at that college. |
To his bequest the testator had added the quaint direction “ that if any of his
kindred at any time stood to be chosen by the said Master and Senior Fellows
into the said scholarships, being equally sober and learned, they might have
the preeminence.” Parliament raised no objection, and the property, with 7}
its “writings” and a “pew in Calne Church belonging to thé said capital 7}
messuage” was transferred to Shelburne, on condition that the Rev. Peter
Stephen Goddard, D.D., Master of Clare Hall, should immediately reinvest
the £1074 18s. 9d. in real estate for the benefit of future Wilson scholars.
!'The manor of Cherhill had been formerly held by the Earls of Warwicll |
(see Marsh’s History of Calne, p. 278—9).
By the Earl of Kerry. 31
The “ writings” which came with this little copyhold to Bowood are an
extremely interesting collection of old charters, from which the history of
‘““ Wodelond” can be traced since it was first granted, with some land at
“ Pyneles,” at the “rent of a rose” by Will. Michel to Phil le Marler in
1328. There followed a succession of yeomen owners. The Marlers leased
and eventually sold to the Mannyngs—whose name, though now forgotten,
continued to be associated with this hill some centuries after they had left
it. After them came several generations of a family named Gawen,
Gawine, or Gawne, from Stock, followed by another set of owners whose
patronymic appears to have been “Servaunte alzas Ralfe.” Lastly there
appears one Rogers, of Brimbell (Bremhill), by whom the property was
heavily mortgaged early in the eighteenth century, and it would seem that
John Wilson must have profited by the financial embarrassment of his
neighbour, in order to step into the latter’s shoes. These charters contain
frequent references to members of the old families— Fynamores, Blakes,
and Ducketts—as also to early place-names now forgotten ; amongst these
latter we may note a pasture called in the fourteenth century “ Alres,” or
“* Alrichelie,’’ which seems to have been the prototype of the ‘‘ Alders,” or
“ Alder’s Lee,” one of the Calne Common Fields afterwards disestablished
by the Enclosure Acts.!
It is unnecessary to say much about Shelburne’s subsequent purchases.
The houses in the bed of the lake have already been mentioned, at the same
time a number of other cottages on the confines of the park at Red Hill, Cuff’s
Corner, and Buckhill, were bought from the same owner, Mr. George Cary,
of Torr Abbey, Devonshire, who had inherited the property through the
female line from Christopher Villiers, Earl of Anglesey.?
In 1769 £920 was paid to John Talbot, of Lacock, “ eldest son of John
Talbot, the elder, of Charlton,” for the Abbots Waste, a transaction which
seems to show that the Colonel Sherington Talbot of Commonwealth times
had proved successful in his claim that this part of Bowood was a perquisite
of the abbey and his “ancient inheritance.” ?
Spittal Farm, said to have once been the infirmary of Stanley Abbey, was
bought from Daniel Bull, the son of John Bull and Member for Calne in
1768. Rough Leaze, Blackland Farm, and Pinhills were acquired from the
same source later on, and Calstone Manor Farm, which had a few years
_ before been sold by Lord Radnor to one Henry Bailey, was added to the
_ Bowood estate in 1776. .
| Studley manor house, or Studley Hungerford, the former headquarters of
| the Hungerford family, would appear to have been left by George Hungerford,
_ mentioned above, to his widow, Elizabeth Pollen, who survived till the year
"The Alders was eventually allocated to Lord Lansdowne in consideration
of his giving up his rights in the other Calne Commons.
* George Cary was not the son (as stated by Canon Jackson, in his History
| of Chippenham), but the great grandson of Edward Cary, who had obtained
| this property by marriage with Mary Pelson, granddaughter of the Earl of
| Anglesey. (Burke’s Landed Gentry.)
>See Part 1. W.A.JZ,, vol. xli., p. 420.
32 King’s Bowood Park.
1816. The house and farm are included in an old list of Lord Shelburne’s
purchases, as bought by him in 1777 for £7000, subject to Mrs. Hungerford’s
life interest. The site is to-day once more in the hands of the Hungerford
family, and it would seem that it must have been repurchased after
Lord Shelburne’s death.! The eighteenth century tything maps show that
Studley Hungerford was in its day an important building, with a court yard,
garden, dog kennels, and a curious ornamental canal which cut across the —
present line of the Calne Railway; all this has now disappeared. ‘The
present farm house was rebuilt in 1875; of the former buildings only an
old barn remains 27 setu, with the walled approach to the house and some
large elms which appear to have once formed part of an avenue cuanite
from it down to the river.
The following is an extract from some ‘“ Notes on his private affairs,”
which appear to have been written by Shelburne after his various pur-
chases of land had been completed or probably not many years before his
death :—
- Bowoop Park.
Nothing is wanting except to keep it in order and to keep the
Plantations thinned. Care must be taken to watch the sale of the
following Estates, and to forego no opportunity of acquiring them.
(1) Mr. Hungerford’s, on account of the Pleasure ground and its
lying directly between Bremhill, Calne, and the Park. ;
(2) Mr. Moure’s, as it consists of scraps of land intermixed every-
where with our property, which altogether make no object, but will
enable you to inclose in some places and allot in others to such advantage
that they cannot be well bought too dear.
(3) Foreman’s a small property close to the shrubbery.
(4) That part of Mr. Browne’s which may be said to lye within the
Park.?
(5) Whetham: the want of hich 3 is sufficiently obvious in front of
- the House and which once acquired with Mr. Hungerford’s and others’
above mentioned, the Park would be insulated by Turnpikes all round.
(6) A small estate of Mr. Broome’s called Norley * should be added
to complete this.
There is likewise a small estate ‘of Sir Edward Bayntun, and I have
always kept Spittal house with a view to exchange with it.
(7) There is likewise a small estate of the younger Mr. Brooke’s,
leading up to the Downs, with a very easy ascent from Bowood, which
would be the most agreeable circumstance possible added to Bowood.
The Downs will always be found the great feature about Bowood for
1 Ganon Jackson is surely in error in stating (Aubrey’s Wiltshire Collections,
p. 38, note).that this site was ever in Angell ownership. He possibly
confused Studley House with the other Manor House in Studley, viz.,
Rumsey, which was until recently the home of the Browne- Angell family.
+7.e., the Rumsey property.
34'near Norley Lane‘in Studley.
By the Earl of Kerry. 33
change of air, exercise, magnificence, and variety, and this farm is all
that is wanting to make them to all intents and purposes your own.
Tt is entailed on a second son of Mr. Maundrell’s and will certainly be
on sale sooner or later.
Other estates are desirable, such as that part of Sir Edward Bayntun’s,
which lies intermixed with Bremhill, and the Duchess of Beaufort’s
Farm, which Pepler now rents, and other things ; but I set down only
those that are indispensable in point of convenience or improvement,
for undoubtedly buying and selling is not the natural employment of
a gentleman, so much as it is to improve what he inherits.
As may well be imagined, Shelburne’s activities at Bowood and elsewhere,
which continued over a period of forty-four years, had placed a heavy strain
on his resources, and there can be no doubt that, although he enjoyed a
considerable income, this had heen constantly and largely exceeded. He had
(as we have seen) bought Bowood from his mother in the first instance, and
had since entirely redecorated and virtually rebuilt the house. Immense
sums had been spent in making the park and grounds, and round them had
been formed a large estate, every acre of which he had purchased: In
London he had bought, finished, and furnished Lansdowne House, while
all his life he had been collecting pictures, statuary, prints, books, and
manuscripts, wherever he could find them. It is not, therefore, astonishing
to find that according to Bentham he was already in 1781 indebted to the
extent of £300,000. During his later years great efforts were made to set
matters straight : his estate at High Wycombe was sold to Lord Carrington ;
another property, in the City of London, which had been originally acquired
by Sir William Petty and comprised the whole of Tokenhouse Yard, was
sold to the Bank of England for £12,000 in 1799, and several estates in
Ireland were similarly disposed of about the same time. A heavy debt,
however, still remained, though Shelburne was at pains to prove that the
property which he left to his successors compared favourably with that
which he had himself inherited.
An elaborate statement was prepared with this object in 1801, and with
the following memorandum was attached to his will :—
“When I came to the estate I found no person employed in my
affairs but such as served to mislead me, through incompetence or
some worse motive : no agent inthe habitof accounting regularly : neither
house in town or country except Wycombe, which was barely habitable
and without [even] a tablecloth. However as I know by experience
how liable not only the best intentions, but the best conduct, is to be
misrepresented and misconceived, and considering that every man
Owes an account to his family of his conduct (particularly where a
confidence has been reposed), I had the above account made out. It
may be proved by inspecting the vouchers in the offices at Lansdowne
House and Bowood Park.
I intend to leave a copy of this paper with each of my sons, hoping
that those who succeed me and their children, may keep in mind Sir
William Petty, my great-grandfather’s, exhortation to: his family, to
VOL, XLI.—NO. CXXXVII. D
34 King’s Bowood Park.
improve upon the foundation which he laid with no worse negotiations
than he proved himself by his will to have done, with so much integrity
and honour.” !
Four years later Shelburne died and was succeeded by the Earl of
Wycombe,formerly Lord Fitzmaurice,who had assumed the former title when
his father was created a marquis in 1784. The second Lord Lansdowne had
for some time been on bad terms with his father, and refused to take any
part in the administration of his affairs, a duty which thus devolved on the
trustees of the family settlement. These were Sir Francis Baring, the
famous city merchant, ancestor of the several branches of the Baring family :
and founder of the hones of Baring Brothers, and John Eardley Wilmot,
son of the Lord Chief Justice, and afterwards a Master in the Court a
Chancery.
A serious situation was at once disclosed, and chee the fnayigial
stringency due to the Napoleonic war rendered the moment unfavourable,
the executors were forced to sell all the available personalty for what it
would fetch. All the collections were dispersed at auction, with the
exception of the ancient marbles, which, when on the point of being sold
to the British Museum, were transferred at a valuation to the second
Marquis. At Bowood the entire contents of house, farm, and garden were
similarly disposed of, the park and woods were denuded of all saleable
timber, and some of the lands more recently purchased—Pinhills Farm
amongst the number—were sold, to be afterwards re-purchased by Shel-
burne’s second son.
The second Lord Lansdowne spent Hout of his time at Southampton,
where he had built himself an elaborate Gothic castle, and made no effort
to inhabit Bowood, which was thus left derelict Arias the four years of
his possession. He was followed by his half-brother, Lord Henry Petty,
who succeeded as the third Marquis in 1809. A report by James Broad,
the estate steward, made soon afterwards, gives a sad picture of the
place, and of the havoc which had been wrought since the death of the first
Marquis. Everything had been removed from the house, including fixtures,
such as grates, presses, coppers, and brewing utensils, even the paving of
the orangery had been torn up and sold—no painting had been done for nine
years, and the wet was coming in through the roof and windows, most of
which were broken! The garden and grounds were in no better case, and
such woods as had not been cut down were described as “nearly waste.”
It was some time before Bowood could be rendered once more habitable,
but the damage was fortunately not beyond repair. Under the third Lord
Lansdowne the house was gradually refurnished, a new picture gallery was
collected, and a new library formed. Structural work was not neglected |
and the improvements during this period must be briefly noticed.
1¢f. Petty’s will, printed in Lord Fitzmaurice’s Life :—“I, Sir William
Petty, Knt., doe make this, my last will, premising the ensueing preface to
thesame . . . for justifying on behalfe of my children the manner and
means of getting and acquiring the estates wch. I hereby bequeath unto
them, exhorting them to emprove the same by no worse negotiations,”
By the Earl of Kerry. 30
The first in order of date was the Chapel which was built by Charles
Cockerell in 1823. The stained glass windows were designed by Louisa
Lady Lansdowne, who must have employed the whole of the College of
Heralds in elaborating the ancestral coats of arms which adorn them, for
some of these go back nearly to the Conquest! The Bowood papers show
that a Chapel and an Ante-Chapel had existed in the middle of the eighteenth
century, and they appear to have been in the same part of the house as
Cockerell’s building. They must however have been disestablished at the
time of the Adam alterations, for Jeremy Bentham gives an account in 1781
| of family worship in the Hall, where it would seem his sense of propriety
was somewhat offended at the presence of ‘‘a naked Mercury, an Apollo
'in the same dress, and a Venus de Medici,” as “attendant saints” at the
| ceremony !!
Communication between the original block of Bowood House and the
| newer portion built by Keene, had from thefirst proved atroublesome matter,
since, owing to differences of levels, the connecting link had to be such as to
| provide for a steep ascent from the ground-floor of the Great House to that
of the Little House. Adam, as we have seen, had attempted to get over
this difficulty by means of a ‘ staircase-hall’; but this arrangement had
: evidently proved inconvenient, and William Lord Lansdowne was at the
time of his death actually in treaty with George Dance, R.A. (the younger),
'foranewplan. Dance’s plan (which may be seen amongst the architectural
\drawings at the Soane Museum) involved the construction of a passage
way which, after running parallel to the Great House and rising upa flight of
steps, was to enter the Little House through the ante-Library. In 1830
| Charles Barry, then a young but rising architect, was employed by Lord
‘Lansdowne to devise a better scheme. He entirely removed the octagon
) Staircase-hall and substituted for it the present marble stairs. An ap-
/propriate approach to the staircase was made by removing the dividing
j walls between the several small rooms on the ground floor of the western.
| side of the Great House, thus constituting the present ‘ gallery,’ while the
‘corridor’ was added alongside of the drawing room in order to give
| communication between the two parts of the house without passing through
}that room. Not long after this (1833) the roof of the drawing room, which
\had been built about 1770, was found to be in a dangerous state; Barry
| was again employed for its renewal, and it may be presumed that the
vather uninteresting ‘barrel’ ceiling, which now covers this room, was
then substituted for one originally designed by Adam. The Library ceiling
|also underwent a change, though at a later date. Its somewhat florid
decoration was the work of a German artist who was employed on this |
room and on the Gallery towards the middle of the century.
A wooden clock tower over the Chapel was built, also by Barry, in the
early 30’s, but this soon became affected by dry-rot and had to be re-
| placed a few years afterwards by the existing stone turret.
The Lodge at the Derry Hill approach was, if we may judge by the
number of drawings for such a building found at Bowood, a matter which
had long been under contemplation. It appears that Thomas Wyatt was
1 Memoirs of Bentham, ch. V.
36 King’s Bowood Park.
amongst the architectural candidates for its erection, for he has left some
well-finished sketches, signed and dated 1841, for an elaborate gateway in
the ‘ Moorish-Gothic’ style. These fortunately did not find favour, and the
‘Golden Gates’ were eventually built by Barry, though on a scale much
more modest than that indicated by his first plans for this addition.
At the period with which we are dealing a large estate was scarcely
considered complete without some kind of monument—or Folly (as such
erections came to be disrespectfully named)—and in 1846 Barry was com- —
missioned to erect the obelisk, which now forms such a prominent landmark
on the top of Cherhill Down, and as a local rhyme has it—
pointing to the skies
Shown the openly traveller the way to Vize.
It is curious that the object of this monument should not have been
recorded by inscription or otherwise. By some it has been supposed to
mark the limits of the Bowood Estate in that direction: by others to
commemorate the birth of the late King Edward. The relations between
the then owner of Bowood and his Sovereign were such that he must
have shared to the full in the joy which this auspicious event occasioned
amongst all loyal subjects. It must however be recorded that a trust-
worthy and contemporary authority! states definitely that the obelisk was
erected to the memory of Lord Lansdowne’s distinguished ancestor, Sir
William Petty.
It only remains to say a word about the Terraces, which now form
an important feature of Bowood House. These were all built in
the time of the third Lord Lansdowne :—the Upper Terrace probably not
long after his succession, but I have not so far been able to find any
record of its designer or its date; the Lower Terrace,— designed by George
Kennedy,—in 1851; and the Forecourt in front of the portico, with the
recumbent lions and the loggia at the south-west corner of the Terrace,
very soon afterwards—though in this case again we have no record of date
or architect. The East Terrace was the last of these additions, and was in
fact barely finished when Henry Lord Lansdowne died in 1863.
I have carried my subject up to a period, which the title of “ King’s
Bowood ”—already almost forgotten in the eighteenth century —may scarcely
seem to warrant, but I will conclude by reverting for a moment to the
legitimate sphere of archeology.
There are in Bowood Park several small Sarsens, the presence of which,
some miles from the nearest example on the downs, seems to require ex-
planation. It has been supposed that they were brought down as curiosities
or for use as landmarks. If this is so it must have been done long ago, for
one of the stones, at all events, has been where it now is for two centuries ”
There is, moreover, plenty of stone on the spot, only a few feet
1 Mr. Twopenny, in the memoir already referred to.
2The ‘‘ Whore Stone,” z.e., the Old (Hoar) stone. This is in the park
near the Deermead and gave its name to one of the enclosures shown in a
map of 1755.
By the Earl of Kerry. 37
below the surface. It may be noted that Aubrey attests the presence of
sarsens even further afield (at Christian Malford) in the seventeenth
century;! is it not then possible that the vanished geological formation
which gave them birth may have extended over these regions, and that
they are zn situ ?
We are accustomed to associate barrows and tumuli with the downs, but
there are mounds in and about Bowood which, in the absence of proof to
the contrary, might well be supposed to belong to this class of monument.
Some are now planted with trees, about one hundred and fifty years old,
and may have owed their origin to Capability Brown, though it would seem
that the great landscape gardener would have been more likely to level
them than to make them. There is one, however, outside the park (on
Laggus Farm), which, though insignificant to-day, was of sufficient import-
ance to find a prominent place in the earlier maps of the eighteenth century,
and there can, in this case be little doubt of a prehistoric origin.
The Romans were strongly established at Verlucio (Wans) and at many
other places in the neighbourhood ; it might, therefore, be expected that
we should find some traces of their occupation at Bowood. Hoare mentions
the fact that a Roman villa was found “ between the mansion and the lake”
in the eighteenth century,? but there are no present indications of its site.
Quite recently a quantity of pottery, apparently of the Romano-British
type, was found on Clark’s Hill (the old Nusterleigh), during the course of.
quarrying operations ; unfortunately, however, nothing was preserved, and
the date of this settlement cannot be fixed until further specimens are
discovered.
Notes.
King’s Bowood Park, Part I. vol. xli. an
Page 408, line 11 from the bottom, for “south-western ” read “ south-
eastern.”
Page 407, line 17. The return made by a jury at Malmesbury in 1275
has since been found by Mr. Crawford. It is printed in the “ Special
Collections” Hundred Rolls, Wilts, No. 8. This return is more in the
nature of an inquisition than a perambulation and contains little infor-
mation beyond that given in Canon Jackson’s article.
Page 413, “ Nusterleigh,” note. I think I am wrong in attempting to
equate this with Nuthills, which, though connected by Nustrell’s Lease
Lane, is too far distant from Nusterleigh.
“Nostedelegh infra Pewsham” is mentioned in the Forest Pleas of
1370—in connection with a certain Johannes de Stoudlegh, who had
enticed and impounded other people’s cattle in his pasture—and would
appear to be another form of the same name. It is, however, difficult to
establish any direct relationship between the two sites.
Stod-leah (Stodlegh, Studley) is, I am informed by Professor Grundy,
' Natural History of Wiltshire.
* Hoare’s Ancient Wiltshire, II., 124.
YO Kings Bowood Park.
the Saxon for ‘“‘ Horse-pasture,” and Nostedelegh might mean the North
Horse-pasture; but Nusterleigh is a full mile from, and to the south of,
Studley village! :
Page 414, line 5, “ Earl of Castlehaven,” note. The lands in question.
had presumably been the subject of a royal grant and as such were seized
by the Commonwealth. It would appear that the property was not re- ~
covered by the Audley family after the Restoration, but curiously ~
enough they became once more possessed of part of Chippenham Forest
through marriage.
Christopher Villiers, Earl of Anglesey (see p. 410) left no male heir ~
and his possessions passed through his daughter, Anne, to two grand-
daughters, the issue of her second marriage with Richard Pelsen. One of
them married the Edward Cary mentioned above, and the other, James. ~
Lord Audley, 5th Earl of Castlehaven. Canon Jackson states that the
Audley property was that eventually sold to Mr. Ludlow Bruges.
Page 418, ‘“‘ Broadmine,” note. Considerable quantities of iron-ore were —
once found in the Lower Greensand in this neighbourhood. The iron ©
was smelted in “ blomeries,” or furnaces, at Heddington, Bromham, &c. ~
c.f. Aubrey’s Wiltshire Collections, edited by Canon Jackson, p. 44, note. ©
39
THE SIXTY-NINTH GENERAL MEETING
: OF
THE WILTSHIRE ARCHAZOLOGICAL AND NATURAL
HISTORY SOCIETY,
HELD AT SWINDON)!
July 3 Ist, August Ist and 2nd, 1922,
President of the Socrety :—
W. Hewarp Bett, FGS.. F.S.A.
MONDAY, JULY 3ist.
For the sixth time in its history the Society held its Annual Meeting at
Swindon, the last occasion when it visited that town having been in 1907.
The Town Hall having been most kindly placed at the disposal of the
Society by the Corporation free of charge, the proceedings began with the
holding of the Annual Business Meeting in the Council Chamber, at 3 p.m.,
at which forty-three Members were present, the President of the Society in
the chair. Twenty new Members were duly elected, and the Hon. Secretary
then read
THE ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1921—22.
Members.—The total number of members on the Society’s list, including
those to be elected at the annual meeting, is 397 (386 annual and 11 life
members), against 374 in 1921, an increase of 23 in the year. There have
been 16 resignations and 7 deaths, while 46 new members have been elected.
Finance.—The general fund of the Society began the year 1921 with a
balance of £88 16s. 2d. and ended it with one of £78 13s. The Museum
Maintenance Fund began with a balance of £19 5s. 1d. and ended with one
of £19 19s. 2d. The Museum Enlargement Fund increased from £54 0s. 4d.
to £67 Os. 4d., and the Museum Purchase Fund from £78 10s. to £79 Is.
The Life Membership Fund decreased from £71 16s. 7d. to £66 5s. 2d.
The Bradford-on-Avon Barn Fund increased from £30 12s. 6d. to £34 17s. 7d.
The total balance (not including the Bradford Barn Fund) standing to the
Society’s credit for all purposes on Dec. 31st, 1921, amounted to £324 4s. 3d,
against £357 7s. 9d. at the beginning of the year, a decrease of £33 3s. 6d.
The Magazine.—The two numbers of the Magazine issued during 1921 cost
£196 17s. 2d., and contained 233 pages. The total cost was, therefore, very
little short of £1 per page. It is hoped that this inordinate cost of printing
may be greatly reduced in the future, but it still remains very heavy, and
‘The fullest account of the Meeting is given in the Waltshire Gazette,
August 3rd, 10th, 17th, and 24th.
40 The Sixty-Ninth General Meeting.
if the Magazine is to be maintained at its present level, and the other work
of the Society carried on for the present small annual subscription of 10s. 6d.,
every effort must be made by all existing members to induce new members
to join the Society and to increase its resources. The alternative seems to
be to increase the annual subscription considerably.
Library.—Since the last report the library has received a large number
of gifts from thirty different donors of various new Wiltshire items. The
most important of these have been a quantity of original deeds and docu-
ments with Court Books czr. 1650, relating to the manors of Calne and
Calstone, presented by the Marquis of Lansdowne through Lord Kerry, and
a large MS. map to scale, by the late Sir W. St. John Hope, of the Saxon -
and Norman Cathedrals at Old Sarum as excavated, presented by Lady
Hope after his death. The librarian was also most generously allowed by
the executors of the late Mr. H. E. Medlicott, in accordance with his express
wish, to select from his library a considerable number of items that will be
of use to the Society’s library. During the past year another large album
of prints and drawings has been completed and its contents carefully indexed.
In addition to these gifts, a MS. Commonplace Book of Dr. Stukeley’s,
containing a great deal of archeological matter of interest, has, through the
kind intervention of Mr. A. D. Passmore and Captain Cunnington, been
purchased by the Society, from the Purchase Fund, for £35. Canon
Jackson’s own annotated copy of “Jackson’s Aubrey” has also been
purchased.
Museum.—The number of visitors during 1921, exclusive of schools,
societies, etc., was 1,078. Among the gifts during the year was a complete
officer’s uniform of the Wilts Yeomanry and the special case made to contain
it, presented by Mr. James Sadler, of Lydiard. The chief charges on the
Museum Maintenance Fund during the year have been a payment of
£12 6s. 5d. for repairs, and the repayment of a loan of £15 borrowed from
the General Fund in the previous year. The total receipts for this fund
were £48 17s. 10d. of which £15 6s. 3d. came from payments for entrance
and donations in the box, and only £28 6s. 10d. from annual subscriptions.
This sum does not suffice for the necessary upkeep of the Museum, and it
is hoped that all new members who are not already subscribers to the
Museum Maintenance Fund will become so to the extent of at least 5s. a
year. The provision of more cases, especially for the exhibits of the valuable
collection of objects from All Cannings given byCaptain and Mrs.Cunnington,
is an urgent necessity at the present moment. The sale of certain ethnological
objects from New Zealand and the Pacific Islands was sanctioned by a
general meeting several years ago, but could not be carried out during the
war. Some of these objects have recently been purchased by the British,
and the Oxford and Cambridge University Museums, and the remainder
will shortly be sold.
The sanction of the general meeting is asked to-day to confirm a resolution
already passed by the committee, to deposit on loan, indefinitely, at the
British Museum, the gold ornaments from the barrows belonging to our
Society, as well as the remarkable gold bangle of the late Bronze Age,
recently given by Mrs. Cunnington. These have for some time past been
The Sixty-Ninth General Meeting, 41
withdrawn from exhibition and their place has been taken by facsimiles, as
it was felt that their safety could not be guaranteed in our own Museum.
Excavations.—Col. Hawley continued his work at Stonehenge last summer
and is again at work there this year—chiefly on the excavation of sections
of the ditch. Mr. H. St. G. Gray carried out a fortnight’s work at Avebury
this spring, clearing out the remainder of the section of the ditch on the east
side of the Kennet entrance causeway, the work on which was stopped dur-
ing the war. ‘This finishes the work undertaken by the British Association,
and the excavations have now been finally filled in. The ditch proved to
have been 30ft. 3in. deep from the brink of the fosse to the bottom at the
deepest point. At All Cannings Captain and Mrs. Cunnington were
digging again on the village site last autumn, and propose to complete their
work there this year. They have also this summer opened a number of pits
in Battlesbury Camp, the presence of which was revealed by the cutting of
a trench for a water pipe. It is a matter for congratulation that Figsbury
Camp has recently passed into their possession, and will probably be ex-
plored by them in the future.
Devil’s Den.—The work of concreting the N.E. upright, which was in a
dangerous condition, was carried out last September, under the superintend-
ence of Mr. A. D. Passmore, at a cost of £55 15s. 1d., raised by subscription.
A full account of the work, with list of subscriptions, etc., appears in the
Magazine for June, 1922.
The Annual Meeting of 1921, held at Warminster, was in every way
successful, and left a small balance of £4 Os. 8d. to the Society. The evening
meetings were especially interesting.
The report having been passed, the officers of the Society were re-elected,
with the addition of Dr. R. C. Clay, of Fovant, and the Rev. H. E. Ketchley,
of Biddestone, to the list of Local Secretaries, and of the Karl of Kerry and
of Mr. John Saddler, as members of the Committee.
Capt. B. H. Cunnington mentioned the urgent need of fresh case room in
the Museum to contain the large collection of objects from the diggings at
All Cannings which Mrs. Cunnington and himself are presenting to the
Museum, though at present they cannot be exhibited for want of room.
He proposed before the end of the year to issue an appeal for a sum of £100
to alter all the central cases in the Stourhead Room, as two have already
been altered at a cost of £33. This will be met from the Museum Main-
tenance Fund, but it will absorb nearly the whole of that fund for the
current year. Mr. Goddard reminded members that in addition to the gift
of everything found at All Cannings, Capt. and Mrs. Cunnington had already
themselves given a case to the Museum costing over £30, and the President
remarked that the least that other members could do by way of recognising
their generosity, was to provide the money appealed for. Mr. Goddard
emphasised the passage in the report dwelling on the need of members
who had joined within the last few years becoming subscribers to the
Museum Maintenance Fund. The Society’s Museum could not be carried
on properly unless it had a regular income that it could depend upon. The
old subscribers to this fund were naturally decreasing, and an appeal must
be made to the newer members to fill up the gap. ‘The President observed
42 The Staty-Ninth General Meeting.
that they did not want to do as other archeological societies had already
done, raise the annual subscription, but members should bear in mind that
10s. 6d, is nowadays a very small subscription, and should be willing to help
the Society by becoming annual subscribers to the Museum Maintenance
Fund.
With regard to the gold ornaments belonging to the Museum, the proposal
of the committee to place them on loan in the British Museum for an in- | |
definite period was endorsed by the meeting. Mr. Goddard explained that
the British Museum authorities undertook to keep them together and to
exhibit them as lent by the Wiltshire Archeological Society. They would
not, of course, undertake to guarantee their security absolutely, but the
objects would be guarded precisely as the rest of the national collections
were guarded, and as it was impossible to guard them at Devizes, it was
better that they should go to the British Museum than that they should be
shut up ina bank where no one could see them. Mr. Goddard asked that
the action of Capt. Cunnington and himself in purchasing Stukeley’s MS.
Commonplace Book for £35 and Canon Jackson’s own copy of Aubrey’s
Wiltshire Collections with. MS. annotations for £3 15s. from the Museum
Purchase Fund should be approved of by the general meeting, and this was
done accordingly. Canon Knubley then reported that Mr. Guy Peirson, of
the Marlborough College Natural History Society, and himself, as repre-
senting our Society, had attended a meeting at Bristol, convened by the
Bristol Naturalists’ Society with a view to forming a sort of Union of
West of England Natural History Societies and establishing a scheme of
common action for observation and record. The idea had not yet progressed
beyond this initial stage, but both the Wiltshire representatives had been
placed on the committee, which would further consider the matter.
This ended the business meeting, and the members adjourned to the new
Municipal Museum, opened in 1920, close to the Town Hall. This is
now, thanks to the work of the Curator, Mr. C. H. Gore, F.G.S., arranged
in a way that makes it, as the President said, an example to all similar
museums. He did not know of any museum where the sequence of the
geological record and its connection with prehistoric archeology was so well
shown by the exhibits as it was there by representative specimens, admirably
arranged and labelled in an educational way, and it was very important
that this connection should be brought to the people’s notice. The geological
exhibits are mostly, especially the fine collection of local fossils from the
Swindon pits, from Mr. Gore’s own private collection. In addition there
is a large series of topographical prints, drawings, books, &c., &c., of much
interest for the history of Swindon and the neighbourhood, most generously
given by Mr. Powell. The Swindon Museum has already, so far as geology
is concerned, taken a foremost place amongst the institutions of the County
of Wilts.
From the Museum the visitors returned to the Town Hall, for tea, most
—hospitably provided by the kindness of the Mayor and Corporation ; and
then proceeded up the hill to visit Mr. A. D. Passmore’s private
collections. All these had been carefully arranged so that they could be
inspected with comfort, and Mr. Passmore, though suffering from a recent
ee =
The Siaty-Ninth General Meeting. 43
accident, resulting in a broken collar bone, was able to explain them to the
visitors. The Saurian remains from the brick pits in the Kimmeridge Clay
are a remarkable series of bones of Icthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus, Pliosaurus,
Steneosaurus, and many others. ‘Che most remarkable example of
all, a turtle, named after its discoverer, was represented only by a
photograph, as the original is on loan to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.).
Lhe Paleolithic flints comprise a few, which are specially interesting as
being from new sites in the Swindon neighbourhood. ‘The Neolithic series
is large, with many fine specimens from Windmill Hill, Avebury, Aldbourne,
Ogbourne, &c. Of the Bronze Age there are drinking cups, urns, and
incense cups, from burials at Swindon and elsewhere in N. Wilts, and good
Wiltshire examples of celts, palstaves, spear heads, &c.; of the Komano-
British period, a considerable variety of remains from Wanborough,
Westlecott, and other sites ; with a few of the Saxon period. Medizval
encaustic tiles, swords of the seventeenth and later centuries, a few choice
specimens of Oriental and English porcelain, slip ware, and delft, (amongst
the latter a magnificent example of Bristol Delft, in the shape of a large
covered posset pot of the seventeenth century), fine old wine glasses, and
many other objects, including Egyptian antiquities, make up a remarkable
collection,in which everyone found something to suit his own particular taste.
The Annual Dinner, held at the Goddard Arms Hotel, was largelyattended,
but there were not so many present at the evening meeting which followed,
at the Town Hall, as there were the preceding year at Warminster, the
number on the first evening being fifty-four. ‘The Mayor, Alderman Reuben
George, welcomed the Society to Swindon in a speech which dwelt on the
value of the study of the past and the lessons to be learned from it, to a
comparatively new community like Swindon. Swindon had need of all the
knowledge that the Society could give it. The President, in his reply, said
that the Society was not accustomed to be go warinly received, and he
thanked the Mayor for his welcome and for the high ideal that he had held
up before the Society.
Mr. O. G. S. Crawford, F.S.A., then gave an important address! on
the unpublished drawings by Stukeley which he had lately discovered at
Dinmore Court, more especially in their bearing on Avebury and on the
questionof the existence of the Beckhampton Avenue, illustrating his remarks
by a number of photographic fac-similes of the plans. Stukeley never
published any plan of the Beckhampton Avenue—but amongst these
drawings and unpublished plans is one of this avenue, showing every stone
that existed in Stukeley’s days (probably the plan was drawn in 1723). In
all thirty-four stones are shown, of which all but three had then fallen.
Of the three then standing Adam and Eve, or the Devil’s Quoits, at Long-
stone Cove, near Beckhampton, are the survivors. ‘here are also accurate
plans of the Kennet Avenue and of the circles at Avebury. This new
evidence of the existence of the Beckhampton Avenue, whether it is con-
sidered conclusive or not, will have to be taken into consideration in all
future acconnts of Avebury.
we
‘A summary of this address is printed in The Wiltshire Gazette, Aug.
3rd, 1922.
44 The Siaty-Ninth General Meeting.
Mr. Albany Major followed with some account of the work which he
had just undertaken of tracing the course of Wansdyke through Somerset
to the sea. He believes that he has discovered a number of earthworks in
connection with the dyke which formed camps or stations for the defence
of the rampart, and he suggests that the whole line of Wansdyke in Wiltshire
should be carefully examined with a view to discovering if similar earth-
works exist in this county.
TUESDAY, AUGUST Ist.
Leaving Swindon at 9.30, the first stop on this day’s excursion was at
Uffington Church, where the Vicar, the Rev. E. M. Hadow, gave an
interesting account of what is known of the history of this very remarkable
thirteenth century Church, the architecture of which, with the elaborate
external consecration crosses, suggest, he argued, that it may have been built
by the architect of Salisbury Cathedral. The Rev. E. H. Goddard also
briefly pointed out the various architectural features. Leaving the Church
the party found a heavy shower of rain falling, the only rain during the
meeting that at all interfered with the members’ pleasure.
Proceeding to Kingston Lisle Church, the members were met by the
Vicar, the Rev. A. W. G. Giffard, who supplemented what was said by the
Rev. E. H. Goddard on the points of interest. The wall paintings of the
story of the martyrdom of St. John Baptist, the patron saint, round the
north chancel window aroused much interest. Thence the party walked to
The Blowing Stone, where they were met by Mr. H. W. G. D’Almaine,
F.S.A., of Abingdon, who has paid special attention to the antiquities of
this district. He poured copious cold water on the traditions which have
—thanks chiefly to Tom Hughes, he thought—gathered round the stone,
of its use to summon the forces of Alfred, and thought that its renown
probably dated from the time when the landlord of the “ Blowing Stone
Inn” annexed it as a desirable object of interest. ‘The stone was duly blown
in illustration by a boy in attendance, and one at least of the members
succeeded in eliciting a groan from it. From this point the motors
took the party on to Brimscombe Farm, immediately under the
escarpment, where luncheon, at which over fifty members were present,
had been laid in a barn, by the kind consent of the tenant, the provisions
having come from Newbury. After lunch a drive of half-a-mile or so along
the ‘“‘Ichnield Way” brought the party to the foot of the trackway up
which they walked to the White Horse, and on to Uffington Camp
above. Here Mr. D’Almaine gave an interesting talk. With regard to the
Horse, he did not believe in its attribution to Alfred, and could find no
ground for the current idea that the Horse was the badge of the Saxons.
He suggested that the Horse was really not a Saxon but a Pre-Roman or
Late Celtic monument, and, in support of his belief, exhibited a number of
photographs, showing the dismembered horse on Late Celtic gold coins,
the degenerate copies of the stater of Philip of Macedon, and claimed that
the white horse with its curious disjointed limbs is a copy of the similar
horse on the coins. There is much to be said for this contention. As to the
camp Mr. D’Almaine contended that these camps were placed intentionally
The Sixty-Ninth General Meeting. 45
at distances of one day’s march from each other throughout the country,
and were thus in some way connected with oneanother. Mrs. Cunnington
thought nothing useful could be said as to the age of camps until they had
been properly explored with the spade. As to the curious circular flat-
topped mound below the White Horse, she said that it was obviously
artificially scarped round the sides, and levelled on\the top, and she suggested
that the name sometimes given to it, of “‘ Uffington Castle,” as distinguished
from ‘“ Uffington Camp,” really preserves the true tradition of its purpose,
that of a Norman “ Motte.” Mr. O. G. S. Crawford, F.S.A., then drew
attention to two or three small sarsens showing in the side of the rampart
of the camp, inside the ditch, placed there, as he believed, to prevent the
slipping of the chalk bank.
From the camp the members walked along the Ridgeway to Wayland’s
Smithy, where, again, Mr. D’Almaine gave an address that was much
appreciated, on chambered tumuli in general, and Wayland’s Smithy in
particular, explaining the plan of the monument, and giving an account of
what was done in the recent excavations, for which he was chiefly responsible,
in the way of making the structure so much more intelligible than it was
before. He announced that the Smithy had just been handed over by the
owner to the nation. He hoped that it would not be necessary to enclose
it, but if people persisted in lighting fires against the stones and chipping
pieces off, it would have to be done.
The weather had cleared, and the sun came out for the very pleasant
walk along the Ridgeway 46 the Smithy, with the down flowers in full
bloom, and back to the nearest roadway, where the motors were waiting to
take the members down the hill to the Ichnield Way, and so along that
very picturesque road to Little Hinton Church, which was described
by the Rev. KE. H. Goddard. The next item on the programme was tea on
the adjoining Rectory lawn, most hospitably provided by the Rector, the
Rev. C. E. Perkins, and his sister. To some of the members the charming
little dell at the back of the Rectory garden, wherein a large collection of
ferns flourish as one could hardly think it possible they should flourish in
Wiltshire, was not the least interesting thing seen during the day. As
there was plenty of time in hand at this point, it was decided to stop and
inspect the interesting Church of Wanborough, on the way home,
Here Mr. Goddard described the building and the Rev. C. F. Burgess added
further information. This done, members returned to the cars and reached
Swindon at 6.15.
The evening meeting at the Town Hall began with an address on ‘“‘ The
Geology of Swindon,” by Mr. W. R. Bird, illustrated with a number of
slides of the Saurians whose remains have been so abundantly found in the
Kimmeridge Clay of the brickworks at Swindon, and other extinct mon-
sters. Mr. A. D. Passmore followed with an address on ‘‘ Recent
work at the Devil’s Den, and Archzological Discoveries in the
Avebury District,” illustrated with a large series of excellent slides
showing the progress of the work at the Devil’s Den, and views of a num-
ber of standing stones, remains of circles, and lines of sarsens on the downs
recently noted by Mr. Passmore, but hitherto undescribed, as well as the
garsen known as the “ Templar’s Bath” at Temple, and the stone in the
46 The Siaty-Ninth General Meeting.
Cove at Avebury, which he contends has a worked surface. Some dis-
cussion arose as to Mr. Passmore’s contention that the ditch at Avebury
was intended to be filled, and was as a matter of fact, filled with water.
The ordinary water level of the wells at Avebury, he said, was only 25ft.
from the surface, and that would mean that a ditch 30ft. deep would have
5{t. of water in it. Against this Mr. Goddard urged the fact that no sign
of silt or mud on the bottom of the ditch had been found in the recent ex-
cavations, but that on the contrary there was chalk rubble of some size
right down on the original bottom of the ditch. Moreover, the inevitable
result of a wet ditch would have been that it could not have been kept
cleared out, and masses of debris from the precipitous sides would have
fallen into the water and choked up the ditch, whereas a dry ditch could
be kept clear of this. he President, too, could not accept the wet ditch
theory, no water stood in the ditch during any of the recent excavations.
Mr. Crawford, on the other hand, thought that if Mr. Passmore’s levels were
right, as he believed they were, theoretically water ought to have stood
in-the ditch, but so far as the evidence went it did not, he could not
say why. As regards the Devil’s Den Mr. P. Williams asked whether the
Dolmen stood on the original surface or on a raised artificial mound. Mr.
Passmore replied that it stood some 3ft. above the original chalk on soil of
a different colour and nature from that outside the limits of the barrow,
and that he was persuaded this was made ground. On the other hand Mrs.
Cunnington suggested that perhaps this was really a portion of the original
surface of the valley above the chalk which had been scarped and retained
as the nucleus of the barrow, all the similar soil (such as is often found in
the bottom of a valley) having been peeled off (as on a larger scale hap-
pened at Silbury) and piled up to form the barrow. As to many of the
lines of sarsens on the Downs, Mr. Passmore thought that they probably
dated from Romano-british times and were formed by the stones being
cleared off the cultivated fields and dragged to the side to be out of the
way of the plough. Mr. Goddard remarked that precisely the same thing
was being done continually to-day on arable land on the chalk. Tea and
coffee were again provided by the Mayor and Corporation.
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 2np.
Leaving Swindon again at 9.30 the procession of cars made for Ingle-
sham, the first point on the programme. The Church here came asa
surprise to almost everyone present, for it is one of the very few Churches in
England which remains in an entirely wnrestored condition, and contains,
small as it is, admirable examples of work of the 13th century, with fine
woodwork in the screens, the Jacobean pulpit, and reading desk, and old
square pews. Its present condition is by no means the result of neglect,
but rather of the loving care which of late years, at least, has carefully
preserved and avoided anything in the shape of “restoration” or replace-
ment of old or damaged work by new. The result is that at this moment
it remains an untouched and almost unique example of what the parish
Churches of England were like at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
For this the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings and the late
The Sixty-Ninth General Mecting. AT
Mr. Micklethwaite, who advised on the necessary work of repair and
| preservation many years ago, deserve the thanks of all who are interested
in the history and architecture of our country Churches. Lying a little
distance off the main road, and practically invisible from it, it has escaped
| the notice of travellers between Highworth and Lechlade. It lies, how-
ever, close to the bank of the Thames, and of late years boating parties up
the river from Lechlade have become popular. Whether this has any
| connection with the deplorable fact that the Church has suffered of late
| years from the depredations of marauding visitors, is not known, but the
_ sad fact remains that pieces of the carved work of the screens have been
_ broken off and carried away on several occasions, to the irreparable damage
) of the woodwork. In such a case as this the only cure seems to be to lock
| up the Church, objectionable as in principle the locked-up Church is. The
|
Rev. E. H. Goddard described the building to the members. The Vicar,
the Rev. F. J. W. Girling, was unable to be present owing to illness, but
his son very kindly pointed out several very interesting matters which had
quite lately come to light, including what appears to be a portion of a
painted reredos.
Leaving Inglesham and crossing the Thames into Gloucestershire by
Lechlade Bridge, the party stopped next at Lechlade Church, where the
| Vicar, the Rev. Rk. G. P. Brownrigg, gave an interesting account of the
history and architecture of the Church. A further drive brought the
members to Fairford Church, the principal object of the day’s excursion.
Arriving here at 11.50, the party was met by the Vicar, Canon Jones, who
most kindly put himself at their disposal both before and after lunch,
giving first an admirable sketch of the history of the Church and the glass
and then explaining each window in turn in careful detail, as the members
passed round the Church. It is seldom that the society has the good for-
| tune to listen to so clear and excellent an exposition, even in the case of
a building of such unique interest as this Church, which retains its original
| glass as it was in Pre-Reformation days, certainly in a more perfect con-
dition than any other Parish Church in England, and probably more per-
| fectly than any other in Europe. At one o’clock the members drove down
| to “The Retreat,” on the outskirts of the town, where, in a tent erected on
| the lawn, they were entertained, to the number of 76, by Dr. and Mrs, King
| Turner, with quite astonishing generosity and kindness, the special menu
printed for the occasion reminding the company that this year is the cen-
| tenary of the foundation of the asylum over which Dr. King Turner pre-
sides. The society has probably never enjoyed more sumptuous hospitality
in the whole course of its history. After the President had expressed the
| Society’s gratitude, members drove back to the Church, and spent the time
until 8 o’clock in examining the windows and other features of the Church
in greater detail. ‘They then left for Cricklade St. Mary’s Church,
walking up the street afterwards to S. Sampson’s, both buildings being
shortly described by the Rev. E. H. Goddard. Leaving Cricklade at 4.30,
| about 20 minutes’ drive brought the party to Purton, where they were
| entertained most kindly at tea by Mrs. Walsh, at the beautiful old Manor
House, which, with its great barn, groups so strikingly with the closely-
| adjoining Church. After tea the Church was visited, the Rev. E. H.
48 The Sizty-Ninth General Meeting.
Goddard again acting as guide, and pointing out its many points of interest
including the Golden Book, or Roll of Honour, recently placed in the
Church, a perfect example of modern illumination. From this point the
motors returned to Swindon and the meeting came to an end. Again the
society had been fortunate in the weather, for the day was dry though
cloudy until a slight shower fell as Swindon was reached in the evening.
Our society has somewhat of a reputation amongst kindred societies for the
punctuality and exactness with which sits programmes are carried out, a
reputation which is owing entirely to Capt. Cunnington’s minute and care-
ful organisation beforehand. This reputation was sustained throughout
the meeting and proceedings were carried out strictly according to scheduled
time. Everyone was pleased with the meeting, the weather was quite kind
on the whole, and the very satisfactory balance of £13 13s. remained after
all expenses had been paid.
49
_ NOTES ON FIELD-WORK IN N. WILTS, 1921—1922.
| By A. D. Passmore.
- Unrecorded Long Barrow on Horton Down, Bishop’s Cannings,!
‘O.M. Sheet XXXV.N.W. Parish of Bishop’s Cannings. Horton Down.
Height 700. On the west side of this sheet towards the top is the well-
known square earthwork (Smith EK. VII. A.), alongside which is a pond.
‘Standing by the latter and facing 5° W. of S., at 250 yards distance, is a long
‘barrow hitherto unrecorded. Immediately east of Brown’s Barn is a modern
‘corrugated iron erection, from here the barrow is conspicuous on the sky
line looking slightly N. of E. (all bearings magnetic). The barrow is 132
feet long by 36 feet broad, and roughly 3 feet high, and is now on the open
‘grass down. There are several slight hollows along the highest part and
‘in the 8. end is a square pit, apparently dug down to the old surface level,
‘with two small sarsens in it. The true bearing of the long axis of the
‘barrow is 4° west of north, practically N. and S. ‘The northern end is
aif anything slightly higher than the other. There are only the slightest
traces of side trenches, but the absence of these appendages is no proof that
a mound is not a long barrow.
| New Long Barrow at Liddington. O.M. XXIII. N.E. Parish of
‘Liddington. In the left-hand top corner of this sheet the 700 foot contour is
ttongue-shaped and almost equally divided by the Liddington—Wanborough
‘parish boundary. On the highest point of this ridge is an unrecorded long
‘barrow, now measuring 165 feet long by 42 feet wide, and 5 feet high at the
'S.end, thelongeraxis being rudely S.E.—N.W. (Exactly 40 degrees E. of
‘S. magnetic). The mound has been much narrowed at its extremities by
‘repeated ploughing and the centre portion has several hollows indicative of
‘former excavation. Towards the 8. end is a large sarsen stone showing
above the turf, while at intervals towards the N. are others of smaller size.
On the east side of the tumulus isa fence, in digging the post-holes for which
'{about 1890) three skeletons were found. A few years later a shepherd
| found another, several bones of which came into the writer’s collection and
'have lately been examined by Professor Parsons, of the University of
| London, who reports as follows:—“ The bones submitted to me by Mr.
_ Passmore were those of an adult male. The only complete bones were a
_right humerus and a right tibia, which latter measured 360 mm. without
the spine. This should give a total height of 164 ¢c.m., or about 5ft. 43in.
There is a facet on the front of the lower end of the tibia, known as a
-Squatting facet, showing that the individual was in the habit of squatting on
the ground. The bones are those of a not particularly muscular individual
and do not suggest the clean lines and perfect symmetry which I have
learned to associate with Anglo-Saxons. I see nothing to make me think
that these bones may not have been those of a Neolithic long barrow man,
, but the absence of the skull and teeth makes the question a difficult one to
decide.” ?
— .
| 1 The references throughout these notes are to the six inch Ordnance Maps.
* These bones have been presented to St. Thomas’s Hospital.
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXXXVII. E
|
50 Notes on Field-work in N. Wilts, 1921—1922.
Oolitic Stones in Long Barrow, Bishop’s Cannings (65, —
Goddard). While examining this barrow a patch of loose earth in its
south side was noticed to contain fragments of Oolitic stone foreign to the —
neighbourhood. One thin slab, roughly six inches square, was obtained |
and consists of a fossiliferous rock exceedingly like, if not identical with, —
the shelly coralline limestone which occurs to the west of this spot. the |
nearest point being at Calne, just over five miles in a straight line. Similar _
stone was noticed by Thurnam in excavating the long barrow at West —
Kennett. These facts raise the question as to why the long barrow people |
should have gone so far for stone when there was plenty of good chalk
rubble close at hand? It seems that some long barrows were edged by
lines of stones between which were connecting walls of dry construction to
contain the mound. Chalk rubble, which occurs in lumps, was not so
suitable for the purpose as the thin slabs of Oolite. Perhaps the example
of the neatly-walled long barrows of Gloucestershire was followed in
emulation.
New Long Barrow at Avebury (Barrow 21, Goddard). Quoted
as a round barrow by Smith, is close to the remains of a stone circle and is —
a distinct long barrow with the broadest and highest end to the S.S.W.: on |
each side are very broad but shallow hollows which, together with the |
mound, have been nearly obliterated by the plough. It now measures 150 ©
feet by 60 feet. The circle above mentioned, which I propose to call |
Falkner’s circle, in honour of its discoverer, has only one stone now re- |
maining. ‘This must have been on the west side, as it agrees with Falkner’s
measurements from the Kennett Avenue.
we SF gm
iv
pO:
Standing Stone at Stanton Fitzwarren. O.M. Sheet XI., N.W.
N.E. of the Church about 400 yards, in a hedgerow by the footpath leading |
from the village to the Highworth—Swindon Road, stands a large sarsen |
stone 4 feet 6 inches above ground. Itisa rough brown stone in its natural
state, and erected with its bigger end downwards. In September, 1920,
permission having been obtained by Mr. W. H. Masters, he, together with ©
Mr. A. J. Jones and the writer, excavated the base of the stone on its S. side, |
and partly explored the ground to the east and west. The base was found
resting on the natural rock at 2 feet below the surface. With the exception
of one doubtful bit of pottery, nothing was found, but a few flint flakes
occurred at a small distance away. As the only people who erected large
isolated stones were the prehistoric megalith builders (as far as we know),
we must attribute this stone and the two following to that age. It is
mentioned in Goddard’s “List of Wilts Antiquities” and W. Morris’s
‘Marston and Stanton.”
Standing Stones at West Overton. O.M. XXVIII.,S.E. Inthe
right-hand top corner of this sheet is “ Down Barn”: immediately south of |
this in a hedgerow are two large unrecorded standing stones. Their |
direction is 25 EK. of N. The larger stone is to the south and stands 7 feet |
2 inches clear of the ground. The east face is 4 feet 2 inches wide at the |
base, but rapidly falls away to 9 inches at the top. The N.andS. faces are
By A. D. Passmore, 51
)} feet 8 inches wide at the ground level and remain of the same size till
iearly to the top, when it narrows rapidly to 14 inches. The N. stone is
) feet high, and irregularly oblong in section: E. face, 3 feet 3 inches; N.
ace 2 feet 6 inches. ‘I'his stone is in its natural state, but the other is part
fa larger stone. These monoliths may have been part of a circle or
eristalith of a long barrow and owe their survival to their position in the
1edgerow, the others making way for the plough, which has passed on both
ides for many years.
Manton Downs. O.M. Sheet XXVIII, N.E. In the centre of this
sheet and 500 yards N.W. of the Manton Chambered Long Barrow on Dog
dill, stands “Four Acre Plantation,” bounded by an earthen bank and
litch, the latter outwards. ‘The straight N. side and the whole of the W.
md are set with closely-packed large sarsens like a wall, those on the W.
ide extending somewhat beyond the earthwork. Stukeley mentions an
jarthwork set with stones to the east of Avebury. This is probably what
e refers to. There are no indications as to age or purpose. The numerous
mall lines and squares on these downs seem to be the results of cultivation
4 Romano-British times.
New Stone in the Kennett Avenue. During the drought of 1921
' examined the whole of the Kennett Avenue with the idea of tracing
uried stones. One large patch of burnt grass indicated a stone below the
urface, alongside the Bath Road and FE. of East Kennett. A bar immediately
roved the presence of alarge stone. This is to be excavated at some future
Ime when the crops permit. Above and E of this spot, near the site of the
i
janctuary, and in the line of the avenue, a large stone was struck by the
lough about 1890. This was dragged out by horses and deposited in a
_ abbish pit at the 8.K. corner of the field, where it remains to-day covered up.
i
| Overton Delling. O.M. Sheet XXVIII, N.E. On the west of the
alley N. of Piggledean and 650 yards slightly W. of S. from the keeper’s
| ew at “ Overton Delling” a small valley runs towards Avebury. At theen-
_ tance to this valley stands a large stone 14 feet by 12 feet, and very thick,
if |
iq
bviously not in a natural position. Just above it stood another of very
ge size, unfortunately broken up during the war. After a careful ex-
mination of the ground I conclude that these stones were on their way to
.vebury, but not being required were abandoned en route. As the stones
ff Avebury are the largest in the district there can be no doubt that they
vere selected for their size, and no doubt some came from the “ Valley of
| |tones,” which is the most important drift of sarsens. As the only easy
{
Sh
ray out of the main valley is by the small lateral one above mentioned,
he suggestion that these large stones were on their way to Avebury seems
\fair one. An old man who has broken sarsens all his life tells me that
a Avebury the largest stone he has ever seen was six paces (about 18
et) long.
52
NOTES oN FIELD-WORK ROUND AVEBURY, a
oie
|
By O. G. 8. Crawrorp, F.S.A.
|
The first work undertaken was at the remains of the Long Barrow in ‘hi
field immediately north of Beckhampton House (Avebury 17 in Mall
Cunnington’s list, W.A.J/,, xxxviii., 384). I had with me a photograph of
Stukeley’s ‘Tab. XXIV. p. 46 f Gin). which he describes as a ‘‘ Prospect |) |
of Bekampton Avenue from Longston Long Barrow, 1724.” Theprospect has
altered greatly since then; there were only four houses at Beckhampton, | :
the Waggon and Horses public house on the N. side of the Bath Road, and |
three houseson the south. Trees have grown so that it is now ions = to |
see the tower of Avebury Church. The most interesting discovery was that | :
of a hitherto unrecorded long barrow 430 feet E.S.E. of the south-western |
Longstone. This barrow is marked on the old MS. (2 inches to a mile) | |
edition of the 1 inch O.S. map (dated 1815). I had already transferred its
position from the MS. map at Southampton to my own 6 inch map (Sheet|
28 S.W.), and after visiting the Long Stones, had inspected it and entered)
it as “ probably the remains of a Long Barrow.” It was oriented approxi: | |
mately N.W.—S.E., but the S.E. extremity has been destroyed by the}
modern road (enliea “South Street” by Stukeley) from Avebury Trusloe)p
to Penning Barn. On working out the details of Stukeley’s panorama from
the Long Stone Long Barrow I found that, exactly where this new longi
barrow is situated, he marks a high mound ang on the right (S. or S.E.) i |
it, five upright stones. These stones were doubtless the remains of the}
peristalith. This is clearly the “ King-barrow” described on p. 44 as‘ ‘nell
Longstone Cove set round with stones.” Its truncation by South Streel| .
doubtless led Stukeley to regard it as round, though he says that ‘“ king!
barrows vary in their turn and shape as well as magnitude.” |
No signs of the stones marked by him immediately below and to the left
of the Long Stone Long Barrow could be seen ; but I was able to plot thei
approximate site on the 6 inch map. ‘They must have stood immediately fi
the south of the cross-roads at B.M. 538.1, about half-way between the Lon)
Stones themselves and the Long Stone Long Barrow. The twostones “ de;
molished by Rd. Fowler,” which Stukeley places “at the crossing of the tw
roads,” would appear to have stood on or close to the site of the house on th|
“non side of the Bath Road, opposite Beckhampton Houseand garden. (Th,
shrubbery on the south side next to the Devizes Road is called Cuckoo Pe}
on the Tithe Map of Avebury, 1845). The identification of these last fo '
stones, however,depends on the position of the cross-roads ; and if, as is quit
likely, the roads were much wider in 1724, the positions suggested aboy;
will be slightly erroneous. These positions involve a rather sharp bend |
the south in the avenue—sharper than the Overton bend of the eastel|
avenue, but at exactly the same distance from the Avebury terminus. O}
the north side of the Devizes Road, at the corner of the field 120 feet E.N.])
of spot-level 506, is an upright sarsen stone possibly connected with tl}
Notes on Field-work round Avebury, December, 1921. 53
venue, though far smaller than the Long Stones. Stukeley’s last stone
‘ould appear to have been close to spot-level 506, but the foreshortening
f his view makes a close approximation difficult. A later visit enabled
1e to identify ‘Tab. XXV.” as made from a spot in the ploughed field a
uarter of a mile due west of Beckhampton House. Rays drawn from this
‘pot and from the Longstone Long Barrow intersect exactly at the spot
‘here the small sarsen still stands and confirm the suggested termination
'f the avenue near spot-level 506 and also the positions of the other stones.
Avebury, Barrow 47. (E. H. Goddard’s list, W.A.Jf,, xxxviii, 180).
‘he site of this barrow is marked on Sheet 28 N.W., half-a- ate due corn
f the top of Windmill Hill, 430 feet S.W. of BM. 558°4. On the MS.
inch map of 1815 it is men ed by the symbol used for long barrows (the
ame as that employed by Colt Hoare). It is still plainly visible, being
bout 150 feet long, though much ploughed down. It is 1700 feet N.W. of
Torslip Bridge, and is certainly that referred to by Stukeley as a “ con-
jderable long barrow of a large bulk, length, and height ; it regards the
nake Head Temple though here not in sight ” (quoted in Mrs. Cunnington’s
jst under “ Stukeley’s description of Long Barrows round Avebury” and
hown in the distance in Stukeley’s Tab. XVIII., p. 34). I tested the
‘rientation on the spot, which exactly agrees with Stukeley’ s description ;
he barrow points towards Overton Hill, which is hidden behind Waden
(all.
| There are no signs whatever of A. C. Smith’s barrow east of the last
goddard 47a.)
| Barrows near Fox Covert, Sheets 27 S.E. and 28S.W. The group
barrows occurring partly on each of these sheets immediately S. and 8.W.
f Fox Covert (Goddard's “Avebury, 10—16” W.A.M. xxxviii., 176,)
5 evidently the same as that shown by Stukeley in his ‘Tab. XXIX., p. 56
-a group of barrows on the side of the valley above Pecan pron” He
ndicates ten in all, four large and six small. This is the number shown
yy Colt Hoare (Abury and Silbury), Plate 10, Nos. 1—10). Eight are now
isible—the westernmost by powdery white soil and a slight mound,
thers by chocolate soil contrasting with the black natural soil.
| Stukeley’s ‘Tab. IX., p. 16.” This view shows the Roman Road
yest of the point where it crosses the Beckhampton—Devizes Road. The
ow of black smudges shown on each side of it are the pits from which the
halk for the causeway was obtained. These can still be seen here in the
rable, but are much clearer where the down is unploughed further west.
n Stukeley’s drawing two other pits occur inside the circle of a ‘ Druid’s
famulus,” or dise-barrow, which has now been entirely ploughed away.
his disc-barrow is marked on the old MS. 2 inch map of 1815 on the south
_|de of the Roman Road, 1500 feet west of the point where it crosses the
ieckhampton— Devizes Road. It is also marked asa circular bank 200
set in diameter, on the first edition of the 6 inch map (Sheet 27, 1889), and
rom this the site will be replaced on the new edition now being prepared.
| Stukeley’s “cut barrow,” which is shown on the north side of the Roman
54 Notes on Kield-work round Avebury, December, 1921.
Road opposite the disc-barrow, is Goddard’s Avebury 8a. Stukeley}
description shows that it was opened before his time, and signs of thi
opening are still visible though filled in. 1t is now planted with beeche
and crowned by an upright boundary stone. It is not marked on Sheet
S.E. (edition of 1900).
‘Old Chapels.” Stukeley (Abury, 47, 48) describes three sites calle
by this name :— il
(1) Near Glory Ann.
(2) ‘‘ Upon the declivity of Hakpen, towards Winterburne Basset,
(3) “In Beckhampton town.” ;
(1) The position of the “old chapel” near Glory Ann is fixed byt
Richard Colt Hoare’s map (Ancient Wilts, between pp. 34 and 35) wh
shows an earthwork with an opening in its 8.W. side. This agrees exae
with Stukeley’s ‘‘one entrance on the south-west side towards Abury . +
The situation of the place is high [actually it is 800 feet above O. J).] am
has a descent quite round three of its sides; the verge of the descent 1
closing it like a horseshoe.” If we identify Balmore Pond (p. 48) with fl
largest (westernmost) of the two ponds south of the barn at Glory Ann, :
I am strongly inclined to do, Hoare’s position is confirmed. On the N.¥
of Old Chapel was what must have been in Stukeley’s time a very fil
chambered long barrow. ‘This is marked on the old O.S. MS. map of 181
and it can still be seen as a low mound, almost ploughed away. In additig
the same map marks a round barrow here. ‘Traces of this cannot be sal
with certainty to be visible now; but besides the long barrow there are}
the field undulations which are probably the remains of it and of the eartl
works of Old Chapel. Every one of the large stones has vanished.
(2) The “Old Chapel” east of Winterbourne Basset is probably, |
Smith suggests (p. 121, H.ii. b.), the earthwork at the foot of Winterbour
Down (OS., Sheet 22. S.E.), quarter-mile south of the sixth milestone (
the Marlborough Road. (Goddard’s list, W.A.J., xxxviil., p. 356).
(3) The Beckhampton “Old Chapel” seems to have been close to #
cross-roads, but Stukeley describes no earthworks there. A grass field
|
the south is very hummocky and suggestive of medizeval occupation. |
WS
Mill Barrow and Shelving Stones. The site of the Shelvil
Stones is marked, on the old MS. O.S. map of 1815 on the north side of t
track from West Field Barn to Winterbourne Monkton, quarter-mile N!
of the Church. This agrees very closely with the site of Mill Barrow)
Smith’s map (F. 1. f.), but on the old O.S. map the Shelving Stor
are marked by the symbol adopted there for long barrows. I have nott
slightest doubt that (as Hoare suggested, A.W. II., 94) the Shelving Sto
were simply the uprights of the burial-chamber of a Long Barrow. W1)
is probably one of them still survives in the north side of the hedge of 1)
field immediately opposite the position where the long barrow is shown)
the old O.S. map. It is that on which B.M. 544°4 has been cut (Sheet!
N.W.). Not the faintest trace of the mound can now be seen. I was
one time inclined to think that Millbarrow and the Shelving Stone w
the same; but am now very doubtful whether this is the case.
——
¢ *
t rY (SR
rf i]
’ ?
eS |
.\
See
4° Us
5 ’
f
|
a
x ¢
caus”
ome
4 &
4 1
a ]
v
Sa 5C
ome
é a
t A
4
M ¢
Saez
= 1
ome
) x
os
4 t]
ow
0 5 1
Plan of the Pennings Circle, Avebury, 1922.
Stones are shown in solid black and depressions in the grass
where stones may have stood by broken circles
By 0, GS. Crawford, P.S.A. o 450
Goddard says :—“I do not think the Shelving Stone and Millbarrow are
the same at all. Stukeley figures both; and Long (W.A.JM/,, iv., 334)
describes (1) Millbarrow (2) the large sarsens removed by Mr. Eyles ; and
then (3) the Shelving Stone ; andsays : ‘ This, too, has been removed within
a few years.’ Clearly I think he regarded these as three separate monu-
ments. Smith marks and describes them as separate: F. IIT. (e) Shelving
Stone, (f) Millbarrow, and (g) large sarsen stone covering interment; all
apparently being near together.” Stukeley’s unpublished drawings (St.
John MSS.) show that Millbarrow was near the site of the Shelving Stone,
whose exact siteis fixed by the one and two-inch O.S. map. It would thus
appear that there were two chambered long barrows here in close proximity.
| Hoare’s reference to Millbarrow! may possibly refer to the remains of a
flat round barrow on the hill (Goddard, Winterbourne Bassett, I.d.) one
‘mile S.E. of Winterbourne Bassett, half in Berwick Bassett. That
portion of the hill which lies in the former parish is called “ Millboro and
|Hackpen” on the Tithe Map of 1843; and that which lies in Berwick
Bassett is called ‘‘ Mill Brow” on the Tithe Map of 1838.
| Small Stone Circle. I hunted in vain for the “ diminutive cromlech ”
on Avebury Down described by Smith (p. 150, XI., H. 5, n.) and referred
‘to in Goddard’s List (W.A.M., xxxvili., p. 183). Itseems to have disappeared
completely. But I was more. successful in my search for the small circle
excavated by Merewether (Proc. Arch. Inst., Salisbury, p. 106). This is
‘the one which Smith says he was unable to find, but which he marks on
‘his map pretty close to its true position (H. 1V., 5, p.134). It isin Avebury
‘parish, amongst the grey wethers between Avebury Down Barn and Monkton
Penning,? 2000 feet E. by N. of the well at Avebury Down Barn, and 2400
feet due south of a large upright sarsen. ‘The stones of the circleare actually
‘marked on the Ordnance Map by four sarsens placed close together im-
‘mediately south of the “y” in “Grey Wethers,” Sheet 28, N.W.); and on
the 25 inch map, where the large scale permits it they are shown as a circle.
‘The circle* stands on the brow of a low bluff and consists of at least six
1
|
_ | After speaking of “the kistvaen in Monkton fields, mentioned by
‘Stukeley, and known by the name of Shelving Stone,” Hoare continues :
“On an adjoining hill retaining the name of Millbarrow, from a windmill
|placed on it, there was formerly a barrow, but it is now levelled nearly to
ithe ground ” (A.W. IL, 94).
_ ? This old enclosure is marked on the Ordnance Map (Sheet 28, N.W.)
without its name, which is given on the 1815 edition. It was in existence
in Stukeley’s time. It lies about a mile east of the village of Winterbourne
-|Monkton, immediately east of Hackpen Barn, and consists of two large
fields enclosed by hedges. ‘he area within contains many fine cultivation
\|banks of the Romano-British type. As its name implies, it was a cattle
or sheep enclosure. The word “penning” is the modern equivalent of
the Old English “pen,” which occurs in Hackpen itself.
*It is that figured by Stukeley, Jéin. Cur., ii. (1746), Plate 92. “A
Celtic Temple at Winterbourne, 22 Aug., 1723.” Eight stones are shown.
!
36 Notes on Field-work round Avebury, December, 1921,
large sarsens, placed mostly on the south and west, surrounding a low
mound. The holes of at least- three other sarsens are visible on the cir-
cumference. In the centre are traces of a central stone no longer visible,
The diameter of the circle is about six paces. It closely resembles the —
circle at Kennet recently discovered by Mr. Passmore. A fragment of
Samian ware was found by Merewether immediately under the flat central
sarsen, and lower down fragments of “ British” pottery, animals’ bones,
flint scrapers, and flakes.
Hollow Ways. Between the upright sarsens and the circle runs a
most remarkable wide sunken trench, with some remains of a bank on each
side with sarsens set in it. The stone rows are incomplete but unmistakable, _
and there are many stone-holes; they are even visible from the arrangement
of the sarsen symbols on the 6 inch map. ‘The hollow way—as I take it to
be—first begins to be plainly visible at a point 700 feet N.E. of the circle, |
It runs south- westwards and is very clear indeed crossing the 8.E. corner of
the field in which Avebury Down Barn stands. After leaving this field if
turns sharply southwards, and is lost in the plough immediately N.W. of |
the westernmost barrow on “ Five Barrows Hill.”
Another equally ancient hollow way crosses the one just described on the
field boundary, at a point N. by W. of the westernmost barrow. It can be |
traced westwards only 700 feet, to the hedge running south from Avebury |
Down Barn. LEastwards, however, it can be followed almost without 4
break for a mile and three quarters nearly as far as Old Totterdown. [If
climbs Hackpen between three barrows (Goddard, Avebury 41, 42, 43)
and a modern pond, where its true character—of a track—is clearly seen
It then enters Sheet 28 N.E., passing to the south of an unmarked barrow
and is marked “ditch” on the Ordnance Map. Down to the bottom of the
next valley (where it ends on the Ordnance Survey Map of 1901) it can be
followed quite easily. At the bottom of the valley it passes to the north
of two large circular depressions, probably ancient ponds. Both of them
have the appearance of greatage. The northernmost is 22 paces in diametet
from north to south. The south (or lower) side is embanked and on the em
bankment area number of large sarsens piled up. As the hollow way climbs |
the hill towards Totterdown its age and character become most apparent
This beautiful hillside has never been disturbed since the Romano-British |
people abandoned their small rectangular fields, whose balks, set with sar
sens, still line the slopes. The hollow track passes between these lynches or
cultivation banks, respecting them and obviously contemporary with them |
It is impossible for anyone walking up this ancient lane to doubt for a
moment that itis part and parcel of the same system as the fields on each side
The lynches find a natural termination against the old track, which thread
its way between the fields like a modern lane through enclosures, Its,
characteristic section is that of a fairly broad flat depression between two |
low banks. ‘The eastern objective of this road is uncertain ; but the wester
would appear to have been Windmill Hill, to which the portion south ¢
Avebury Down Barn points directly. If this portion were prolonged
would come into line with the boundary between Avebury and Winterbourn |
Monkton where that boundary crosses the Kennet; and would follow i
i
5!
¥2
By 0. G. 8. Crawford, FS.A. 57
past the line of four barrows to the circular entrenchment round the top.
Though this old track in its present form must be ascribed to the Early
Iron Age civilization, the route followed is the most direct one by which
settlers on Windmill Hill could obtain the flint they used so abundantly
there ; and the track may, therefore, be of much greater antiquity.
It is interesting to note that Dr. Grundy identifies this trackway (where
it is crossed by the parish boundary between Avebury and West Overton)
with the “ditch to the south of Aethelferth’s stone” mentioned in the
bounds of Overton (Birch, Cart. Sax., 734). If this identification is correct
it is very important as evidence that in Saxon times the road had ceased to
be used, and was regarded only as a ditch. Had it been in use it would
certainly have been described as “ hollow way” or “‘herepath.” It is useless
to attempt to identify the actual stone called after Aethelferth, but there
is a large sarsen near the junction of the parishes of Overton, Avebury, and
Winterbourne Monkton, which may have been the one so named.
Lynches on Totterdown. A word more must be said about the
lynches on the slopes of Totterdown. Along the slopes these rows of
sarsens are arranged in an obviously artificial manner, So clear is this that
it has even been noticed by the Ordnance Surveyors, as will be seen in
Sheet 28 N.E. The sarsens follow the boundaries of the old fields both up
and down the hillside and along it. I fancy that they may have been
placed there partly as bound-marks, partly to clear the area within for
cultivation. The edge of a field is still the natural place to deposit ob-
structions to cultivation, both sarsens and large flints. But it is also pos-
sible that a kind of retaining wall may have been constructed to prevent
the soil from being washed down to the valley. Mr. Kendall tells me
that at the foot of Winterbourne Monkton Down he observed a row of
sarsens recently exposed by diggers, standing in a line and clearly placed
there intentionally. Unfortunately they were all broken up. Similar rows
of sarsens may still be seen along the lynches in Monkton Penning. This
explanation would not, of course, account for those rows which run up and
down the hill, where they can only have served the purpose of marking the
limits of the field. Such sarsen “hedges” appear to have been in use in
quite recent times; one such still exists a quarter of a mile north of
Winterbourne Monkton Church, running from the Kennet to a track on
- the west. Another bounds the Ridgeway south of the Kennet crossing
at Hast Kennet. The mountains of Merionethshire are covered with similar
lines of boulders, much overgrown, and in one place closely connected with
a hill-top camp (Pen Dinas). Here, too, there are good reasons for believing
them to be the boundaries of a long-vanished system of enclosures.
To the south of this trackway is another, less ancient, perhaps, but still
of great antiquity. It ran from Avebury to Rockley and was called
‘““herepath” in the tenth century bounds of Overton, already refered to.
It can be followed throughout its course by numerous parallel hollow ways.
South of the point where this “ herepath” crosses the Ridgeway, 90 paces
west of the N.W. corner of Parson’s Penning, is a remarkable depression
about 6 feet deep and 45 feet in diameter. ound its margin are set six
58 Notes on Field-work round Avebury, December, 1921.
upright sarsens, about two to three feet high. It seems to be later than a
cultivation-bank of the Roman-British type, which it cuts across. It has,
however, the appearance of considerable antiquity. Can it be the “ScrowEs
Pir” or the “ CRUNDEL” of the Overton bounds? The land on which it
stands is called Ray Down on Smith’s map.
Old names of the Kennet and its Tributaries. Several names
compounded with ‘“‘ bourne” suggest that in Saxon times the upper waters
of the river Kennet had distinctive and alternative names. The main
stream, rising at Quidhampton Barn, in Wroughton (Sheet 22 N.W.), is
called Gadbourne in the tithe map of Wroughton; the name survives in
Gadbourne Bridge and Cottages, A draining ditch joining it north of
Fiddler’s Hill is called Jugginsbourne. The field-name Lamborne’s Ground
applied to the fields N.W. of Winterbourne Bassett, supplies a name for
the “bourne” which flows occasionally down the valley north of the stone
circle there, joining the main stream south of Rabson Farm. The names
of the parishes of Winterbourne Monkton and Winterbourne Bassett suggest
an alternative generic name for the whole of the Upper Kennet above
Overton ; though it is always a puzzle to me why the term “ winter ” should
be used to qualify streams which are invariably dry up to February or
March and are highest in early summer. ‘lhe stream flowing immediately
south of the boundary between Winterbourne Monkton and Berwick Bassett
west of the Kennet was probably called Gosbourne, the name of a field in
Berwick Bassett on the parish boundary 8.W. of the village and west of the
Kennet. The name of the important tributary rising N.W. of Yatesbury and
joining the Kennet at Avebury, is fortunately preserved in that of a field be-
tween Horslip Bridge and Westbrook Farm (Bray Street),which is Sambourne
Ground on the Avebury Tithe Map. ‘lwo meads higher up on the same
stream are called Bournemead. Other instances of the same pre-Saxon
river name occur near Warminster, between Calne and Chippenham (“bridge
of Sambourne” in the perambulations of Chippenham Forest), at King’s
Somborne, Hants, and in the river Somme. That the name of the Kennet
was also in use for the main stream at East Kennet is proved by its
occurrence (spelt CyNETA) in the Overton'bounds. The traditional source
of the Kennet is at Swallowhead Springs, south of Silbury, and I do not
know of any evidence of the name ever being applied to the river higher up or
its tributaries except on the Ordnance Maps. The nameiitself is, of course,
pre-Saxon, and connected with Cunetio (Mildenhall). That the name “ Sam-
bourne” may even have been an alternative name for the Kennet itself is
suggested by its occurrence as a field-name immediately S. by W. of George
Bridge, in West Overton. Is it possible that we have here evidenee of
linguistic stratification? and that Sam (with its variant Som) is the pree
Celtic name of the stream called CyNrET (or some such similar name) by
the Celtic-speaking peoples, and adopted by the Romans and Saxons? It
would be interesting to know by what name the builders of Silbury called
the stream which flowed at its foot.
Names ending in -Bury. Such names nearly always refer to an
earthwork or (rarely) to a barrow, and it may be useful to put on record
By 0. G4. S, Crawford, FSA. 59
those in this district where no such remains are now known to exist, in the
hope that it may lead to their discovery.
Orsury, in Yatesbury (27 N.E.). Smith’s name for field N. of Noland’s
Farm.
Foxsury. Smith’s name for the field S. W. of the two barrows outside
the village to the S.E. [Perhaps this means only “ foxes’ burrow,” just as
Coneybury is an alternative of Coneygar (gar=garth) meaning “ rabbit
warren.” Fosbury or Foxbury in the West Woods in West Overton is
capable of a similar explanation. |
Laxpury, in Preshute (28 S.E.). (Enclosure map of Manton Tithing,
1792): Lexpury (Tithe map of Preshute, 1847). ‘The field on the south
of the Kennet, quarter mile S.E. of the Ailesbury Arms, Clatford.
Long Barrows S.W. of Avebury. The one described by Thurnam
as “ Bishop’s Cannings” is probably Goddard’s Bishops Cannings 76,
which is clearly along barrow. [‘This suggestion is made by Mrs.Cunnington
in Goddard’s list, but not inher own. ‘The barrow is now easier to see as a
whole than formerly, and Mrs. Cunnington tells me she is quite satisfied
that it isa true long barrow.] It is marked on the Ordnance Map (Sheet
27 S.E.) as a long mound orientated N.E.—S.W., on the south side of the
Beckhampton—Devizes Road, 1000 feet due east of the 6th milestone from
Devizes. It was noticed independently by Mr. Passmore.
Six hundred yards S.W. of the last long barrow, in a group of barrows
on the north side of the road, is one marked as a round barrow (Goddard
Bishops Cannings 23, W.A M., xxxviii.,127). Itis, however, prolonged
into the ploughed field on the S. W., as a long low mound orientated N.E.—
S.W., with a total length of 220 feet. ‘The N.E. end is the highest and
broadest, and has apparently never been ploughed ; it is crossed by an old
boundary bank and ditch running N. and 8., and probably the continuation
of that marked further N. on the map. ‘Three sarsens lie in the field to the
south of the barrow. I strongly suspect this to be a long barrow. Can it
be that referred to by Stukeley (Avebury p. 45) as ‘‘to the 5.W. from
Bekhampton cut through with some later division dyke”? And is he
referring again to this barrow as ‘‘a very long one in the valley from
Bekhampton to Runway Hill”? (Runway Hill used to describe Morgan’s
Hill as well).
The long barrow in Bromham shown on down south of Heddington
Church by Hoare and marked as a round barrow on the Ordnance Map
(Sheet 34 N.W.) probably owes its disappearance to quarrying rather than
ploughing. The whole area is now under plough, but remains of an old
chalk pit can be seen.
Earthworks between Old Shepherd’s Shore and the Roman
Road. The remains at Old Shepherd’s Shore are very confused. Amongst
them is a square mound, later than the dyke and 7 yards long. It might
be contemporary with the dyke. I know, from inspection, of four other
examples of square mounds; two are in Gloucestershire ; one of them,
called ‘St. Paul’s Epistle ” (half-mile W. of Andoversford) was found on
excavation to be be full of Roman coins. The third and fourth examples are
60 Notes on Field-work round Avebury, December, 1921.
the two mounds in Mr. Passmore’s square camp on Sugar Hill. In York-
shire they appear to be more common. In “ Zhe Rivers, Mountains and
Sea-coast of Yorkshire” (John Philips, F.G.S., London, 1853, p. 205), the
author says: ‘‘ All the tumuliat Skipwith and Thorganby are environed by
square fossz, and one of those at Arras, near Weighton, has the same
character.”
Close by on the S.E. is a small tump like the mound in a disc barrow. I
cannot identify the “‘ mounds” shown on the Ordnance Map with anything
on the ground, which has been left in the usual state of untidiness by casual
flint diggers.
The barrow 700ft. N.W. of Old Shepherd’s Shore marked on the Ordnance
map (Sheet 34 N.E.) lies to the south of Wansdyke, and is partly covered
on the north side by the bank of Wansdyke. Immediately west of this is
another barrow (not marked on the map) also south of Wansdyke, whose
bank has been partly obscured by Wansdyke. The first of these two bar-
rows lies near to the east of Pitt-River’s first section (1899) across Wansdyke,
which is now occasionally used as a trackway and which lies 840 feet south
of another gap used by a track marked on the Map (Sheet 27 S.E.).
From this spot there can be seen a most interesting earthwork (not
hitherto noticed though marked on the old two-inch map) which can be
followed as far as the Roman road. It consists of a double ditch, divided
by a bank and flanked by two outer banks. It is earlier than Wansdyke
and has been partly used by the makers thereof. From the north it joins
the dyke where the dyke passes from Sheet 27 S.E. to Sheet 34 N.E. ; that
is to say, it ends abruptly close to this point where the line it took was
adopted (as I imagine) as that of the ditch of Wansdyke, Whether this be
so or not, it is undoubtedly earlier than the dyke, as it re-appears again on
the south side of the dyke, immediately west of the westernmost (un-
marked) of the two barrows already described. It can be followed to the
top of the hill where it has been destroyed by flint diggers. I did not
attempt to follow it further south, but suggest that it may have joined the
old herepath running N.W.—S.E. along the foot of the escarpment N. of
Bishops Cannings, past Harepath Farm and close to the Iron Age village
at All Cannings Cross. Northwards the track-way, as I believe it to be,
can be followed continuously over the top of Morgan’s Hill to the Roman
road, whose line it crossed east of a track-way following a hedge to Calstone
and 650 feet east of the wood marked Horsecombe Bottom (Sheet 27 S.E.).
Here the causeway of the Roman Road consists of a shelf on the steep
hillside ; and the material for the causeway has been dug away from the
upper (south) side, forming a small cliff. This cliff cuts across the earth-
work here described, proving that it is earlier than the Roman Road. On
the top of Morgan’s Hill the earthwork is obscured for a short distance by
flint diggings, but it re-appears on the northern slope,its northernmost por-
tion consisting of a single ditch between two low banks. Immediately
south (100 paces) of an elder thicket growing in some old pits on the top of
Morgan’s Hill (near trig. point 847) on the east side of the earthwork, is an
unopened round barrow. Also east of the earthwork, on the north slope of
Morgan’s Hill, 250 paces south of the Roman Road, and 12 paces east of the
By 0. G. S. Crawford, PSA. 61
central bank of the earthwork, is a long low mound, 50 feet long (but not a
long barrow) orientated due N. and S., with the highest end tothe south.
At this point the earthwork is 40 feet wide over all.
O.S. Sheets 27 S.E. and 34 N.W. Miscellaneous. The combes
beginning N.E. of King’s Play Hill are covered with cultivation terraces
(lynchets) of the medieval type. These appear, from the state of the grass,
to have been still under plough not more than a century ago, and probably
less. Similar terraces cover the combes 8.W. of Oldbury Hill. The age of
these latter can be proved from an old map at Bowood, showing each strip
as under cultivation at the date it was made (18th century). Some of the
names on this map are worth recording, as they are not easily read in the
photograph of the map in the Society's Library. ‘They are :—H1Ipine Stong
Bortom, HENsES Cooms, SNAILS Cooms, Rams Cooms, CuHiIpine HIt1,
Nut Hirt, Car Lincnes, Lone Lincnks, HEvEND HILL, THE BurNING
Pato, Wapen, Hur’s Hitt, Vacooms, Nesser Hitt, ADEN Dkat,
Paten Hitt, ApDDEN HiLt, WHITE HILL, SHooTERS PLocks, You CoomsB
Book Cooms, Dun Goos. The field south of the Calne Road, at Calstone,
S.W. of the Manor Farm (Sheet 27 8.W.), is called LoncasteR FURLONG.
Sheet 28 S.W. The fine disc-barrow from which Stukeley made his
sketch (Tab. XXI.) is not marked on the Ordnance Map (Sheet 28 S.W.),
though shown by Colt Hoare and Stukeley (Goddard, Avebury 29a). It
is 450 feet N.W. of Goddard Avebury 29. At the north end of Waden
Hill (Windmill Boll), in the same sketch, he shows what appears from his
drawing to be a long barrow, orientated N.N.W.—S.S.E. The remains of a
mound are still visible in the grass field there; there is nothing in the
character of the mound inconsistent with its being the remains of a long
barrow, but without further evidence it would be rash to say that it was
such, in spite of the great and proven accuracy of Stukeley’s drawings.
{From the way it is drawn in some of the recently examined St. John MSS.
I feel sure that it was only a round barrow. |
No other remains of barrows can now be detected on Waden Hill, whose
N. end was called ‘‘ Windmill Boll.”
From Stukeley’s drawings and descriptions we know of the existence of
the following barrows :—
[A.] Certain. A disc-barrow about 400—500 feet east of the 5th
milestone from Marlborough, on the north side of the Bath Road. Mr.
Passmore and [ have both hunted for this without success.
A disc-barrow and three other barrows (round ; Goddard Avebury 20a)
on the N. end of Waden Hill, above Avebury, close to the 600 foot contour
line. (Tab. XXIII.) The two round ones are shown also in Tab. XXI.
Only one—a round barrow—is now visible.
A round barrow on the east slope of the hill, on the N.W. side of a hedge
running N.E. from Silbury to the stone circle at Waden’s Penning, about
half-way between the 600 foot contour line and the Kennet Avenue. (I
think the hedge here has been moved further N. since Stukeley’s time).
This has completely vanished.
62 Notes on Field-work round Avebury, Dacnben 1921.
750 feet N.W. of the west end of the Kennet Long Barrow, is a round
barrow in a ploughed field. This is shown in Stukeley’s Tab. XXII. and
XXIIL. as a high round barrow. ‘This is still visible.
Total of certain barrows, seven.
[B] Uncertain. Three humps on the skyline of the hill are shown in
Tab. XXL. S.E. of the hedge crossing the hill from S.W. to N.E. These
may be barrows already under plough in Stukeley’s time. One of them lay
immediately S. of the hedge, and all were along the top of the hill. There
is no other evidence of them, and there are now practically no traces on
the ground.
Two round barrows are marked about the same distance W.S.W. of the
long barrow, on the old MS. 2in. O.S. map of 1815. ‘There is not now
the slightest trace of these.
A quarter of a mile W.S.W. of E. Kennet Church is another round barrow
faintly discernible ina ploughed field. It alsois marked on the old O.S map.
Between Smith’s stone circle (half-a-mile S.W. of the West Kennet Long
Barrow) and the sarsen stones in the bottom of the valley to the east is a
small round barrow discovered by Mr, Passmore. It lies 120 paces S.E. of
a round pond marked on Sheet 28 8.W. in a direct line with a barrow
(Goddard Stanton St. Bernard 4) on the skyline south of a clump of
trees.
Windmill Hills. There are so many hills round Avebury connected
with windmills that a list of them may prevent confusion.
1. Windmill Hill (Sheet 28 N.W.) partly in Avebury parish, partly in the
parish of Winterbourne Monkton. This is the most celebrated of all. Upon
it are found innumerable flint implements, including “ petits tranchets ”
(broad-edged arrowheads) and other implements made from polished axes.
The flints have a characteristic white patina, and as the hill consists of
Lower Chalk without flints, the raw flint must have been obtained from the
district to the east or south-east. The hill is surrounded by a circular bank,
and within a radius of half-a-mile of the top are twelve round barrows.
2. Windmill House (Sheet 28 N.W.) in Winterbourne Monkton. Inthe
garden is the base of the old windmill, built of large stones, standing about
six feet high and used as a hen-house. It was in use apparently in 1815, as
it is marked ‘“‘ Monkton Windmill” on the 1815 map.
3. Milboro and Hackpen Field in Winterbourne Bassett, adjoining Mill
Brow’in Berwick Bassett on the south (Sheet 228.W.). There is a round
barrow (Goddard, Winterbourne Bassett I.d.) on the top, referred to
by Sir Richard Colt Hoare.
4. Overton Mill (Sheet 28 8.E.) on the hill about a mile S.W. of West
Overton Church, called ‘“‘ Windmill Hill” in Smith’s map. It is shown in
action on Stukeley’s Tabs. XXIII. and XXIX.
By O. G. S. Crawford, F.S.A. 63
5, Windmill Edge (Sheet 28 S.E.) in Preshute, N. of Barrow Cottages
and the Manton Barrow (name from Smith’s map).
6. Windmill Knowl (Sheet 34 N.W.) on Roundway Hill, the name of
that part of the hill lying in Bishop’s Cannings parish, E. of Roundway
Hill Farm (name from old MS. 2in. O.S. map of 1811).
7. Waden Hill, in Avebury parish, south of the village, was formerly
called Windmill Boll, and is frequently so described by Stukeley. I sus-
pect that the name “boll” or “ball” had reference to one of the round
barrows on the northern end of the hill, on the brow of the hill above the
village.
64
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ANCIENT SCREEN AT
HULLAVINGTON.
By Canon F. H. MAN ey.
It is melancholy to have to report the loss of a valuable heritage of the
past which made one of the Churches in N. Wilts notable.
The oak screen which stood across the north or Bradfield Aisle of Hul-
lavington Church, at about two-thirds of its length from the west end, was
a precious relic of antiquity. The circumstances under which it was taken
down show how possible it is even now for irreparable mischief to be done,
despite the fact that all legal requirements have been carried out, when the
subject matter is a portion of a parish Church.
There can be no question that the ancient screen was urgently in need of
repair, and the late Vicar, the Rev. J. C. Ramsay, was afraid that at any
time in its worm-eaten and tottering condition it might collapse, possibly
doing some considerable damage in its fall. Visitors to the Church, who had
come especially to see the screen, had spoken to him of its value and of the
possibility of its repair, recommending him to consult certain architects of
repute before taking any action. The Vicar, however, seems to have made
up his mind that the screen was beyond repair, and apparently he was
supported in this view by his churchwardens. A proposal that the ancient
screen should be replaced by a new one, erected in the Church as a memorial
of the Hullavington men who had fallen in the war met with general
approval and the necessary steps for carrying out this unfortunate idea were
quickly taken.
The well-known firm of Messrs. Jones & Willis were consulted and asked
to furnish designs for a new screen, ‘Their advice was not to take down the
ancient screen, but, finding that this advice was not acceptable, they sup-
plied the design for a low screen to be substituted for the ancient screen.
A meeting of the parishioners was held 15th Sept., 1917, when a resolution
was passed approving the removal of the ancient screen and the erection in
its place of a new oak screen, according to the design of Messrs. Jones &
Willis. The Vicar and churchwardens’ petition for a faculty to carry out
this work was duly presented to A. B. Ellicott, Vicar General of the
Consistory Court of Bristol, a citation was issued by him, 26th Sept., 1917,
and on the 30th Sept. affixed to the principal outer door of the said Parish
Church of Hullavington. ‘There for fifteen days it remained and no protest
against this act of destruction was raised, Then on 16th November, 1917,
the authority “‘duly weighing and considering the premises” sanctioned
the removal of the old screen and erection of a dwarf new screen in its place,
the faculty being signed, F. J. Press, Deputy- Registrar.
All this legal procedure did nothing to protect this precious fabric of
our forefathers and its doom was sealed !
How far the Rural Dean at the time, the late Canon Mac Millan, had |
been consulted we do not know, but certainly no representative of the Wilts |
*yS@2 JY} WOIF YOINYD UOoSUIARL[NFY Ul UIdIIG JO MIA "JSAM 9Y} WOIF YOINYD UOJSUIAET[NFY Ul U9I19G JO MAIA
.
The Destruction of the Ancient Screen at Hullavington. 65
Archeological Society was asked for advice. Those interested in the
preservation of our ancient monuments had no inkling of what was going
on. Thus it was left to those on the spot, who had no idea of the value of
what they had in charge, to destroy what was the special glory of their
Church.
Messrs. Jones & Willis removed the old screen with the greatest care,
and the portions of it which they were able to preserve, viz., sixteen carved
panels, 18in. by 9in., are now in the care of the present Vicar, Rev. EH. G.
Mortimer, who is anxious to utilise them so as best to show something of
the beauty of what has been lost. He would be glad to receive suggestions
upon this point, and, as the question of funds is a serious one, any donations
towards the cost from those interested in the matter.
We have to thank the Rev. F. R. P. Sumner (Hucknall, Notts) for the
following full description of the ancient screen and also for the excellent
photos, from which the two illustrations have been made, one viewing the
screen from the east and the other from the west.
The screen was one of remarkable interest, retaining, as it did, the old
balcony-front to the rood-loft. Only two other examples of the balcony- front
remain in the county, viz., those at Avebury and pouaton, with which
Hullavington should be aoanyretred
The Hullavington screen is mentioned by. Cox (Chur ch Furniture, p. 141)
and Keyser (Mural and Painted Decorations, p. xxviil., 139). The work
bore every appearance of composite date. The lower part with doorway
and ball-flower enrichments was of late thirteenth century or early fourteenth
century date, while the upper portion with balcony-front was of the fifteenth
century.
The screen was in a most dilapidated condition, but not beyond repair.
All tracery of the lights and lower panels were gone and the two uprights
of the central door alone upheld the tottering structure. Evident signs re-
mained, however, of the enrichments of cornice and loft-front which once
were there.
The special features of the screen were the early date of the lower portion
and the old balcony-front remaining still 2m sztw. The former should have
provided much interest to the archeologist on account of its remarkably
early date for wooden screen-work. The latter was one of the few original
balcony-fronts remaining out of those which were once the glory of our land.
It consisted of eighteen open panels with tracery heads, divided into
three compartments by four tabernacled niches. The carved tracery of the
panels and niches had gone but the marks where they once stood remained,
as the illustration shows. ‘The pierced panels would have been enriched
by applied ogee canopies, the heads of which extended to the handrail of
_ the balcony-front (cf. Dennington, Suffolk). For that purpose the moulding
at the head of the pierced panels was cut through.
_ A curious feature of the screen was the pulpit line projection above the
_door on the western face of the screen. Similar projections westward are
found on the screens at Sleaford and Cotes-by-Stow, Lincs. Projections
eastward are seen at Montgomery, Newark, Sutton-on-Trent (Notts), and
_ Dunster (Som.).
| VOL. XLIL—NO. CXXXVII. F
66 The Destruction of the Ancient Sercen at Hullavington.
The reason for such structural features is matter of conjecture. It is not
unlikely that they were so constructed to provide additional space in the
loft for an altar or an organ. In the case of the Hullavington screen, how-
ever, the projection only formed part of the plan of the earlier screen, the}
gallery of which followed its line. The later gallery front (which was in
situ) ignored the older line of projection and ran across continuously.
The illustration of the east side of the Hullavington screen reveals con-.
siderable remains of old colour decoration. But now the screen has gone’
and its glory, dim as it was, is no more. |
‘““ He that hewed timber afore out of the thick trees was known to bring §
it to an excellent work. But now they break down all the carved work
thereof with axes and hammers.” /Ps. lxxiv., 6, 7, P.B. version.
!
[The lamentable story disclosed in the above note, in which a Diocesan|
Chancellor is found aiding and abetting the destructive designs of Hector,
churchwardens, and parishioners, in getting rid of what must have been
one of the most interesting pieces of Church woodwork in the county, and }
issuing a faculty without the slightest effective enquiry, or reference to the
Archdeacon, the Rural Dean, or anybody else who knew anything about the}
matter, points to the urgent necessity of the formation in every diocese of
a committee which shall render such things impossible in the future. So}
far as Wiltshire is concerned, the dioceses concerned are those of Bristol
and Salisbury, in neither of which at present is there any committee of the
kind. Itis true that a committee has quite recently been formed to deal with
proposed alterations or additions to the Cathedral of Salisbury, but this}
committee has nothing to do with the parish Churches. It is true also}
that some 10 years ago the late Bishop Ridgeway nominated a small com-}
mittee, or rather two committees, for Wilts and Dorset, whom the Chan-
cellor of the diocese might consult if he wished to do so in any question of }
issuing a faculty for alterations, &c., in Churches. So far as this county is}
concerned no reference has ever been made to that committee by the Chan-]
cellor or anybody else, nor has it ever once met, What is wanted is that)
schemes affecting the ancient fabrics or furniture of Churches shall in all
cases be submitted not by the Chancellor, but before application 1s madeé
to the Chancellor for the ssue of a faculty, to a committee which shall con-
tain at least a proportion of members nominated by bodies such as they
Wiltshire Archeological Society, the Society of Antiquaries, and the like,
commanding the confidence of those who have knowledge of ancient archi
tecture. Such committees are already working well in more than one!
diocese, and they ought to be formed in every diocese in England. Ep. H.|
GopDARD. |! ' |
1 At the moment of going to press I understand that such a committee is!
about to be set on foot for the Diocese of Bristol. E.-H. G.
67
NOTES.
Brooches from Cold Kitchen Hill.)
The brooches figured were all casual finds on the site of a “ British
illage” on Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverell, Wilts. From the evidence
pf pottery and other relics the site seems to have been inhabited for several
penturies, ranging from the early Iron Age to late Romano-British times.
_ The brooch shown in Fig. 1 is of the rare type sometimes known as the
‘involuted ” or the “ Beckley” type. The distinguishing features of the type
Se
3 8
EY Ke <i
Sir
"4
fo Se Se
és Fy terie sh ghee ah ESE Aa,
La S
—_—~— ba
mi 3 a= Se
ee
5 sas rien
Brooches from Cold Kitchen Hill.
| This note and illustration is reprinted from Man, Sept. 1921, p. 132,
3, with additions.
hea
68 Notes.
are that the bow curves inwards instead of outwards as is usual, and that in
place of a spring, or ordinary form of hinge, there aretwo rings, one revol-
ving over the other. This specimen being of iron is much rusted, but the
inner ring seems to have been grooved and to have formed the head of the
bow ; while the outer ring was incomplete, or penannular, and formed the
head of the pin, and worked on the groove on the inner ring. Fig. 14 is
drawn from a model made to show the working. [Since this note was
written a second example of this brooch, also in iron, imperfect, has been
found on the same site. ] :
Less than half-a-dozen brooches of this type have as yet been recorded.
One was found by Canon Greenwell in the early Iron Age burials knownas
the Danes’ Graves in Yorkshire; another mentioned by Canon Greenwell
was found with the burial of a woman at Newnham, Cambridge ; and two
have been found in Oxfordshire, one at Beckley, the other at Woodeaton."
All these are of bronze, but the example from Cold Kitchen Hill is of iron.
Siy Arthur Evans, in an interesting note on the Beckley brooch, suggests ¥
a date approaching 300 B.C., based on comparison of the brooches found in
the Danes’ Graves, for the introduction of this type into Britain. The
form does not seem to be known on the Continent, but as suggested by Sir |
Arthur Evans, it is probably derived from a type of brooch found in Italy ||
in the late Bronze and early Iron Age? ,
In the brooch from the Danes’ Graves the bow ends in what is practically 9
an open-work catch plate cast in one piece with the bow. On that from 9)
Cold Kitchen Hill a small plate of metal has been added to the end of the®
bow and extended over and attached to the back of the bow; the object)
being apparently that a larger surface for ornamentation could thus be,
obtained. The Beckley brooch appears to have a similar arrangement of au}
plate or false foot added to the bow, in that case the plate being circular
and ornamented. In the Cold Kitchen Hill brooch the plate is now trian-7
gular, but is incomplete, and originally may have been lozenge-shaped. ‘|
Sir Arthur Evans regards the Beckley brooch as a rather later evolution
of the type than that from the Danes’ Graves. It seems that the Cold}
Kitchen Hill brooch is more nearly allied to the former than to the latter.
Fig. 2 shows a fragment of a brooch of the type known as La Tenel. Iv
the first volume of The Glastonbury Lake Village, p. 185, a list is given of |
the 36 brooches of this type then known to have been found in Britain ; of |}
these 14 were found in Wiltshire. The fragment consists of a part of the |
bow with the turned back end, or foot, characteristic of the type. It is off
iron, while apparently all the other known specimens are of bronze.? |
Niece ine and PDE TRE A REED el Oey il TAM NE OR
1 Archexologia, vol. 60, p. 267, Fig. 14; Journal of oman Studies, vol.)
Wile iytaale, - Lil:
2 Archzxologia, vol. 66, p. 570.
3 Since the above was written several more examples of this brooch, of
rare occurence, except in Wiltshire, have been found, The total number
recorded for this county now (Sept., 1922) reaches 21. This includes the
two perfect bronze specimens found by Capt. and Mrs. Cunnington in thé
All Cannings Cross diggings, and the two also perfect found by them at
Cold Kitchen Hill, in addition to the fragment here figured, one being 0|
Notes, 69
The curious brooch shown in Fig. 3 is also of iron. The bow consists of
a single strip of iron simply bent up at one end (the foot) to form a catch-
plate, the other end (the head) beaten out into a flat loop, to which the pin
is fastened by being simply bent over, the head of the bow and pin thus
loosely linked together forming a rough kind of a hinge.!
Fig. 4isa bronze brooch, very substantially made, of rather unusual
_type ; it has a hinge pin and probably dates wellinto the Roman period ;
the cup-like hollows on the bow appear to have been filled with enamel ;
this is now green, but the colour may be due to staining from oxidation. I
am indebted to the Rev. EK. H. Goddard for the drawing of the brooches.
M. EK. CuNNINGTON.
Late Bronze Age Gold Bracelet from Clench Common.
The sketch (by Mr. C. W. Pugh) is that of a gold bangle, or bracelet,
found a few years ago on Levett’s Farm, Clench Common, near
Marlborough. ‘The circumstances of the find are not known, but it was
sold, presumably by the finder, to a jeweller at Swindon, and re-purchased
by the writer in April, 1917.
Mr. Reginald A. Smith, of the British Museum, to whom the bracelet
was sent for his opinion, kindly wrote as follows :—‘‘ Your gold bracelet
Ik is hard to match, but must belong to the last phase of the Bronze
/Age. One of metal (I can’t say whether of gold or bronze) was found with
‘a piece of ring-money strung on it at Beacon Hill, Leics., in 1858, associated
i with a bronze celt not otherwise described, but the loop is plain, not twisted ;
a French specimen figured in LZ. Anthropologie, 1901, 619, Fig. 5, No. 2, has
‘a hook and eye clasp, but the loop twisted like yours. . . . I feel
iconfident that it belongs to the Late Bronze Age, and congratulate you on
getting a rarity.”
bronze, the other of iron. All these will find a home in the Society’s
‘Museum at Devizes. The total includes also a good bronze example found
by Mr. White at Charnage (W.A.J/., xl., 357), and recently deposited by
him in the Salisbury Museum, and the bronze example found this year by
Mr. RK. 5. Newall in his diggings at Hanging Langford Camp. This, a per-
fect specimen, measures 231n. in length, and, Jike several of the others, has
ithe spring broken and repaired with a piece of rolled sheet bronze roughly
hrivetted. It is (with the exception of the example found at Box, 1904, now
in the British Museum, which is of a different type from all the others and
is thought by Mr. Gray to have been imported from Gaul) the largest yet
found in Wilts. For descriptions of those found before 1908 see W.A.JZ.,
\Xxxv., 398—402. Of examples recently found outside Wiltshire, I only
know of two, both bronze. One, now in the Winchester Museum, was
‘found at Twyford Down, near Winchester ; the other, an unusually large
and fine specimen found at Shoddesdon Farm, Weyhill, was seen by the
Rev. G. H. Engleheart, but has been taken to Canada by its owner. I
have been reminded of these by Mr. R. 8. Newall. Ep. H. Gopparp.
1 Since the above was written a similar iron brooch, with the catch miss-
ing has been found on the All Cannings Cross site.
70 Notes.
Déchelette describes a series of bracelets made of single pieces of twisted
wire doubled, or more rarely trebled, as belonging to the Late Bronze Age
(L’Age du Bronze iv.). In the example illustrated one of the terminals is
bent back to form a hook which fastens into the other looped terminal.
(Manuel, ii., Age du Bronze, 312, Fig. 120). See also Munro, Lake Dwellings
of Europe, 101, Fig. 21, No. 29.
Our example is made from a single length of stout gold wire, twisted
except just at the two looped terminals, which are left plain, and is of
rounded section ; the ends of the wire are so skilfully welded together that
the jom is practically imperceptible, but it probably is at the junction of
one of the terminals with the twisted stem, as the wire at this point is
flattened, almost square in section, (the lower part of the loop on the left).
The bracelet weighs 127 grains. It is slightly oval in form, the greater
diameter being two and one-sixteenth inches.
Late Bronze Age Bracelet of twisted gold wire from Clench Common. -
Three electrotype replicas were made of the bracelet! in 1922 by Mr.
Young, at the Ashmolean Museum; one of these is now in the Society’s
Museum at Devizes, one in the Blackmore Museum at Salisbury, and the
other in the Corporation Museum at Swindon. The original is now also
in the possession of the Society, but will be placed on loan at the British
Museum, together with the other Prehistoric gold ornaments belonging to
the Society. M. E. CuNNINGTON.
The Eastward End of Wansdyke.
In a study of *‘ Beowulf” by Mr. R. W. Chambers, published in 1920 by
the Cambridge University Press, the author quotes among place-names
which may have reference to the poem “ Grendles mere,” which appears in ©
1 Tn the Report of the Research Committee of the Soc. Ant. Lond., No. IIL,
Excavations at Hengistbury Head, Hampshire, in 1911—12, by J. P. Bushe
Foxe, 1915, is figured, Plate IX., Fig. 5, “A Gold Bracelet composed of two
pairs of twisted strands forming a loop at one side, and merging into a
solid loopat the other . . . Nothing exactly similar to this bracelet
(and torc) appears to be recorded from the British sites . . . It is |
hazardous to suggest a date.”
en
Notes. 71
an A.S. charter of A.D. 931 among the bounds of lands at Ham, in Wilt-
shire, granted by Athelstan to his thane Wulfgar. This, says the author,
“must have been a lonely mere among the hills under Inkpen Beacon.”
This passage seemed to confirm the suggestion in my paper on Wansdyke
which appeared last December that when the dyke was constructed its
eastern end probably rested on a marsh, or possibly a lake, occupying the
low ground between the 8. end of Inwood Copse, where the dyke appears
to end, and the foot of the downs under Inkpen Beacon.! Buta reference
to Mr. O. G. S. Crawford, F.S.A., showed the need for further investigation.
He informed me that the A.S. grant was probably represented by the
present parish of Ham, and, if so, there were four or five boundary marks
named in the charter between ‘*‘ Grendles mere” and the foot of the downs,
while “mere” in the charters appears generally to mean a pond. A refer-
ence to Dr. G. B. Grundy, whose knowledge of the charters is unrivalled,
_ confirmed this, and Dr. Grundy has most kindly favoured me still further
| with a translation of, and notes on, the charter in question. The bounds
| with which we are concerned begin :—
‘First on the east side to the Gate of Flax Lea, then to the middle
of (one side of) Flax Lea, then straight south to the Stone Castle, and
then from the Stone Castle to Pydd’s Gate, then to Oswald’s Barrow,”
| and return from the north-west corner of the parish :—
“to Fowl Pond to the Way, along the Way to Ott’s Ford, then to the
Pond of the Wood, then tothe Rough Hedge, then to the Long Hanging
Wood, then to the Pond of the Green Quarry (Grendles Mere of the
charter), then to the Hidden Gate, then again to the Gate of Flax Lea.”
In August, 1922, I followed these bounds along the north of the parish.
| The stream at ‘** Ott’s Ford” of the charter is now represented by a slight
ditch along the middle of the boundary, which was quite dry when I was
| there. “Fowl Pond” and the “ Pond of the Wood” have also disappeared,
) though I thought I could see their probable sites. But the ‘‘ Pond of the
Green Quarry” is possibly still to be found in a pond at Lower Spray
| Farm, and Cowley’s Copse just W. of it may be on the site of the ‘ Long
| Hanging Wood.” Wansdyke is not mentioned in the bounds, but I should
take the “ Hidden Gate” to be at the point where a green lane to Lower
Spray Farm crosses the line of Wansdyke at the foot of Old Dike Lane at
the N.E. corner of the parish, and the turn “on the east side” would then
place the “ Gate of Flax Lea” where Spray Road crosses the line of the
dyke. Of the remaining bounds Mr. Crawford identifies the ‘Stone
Castle” with a building probably Roman, the foundations of which have
been found in a field to the S., while “* Pydd’s Gate ” seems to be preserved
jin ‘‘ Pidget,” which he was told was the name of the field. ** Oswald’s
| Barrow ” he identifies with a barrow on the downs near the S.E. corner of
| the parish.
‘| Although these bounds give no evidence that at the time of the charter
| there existed a marsh, or lake, at the foot of the downs, yet the presence of
a stream considerable enough to be crossed by a named ford and of two
1 Wilts. Arch. Mag., xli., 401, foot-note 5.
SSS
|
a Notes.
ponds along the N. boundary of the parish, all of which have now dis-
appeared, is further evidence of the well-known fact that the water level in,
the country stood much higher in the Roman and Saxon periods than now.
This wetter condition must equally have applied to the country at the foot.
of the downs. ‘Tne marsh theory is based on a careful study of the lie
of the land, which showed that the whole drainage of this section
of the Vale of Ham, (the valley enclosed between the downs and a
chalk ridge branching from them on the N.,) must find its way along a
depression just E. of the line of Wansdyke, narrowing towards the N., with
the neck of the gully opposite Inkpen Church. ‘This neck must have under-
gone considerable erosion during the last thirteen hundred years. It is.
still ‘“‘frequently used by a wet-weather stream ”! and the Vicar of Inkpen,
the Rev. H. D. Butler, tells me that in wet winters the road below the
Church and Vicarage is constantly flooded. ‘The Vale of Ham is an inlier |
of Upper Greensand? and springs would naturally break out between the
Chalk and the Greensand, when the water level was higher. Rivar Copse,
on the slope of the downs above Inwood Copse, shows traces of ancient.
water action of a very violent kind.
We should have expected to find Wansdyke mentioned in the charter,
but it has to be remembered that this dates from some two hundred years
after the very latest date to which the construction of Wansdyke can be
assigned, while the actual date of the dyke may be two or three hundred
years earlier, or more. The dyke seems to have fallen into disuse between
Merril Down and Inkpen earlier than was the case with the more westerly
portion, and it would waste very rapidly on the Greensand between the |
downs and Old Dike Lane, especially when this land was brought under |
cultivation, probably in early Saxon times. Its line is now barely traceable
here, and by the date o the charter may well have ceased to be noticeable.
ALBANY F. Magor.,
Broad Chalke Earthworks.
Mr. Heywood Sumner, F.S.A., commenting on an entry in the “ List of |
Prehistoric, &c., Antiquities,” Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxviil., 212, quoting |
Hoare, An. Wilts, I., 247, *‘ On the western side of this vale(Church Bottom) |
the remains of another earthen enclosure similar in its construction (2.e., |
pentagonal) to the Soldier’s Ring, near Damerham,” writes (1914) “ I suggest
that ‘similar in its construction’ may mean, in its alinement, and precise
construction, not ‘7.e., pentagonal.’ The lateral combes running W. from J
Church Bottom are still down-land, but I can find no signs of such an |
earthwork, whereas in a lateral combe of Croucheston Bottom (the ad- |
joining E. bottom) there is an oblong four-sided pastoral enclosure, which, |
in alinement and precision of earthworking, does cémpare with Soldier |
Rings (see Plan XXII., Ancient Earthienes of Cranborne Chase). Iam |
inclined to suppose that Hoare’s reference to this site is at fault, as it might |
1The Geology of the Country around Hungerford and Newbual |
Memoirs of the Geological Survey, 1907, p. 79.
2b pol
Notes. 73
well be in pre-Ordnance Survey times—by one combe.” As regards the
entry on the same page under “ Roman,” of “ British village with strong
surrounding ditches just on S. side of Ox Drove or Ridgeway, close to Bower-
chalke boundary W. of Chickengrove,” he writes, ** This is not now a correct
description of the entrenchment surrounding the British enclosure above
Chickengrove Bottom. ‘There is a single bank and ditch much wasted,
and silted up, and ploughed in, that may now be traced round most of this
site, but, at the same time, I[ agree that this entrenchment was originally
strong.”
Former White Horse at Ham.
Mr. O. G.S. Crawford, F.S.A., wrote on July 10th, 1922 :—‘‘ On the old
6in. map of 1877 of Ham Hill, Wilts (whole Sheet 6in. 37), in the parish of
Ham, near Inkpen, there is marked a, white horse on the escarpment. The
exact position is 360 feet N.W. of a solitary round barrow on the county
boundary and 130 feet from the western edge of Ball’s Copse. This latter
is a prominent landmark. I don’t think this white horse has ever been
recorded.”
The Rev. H. D. Butler, Rector of Inkpen, whom I asked for further
information as to this horse, wrote ‘‘Somewhere at the end of the sixties a
Mr. Wright bought the Ham Spray property of Mr. Henry Woodman and
proceeded to cut a horse on the N. face of the downs opposite his house.
They simply peeled off the turf down to the chalk, and when Mr. H,
Woodman bought back the property, after some years, it was allowed to
- grow out, and I do not think that there is the faintest trace of it visible
now in the turf. It was of no interest, but when the survey was made in
the seventies it was a comparatively new thing.”
The Dew Pond Makers of Imber.
A valuable article by the Rev. Edgar Glanfield, Vicar of Imber, appeared
in the Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 29th, 1922, in which he sets down in-
formation as to the method of making these ponds, gained directly from
living parishioners of Imber, who in past years carried on a regular and
hereditary business of dew pond making—Charles Wise, aged 81, Joel Cruse,
aged 79, both master dew pond makers, and Jabez Earley and Daniel
Pearce, both nearly 80 years old, their assistants. A great deal has been
written on the subject of the way in which dew ponds gain their water
supply, but it is generally believed now that they are chiefly dependent
on rain. Mr. Glanfield, however, is concerned only with their formation.
‘‘Up to ten years ago the dew pond makers started upon their work about
the 12th of September, and they toured the country for a period of six or
seven months, making in sequence from six to fifteen ponds, according to
size and conveniences, in a season of winter and spring . . . ‘They
travelled throughout Wiltshire and Hampshire, and occasionally into
Somersetshire and Berkshire, and even into Kent.” ‘The dew pond maker
with three assistants at 18s. a week, would require about four weeks to
make a pond 22 yards, or one chain, square. Providing all his own tools and
appliances he would charge about £40 for the work. ‘‘ The work commenced
74 Notes.
by the removal of the soil to the depth of eight feet. The laying of the
floor is then proceeded with from the centre, called the crown, four or five
yards in circumference, and to this each day a width of about two yards is
added, and continued, course by course, until the sides of the basin attain
to the normal level of the site. Only so much work with the layers of
materials set in order, is undertaken in one day as can be finished at night,
and this must be covered over with straw and steined. No layering may
be done in frosty or inclement weather. And this is the method of con-
struction :—seventy cart loads of clay are scattered over the area, suggested
above. The clay is thoroughly puddled, trodden and beaten in flat with
beaters, a coat of lime is spread, slaked, and lightly beaten until the surface
is as smooth asa table, and it shines like glass. After it has been hammered
in twice, a second coat of lime is applied, to the thickness of half-an-inch,
which is wetted and faced to save the under face. A waggon load of straw
is arranged and the final surface is covered with rough earth to the thickness
of nine inches. he pond when finished affords a depth of water of seven
feet.” It is then fenced round to keep off cattle and horses, whose hoofs
would break through the bed, and admit sheep only, for whose use the
ponds are made. The durability of the dew pond is put at “ perhaps 20
years, though “there are ponds in good condition now which were made
36 years ago, and which have never been known to fail to yield an adequate
supply of water, even in this year of drought (1921). The decay of the
industry is attributed partly to the greatly increased cost of the making of
the ponds, and partly to the fact that they have been superseded by the
windmill pumping water from wells.
Mr. Edward Coward, of Devizes, had an excellent letter in the Spectator,
January 14th, 1922, p. 47, on the method of making Dew Ponds in Wilt-
shire. He says ‘the site is first excavated, and the soil taken out thrown
up as a bank so as to lengthen the shore of the pond. A start is made from
the centre. A layer of clay about three inches thick when loose, is strenuously
and methodically rammed. Then lime is spread, and it is rammed again.
T'wo more layers of clay and lime are treated in the same way. The work
is built up from the centre, not sectionally up the sides. Each day’s work
is carefully covered with straw ; this, for the moment, is to prevent the
puddle from drying and cracking. When the whole area is treated it is
covered with a layer of straw more than a foot thick. ‘his in turn is
covered with nine inches of chalk rubble. The object of the straw is to
protect the puddle from indentations which might be made by the rubble
until it is properly set. A pond made in this way, thirty feet square at the
edge of the puddle area, took seventy small cartloads of clay and about —
twelve tons of lime. I have heard, of course, of the straw being put under
the clay, and am aware of the insulating theory involved. I cannot con-
ceive, however, how a puddle could be made good on the top of a springy
substance like straw. Firm ground to ram upon is the very essence of
this method of construction.” He regards rain as the most important factor
in the filling of the ponds. “In my opinion the whole surface of the
hollow in a pond which is used daily by sheep becomes puddled by the
Notes. ras)
action of their hoofs, and with the exception of the first rainfall after a
drought, practically the whole of the rain which falls finds its way to the
water.”
- Aldbourne. Bronze and [ron Antiquities.
Mr. Passmore has called my attention to vol. vii., p. 399, of the Arche-
ological Journal, where it is recorded that the Rev. Edwin Meyrick, of
Chisledon, exhibited (Dec., 6th, 1850) an armlet, fibula, and volselle ; with
some iron relics of later date, found at Hilwood Farm, Aldbourne, Wilts,
and comprising a kind of glaive, a spear head, a well-preserved pheon and
arrowhead, and other remains. These are not mentioned under Aldbourne
in my “List of Prehistoric, &c., Remains” in Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxviil.,
156, but the iron objects appear to be undoubtedly those mentioned in a
note in vol. xl., 354, as being now in Coniston Museum, to which they were
presented by the Rev. E. Meyrick. Ep. H. Gopparpb.
Bronze Celt from Amesbury.
Among the Rev. W. C. Lukis’s plans, notes, and drawings in the Lukis
Museum in Guernsey, is a full size sketch of “Bronze celt found near
Stonehenge, on farm of Little Amesbury (Mr. Rooke’s), in the possession
of Mr. Edwards, of Amesbury, 1881.” It is 3in. long, the width of the
cutting edge being 2in. Itisa straight sided flanged celt without stop ridge,
the cutting edge being much expanded, of somewhat uncommon type, like
Evans’ Bronze Implements (1881), Fig. 12, p. 52, but apparently flat. Mr,
O. G.S. Crawford called my attention to the sketch, and a tracing of it has
been placed in our Society’s library. Mr. F. Stevens tells me that it is not
amongst the objects of the Job Edwards collection which came to the
Salisbury Museum in 1900, and that he has no record of it.
Ep. H. GopDARD.
Bronze Palstave, Dinton Beeches. A bronze palstave, 5gin. long,
found at Dinton Beeches, 1921, on newly-ploughed land, is in the collection
of Dr. R. C. Clay, of Fovant Manor. A tracing isin the Society’s collection.
Hanging Stone. 1 mile S.W. of Alton Barnes Church, 100 yards from
the parish boundary, about 4-mile from the Ridgeway (O'S. 35 S8.W.) isa
Standing stone in a field called “ Hanging Stone Hurst.” It is about 7ft.
wide X 5ft. high x 3ft. thick. ‘he local tradition as to the name is said
to be that a man who had stolen a sheep, placed it on the stone to rest, the
rope by which he was carrying it being round his neck ; the sheep slipped
off the stone on the opposite side to that on which the man was standing,
tightening the rope round his neck and so hanging him. Mr. O. G.S.
Crawford, writing in Wotes and Queries, 12'S., xi., July 15th, 1922, pp. 50,
51, gives instances of “Hangman Stones” from twelve counties, many of
which are at the meeting point of ancient tracks and parish boundaries.
He suggests that they were originally boundary stones of parishes or hun-
dreds, and when they were near the public gibbet the name “ Hangman’s
Stone” became attached to them. ‘The legend of the sheep seems to point
to the time when men were hung for sheep stealing. In Charnwood Forest
76 Notes.
the sheep of the legend becomes a deer. Mr. Crawford notes that it is
possible exactly to locate the gibbet of the Prior of Bradenstoke, in the
Perambulation of Savernake Forest, A.D. 1259 (2) ‘‘ Inde ad furcas Prioris
de Bradenstok ad Wippeshull.” This stood at the cross roads, 2200 feet
N.E. of Wilcot Church, near Pewsey, at the boundary of the parishes of
Wilcot and Pewsey.
Woman married in her shift. As the story of a woman being
married in her smock at Chitterne All Saints is again mentioned in Wolts
Arch. Mag., xli., 432, it is quite time to authoritatively contradict it, unless
evidence is forthcoming that is not at my disposal. The Rev. KE. R. Nevill has
evidently derived his information from Tyack’s.Lore and Legend of the
English Church (p. 186), as the man’s name is there given as John Brid-
more (not Bredmore as quoted in the Magazine). The Walts Arch. Mag.,
Xvi., 330, taking its information from Brand’s Popular Antiquities, gives
the name as John Prideaux. The whole story seems to be a fable, for
there is no record in the parish registers of any such persons being married,
either in Chitterne All Saints or Chitterne St. Mary, and there is certainly
no such remark in the registers concerning anyone married there. The
notoriety of the parish in this respect therefore vanishes.
JoHN T. Canner, Vicar.
[I wrote to Canon E. R. Nevill, at Dunedin, N. Zealand, asking what
his authority for the story was. He answered that in the absence of notes
or references he could not at all remember. The story therefore must no
doubt be finally buried. Ep. H. Gopparp. |
The Bromham Mazer. ‘The Mazer Bowl (cz7. 1590) found in a cottage
at Bromham about 1850, described and figured in Wilts Arch. Mag., xxv.
205, was sold by its owner, Mr. W. Cunnington, at Sotheby’s, in May, 1922,
for £125.
The Bradenstoke Virgin. [or six months or more in 1920 and 1921
a large picture was exhibited at Devizes Museum, on loan by Mr. J. A. A.
Williams, who had recently bought Bradenstoke Abbey. This picture was
mentioned in the Gentleman's Magazine, for Nov., 1833, in an account of the
“ Abbey” (Priory) thus :—‘‘ In this room (the large room at Bradenstoke),-
which seems nearly as it was left at the Dissolution, was preserved through
many changes of ownersa painting of the Virgin, now added to the collection
of my friend, Paul Methuen, Esq., of Corsham Court.” This picture, to-
gether with a fine mantelpiece, which had also been taken to Corsham:
Court from Bradenstoke, passed into the possession of Mr. Williams in.
1920. Mr. Williams had intended to live at the Priory, but he changed his
mind and in 1921 sold the property again, and at the same time disposed of
the picture to Mr. Storey, of Malmesbury. The picture appears to have
acquired the title of ‘the Black Virgin,” for which there was no visible
reason. Probably this name was only attached to it because early pictures
of the Virgin to which special veneration has attached have in more than.
one instance been so called. Bowles, in his History of Bremhill (1828), p.
121, speaking of this picture, says that it is a cartoon on paper, and that it
Natural History Notes. (ih
was on his recommendation that it was removed from Bradenstoke to
Corsham Court. The picture, however, is not on paper at all, but a large
unframed oil painting on canvas. It consists of a large figure of the Virgin
in the centre, with five small scenes at the corners and base, which were
somewhat of a puzzle until Dr. G. 5S. A. Waylen explained them in the
Wiltshire Gazette of Dec. 2nd, 1920, as illustrating the legend of the vision
of “Our Lady of Guadeloupe.” Shortly this ran thus :—In 1531 a Christian
Indian named Diego, saw upon a hill near Mexico City a vision of the
Blessed Virgin, who signified her desire that a Church should be built
there and dedicated under the title of ‘‘ Our Lady of Guadeloupe.” The
ecclesiastical authorities demanded more proof of the vision before acting.
The Virgin then told Diego to go to the top of the bill and gather a bunch
of flowers (there were, naturally, no flowers on the hill), and show them as
a proof of the reality of the vision. Diego gathered a bunch of most
beautiful flowers, and put them under his cloak, to take to the Bishop, but
On opening the cloak found instead of flowers a most beautiful picture of
the Madonna. ‘She Church was accordingly built and the picture became
famous. As explained by Dr. Waylen the scenes on the Bradenstoke
picture represent (1) Diego crossing the hill accompanied by two angels,
and the appearance of the Virgin. (2) Diego kneeling and receiving her
commands. (3) Gathering the flowers. (4) Taking the flowers to the
Bishop. (5) [That at the base in the centre] The Cathedral on the hill.
The picture exhibited at Devizes had, however, no special merits as a
painting, and had no appearance of being of Pre-Reformation date at all.
The legend of its having belonged to Bradenstoke before the Dissolution
must therefore be unfounded.
Ep. H. Gopparp.
The Site of the ‘“‘ Golden Barrow” at Upton Lovel. The Rev. F.
G. Walker, Rector of Upton Lovel, writes that the barrow, of which
nothing remains, was in a field called “ Barrow Newtons,” a part of the
glebe until it was sold in 1920. “It is exactly 3-in. east from the “arrow”
of B.M. 283.4 on Ordnance Map 58 N.E.”
The Story Maskelyne Collection of Ancient Gems, the property
of Mr, W. HE, Arnold Foster, grandson of the late Mr. N. Story Maskelyne,
F.R.S., by whom the collection was formed between 1860 and 1899, was sold
at Sotheby’s, on July 4th and 5th, 1921. It contained fine specimens of
engraved gems of all periods from early Babylonian to late Roman and
Sassanian, and was especially rich in Greek gems of the fourth and fifth
centuries, B.C. Many were shown at the Burlington Fine Arts Club in 1903.
For many years it had been preserved at Basset Down.
NATURAL HISTORY NOTES.
Marsh Warbler nesting. Mr. G. W. Godman, of Wedhampton
Cottage, writes :—“I first found the Marsh Warblers on June 10th, 1922,
and watched them for some hours. They were building, and on the 15th
the nest contained one egg. I took the nest and five eggs on June 22nd.
78 ? Natural History Notes.
This nest was built in the reeds at the side of a ditch with water in it. I
looked later to see if they would have a second nest, and found it with
three young on 26th July. This nest was built within ten yards of the
first, but in meadowsweet. I knew the birds well, having found several
nests some years ago near Taunton.” My attention was called to this find
by the Rev. J. Penrose, who saw the eggs and agrees in their identification.
It seems advisable not to specify the exact locality beyond the fact that it
is in the parish of Chirton, lest other “ collectors” should descend on the
spot. Ep. H. Gopparpb.
Great Crested Grebe. Miss Elsie C. Scott, of the Old Rectory,
North Bradley, records that this season (1922) a pair of Great Crested
Grebe nested and brought off two young ones on a piece of water in the
neighbourhood of Westbury. Three of these birds were shot on Coate
Reservoir, near Swindon, early in 1922, but their deaths will not have been
in vain if the Swindon Corporation are able to carry out their plan of es-
tablishing a small bird sanctuary at the end of the reservoir to encourage
water birds to breed there. On another piece of water in N. Wilts a
correspondent, Mr. George Simpkins, writing in April, 1921, says that he
saw a pair there in 1920, and in 1921 saw as many as nine of these birds on
the water at the same time. If only they could be protected from the man
with the gun, it is evident that these beautiful birds would soon establish
themselves as regular inhabitants of the county. ! Ep. H. Gopparp.
Little Owl. The Rev. Edgar Glanfield, Vicar of Imber, reported in
Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 9th, 1922, the shooting by a keeper of a Little Owl
which had long lived in the Vicarage garden. He examined its crop and
found that it contained only the wing cases of a small black beetle. Mr.
F. W. Frohawk, writing in Country Life of the same week (Feb. 11th,
p. 187), quotes Dr. Collinges as having examined the stomachs of 194 of
these birds and proved their harmless nature. All three of these writers
contend that the bad character given to the Little Owl is entirely undeserved
and based on no evidence at all.
‘““Snowblunts.” . The Rev. C. V. Goddard, Rector of Baverstock,
writes that the old Clerk there tells him that Chaffinches used to be called
“ Chilfinches,” there, and that “ Snowblunts,” a small bird with white streaks
about it, used to come in the winter. This apparently can only refer to the
Snow Bunting (Plectrophanes nivalis) as ‘‘ Snowflake ” is a recognised name
for these birds in the north, and “Snowblunt” is Wiltshire for a slight
snowstorm. The fact is worth recording as Smith only mentions the
occasional occurrence of the bird in Wilts, and all his references are from
the southern half of the county.
1A J.ocal Fund has been opened at Swindon to assist in providing a
proper fence for the ‘“ Little Reservoir” at Coate, which is to serve the
purpose of a “Sanctuary.” Up to October 1922, this fund amounted to
about £37. Anyone interested in Bird Life in Wilts might do worse than
send a small subscription to the Hon. Secretary of the N. Wilts Field and
Camera Club, 22, Farringdon Street, Swindon.
Natural History Notes, 79
White and Pied Birds. I saw, in company with Capt. Medlicott, in
the garden at Sandfield, Potterne, this summer (1922) a hen Robin with
| white feathers in both wings and in the tail, looking quite unlike a robin
| when in flight. It apparently had a nest close by, as it was being fed by
| the cock bird.
In the Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 7th, 1922, Captain Brodrick, of Avebrick
| Farm, near Pewsey, reports the presence there of a pair of White Swallows
| which he was carefully protecting. .
A male entirely white Woodcock was shot by Mr. Frank Cundell, Nov.
| 29th, 1921, at Chisbury Wood, Bedwyn, and was illustrated in Country Life,
| March 18th, 1922.
Dr. R. C. Clay, of the Manor House, Fovant, writes :—“ On 30th July,
| 1922, I saw a _ semi-albinistic variety of the Common Wheatear
on Wylye Down. I observed the —bird through prismatics at a
| distance of 30 yards for 10 or 15 minutes. Its head, back, tail, and wings
| were of a uniform cream colour, except for the pure white patch at the base
of the tail. The neck, breast, and underparts were pure white. The tail
and primary wing feathers were tipped with black on the underside. A
pair of old Wheatears and two fully-fledged young ones—all with normal
| plumage—were close by.” Ep. H. Gopparp.
Great Grey Shrike. The Rev. W. R. F Addison, writing from
Chaplain’s Quarters, Bulford Camp, says ;—“ On Dec. 26th, 1921, in the
afternoon, I saw a Great Grey Shrike near Sling Camp, two miles east of
| Bulford village.”
Hen Harrier. Dr. R.C. Clay, writing Sept. 22nd, 1922, says :—‘* I saw
|} a female Hen Harrier at Fifield (Bavant) a week ago.”
Bittern. Mr. R.S. Newall writes:—«A Bittern was killed in Codford
water meadow on Jan. 4th, 1918, in mistake for a Heron.”
Snowy Owl. The Rev. F. G. Walker, Rector of Upton Lovel, writes,
April 8th, 1922:—“ There have been at least two ‘Snowy Owls’ in this
village this winter. One was here at the end of October, hovering over our
garden and paddock and round about. My wife and I and several other
people saw it. At the end of March another was seen by my son and others.
'The retired farmer, a keen witted and keen eyed old man, who was with
my wife and myself when we saw it, said that he had seen the bird several
‘times in his life, which has been Spent mostly in Little Langford, and
recognised it at once. It was seen that afternoon by several of the villagers,
who remarked that they had never noticed a bird like it before. We saw
Hit about 3.30 p.m. I have been a bird observer al] my life in many parts
of England and I am quite positive about it.” [This is a matter of con-
siderable interest. The Snowy Owl (Surnia nyctea) is a bird of northern
regions and only an occasional visitor to Southern Britain. The Rev. A. C,
i} ci . . . ° . . ° . - .
Smith, in his Wiltshire Birds, gives no instance of its occurrence in this
jcounty. E. H. G.]
we -
80 Natural History Notes.
Polecat at Marston Meysey. Mr. Alfred Williams, of South Marston,
in his recently published book, Round about the Upper Thames, p. 208,
wrote :—‘‘ In a corner of the field, in which a large pile of loose thorn bushes
has been stacked, I chanced upon a Polecat with a small bird in its mouth.”
In view of the fact that only one instance of the occurrence of the Polecat
in Wilts has been recorded since 1885, that at Fisherton Delamere in 1921.
(W.A.M. xli., 429), I wrote to Mr. Williams and asked him to give me par-
ticulars. He answered :—‘‘ The Polecat I saw during the late winter of
1913—14 near Marston Meysey, and I was close to it. It is the first I ever
saw in nature, and I asked several people about it and gathered that in a
wood lying between Marston Meysey and Fairford, there are, or were, (1914
—1915) several Polecats at least.” ‘This is interesting, though there is, per-
haps, the possibility that it may have been a ‘‘ Polecat-Ferret” run wild.
Ep. H. Gopparp.
Plant Notes. Mrs. Herbert Richardson, of Wilton, writing Aug. 18th,
1922, notes the occurrence of Jnula helenitum on Windmill Common, near
Clouds (Knoyle), and of a large patch of Geranium striatum, and a smaller
one of Antennarta mergaritacea, together with Saponaria officinalis (Soap-
wort), double and single, at Chilmark Quarries. No doubt all the three
fast are escapes from Quarrymen’s Cottages, though the Soapwort and the
Geranium seem to have established themselves in some quantity.
Mr. C. Thorold, of Bromham Rectory, sent, Aug. 21, 1922, a specimen
(the only one found) from the foot of the downs above Netherstreet, which
certainly appears to be C'nzcus tuberosus. This is a new locality for this
rare plant. The Rev. H. G. O. Kendall also tells me that he found a few |
plants of it in 1919 at the foot of Golden Ball Hill in Pewsey Vale. ;
The Rev.’C. V. Goddard notes Papaver hybridum in the Rectory garden |
at Baverstock (1922). Senecio erucifolius has been identified at Clyffe |
Pypard (1922). Mr. R. G. Gwatkin writes:—‘“I found a specimen of |
Lepidium latifolium growing here (Potterne) by the side of the road last |
autumn and flowered it ina pot. How a marsh plant could have got into |
such a situation I do not know.” .
. Ep. H. Gopparp.
Insects of the Highworth District. [I should like to add High-
worth to the list of localities in North Wilts where the Comma Butterfly |
has appeared in the last few years. The first specimens seen here to my |
knowledge were a pair in September, 1919, and I saw two the next Septem- |
ber, and three in September, 1921, all on Michaelmas Daisies. They all |
seemed fond of flying to rotten “ windfall ” apples, apparently for moisture.
A colony of the Marbled White exists to the north of the town, |
in the water-meadows of Bydemill Brook. ‘The Green Forester also |
occurs.
In September, 1915, a specimen of the rare variety of the Small Copper |
(Chrysophanus phlaeas, var. schmidti) which has the usual markings on |
a silvery white ground, was taken by my brother between here and South |
Marston.
Natural History Notes. 81
Vespa arborea nested in 1920 in a young Austrian Pine a few yards from
my window, and in 1921 a nest was started suspended from the roof inside
apigstye. Vespa crabro, the Hornet, is practically absent from the dis-
trict ; the only specimen I have seen was one which flew in at a window
some Six years ago.
The only true Horse Fly which occurs in large numbers is Haematopota
pluvialts, locally called “Stouts.” Therioplectes tropicus and Chrysops
caecutvens are less numerous. ‘The males of the latter are attracted by
Hogweed.
The only true Robber Fly I have noticed is Machimus atricapillus, but
there are two species of Doctria besides the universal D. rufipes, namely
D. atricapilla and D. baumhaueri.
I have seen Horse Bot Flies (Gastrophilus equi) attacking horses both
here and at Kingsdown, but neither this nor the Ox Warble Fly (Hypoderma
loneata) is common enough to be a serious danger.
The disused Wilts and Berks Canal near here has become a breeding
sround of the rather rare aquatic fly Odontomyza ornata. With it occur
O. tigrina and Stratiomys furcata.
Other flies worth recording, which I have caught in the neighbourhood,
are Stratiomys potamida, Bombylius canescens (Verrall’s nearest record is
Wyre Forest, Worcester), Sargus flavipes, Zodion cinereum, Volucella
pellucens, and Chrysotoxum bicinctum. Bombylius canescens was hovering
over an old sand quarry, and also near the burrows of solitary bees between
the stones of a crazy pavement in the garden. W. J. ARKELL.
|
| The Clouded Yellow (Colas edusa). A single specimen was seen in
_ the garden of Clyffe Vicarage, two were taken and others seen at Avebury
| in August, 1922, by the son of the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall, and J. 8. Puck-
_ tidge, writing from Milton Lilbourne Vicarage, in Wiltshire Gazette, Sept.
_ 7th, notes that four specimens had been captured, and one of the var.
_ Helice seen there. These butterflies have also occurred this year elsewhere
in N. Wilts. Ep. H. Gopparb.
_ The Comma (V. c. album). Mrs. Herbert Richardson, of the Red
_ House, Wilton, reports one seen in the garden there on October 18th, 1921,
and in the Wiltshire Gazette, September 7th, 1922, J. S. Puckridge notes
that he had taken two specimens in the past month at Milton Lilbourne. I
_ myself saw a specimen in the Vicarage garden at Clyffe Pypard on April
| 21st, 1922, and two at Winterbourne Monkton in August. Mr. R. G.
_ Gwatkin writes that he had never seen the butterfly in Wilts before 1921,
_when he took several specimens in the Manor House garden at Potterne,
and that Capt. Jones, of Seend, had taken two in his garden there in 1920,
and had also taken specimens at ‘“Inwoods,” or “ Daniel’s Wood,” near
| Lacock. Ep. H. GoppaRrp.
|
i
‘VOL. XLII.—NO. CXXXVIL. G
|
82
WILTS OBITUARY.
‘Bishop Huyshe Wolcott Yeatman-Biggs, F.S.A., died
April 14th, 1922, aged 77. Buried at Stockton. B. 1845, younger s. of —
Harry Farr Wenian. of Marston House, Dorset, and Emma, d. of —
Harry Biggs, of Si oalkion House. Educated at Winchester and —
Emmanuel Coll., Camb. (Dixie Scholar). B.A. 1867, M.A. 1871, D.D. —
1891. Hon. Fellow 1905. Deacon 1869; priest 1870 (Salisbury). |
Curate of St. Edmunds, Salisbury, 1869—77; Chaplain to Bp. Moberly |
1875—85 ; Vicar of Netherbury with ;Coles Ash, Dorset, 1877—79 ; |
St. Bartholomew’s, Sydenham, 1879—91 ; Examining Chaplain to Bp. |
of Winchester 1891; Hon. Canon of Rochester 1884—1905 ; Proctor, |
Diocese of Rochester, 1891—1905; Warden of St. Saviour’s Coll.,
Southwark, 1894; Sub-Dean, 1898—1905; Select Preacher, Oxford, |
1894; Cambridge, {1905, 1909, 1913. In 1891 he was consecrated ;
Suffragan Bishop of Southwark, in Rochester Diocese, where he was |
specially engaged in preparing for the formation of the new diocese, |
and organising the Church of St. Saviour’s as the future Cathedral. |
He also* founded; the ‘Greyladies,” a body of voluntary Church |
workers. In 1905 he became Bishop of Worcester, where he once |
more prepared the way for the constitution of a new diocese by raising |
funds and organising St. Michael’s, Coventry, as a Collegiate Church, |
with voluntary canons, and in 1918, when the Diocese of Coventry was |
established, he left Worcester and became the first Bishop of Coventry
at the age of 73. He only resigned the see in March, 1922, a month |
before his death. Of his work at Worcester the Zmes remarks :— |
““The Bishop’s tastes were those of a country gentleman, and the most |
valuable part of his diocesan work was his care for the country parishes |
he thoroughly understood the difficulties of the country clergy |}
and recognized the importance of their work . . . Astheowner of |}
considerable estates his sympathies were with the landed gentry of |}
England, and his strong conservatism was shown when he dissociated }
himself from the other bishops to join the little body of ‘ diehards’ in ||
their opposition to the Parliament Act in the House of Lords.” “ The |
Bishop possessed great charm of manner and dispensed a gracious]
hospitality at Hartlebury Castle. Without any claim to deep erudition, |
he had a real love for learning and his' knowledge of antiquarian matters |
was exceptionally thorough, he took a personal interest in questions of |
Church architecture, and was watehful to veto any proposals for Church |)
restoration which involved the sacrifice of historical associations.” “ He}
laboured earnestly to bring the .Jeading laity of the diocese in touch}
with diocesan affairs.” He added the name of Biggs to his: family |
name when in 1898 he inherited the Biggs estate at Stockton from his,
elder brother, Gen. Yeatman Biggs, the restorer of Stockton House, |
and he had purchased the Yeatman family property at Stock Gaylard)
(Dorset) from a near relative. He had recently sold Stockton House)
Wilts Obituary. 83
“and estate, retaining only the residence of Long Hall, near the Church:
He married in 1875 Lady Barbara Caroline Legge, sixth daughter of
the fourth Karl of Dartmouth, who died in 1909. Two sons and one
_ daughter survive him.
Long obit. notice, Z%mes, April 17th ; Wiltshire Gazette, April 20th;
Salisbury Journal, April 21st, 1922.
Admiral Sir Walter James Hunt-Grubbe, G.C.B.,
died at Devizes, April 11th, 1922, aged 89. Cremated and buried at
Sea View, I. of Wight. Born Feb. 23rd, 1833, s. of the Rev. James
Andrew Hunt-Grubbe, at Chitterne S. Mary, the home of his grand-
father, Rev. William Richards. Naval Cadet on H.M. Sloop King-
fisher, 1845—47; Midshipman, 1848; Mate, 1851—53; Lieutenant,
H.M.S. Scourge, received thanks of Governor of Gold Coast for good
work against a native attack at Accra, 1854; Lieutenant and Com-
mander H.M. Steam Vessel Teazeron W. Coast of Africa ; promoted
Commander, 1861, for gallant service against natives in the Gambia
River ; Captain of H.M.S. Flora and Captain in charge of Ascension
Island, 1866 ; Captain of H.M.S. Tamar, 1872; severely wounded in
the left hand whilst commanding Naval Brigade at Amoaful, near
Coomassie in the Ashanti War ; C.B., 1874; Captain of H.M.S. Sultan
at bombardment of Alexandria, 20th April, 1882, specially mentioned
in despatches ; K.C.B., Rear-Admiral, 1884; Commander-in-Chief on
the Cape and West Coast of Africa Station, 1885—1888 ; Admiral
Superintendent of Devonport Dockyard, 1888 ; Vice-Admiral 1890 ;
President of Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1894; Admiral,
1895 ; G.C.B., 1899. He married, 1867, Mary Ann, d. of Will. Cod-
_rington, of Wroughton;she died 1908. He had two sons and two
daughters.
Obit. notices, Zimes and. Wiltshire Gazette (with detailed notice of
services), April 13th. Portraits, Zimes, April 13th; Daily Sketch,
| April 15th, 1921.
i
‘ord Ernest St. Maur, died May 21st, 1922, aged 75, at Wilcot
Manor. Buried at Maiden Bradley. Born Nov. 11th, 1847, 3rd s. of
14th Duke of Somerset and Horatia Isabella Harriet (Morier). Edu-
cated at Harrow and Trinity Hall, Camb. Married, 1907, Dora, d. of
Rev. John Constable, Rector of Marston Biggott, Som. He leaves no
children. He bought Wilcot Manor House about two years ago. Be-
‘| fore that he lived at Burton Hall, Loughborough. By his death Brig.-
Gen. Sir Edward Hamilton Seymour becomes heir to the Dukedom.
Obit. notices, Zimes, May 23rd; Walts Gazette, May 25th, 1922.
daarles J. Hungerford Pollen, died April sth, 1922. For
many years he did much work for discharged prisoners in London, and
_ was on the House Committee of St. George’s Hospital. During the
' war. he worked hard for service men at Victoria and Paddington
Stations. Latterly he had lived at Rodbourne and was for a time
| Chairman of the Malmesbury Bench of Magistrates.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, April 20th, 1922.
84 Wilts Obitwary.
Lord Manton, killed whilst hunting with the Warwickshire hounds. |
on March 13th, 1922. Buried at Offchurch (Warw.). As Mr. Joseph
Watson he owned until a few years ago one of the largest soap works |
in the country at Leeds, and at Selby a large oil cake factory. Having
disposed of these tencenes he bought land largely, owning at the time}
of his death 30,000 acres, including the Compton Verney estate in)
Warwickshire, calif? he bought from Lord Willoughby de Broke, much
land in Suffolk, and the Manton estate and training establishmema
which he bought from Mr. Alec Taylor. It was from this that he took, ]
his title of Lord Manton, when raised to the peerage shortly before hig! 3
death.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, March 16th, 1922.
Col. William Vilett Rolleston, died Nov., 1921. Buried at
Blunsdon St. Andrew. Son of George Rolleston, of the Isle of Wight,
he inherited the fortune of his uncle, Col. Vilett, and lived in the Old)
Manor House, in the Market Square, Swindon. The Rolleston estate|
comprised the land in what is now the heart of New Swindon, Com-
mercial Road, Rolleston Street, Victoria Road, &c., and was let out on!
building leases by him. About 20 years ago he wen to live at Salt-
ford, near Bath, where he died. He had held commissions in the 17th
Regt. and 2nd West Indian Regt., and was Lt.-Col. commanding the!
5th (Militia) Batt. of the Middlesex Regt. in S. Africa in 1902. Since
1903 he had been Hon. Col. of the Battalion. At Saltford he was active
in Local Government work. He was a fellow of the Zoological and|
Royal Botanical Societies. He married, 1864, Martha Florence, d of
Joseph Morris, of Hill House, Notts, and leaves two sons, S. V. Rolles;
ton, barrister, and Capt. George Rolleston, of the Shropshire Light
Infantry, and three daughters. |
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 1st, 1921.
Wardour, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, died December 15th]
1921. Buried at Downside. Born, Dee. 20th, 1859, s. of Theodor
Arundell. Succeeded his cousin in the title 1907. Married, 1895,
Ellen, widow of J. Melbourne Evans. He left no children, and if
succeeded by his brother, Gerald Arthur Arundell, b. 1861, married)
1906, Ivy, d. of Capt. W. F. Segrave. |
Rev. Robert Henry Codrington, Died Sept., 1922, aged 91)
Fellow of Wadham College, Oxon,, B.A. 1852, M.A. 1857, Hon. D.D)
1885. Deacon 1855, priest 1857 (Oxon). Hon. Fellow of Wadhan)
College 1901. Preb. of Chichester 1888—1895. Curate of St. Peter|)
in the East, Oxford. Missionary in Melanesia till 1887, Vicar ©
Wadhurst 1887—93. Commissary for Diocese of Melanesia 1888—997
Examining Chaplain to Bp. of Chichester 1894—1902.
The Times, in an obit. notice, says :—“ He lives as the Apostle of th”
Pacific, the great missionary teacher of Melanesia. He wrote th
grammars and vocabularies of thirty-four languages ; he also recorde|”
Wilts Obituary. 85
the folk lore of the Melanesians and translated the Bible into their
_ tongues.”
Amongst his works were :-—
_ “Melanesian Languages.” 1885.
_ “The Melanesians.” 1891.
_ “Dictionary of the Mota Language.” 1896.
Obit. notice, Guardian, Sept. 10th, 1922.
{
s D’Oyley Medlicott, died suddenly March 7th, 1922, aged
69, at Sandfield, Potterne. Buried at Potterne. Widow of Henry E.
Medlicott (died 1916), whom she married 1874, and mother of Mrs.
Rogers, who died a year ago. No family was ever more intimately
connected with the welfare of their parish and neighbourhood or more
affectionately respected therein. As her husband had been “ The Father
of the Parishioners,” and her daughter one of the best known and
most popular figures in Central Wiltshire—so she herself was ‘The
Mother of the Parishioners, who enjoyed the confidence and affection
of all, one of whom none ever spoke unkindly.”
Obit. notices and appreciations, Wzlts Gazette, March 9th and 16th,
1922.
fargaret Ewart, died March 2nd, 1922, aged 87. Buried at
| Ewhurst, Surrey. Daughter of William Ewart, of Broadleas, Potterne.
On her father’s death in 1869 she bought Broadleas and lived there
until her death. A woman of much intellectual power, and of great
independence of thought and judgment, of wide reading and many
interests, (politics, gardening, and painting among them,) ever ready to
assist in any good work or to give a helping hand wherever it was
needed, she filled in former years a large place in the Devizes and
Potterne neighbourhood. She retained to the last the activity of mind
that had always been hers, and died truly regretted by rich and poor
alike.
Long obit. notice and appreciation, Waltshire Gazette, March 9th and
16th, 1922.
‘The Passing of a Victorian,’ by Wilfred Ewart, an article in
| Country Life, reprinted in Wiltshire Gazette, April 20th, 1922,
| though no names are mentioned, obviously describes Broadleas, and
| its late owner, Miss Ewart, all rather from the 20th Century point
of view.
s |
BProria Florence de Burgh Gibbs, died March, 1920, d.
| of Walter and Lady Doreen Long, of Rood Ashton. minced! 1901,
George Abraham Gibbs, eldest s. of Anthony Gibbs, of Tyntesfield,
near Bristol. “She had been at the head of every good movement in
- the City of Bristol, and more especially during the war.” “ Via. Gibbs :
a Memoir,” by Madeline Alston (Constable, 18s. net), is noticed in The
| Times, July 7th, 1921.
-
; i
86. Wilts Obituary.
William Bolland Treacher, died June 25th, 1922, aged’ 81.
Cremated and buried at Bath. B. in London, Sept. 2nd, 1841. Retina
from business in London he lived first at Bath, then at onion House,
Coulston, for some years, afterwards at Blacklands House, Calne, and
for a good many years before his death at Northfield House, Calne,
J.P. for Wilts, member of Calne Town Council 1914, Mayor, 1916, 1917,
and 1918, during the years of the war, and Chairman of the a
He took a prominent part in the public business of Calne. A strong
Churchman and Conservative. =
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, June 29th, 1922. |
I
4
I
=|
|
John Rowan Hamilton O’Regan, died suddenly June 30th,
1922. B. at Dublin, educated at Clifton and Ball. Coll., Oxford. Had
been a master at Menibereusn College for twenty- uot years. Had
been an Irish hockey international, and had played for Wiltshire
Popular both in college and town. Edited for the Oxford University
Press ‘The German War of 1914.” He leaves a widow and three
children. me,
Obit. notice, Wale Gazette, July 6th, 1922.
Capt. Vere Benett Stanford, M.C., s. of ne ie M. Benetel
Stanford, died at Hatch House, May 30th, aged 38. Buried at Norto Db
Bavant. B. April 3rd, 1894. 4
7
j
|
:
;
|
Alfred London, died May 3rd, 1922, aged 81. Birkel. at Dev
Cemetery. Born at Ross-on-Wye. Educated at Winchester Trai
College. Headmaster of Southbroom School for over 30 years. Serv
in the old “ Dismounted Yeomanry,” and afterwards as sergeant in
2nd Wilts Volunteer Batt. Well-known and widely respected
Devizes. =
Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, May 4th, 1922. —
||
Alfred Wheeler, died May, 1922, aged ‘6. Coming from Bridenonti ia
1874 as headmaster of St. Edmund’s School, he remained there till 1911);
when he retired. He held many offices in Salisbury, representing the
teachers on the County Education Committee and the Board of;
Education, was local secretary of the Church Teachers’ Benevolent
Institution, and president of the Salisbury Teachers’ Association,
Very widely respected in Salisbury, and more especiat ye in connection)
with St. Edmund’s parish.
Obit. notices, Salisbury Journal, April 28th; Wz! aie Gazette, May
4th, 1922. |
tk
William Oliver, died Nov. 6th, 1921. Buried at Minety. Grand q
son of Dr. Oliver, of Bath, of “Oliver’s Biscuits” fame. Born at
Newton Abbot, Devon! married Elizabeth, widow of Major Dickensor
and daughter of Rev. John Griffith, Rector of Merthyr. He leaves 4
son and daughter. Owned property round Minety and at Yearscombe| | |
|
Wilts Obituary. 87 |
~(Som.). Lived at The Mansells, Minety, and was. well-known as a
hunting man. |
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 17th, 1921. :
William Welch Giffard, died Oct. 28th, 1921, aged 63. Buried
at Blackford (Som.). F ormerly at the Wilts and Dorset Bank, Salis-
bury. An authority in the matter of bells. Possessed rubbings and
and casts of inscriptions and founders’ marks from ancient bells all
over the country, particularly in Wilts, Dorset, and Somerset. A noted
change-ringer, who took part in a ee number of long peéals all over
England. Formerly head of St. Martin’s ringers, Salisbury. He gave
the second bell there when the peal was augmented from six to eight,
in 1886. Member of the Ancient Society of College Youths. Muftled
peals in his memory were rung at all the Salisbury Churches.
Arthur Nuth, died Jan. 7th, 1922. Buried at Everley. S. of Ben-
i) jamin Nuth, of Somerset. Came in 1871, with his father, to Everley
(Lower House and Lower Everley Farm), where he continued to farm
after his father’s death, until the estate was broken up and sold, when
in 1918, he retired to live at the Manor House, Beechingstoke. He
mairied a daughter of John Banks, of Bromham, who survives him.
He had no children. He acted as Guardian and District Councillor
for about 40 years, latterly as vice-chairman, and then as chairman, of
the Pewsey District Council. He represented Collingbourne on the
County Council, and was a member of several important committees.
Well-known as an agriculturist, and much esteemed at Everley, where
he held many public offices.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 12th, 1922.
Rev. Henry Westenra Walsh, died Feb. 22nd, 1922. Buried |
at Kollestone. S. of Henry Walsh, judge, of nen Chichester
Theological College, 1872 ; Deacon, 1874; Priest, 1876 (Salisbury) ;
: Curate of Winterslow, 1874—77 ; Chaplain to the Earl of Huntingdon,
| | 1875; Rector of Rollestone, 1877, until his death.
Obit. notice, Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, April, 1922.
/Edward Harcourt Skrine, died Jan., 1922, aged 71. Buried at.
Colombo. 8B. 1849, fourth s. of Henry Duncan Skrine, D.L., of
Claverton Manor, Bath, and Stubbings (Berks). Married, 1889, Mary,
d. of Mr. Mitchell, of Dublin. Lived for many years at Inwoods,
'__ Bradford-on-Avon. He leaves two daughters.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Times, Feb. 4th, 1922.
William Henry Hillier, d. at Hastings, Jan., 1922, aged 82.
B. at Burbage, of a farming family. At 15 he went to London and
obtained a situation as learner at Messrs. Wisdom, Mart, & Co., of
‘ Wood Street, London, wholesale hosiery and underwear firm, gradually
working his way up until, in 1902, he became general manager, refusing
apartnership. He resigned, after fifty-five years’ service, in 1910. He
88 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
had lived at Hastings since 1882, where he took a prominent part in
the public life of the place, and was greatly respected.
Obit. notices, Hastings Observer, and Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 9th, 1922.
Rev. Richard Edward Coles, died Aug. 5th, 1922, aged 82,
Buried at Bladon. Pemb. Coll., Oxon., B.A. 1862. Deacon 1863,
Priest 1864 (Winchester). Curate of Petersfield, 1863—68; Chaplain — |
of Petersfield Union, 1863—71; Curate of Sheet, 1868—71; Berk-
hampsted St. Peter, 1871—72 ; Loughton, 1872—76 ; Vicar of Halsetown
(Corn.), 1876—86; Rector of Corsley, 1886—1902, when he retired to
Woodstock. Examiner at St. Boniface Coll., Warminster, and a
Diocesan Lecturer on Church History. He organised Botany classes
in the elementary schools, and continued the work after he had left
the diocese. Author of a series of Hymns on the Church Catechism,
with an introduction by Bp. Wordsworth, 1894.
Obit. notices, Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Aug. and Sept., 1922;
Wiltshire Times, Aug. 19th, 1922.
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS,
AND ARTICLES.
{[N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views in
any way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works. |"
and to editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, tosend |
him copies of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers. |
The Age of Stonehenge. A series of letters appeared in the
Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 15th, 22nd, 29th, and Oct. 13th, 1921, from
Mr. E. H. Stone and the Rev. G. H. Engleheart respectively, the former
upholding the astronomical theory of Sir Norman Lockyer, the latter
attacking it.
The Age of Stonehenge, deduced from the Orien-
tation of its Axis. By E.H.Stone. The Nineteenth Century,
Jan., 1922. 105—115. |
“This paper is intended as an appreciation of the good work donein |
this connection by that distinguished astronomer, Sir Norman Lockyer, |
work which has been much misrepresented by persons who have not
taken the trouble to understand it.” This foreword exactly defines the
object and contents of the paper. It is meant to be a counter-blast to
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 89
the vigorous onslaught on the astronomical theory by the Rev. G. H.
Engleheart, during the Warminster Meeting of the Society in 1921, and
subsequently in the pages of the Wiltshire Gazette, and on the similar
criticisms of Rice Holmes in his Ancient Britain, which are especially
referred toin the article. Mr. Stone sets out in full detail the grounds
on which Lockyer based his calculations,ex plains what those calculations
were, and how the resulting date, computed by Stockwell’s Tables, of
about 1680 B.C., was arrived at. Then, working himself from the
tables computed by Simon Newcomb, given in the 11th edition of the
Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. VIII., p. 895, more recent and accurate
than those of Stockwell, he brings the date of erection to 1840 B.C.,
with as Lockyer held, a possible error of about 200 years on either side.
He sums up Lockyer’s statements thus :—
“ First. The point on the horizon at which Midsummer sunrise
occurs was at one time in line with the axis of Stonehenge. It
has since shifted by a measurable angle towards the east.
“ Second. ‘The rate per century at which this change in sunrise
position has taken place is dependent on the change in the obliquity
of the Ecliptic, the rate for which is approximately known.
“Third. Hence, the azimuth of the Stonehenge Axis having been
ascertained, the date at which Midsummer sunrise took place at
that position can be determined approximately by any competent
computer.
“These statements are not ‘ Theories. ‘They are absolute and
incontrovertible truths depending on the physical constitution of
the solar system.”
But archeologists do not doubt the accuracy of the calculations.
What they find it so difficult to accept is the necessary assmption that
the people who lived on Salisbury Plain when the avenue of Stonehenge
was constructed, were at the same time so advanced in culture as to be
able to direct their axis zntentzonally towards the point of sunrise at
one particular day in the year with extraordinary and minute accuracy,
and yet were satisfied with a building of the extremely rude character
of Stonehenge. Is there any evidence of a like accuracy in planning
among any of the existing backward races of the world, even in the
case of peoples presumably in a considerably more advanced stage of
civilisation than any that could have existed in Britain in 1840 B.C. ?
It is this basal assumption that is the difficulty. If the people of that
age were capable of conceptions and of work of this type, why have
they left nothing but the rude implements of the later Stone or earlier
Bronze Ages which synchronise with the date arrived at? That con-
sideration naturally seems of no account to the astronomer or the
mathematician—it is not his business—but it is very much the business
of the archeologist.
Mr. Stone incidentally dwells on a point often overlooked or forgotten,
namely, that the point of the Heel Stone is not in the line of the axis
of Stonehenge, but some 6ft. to the east of it, and that the sun has
never yet risen over it, and will not do so for more than 1000 years
to come.
90 ; Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.’
The Age of Stonehenge, Deduced from Archzologi-
cal Considerations. By E. Herbert Stone. A series of
articles in the Waltshire Gazette, March 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th, April
6th, 1922, dealing with the whole problem at considerable length,
and marshalling the opinion of writers who have dealt with the sub-
ject, under the following heads:—“‘Some Notes on Chronology,”
“Distribution of Population,” “Stonehenge and the Barrows,” “The
Four Stations,” “ Stone Circles,” “The Design of Stonehenge,” “The
Results of Excavation,” ‘‘ Opinions regarding Date,” “Summary and
Conclusion.” Mr. Stone sets forth the evidence relied upon by the
various writers, whose opinions he quotes very, fairly and in some de-
tail. He then sums up the value of that evidence as it appears to him-
self, and concludes against the Bronze Age date of the structure, that
the evidence of the surrounding Barrows proves nothing either as to
the age or the purpose of Stonehenge, that the two mounds within the
earth circle have been proved not to be Round Barrows at all, that
Stonehenge cannot be considered as on a par with other Rude Stone
Circles in Britain, that the presence of the copper stain cannot be
relied on to prove a Bronze Age date, and that the work of shaping
the stones was executed entirely with stone tools.
“The evidence available at present appears therefore against a date
in the Bronze Age and in favour of a date in the Neolithic Period.
The style of the architectural design and the engineering ability dis-
played in the execution of the work, would appear to indicate the end
of that period. This might be about 2000 B.C.”
In the issues of April 6th and 13th were letters by the Rev. BE. Ge
Goddard expressing doubt as to the value of the “bronze stain” as
evidence of age, and arguing that the “Hammer Stones” and large
‘‘ Mauls,” which he regards as essentially of the same character as the
common sarsen “ Hammerstones ” or “ Mullers,” and presumably used
in the same way for pounding and rubbing sarsen surfaces, may well
be of any age down to Late Celtic or Romano- British times, just as the
common “hammerstones” certainly are, and so cannot be taken as
evidence of Neolithic date. In the issue of April 13th the Rev. G. H.
Engleheart had a long letter arguing on the other hand that the flint
and stone implements are strong evidence for a Neolithic date, whilst
the bronze stain he agrees is of very slight weight as evidence of a
Bronze Age date. He goes on to disagree with Mr. Stone as to
the purpose of Stonehenge, holding strongly that its origin was sepul-
chral, and that it was connected with the Barrows round it, an idea
which Mr. Stone had strongly repudiated. To these letters Mr. Stone
replied on April 20th. Mr. Passmore also had letters on April 13th
and 27th.
Stonehenge: concerning the four stations. By E. H.
Stone. Mature, April 1st, 1922. The “stations” are the two mounds
and the two stones just within the earth circle. Photographs of the
two stones are given with a plan showing the position of the —
Py =m
Be a cet ee cee ae ee
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. | 91>
“stations” in relation to the circle and the avenue Hoare opened |
both mounds but only found a burnt interment in the northern mound.
In consequence both mounds have been taken to be barrows of the
Bronze Age, and it has been argued that the ditch and bank of the
earth circle are of the Bronze Age or later because they appear to in-
fringe on one of these “ barrows.” Mr. Stone follows Flinders Petrie
in drawing attention to the fact that these stones and mounds are
placed symmetrically, at the same distance from the centre of Stone-
henge, and exactly opposite each other. The conclusion he draws is
that they cannot have been so placed by accident, but are parts of the
general scheme of the monument. He thinks there was originally a
stone where each mound now stands, and that they are not barrows,
_ but that the burnt interment found by Hoare is later than the original
stone or mound.
Stonehenge. Notes on the Midsummer Sunrise.
By E. Herbert Stone. Jfan, August, 1922, pp. 114—118. These notes
are really a supplement to the article on the age of Stonehenge, by
the same author, in the Nineteenth Century for January, 1922, and
contain three very accurately drawn diagrams illustrating the gradual
decrease in the obliquity of the Ecliptic upon which the idea of the
possibility of dating the erection of Stonehenge by astronomical means
is based. According to these calculations midsummer sunrise took
place on the axis of Stonehenge about 1840 B.C. It has never yet
taken place over the peak of the Heel Stone, and will not take place
in this position until about 3200 A.D. Sir Norman Lockyer put the
date of erection at 1680 B.C., but more recent and accurate calculations
by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, the results of which are
given in Mr. Stone’s diagrams, put back the date to 1840 B.C.
“ The Shadow Almanack of Stonehenge.’’ Dr. Alfred
Eddowes, in a letter to the J/orning Post of June 17th, 1922, recapitu-
lates shortly the theory propounded at the meeting of the British
Association in 1899, that Stonehenge is a sundial, that the grooved
bluestone held a high pole held in place by two withes (of which he
says the marks can be plainly discerned on the back of the stone), and
that the line of small holes across the corner of the slaughter stone
was made, or at least utilised, to mark the progress of the shadow.
Stonehenge. “When, why, and by whom it was erected. Some
account of the straightening and re-erecting of the Trilithons and Im-
posts.” A long article in Waltshire Times, Dec. 31st, 1921, apparently
by Harold J. Shepstone, and reprinted from the Windsor IMayazine,
with 8 photo blocks showing the process of straightening the stones,
all, with one exception, exceedingly ill-printed. The article is
practically an abstract of Col. Hawley’s paper read at Warminster, and
his account of the ditch and his conclusion that this is earlier than the
existing structure of Stonehenge is given.
2
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Fhe Mystery of Stonehenge, By a special Investigator. —
Two articles in The Times, June 8th and 9th, 1921, with the headings
“Magic Lore of the Builders—Old Bones and New Theories,” and
“Temple and Trading Centre. A Prehistoric Racecourse.” The
“Aubrey Holes” were the original sites of the foreign stones, a pre-
Celtic, probably Neolithic, circle which existed before the erection of
the present Stonehenge. This the Bronze Age people incorporated in
their subsequent and greater Stonehenge, removing the foreign stones
to the interior of their temple, the removal being celebrated by hnman
sacrifices, of which the cremated bones found in the Aubrey holes
are the remains. ‘These sacrifices are imagined in detail by the writer.
He suggests that Stonehenge, ‘‘in its day the greatest of all religious
buildings, would also become a centre of secular importance.” ‘‘ Ex-
cavations have brought to light a multitude of objects whose presence
can only be accounted for on the assumption that the neighbourhood
of Stonehenge was used either for dwelling or trading purposes.
There are no traces whatever of dwellings near Stonehenge, and these
finds can, therefore, be accepted as proof that the temple ultimately
came to be used as a primitive exchange.” “ Flint implements, glazed
pottery of adomestic type . . . beads, bronze ornaments and the
remains of animals.” ‘This, we are told, “establishes the contention
that Stonehenge was an intertribal meeting place for the bartering of
goods,” and a picture is drawn of rafts on the Avon, chariots of the
chieftains, tribesmen from the north with furs, processions of slaves,
and all the rest of it, all founded on a few fragments of pottery, an
object which may perhaps be a bronze bead, and a bronze ring which
may be of any age! “'I'he cursus was used for chariot racing and for
nothing else.” “The hard beaten ground at one end of the cursus
reveals even now the magnitude of the crowds which once collected
there”! “A General View of Stonehenge” accompanies these
imaginative articles, which were apparently written by J. kK. Gurdon,
who signs one short article in the L/lustrated London News, May 13th,
1922, which is an obvious abstract of the articles in Tre Times, accom-
panying a double-page bird’s-eye view of Stonehenge Restored and the
surrounding neighbourhood, entitled “A New Theory of Stonehenge :
the Temple in its perfect form, with the cursus (chariot race course) in
the left background, and a former backwater of the Avon, with a landing
stage for traders (right foreground), a reconstruction drawing, under
the title “ Was Stonehenge a Megalithic Epsom and Royal Exchange? ”
The Illustrated London News, April 15th, 1922, has an admirable
photograph from an aeroplane showing twenty-three of the “ Aubrey
holes” and the excavation of a portion of the ditch and one of the
“barrows” within the earth circle. A small ground plan, and a key
plan to the photograph are also given. A few notes by A. E. Lee
disagree with with the ideas set forth in the articles in The Times on
“The Mystery of Stonehenge.”
A short editorial article in The Times, June 10th, 1921, on the age
of Stonehenge with reference to the two articles noticed above,
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 93
concludes that there is no certain evidence for any date between the
extremes of 1800 B.C. and 500 A.D., while the issue of June 13th, 1921,
contains a letter by A. E. Lee arguing that the existing circle and
horseshoe of “‘ Foreign” stones occupy their original position and are
not concentric with the sarsen circle and horseshoe, but are the remains
of an earlier circle. He adopts the basis of Sir Norman Lockyer’s
calculations for the date of erection, and does not believe that the cursus
was a racecourse; as to the number of flint flakes he very rightly
attributes them to the making of the flint tools with which the stones
were faced. In the same issue W. J. Ferry writes an interesting letter,
in which he gives many authenticated instances of stones for megalithic
| structures in various parts of the world which have certainly been
| transported considerable distances, in some cases by sea. He thinks
| that Avebury and Stonehenge were centres of manufacture of flint
| implements which were exported to all parts of the country, and that
| other regions occupied by megaliths are mining regions, and that the
| megaliths were erected not by the indigenous tribes, but by “ foreigners
from the Mediterranean bent on exploiting the wealth of Britain.”
The Wiltshire Gazette of June ¥th and 16th, 1921, has a series of
ironical notes on “‘ The Stonehenge Stunt,” poking fun at The Times
articles.
The Ancient Highways and Tracks of Wiltshire,
Berkshire, & Hampshire, and the Saxon Battle-
fields of Wiltshire. By G. B. Grundy, D. Litt., Archxological
Journal, vol. lxxv., pp. 69—194 (Wilts portions 69—118, 175—194).
This is a bulky and important paper, based primarily on the evidence
of the 95 Saxon Charters, which are largely concerned with the
possessions of the Abbeys of Malmesbury, Wilton, and Shaftesbury, in
the neighbourhood of Malmesbury, Swindon, the Kennet basin, Pewsey
Vale, and in the south the valleys of the Wylye, Nadder, and Ebble,
with some in the S.W. of the county.
Dr. Grundy classes early roads as follows :—
Pre-Roman.—(1) Redgeways(Saxon Hrycgweg, or sometimes Here-
path), are through roads along the watershed.
(2) Summerways (Saxon Herepath). Dr. Grundy
maintains that “ nearly every one of the great
Ridgeways has its accompanying Summer-
way,” running along the sides or bottom of the
escarpments of the Downs, more or less parallel
with the Ridgeways on the top, as the ‘“ Ich-
nield Way ” runs along beneath the Uftington
White Horse, with the ‘“ Ridgeway” running
above it—the latter for winter, the former for
summer use. ‘This idea, as well as the name,
7 seems to be due entirely to Dr. Grundy.
| Romano-BritisH.—(1) Roman Roads (Saxon Straet, rarely Here-
} path).
|
94
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
(2) Romanised Roads, earlier roads with evidence of
some alteration in Roman times.
Saxon.—(1) New through tracks (Herepath=Highway).
(2) Weg, any kind of road or track, generally purely local.
He takes the county in sections and discusses the line of the various
roads mentioned in the charters, ‘* Kingway” in Norton, Broken-
borough, &c.; ‘ Via Regia” and ‘“ Broadway,” in Crudwell; The
Ridgeway from Malmesbury to Brinkworth and Swindon ; and that
from Purton to Wootton Bassett and Clyffe Pypard ; ‘‘ Broadway” in
Moredon. Of the name Ermine Street given to the Roman road from
Wanborough to Speen, no trace is to be found in the charters, and he
regards it as a modern invention. ‘The Romanroad from Wanborough
to Cunetio is called “ Brokene Strate” in Liddington and Badbury.
The Berkshire Portway is called “ Icenhilde Weg” at Little Hinton
as also in the Berkshire charters. The Ridgeway above does not bear
this name. This road is traced with the tumuli, camps, &c., on its
course from Bishopstone on the north, across Pewsey Vale to meet the
Ridgeway running E. and W. on Wilsford Hill. A Ridgeway is traced
from Marlborough to Barbury Camp, Uffcot and Salthrop; and an
ancient highway from Dauntsey to Christian Malford, Foxham, and
Brembill, called “‘ Rigweye” at Swallet Gate, and ‘‘ Elde Street” at
Foxham, where it branches, the modern names of ‘‘ Friday Street ” and
“ Harestreet ” being evidence of a certain Romanisation of the track ; it
probably went on via Studley, Sandy Lane, and Verlucio, to Beacon
Hill. ‘The course of the Roman roads from Cunetio to Spina is dis-
cussed. Dr. Grundy makes the point that where earlier roads passed
through districts afforested in post-Conquest times their traces are
generally lost, as rights of way were naturally not encouraged under
Forest Laws. Among other roads mentioned are the Herepath, Law-
path, or Legalis Semzta from Collingbourne Ducis by Everley to Old
Sarum ; the Herepath from Burbage to Pewsey and Manningford
Bruce ; the Ridgeway from Manningford to Marlborough ; the Bishops
Cannings Harepath or Harpit Way; the Ridgeway from Imber by
John-a-Gore’s Cross to Casterley Camp, and its accompanying summer-
way from Easterton through Erchfont to Rushall ; and the Ridgeways
on each side of the Imber Valley. Of the Roman road from Old
Sarum to Winchester Dr. Grundy notes that itis called Vheneldestrete
in a perambulation of the Forest of Clarendon temp. Ed. III. As to
the supposed Roman road through Groveley by Dinton. Beeches and
Lower Pertwood to the lead mines on Mendip, as traced by Hoareand
by others in modern days, Dr. Grundy does not believe in its existence
as a genuine Roman road and suggests that it is possible to get from
the Mendips to Old Sarum by a Ridgeway only a few miles longer
than, the suggested course of the Roman road. This Ridgeway went
from Wilton by Ditchampton, Grovéley, where stood the “ Powten
. Stone” (Puntes Stan, Poltenstan, Poulting stone), Stockton Earth-
works, Pertwood, White Sheet Hill, Kilmington, Druley, Upton Noble,
Doulting, to the lead mines and the mouth of the Axe. Many local
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. (95
roads are noted in the Wylye and Nadder valleys. The line of a
Ridgeway is traced from Harnham Bridge, by Harnham Hill, Bur-
combe, Compton, Chiselbury Camp, Fovant, and White Sheet Hill.
Several local roads are mentioned in Tisbury and the neighbourhood.
The Roman road 8.W. from Old Sarum is called in the charters Sewenes-
trete (Sevenna’s Street) in the 8.W. of Bower Chalke parish. The
probable course of the Ridgeway on the 8. watershed of the Ebble is
by Matrimony Farm, Great Yews, Stratford Tony, the Ox Drove,
Woodminton Down, and Win Green. The Great Ridgeway of W.
Wilts runs from Kilmington to Maiden Bradley, Baycliff Farm,
Horningsham, Cley Hill Camp, Chapmanslade, Lambsgate Farm, St.
George’s Cross, Beckington, Bradford-on-Avon, Maplecroft, Farleigh
Wick, Hatt House, Rudloe, Hartham Park, Biddestone, Yatton Keynell,
and Grittleton, to the Fosse. Dr. Grundy suggests that the sites of
Old Sarum, Marlborough (Cunetio), Malmesbury, Wootton Bassett,
and Wilton, were all determined by the fact that they are at the centres
of the network of Prehistoric Ridgeways in the county. In his
itineraries of the Ridgeways he notes the camps and the barrows that
lie so plentifully along their course, the latter ‘‘illustrating that
tendency common among early peoples to bury the illustrious dead be-
side frequented highways.” Dr. Grundy’s work will probably be
challenged considerably in detail by anyone who walks over the lines
suggested on the ground itself, for he has written almost entirely by
the light of the Ordnance Maps, and does not claim to have gone over
the course of the roads himself, but as a general conspectus of the
ancient roads of the county, his work fills a gap which badly wanted
filling.
As regards the Saxon battlefields, the Wodnesbeorh of the two
battles of A D 592 and 715 has been commonly identified with Wan-
borough, but on the Saxon charters Wanborough is spelt Wenbeorh,
the name of a barrow which has now disappeared. Dr. Grundy
agrees with Ekblom and Stevenson that Wanborough cannot be de-
rived from Wodnesbeorh and must therefore be given up as the site
of the battles. But a charter of Alton Priors, speaks of the spring
called Broadwell, and the Herepath to the west of Woden’s Barrow
(Wodnes Beorh), and he concludes that these points are certainly the
Ridgeway, and the Long Barrow, Adam’s Grave, on the W. side of it,
and here he, following Stevenson, very reasonably places the site of
the battles.
As to Ethandune, that perennial subject for argument, he holds by
the Wiltshire Edington, but places the PetraAegbryhta near Willoughby
Hedge, N.N.E. of W. Knoyle village, a meeting place of ridgeways, and
Igleah at Eastleigh Wood. a
Of Ellandune he argues from the charters against Canon Jones, Mrs.
Story Maskelyne, and others, that it did not include the high down 8S.
of Wroughton, but must have included parts of both the Lydiards as
. well as the N. part only of Wroughton, and that the battle took place
nearer the boundary of Purton and not on the downs to the south. It
ra ds er | ran
LA \
96 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
is really a question as to the weight to be assigned to apparently con-
flicting evidence, and Mrs. Story Maskelyne has strong ground in the —
fact that the “ Kllandune” property, belonging to Winchester, did in
later times extend right up to the Ridgeway below Barbury.
The site of the Battle of ‘*‘ Meretun,” or “‘ Maeredun,” A.D. 871, has
been placed at Marden, which Ekblom derives from “Meorh” “ Horse.”
But a Beechingstoke charter calls this valley “‘ Mearcdenu,” “ boundary
dean,’ doubtless the original of Marden, which could never have been
“ Meretun.” Dr. Grundy therefore identified the site of the battle as
Marten, near Bedwyn, but does not seem to know that he has been
anticipated in this identification by Mr. W. M. Adams (W.A.JM/,, xli.,
312). Cynete, the site of a defeat of the Danes in 1006 A.D., has been
placed at Kintbury (Berks). Dr. Grundy suggests East Kennet as
more likely.
Wiltshire Essays. By Maurice Hewlett. Oxford
University Press, 1921. Cloth, 64in. x 44in, pp. 234.
6s. 6d. net. i
A Wiltshireman now by virtue of many years’ residence at Broad- —
chalke, the author calls his latest volume, containing thirty-three
essays, reprinted from various periodicals and papers, ‘“ Wiltshire
Essays,” because, as he explains, they were all written at Broadchalke,
and some of them are directly concerned with Wiltshire matters. His
attitude towards the county and its people is best shown in “Our
First and Last,” in which he sets forth his belief that the peasantry, the
labouring folk, that is, of Wiltshire and the counties to the south and |
west of it, represent still the aboriginal stock of Neolithic times com- —
paratively unmixed with the blood of the many waves of conquerors, |
Saxons, Danes, Scandinavians, Normans, who have successively swept |
over the country and have very largely affected the blood of the
Midlands and the North and East of England. He makes the point |
that the labouring folk of Wiltshire and the West are, and always have
been through the ages, largely a race apart, with their own weaknesses |
and their own strength. He has learned by personal contact with them |
what their weak and their strong points are, he sums up their mental |
and moral characteristics with singular fairness and penetration, and |
the deliberate conclusion that he comes to is, that they are the soundest |
class in the nation, and that if the evil days of poverty and a largely- |
reduced population come upon us in the future, as he prophesies, the |
agricultural peasantry will become again what they were before the |
industrialization of England, the backbone of the country.
Reviewed, Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 16th ; Wiltshire Times, Feb. 18th, |
1922 (by H. G. Woodford); and in article, “Maurice Hewlett as a |
Looking Glass,” in Country Life, April 15th, 1922.
Wanderings in Wessex. An Exploration of the'|
Southern Realm from Itchen to Otter. By
Edric Holmes. London. R. Scott. [1922.]
Cr. 8vo, pp. 380. ‘The English Countryside” Series.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 97
This book covers Hampshire, Dorset, East Devon, South Wilts
and part of Somerset and Berks. The Wiltshire ‘portion is contained
in two chapters, ‘‘Salisbury and the Rivers,” and ‘Stonehenge and
the Plain,” and a portion of the chapter on the “ Berkshire Border,”
pp. 248—343. <A very pleasantly written book designed to give some
general sort of idea of the district covered by five counties to the
traveller on foot or by motor or cycle, who likes to know the roads
that will give him the best views, and to have ready to hand a page or
two to tell him what kings and other well-known folk have lived in or
visited the places he passes through. It is not a guide book, except
to the chief roads of the district. The Churches are generally only
mentioned in the shortest possible way, though what is said about them
is generally correct so far as it goes. ‘The literary and _ historical
-associations of the places seem to be the point that most appeals to the
author himself. The show places, however, are treated in greater
detail. The account of Stonehenge and the various theories as to its
origin and purpose is, within its limits, very good, and, moreover, up
to date, for it mentions the “ Aubrey holes.” Salisbury Cathedral is
pleasantly described, Old Sarum less adequately, for he does not seem
to know that the foundations of the old Cathedral have been uncovered
and planned. Avebury is less satisfactorily dealt with, and the writer
does not seem to know of the recent excavations. Devizes, Avebury,
Marlborough, and Ramsbury are the most northerly points touched on.,
There are quite a number of misprints which might have been avoided
by a more careful reading of the proofs,and most of them are religiously
reproduced in the index! KE. and W. Towell (Stowell), Morton Bavant
(Norton), Langbridge and Buxton Deverill (Longbridge and Brixton),
Gervus (Cervus) in the inscription on the old Potterne Font, Burford
(Barford) near Downton, Honnington (Homington). Besides these
there are a certain number of downright mistakes. Edmond Wyndham
“Tempest’s” (Tennant) memorial in the Cathedral is noticed, and Bishop
““Wayte” is credited with certain work there. ‘The Battle of Ellandune
was fought in all probability not at Wilton butat Wroughton. Fonthill
House is not built on the site of Beckford’s “‘ Abbey.” The Wooden
Peg Tankard at Wardour is not a chalice. Of the twenty-five small
sketches by the author in the text in the Wiltshire portion of the
book, Salisbury Market Place, and High St. Gate, Ludgershall Church,
Boyton Manor, Potterne Porch House, St. John’s, Devizes, and Bishop’s
Cannings Church are quite nice. The four full-page drawings by
another hand are less interesting.
Memoir of Brigadier-General Walter Long,
CMG. DS.O. With portraits. Printed for
private circulation, London. John Murray.
1921.
Cloth, tin. x 53in., pp. vii. + 77. Ten portraits and view of his
grave. This biography consists of a short “‘ Foreword ” of 3 pp. by Field-
Marshal Earl French ; Reminiscences of his schooldays at Harrow and
WOOL, XLIT.—NO. CXXXVII. H
98
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
after, by Bishop Weldon, then Headmaster, pp. 4—26; A Memoir by i {
his Father (Ld. Long, of Wraxall), pp. 27—49; Rood Ashton War |
Memorial, unveiling ceremony by Lord French, and dedication by the ~
Primate of All Ireland, with Lord French’s speech and the Primate’s
sermon ; and the account, reprinted from the Wiltshare Times, of Lord
French’s visit to Rood Ashton and the unveiling of the Tablets and |
Memorial Window, pp. 51—75. “|
Lord French, under whom he served, both in the Boer War and in
France, heads his short preface with the text, ““ Whom the Gods love —
die young,” and sums up his character thus :—“ Like Marshal Ney he |
can justly be described as ‘The Bravest of the Brave. . . . His |
leading characteristics were great strength of character, remarkable —
fixity of mind and purpose, and above all an inflexible appreciation of |
his duty and an iron determination to carry it out at all costs. |
Such qualities were combined with a disposition so simple, gentle, oma
sweet tempered as to give him an unusual and wonderful power over —
those who were placed under hiscommand.” To his father he wrote:— |
‘Your only consolation, and it is a great one, lies in the atmosphere |
of glory in which dear Toby lived and died. Whata record to convey |
to the other side!” And Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada, |
who had known him well as A.D.C. to the Duke of Connaught, bore |
testimony to his remarkable power of winning the affection of those |
about him. ‘Itis not too much for me to say that all who knew him
there not only respected but loved him as well.” A fellow-officer ofthe |
Scots Greys again writes :—‘‘ My poor pen can do no justice to his |
character, the finest character I have ever met or ever shall, and if you —
were to ask any of his multitudes of friends what they thought of him |
they would all say ‘'The bravest man, both morally and physically, and |
the greatest gentleman they ever met.’” From a boy he had set his |
heart upon serving in the Scots Greys, and in the Scots Greys he served,’
both in the Boer War and in France, until he felt it his duty to leave |
the regiment to command the 6th Wiltsin thetrenches. Asanathlete |
he just missed playing for Harrow at Lords, he was the champion light |
weight boxer of the army, and was a notable horseman, both on the |
polo ground and in the bunting field. His father says of him :—“ To |
me it has always seemed that he exemplified probably more than any |
man I have ever known the real spirit of the happy warrior.” A |
charming memoir of one who deserved to be had in remembrance. |
Some Old Houses of Devizes. By Ed.Kite. No.10. |
Greystone House. Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 27th, 1921.
S.
The initials I.A. for James and Ann Sutton, and the date show that |
172i:
the house was built on the marriage of their only son and heir, Prince |
Sutton, as his residence, in the year when Mr. Sutton was Mayor. It |
is of one date and uniform throughout, except for some earlier Jacobean |
panelling used in one of the upper rooms. The fine oak staircase rises |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 99
in a square well from the ground floor to the roof, with an elaborate
plaster ceiling, a military trophy in high relief in the centre. There
| are also good plaster ceilings throughout the house, and oak panelling
in many of the rooms. ‘There was an earlier house on the site occupied
in 1616 by Richard Flower, who was Mayor in 1604, 1611, and 1629,
and married Margery, d. of Thomas Hunt, gent. His father was
Stephen Flower, a Devizes draper. His brothers, Thomasand Robert,
left bequests to the poor of Devizes. Margery, d. of Richard Flower,
married, as his second wife, Thomas, s. of Thomas Long, of Little
| Cheverell, sheriff in 1653, nephew of Richard Long, of Collingbourne
| Kingston, ancestor of the Rood Ashton Longs. Richard Long, b. 1617,
died in 1671, aged 54. A tablet to his memory exists in St. John’s
Church. Thomas Long’s third son, Richard, of Salisbury, was the
ancestor of Long, of Salisbury, and Preshaw, Hants. His daughter,
Elizabeth, married 1690, John Locke, a Devizes attorney, the ancestor
of Locke of Seend and Rowdeford. Thomas, the eldest son, married
Elizabeth Seeley, of Newbury, 1676, and in 1714 their daughters Mary
and Eleanor, conveyed the site of Greystone House to James Sutton
clothier. Thomas Kent, s. of John Kent, M.P. (who died 1630) also
occupied the earlier house. The Suttons were Devizes clothiers. Thomas,
born 1653, became Master of the Drapers’ Company in 1686, and was
several times Mayor. Hisson, James, born 1678, was Mayor in 1697, as
his name on the 6th bell of St. John’s peal testifies. He bought the
property, pulled down the old house, and built the present Greystone
House. He was Mayor 1730, and died 1733, aged 55. Prince Sutton,
clothier, his only son, born 1761, lived in the house until his death. He
married Mary, a daughter of George Willy, a mercer of Devizes, was
Mayor in 1744, Sheriff 1762, dying in 1779, aged 78. He bought the
_ Manor of Manningford Brucefrom the Nicholas family. Willy, s. of
Prince Sutton, b. 1732, was tried for the murder of “‘ that unfortunate
young lady, Miss Bell, otherwise Sharpe,” at Marylebone on Oct. 4th,
1760, but was acquitted. He died 1775, and his younger brother, James
| Sutton, inheriting the Roundway estate, built the present mansion.
| His daughter, Mrs. Estcourt, sold Greystone House to the Rev. Charles
| Lueas, b. at Daventry, Curate successively of Avebury and Devizes.
|
{|
He lived in Greystone House until his death in 1854, aged 84. He
married Sarah Anne, d. of the Rev. Henry Williams, Perpetual Curate
of Heytesbury. His children all died unmarried. His portrait hangs
in the Council Chamber, Devizes. His executors sold Greystone
House to William Gifford Everett, M.D.,s. of Will. Everett, of Devizes,
| grocer, in 1862. He sold it to Henry Hale Hulbert, solicitor. The
‘| present tenant, Mr. Herbert Sainsbury, has done much towards pre-
serving the fine features of the interior.
‘Some Old Houses of Devizes. [No.11.] New Park
| andthe Sutton Family, Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 24th, 1921,
| On the death of Willy, eldest s. of Prince Sutton, 1775, New Park
passed to his younger brother, James Sutton, M.P. for Devizes, 1765
|
5 |
| H 2
|
|
]
100 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. |
—1780, and Mayor, 1769. He married, 1771, Eleanor, d. of Anthony ~ |
Addington, M.D., of Reading, and sister of the Rt. Hon, Hen. Addington, —
Speaker of the House of Commons (Lord Sidmouth), M.P. for Devizes,
who erected the Market Cross, and gave the colours to the Devizes |
Loyal Volunteers in 1799, the presentation being made by Mrs. Sutton :
on Roundway Hill, with much ceremony, the afternoon being spent |
“with the utmost conviviality.” These colours now hang in St. John’s |
Church. James Sutton was Sheriff in 1785, and died in 1801. His |
daughter, Eleanor, married Thomas Grimston Bucknall Estcourt, of |
Estcourt House, l'etbury, who resided at New Park and was succeeded
there by his son, the Rt. Hon. T. H. S. Sotheron Estcourt, who, on re- |
moving to Estcourt, sold New Park to Mr. Holford, of Weston Birt, from |
whose trustees it passed to the Colston family, its name being changed |
to Roundway Park. The house (New Park) was built 1780—1792, |
James Wyatt being the architect.
History of the “New Park,” or “ Little Park.” In a charter of K
Henry in 1149 two hides in pers (Rind weiam) were reserved to |
the Crown, and were apparently soon after oe and became “ i |
was somewhere near the present house. hee iene were ee
by the Sutton family for others outside the park. Catherine Parr w
owners, |
“ Quakers’ Walk,” the avenue leading from Devizes to the pak, 3 3
only a corruption of the old name, “The Keeper’s Walk.” i
Some Old Houses of Devizes. [No. 12] The
Weavers’ Hall. Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 23rd, 1922, |
This stood on the north side of Wine Street, on the site of the
present Nos. 5 and 6, Nothing remains of the old building. It bes
longed to the Mayor and Burgesses, by whom it was appropriated t(
the use of the Guild, who were responsible for its maintenance. Thé
Guild actually used the upper storey, the ground floor being underlet
Edward Hope, jun. (1668), Nath. Drew (1671), Phil. Painter and Rich
‘scott (1679), Walter Seager (1702), Mr. Bernard (1712), were tenants
The Hall was used for the meetings of the Guild until 1769, afte
which they met in the Sessions Hall. A private chapel, perhaps thi
Chapel of St. Thomas, mentioned in 1516, was attached to the Hall
]
|
|
.
|
|
i
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 101
The history of the rise of the Merchant Guilds is touched on and the
cut of the arms of the Devizes Guild confirmed by the Heralds in 1565
and 1623 is given. The Guild confirmed by the Charter of 1605 was
remodelled in 1614 and included the Drapers’, Mercers’, and Leather-
sellers’ companies, each of which included in turn several different
trades. Strangers paid heavy fines before they were allowed to exer-
cise their trade in the borough. John Mayo, goldsmith, paid a silver
bow] to the Drapers’ Company in 1673, as also did Thomas Johnson
(1628), and James Hughes (1665) to the Mercers’. Richard Greenland,
“‘ nipemaker,” is mentioned in 1688. The bye-laws of the Guild having
gradually ceased to prevent unauthorised trading it was finally dissolved
in 1770.
‘Some Old Houses of Devizes. No. 13. St. John’s
Court (No. 4) and the Almshouses adjoining. By
Ed. Kite. Wiltshire Gazette, May 25th, 1922.
This was the house of Thomas Coventre, Mayor 1429, died 1451,
founder of the Almshouse in St. John’s Churchyard. This endowment
was augmented by the bequest of William Coventre, apparently his
brother, who endowed a charity in St. Mary’s Church with a yearly
payment to the four women inmates of the Almshouse. This Alms-
house was a half-timbered structure with overhanging upper storey,
and was pulled down and rebuilt about 1842. Norman stones were
then found in the foundations and walls with mouldings identical with
those of St. John’s Church, evidently part of the Norman walls of the
Church, removed when the early 15th century aisles were built.
The whole of the building in St. John’s Court from the entrance
southwards was originally a hall 18ft. x 15ft., open to the timber roof
which still remains, with a carved oak cornice at the springing of the
roof, portions of which also exist, with a large fireplace, now built up
in the W. wall, and a narrow doorway. This is now converted into a
dwelling house of two storeys. Its date is apparently cov. 1430. Mr.
Kite gives many notes of the Coventre family. John Coventre appears
in 1836; Nicholas a chaplain in 1399, was Rector of Upton Lovel
in 1409; John Coventre appears in 1414, and was Mayor in 1420. In
1433 he received a commission ‘to arrest and take the carpenters,
stone cutters, tilers, labourers, and other workmen required for the re-
pairs of the Castle of Devizes and for the enclosure of the Park of
Devizes—also to provide all things necessary.” John and William
Coventry, sons of Will Coventre, sen., and brothers of Thomas, founder
of the almshouse, appear amongst Wilts gentry in 1483; Henry was
instituted to Atworth Chapel, 1439 ; and John, of Devizes, was one of
the feoffees of the Manor of Lydiard Tregoze, 1445. Three chantries
in St. Mary’s Church were founded by John, Sen., William, and John,
Jun., who died 1472 and left a daughter, Joan, w. of Thomas Bayley, of
the Bayleys of Baldham, in Keevil, several of whom Mr, Kite mentions,
An account is given of the ‘‘ Coventre’s Dole, bequeathed by a poor
weaver who received a loaf of bread from a baker when destitute in
102 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Devizes, and in return at his death left money to distribute to every
person in Devizes a small loaf on a particular day. The date of the |
bequest is not known. The income was derived from lands at Bed- |
borough known as ‘The Dolemead,” the sum distributed varying from
£4 to £12 13s. in 1786, when for some unexplained reason the Charity |
ceased, though it is mentioned in the council books on 6th January; |}
1802, but was not distributed. |
Some Old Houses of Devizes. [No 14] Bluett’s |
Court and Southbroom House, Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. —
7th, 1922. |
Bluett’s Court in Southbroom, mentioned in a deed of 1447, was |
then owned by Richard and Margaret Gilbert. John Gilbert gave |
eight acres of land in the New Park to St. Mary’s Church, in 1381. In |
1545 Will. Page owned three cottages called “‘ Blewetts,” apparently the |
‘*Bluett Court” of the previous century, and leased them to Robert |
Truslowe. This lease later on was held by James Yate, of Upham, in |}
Aldbourne, and in 1570 by William Taylor, of Horton. John Drew, or |}
Trewe (I.), married Maud, d. of Richard Cuffe, Mayor of Devizes, 1502, |
and in 1504 held leases of Rangeborn, where he built the two mills |}
known as Drew’s Pond Mills, taken down only a few yearsago. He |
also held leases of lands in the tithings of Wick and Nursteed. Robert —
Drew (I.), s. of John (I.), married the sister of Will. Reade, M.P. for |
Devizes, 1553. His son, John (II.), married Elinor, d. of Will. Cooke, |
of Lacock. He bought Rangeborne Manor, and perhaps constructed _ |
the great pond known as Drew’s Pond. He was buried at St. John’s, |
1614, bequeathing 18s. yearly to the poor as a charge on “ Bell Close,” |
in Southbroom. His son, Robert (II.), born 1574, M.P. for Devizes, |
married Jane, d. of John Jackman, Sheriff of London. His son, John |}
(III.), married Eliz. d. of Sir Humphrey Lynd, of Cobham. Hishouse |}
at Southbroom, “a stately place,” was destroyed in the Civil.War, |
His son, John (IV.), married Eliz. Mitchell, of Calstone. In 1680 the |}
Southbroom property was sold to (Sir) John Eyles, Ld. Mayor. His |}
son, John Eyles (II.), died 1752. His daughter, Maria, married, 1724, |)
Geo. Heathcote, of Erlestoke, afterwards Ld. Mayor of London, 1742. |
He lived at Southbroom and was buried at St. John’s. Edward Eyles, |)
s. of John If, built the present Southbroom House in 1773, on |
an entirely new site, the Road Act of 1755 establishing the present |
highway from the corner of Southbroom Park to the turnpike at |}
Nursteed, having brought the road, which formerly ran from the east |)
of St. James’ Church along Brickley Lane and through Nursteed village, |
too near the old house. Josiah Eyles Heathcote, nephew to Edward |
Kyles, succeeded to the property, and to him in the History of Devizes |
the building of the house is wrongly ascribed. On his death in 1811. |
unmarried, the Southbroom property was bought by Will. Salmon, |
Town Clerk of Devizes, who married Miss Mortimer, of No. 1, Little |)
Brittox, where at the baker’s and pastrycook’s shop the famous Devizes |}
“Simnel Cakes” were made. He died 1826, and was succeeded by his | }
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 103
son, Will. Wroughton Salmon, who about 1840 sold the property to the
trustees of Geo. Watson Taylor, of Erlestoke Park, under whom Robert
Parry Nisbet, M.P. for Chippenham, 1856—9, and Sheriff 1849, held
the tenancy for forty-two years. Robert Henryson Caird bought the
estate, made considerable additions to the house, and sold it in 1913
to Sir Horace Westropp McMahon, who sold it in 1919 to Capt. Charles
tascoigne, who has sold it this year (1922) to Messrs. W. I. Chivers &
Sons, of Devizes.
Devizes Congregational Church. Its 150 years of
History. The Wiltshire Gazette, June Ist, 1922, contains notes on
the history of the Congregational Chapel. It was founded as an
organised congregation in 1772, Robert Sloper being its pastor for the
first forty years. Richard Elliott, his successor from 1808 to 1853, was
the most notable of its ministers. William Kingsland, Robert Dawson,
Daniel Anthony, Walter Jones, William Darwent, T. Owen Prosser,
William Kingsland, and Arthur Axe bring down the succession to the
present day.
Woollen Trade in the West of England. Daniel Defoe’s
description of the dimensions of the woollen trade in the West of
England in ‘The Complete English Tradesman,” in which he reckons
the numbers employed directly in the trade at over a million, is quoted
in the Wiltshire Times, May 20th, 1922, which also prints a letter from
“Englishman,” Westbury, Feb. 28th, 1738, calling Lord Harrington’s
attention to the miserable condition of the weavers in Wiltshire, and
the tyranny (as he asserts) of the clothiers, their masters,
From an Old Devizes Manuscript Book. A Method-
ical Tradesman ofthe 18th Century. His Record
of Business, Local and National Events. Wiltshire
Gazette, March 30th, April 6th, 13th, 20th, 27th, May 4th, 11th, 18th,
1922.
Capt. B. H. Cunnington has transcribed the most interesting items
contained in the Day Book of George Sloper, begun in 1753 and ending
in 1802. It isa book of 260 pages, 163in. X 64in., now in the possession
of Mr. Marler Sloper, of Devizes. ‘The writer was a baker living in
the house now occupied by the New Era Laundry (recently by Messrs.
Chivers), at the corner of Sheep Street and Hare and Hounds Street.
He gives the value of the bread he baked every day, amounting to
£98,446 19s. Od. in the 493 years. The notes refer to matters of general
interest as well as family and local events. He quotes several instances
of criminals being hanged in chains near the site of their crimes. On
July 8th, 1773, occurs the following :—‘‘ Thursday night John Acorman
of Pattney the baker and miller was robbed on Etchilhampton Hill
above ye Monument a little a crose the old road and on Fryday James
Sloper and Wm. Coombs was taken up on susspision of ye above
104
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Robery and was committed by Charles Garth Esq. to Prison for the
same but both declared themselves perfectly innocent. Tryed at — }
Salisbury Aug. 3 and by the Jury was declared to be guilty and on
Aug. 17th they was both hanged and dyed very penitent but both
declared they was inocent of the crime for which was agoing to die for,
and [ sincerely and verily believe with all my Hart and Soul they was
innocent.”
‘“Mem. Since it has been found by the Words of Rob. Frankia
that his brothers Thomas and John was the men that robed Acorman.”
In 1773 he notes “‘ Edward Eyles Esqr. (ye Govener) pulled down
the Great House in ye Green and built a new one.” (Southbroom House).
On May 25th,1774, “ The Rev. Mr. Edward Innes took procession round
the Town as Rector May 25 Wensday and I gave them cake and ale
over the pales at ye end of the garden.”
Oct. 31st, 1776. ‘‘Silsbury Hill opened in expectation to find some
great Curiosity but nothing was found.” June 4th, 5th, 6th, 1777.
“Assisted Mr. James Sutton (executor to the late Mr. Thomas Thurman,
who died on March 27th) in giving away to the second poor of this
town one thousand pounds . . . and Mr. Sutton according to Mr.
Thurman’s will gave the residue of his estate and effects (after all
debts and legacies was paid) two thousand pounds and upwards to
poor Tradesmen of this Town. . . . Mem. took a list of more than
1500 poor in St. Mary’s Parish that received part of the £1000 at 10s. 6d.
each.” April 4th, 1780. “James Sutton of New Park Esq. began
building a New House at New Park about this time.” A manservant
of that same house having drowned himself was buried on Sunday
evening, Sept. 21st, 1783, ‘‘in the cross road on the left hand as you
goes out between Horton and Roundway to B. Canings field,” but most
suicides were buried at Gallows Ditch.
On Dec. 12th, 1783, Smugglers to the number of 40 or more came |
to Devizes, between 11 and 12 o'clock at night and retook a_large |
quantity of tea from Mr. Wood the supervisor. ]
It is noted that “‘ There was not a single Katt-Key to be found on any |
Ash Tree in the Kingdom of the growth of last year 1794, so it was in |
many papers advertized a large premium this spring 1795 toany person |
who could produce one single bunch of the erent of 1794, but there |
was not one found as was ever heard of.”
It is worth noting, too, that Tan Hill Fair is called St. Ann’s Hill |
Fair in 1799.
Official Guide to Devizes. Published by Vickery, Kyrle, & Co.,
Ltd., 4, Great Marlborough Street, London, W. 1 [1922].
Sewn, cr. 8vo, pp. 48. Good photo-process views of The Castle; St. |
John’s Church, N. Side, Interior, Tower Arches, and Chancel; Market |
Place; the Brittox; Quakers’ Walk; Avon Vale Hunt; Canal and |
Locks below Devizes; St. James’ Church and Crammer Pond. Very |
short but well written accounts of Castle, Churches, Museum, walks |
and excursions, and many advertisements. |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Artteles, 105
A Short Outline Guide to the Archeological Periods,
as illustrated by the Exhibits in the Museum,
Devizes. Compiled by B. Howard Cunnington
(Hon. Curator) and Mrs. M.E. Cunnington [1922].
Pamphlet, 64in. X 4in., pp. 11. Price 3d.
Intended primarily for classes of children visiting the Museum, this
little guide will also be useful to adult visitors who are not expert
archeologists, many of whom no doubt will be glad of its simple
statements of ‘‘ What is meant by Archeology,” of ‘‘Man’s gradual
advance in knowledge and improvement in mode of Life,” of “The
Divisions of Prehistoric Times,” and the ‘Summary of the Prehistoric
Periods in Wiltshire as represented by Exhibits in the Museum,” with
very short references to the cases in which examples of objects of the
successive ages from Paleolithic to Pagan Saxon times are to be seen.
| The Actts of the Baptistsinthe Borrow of Devizes.
| An article giving a concise history of the Devizes Baptists by H. Tull
is printed in Wiltshire Gazette, August 31st, 1922. The first Devizes
meeting was set up by a woman named Freame and her husband in
1645, who probably lived at No. 22 in the Brittox, behind which stands
the remains of the old ‘‘ Meeting House” which was used for worship
until 1780, Sir John “ Isles” having presented to the “ Meeting” the
lease of a house in 1673 (renewed in 1772), doubtless this same house.
James Webb, the minister, took a prominent part in the first General
Assembly in 1689, The first “‘ Church Book” is dated 1704, when
there were 59 members and John Filkes was the pastor. Among the
benefactors were Sarah and James Wright. ‘The new chapel in Mary-
port Street was built in 1780. The secession of the New Baptist con-
gregation took place in 1792.
| The Passing of Devizes Prison. The Wiltshire Gazette,
Sept. 21st, 1922, had an article with two large and good photo illustra-
tions, “ Exterior of the Prison showing entrance gateway and part of
the surrounding wall,” and “Interior of the Prison, taken from the
Gatehouse, showing the Governor’s House and some of the ranges of
cells.” Built in 1810 as a county gaol, and after the disuse of Fisher-
ton Goal in 1870, became the only gaol in the county. Its architect
was Richard Ingleman. Polygonal in outline, with the governor’s
house in the centre, it contained 11 wards and 210 cells, those for men
being 10ft. high, 7ft. 3in. wide, and 8ft. 3in. long. The women’s cells
were 7ft. high, 5ft. wide, 7ft. 5in. long. From 1912 to i914 it was used
only for accused persons under remand, and on the outbreak of war in
1914 it became until March, 1920, a Detention Barracks (2.e., a military
Prison). Since then it has been entirely unused until it was sold by
auction Sept. 14th, 1922, and was bought as it stands by Messrs. W. E.
Chivers & Sons, of Devizes, for £2,550, including the old Officers’
Quarters outside, now known as Park View and let out as flats. The
most notable of the executions from 1824, when the first took place, to
106 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
1903, the date of the last, are recalled, and a list of the ‘‘ Governors ” or
“Chief Wardersin Charge” is given. Whether the buildings will be
pulled down or adapted to residential uses remains to be seen.
The Church of All Saints at Westbury under the
Plain. By the Rev. H.C. Brooks. Waltshire Gazette, Nov. 10th,
17th, Dec. 1st, 8th, 15th, 1921. |
Westbury Church is taken by the author as a text enabling him to
dwell discursively on the place which the Parish Church filled in
medieval days in the life of the people and the teaching of which it
was the symbol. The history of the English Church, and the growth of
its architecture as expressive of its history, are enlarged on at consider-
able length in connection with the various features of the building.
Its probable appearance in succeeding ages is described and the reasons
for, and meaning of, successive alterations in style, and plan,and |
fabric are suggested in detail, together with descriptions of medizeval |
ritual and ceremonial] in connection with the fabric or furniture of the
Church. After the Church the writer deals in the same way with the
Manor asa text for a discussion on manorial tenure generally. One |
of the smaller Manors at Westbury was the Chantry Manor—the Par- |
sonage Iarm in Church Street was the Farm of the Chantry Manor,
held until recently by the Bourne family ; hence Bourne’s Walk and
Bourne’s Barton. The Chantry was the official residence of the |
Chantor or Precentor of Salisbury Cathedral, for whose maintenance —
the ‘‘ Church of Westbury ” was assigned by Ed. I., who also gave the |
Priory Manor to the Black Monks of Steventon, Berks. The Court |
Baron of this Manor was held in the Priory Barn in Church Street.
The descent of the Manor of Broke is traced through the Paveley,
Cheney, Willoughby, and Blount families. The name, ‘‘The Park,”
still attached to one of the fields at Brook shows where the Park —
surrounding the great house built by Robert, Lord Willoughby de |
Broke, was situated. Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy, of Broke, was |
the pupil and friend of Erasmus. |
The next section, “‘The Manor and its Lords,” contains most useful |
material. ‘The family history of the Paveleys, Cheneys, Willoughbys |
de Broke, and the Blounts of Broke, Mauduits and Phipps of Chalcote, |
Rouse and Ley of Heywood, is given at some length. James Blount, |
6th Lord Mountjoy, succeeding his father 1545, married Katherine, d. |
of Thomas Leigh, of St. Oswald, Devon, 1557, and died 1581. His |
second son, Charles, b. 1563, succeeding as 7th Lord Mountjoy, was |
wounded at the battle of Zutphen, was made K.G. 1597, and in the |
same year became Lord Deputy in Ireland. Landing in 1600 he |
directed operations against Tyrone and the Irish rebels. In 1603 he |
became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and was created Earl of Devon- |
shire. He died 1605, being buried in Westminster Abbey. He never |¥
resided at Broke, which he first let to the Bonhams, and in 1599 sold |
the estate to William Jones, of Edington, for £3,500. He died 1620. |
Sefton, s. of Will Jones, married Mary Still, d. of the Bp. of Bath and |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 107
Wells. His son, Sefton Jun., married Hester White. The co-heiresses
of Sefton, Jun., Anne Whaley and Elizabeth Longe sold the estate in
1651 to Nicholas Greene. His son, Nicholas Jun., married Mary Read
and died 1688, when his son, Richard Greene, sold Brook House to
Edward Lisle 1689, who again sold it in 1693 to Stephen Blatch. The
present owner is Arthur Ernest Maby.
The Mauduits held the Manor of Leigh in the 12th century. Hen.
II. granted the Manor of Warminster to Robert, 4th Lord Mauduit.
In the 13th century one branch of the Mauduits continued to hold the
Manor of Leigh. Thomas Mauduit, s. of Warine, Lord of Warminster,
held Lordship in the Manor of Westbury under Ed, II. He was
executed after the battle of Boroughbridge, 1322. His estates were
restored to his younger son, John, whose heiress, Matilda, married Sir
Henry Greene, who thus became possessed of Chalcote and Leigh, and
was executed in 1899. This branch of the Mauduits ended in Matilda,
but the family continued at Warminster and built a chantry chapel in
the Church there 1485—1509. Under Hen. VIII. Nicholas Phipps
held the Manor of Chalcote, dying in 1615. His son, Nicholas (II),
who died 1656, was also Lord of Leigh. He left Broke to his son John,
and Leigh to Thomas. Chalcote is still held by the Phipps family.
Heywood was bought by Matthew, s. of Henry Ley, of ‘Teffont Evias.
Matthew was M.P. for Westbury and gave the Borough Seal in 1597,
James Ley, Matthew’s youngest brother, b. at Teffont Kvias 1552 was
M.P. for Westbury, Sergeant-at-Law 1603, Lord Chief Justice of
Ireland, 1605, Knighted 1609, Baronet 1620, married, first, Mary Pettey,
who died 1613; secondly, Mary Bower. J.ord Chief Justice of the
King’s Bench 1621, he presided at the trial of Sir Francis Bacon. Lord
High Treasurer, and Baron Ley 1624, Earl of Marlborough 1626.
Married, thirdly, Jane, d. of Lord Butler of Bramfield. Died 1629,
buried in the Paveley Chapel in Westbury Church. Henry, b. 1595,
his eldest son, 2nd Marl of Marlborough, died 1638. James, s, of
Henry, 8rd Earl, fought at sea on the King’s side in the Civil War,
became Lord Admiral at Dartmouth at the Restoration and was killed
in the action off the Texell against the Dutch in 1665. His uncle
William succeeded and dying in 1679, the title of Karl of Marlborough
became extinct. Heywood House became the residence of William
Phipps, Governor of Bombay, and afterwards of the Gibbs and Ludlow
families.
The story of the Acorn Cup and of its adventures is told at length
down to 1918. A list of Vicars and Kectors from 1342 is given, and it
is noted that an oil portrait of the Rev. Thomas Cooke, Vicar 1813, is
preserved in the Parish Room. ‘The writer then returns to the Church,
and after a chapter on Church Symbolism, a good deal of it much
strained, he gives a full account of the windows and their inscriptions,
the tablets recording restoration work in 1847 and 1903, the charitable
benefactions, &c., and the tombs and monumental inscriptions through-
out the Church.
The Inventory of Church Plate in 1750 is printed in full. In
108 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
addition to the “ Acorn Cup” it mentions the following pieces, none of
them now existing at Westbury :—
“Two gilt cups and two covers pretty near ofasize. One cup has
these words and letters on it: ‘Westbury R. E. T. M. Church-
wardens,1630’; the other cup and cover neither letter nor mark.”
“One silver waiter with these words:—‘This plate is given for
the Glory of God to Westbury Church 1750’ on the other side |
the Bayley coat of arms. The silver waiter, the present Mrs.
Sarah Bayley in the Lane gave to Westbury Church 1750, and
at her desire Mr. Hewitt got Mr. Thos. Burroughs, Silversmith
in the Devizes, to engrave the above words upon the back side
Olnite
**A Pewter Salver, in the middle of which is our Saviour on the
Cross with these words : ‘ What have we got that we have not
received of the Lord? 169—.’”
“One Pewter Dish; two Pewter Flagons marked E.B. ; one Bowl;
three Napkins, one of which is marked W.P.”
With the alteration of the floor in the chancel in 1913 three stone
coffins were found under the altar and a number of ledger stones under
the pavement. The inscriptions on all that were then exposed are
given in full here, including that of Mrs. Eliz. Ivie, wife of James
Ivie, Vicar, and the curious note thereon in the registers by the Kev.
Thomas Hewitt, Vicar, who buried his son in the same grave having
first “brushed up and placed in the corner of the grave ” Mrs. Ivie’s
“remains.”
The tower, the later part of which was built about 1500, consists of
the Ringing Chamber, the Bell Chamber, and a room above the bells
with a large fireplace. The author suggests that this may have been
the room of the night watchman keeping guard over the town in case
of fires. Its floor was removed in 1921. The bell frame, also removed
in 1921, was erected by William Francis and William Andrews in 1616,
In 1921 two new bells were added to the original six which were all
recast, the inscriptions being reproduced on the new bells. The “ cur-
few” or “ Angelus” is still rung at Westbury. The writer identifies
the site occupied now by the Church Institute, at the entrance to the
churchyard from the Market Place, built in place of old cottages pulled
down in living memory, as that of the Church House. A memorandum
by Thomas Hewitt (Vicar) reads “1764 Mr. Ivie was the last Vicar
who asserted his right to the houses built in Westbury churchyard
next the Mill Pond, and sued for in Chancery, which were delivered up
to me 29th September, 1759.” |
Indentures of the lease of Church House are dated 1564 and 1581. |
It is described as the house and garden adjoining to the back of
the house and brewhouse belonging to the Lord Abingdon Arms (now
the Lopes Arms). Mr. Hewitt appears to have turned it into cottages |
in 1770, his initials T. H. are inserted in the wall of the adjoining |
shed.
A useful condensation of this paper so far as it is concerned with the
————
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 109
Church was printed and published by A. E. & H. Holloway,Westbury,
1921, under the same title, as a pamphlet, 8vo., pp. 22.
The Restoration of Woodlands Manor House.
A long and valuable account of Woodlands, its history, its architecture,
and its recent restoration, appeared in the Woaltshire Gazette, Sept.
22nd and 29th, 1921. The descent of the manor (see Wilts Arch. Maa.,
xxix., 251) is traced to its present owner, the Rev. F. Meyrick Jones,
who in 1917 bought the property from the Bankes family. He is not
connected with the previous Meyrick owners. ‘The architecture of the
chapel and of the hall is carefully described, and the various accounts
of it which have been published, by Hoare (d/od. Wilts); Parker (Do-
mestic Architecture ill., 332) ; Elyard (Some Old Wiltshire Homes); C. H.
Talbot (Wilts Arch. Mag., xvii., 352); and C. EK. Ponting (Zocd., xxix.,
253) are well discussed and co-ordinated. Varker seems to have regarded
the whole house as of the 15th century with the square-headed windows
with flowing tracery in the upper story of the chapel inserted from an
older building. C. H. Talbot says that the original building of the
chapel was of the 14th century, but that the east window with its arch
of that date had been filled with 15th century tracery, and another 15th
century window inserted. C. E. Ponting, on the other hand, maintains
that the chapel is an example of the transition, from Decorated to
Perpendicular, of which Edington Church is the classic instance ; the
characteristics of the two styles being mixed, the east window, for
instance, having Decorated mouldings with Perpendicular tracery. Mr.
Talbot, again, regards the circular external chimnies of the chapel as
of the 14th century, whereas Mr. Ponting declares from close exami-
nation that they are of the same date as the Elizabethan fireplaces.
Elyard apparently adopts Talbot's view without independent exami-
nation. In 1888 thechapel most narrowly escaped practical destruction.
Mrs. Jupe, the then tenant, found it draughty and complained. The
agent of the trustees of Mr. Meyrick Bankes, the then owners, proposed
to mend matters by taking out the mullions of the windows and putting
in wooden casements, and replacing the fine plaster ceiling of the
lower room and the chapel roof with plain flat ceilings. A local builder
had actually sent a tender for the work, when the Rev. E. G. Wyld,
Vicar of Mere, drew the atention of the Hon. Secretaries of the Wilts
Arch. Society to the matter. They wrote a judicious letter to Mrs.
Bankes, who passed it on to the Agent, Mr. R. M. Garnier, who
acknowledged that “ignorance of the great historical value of the old
building prevented any thought for the preservation of decaying plaster
and stonework being entertained,” and expressed himself as ‘ grateful
to Mr. Medlicott for having saved me from an unwitting act of van-
dalism.” Mr. Wyld and Mr. Ponting then visited the building, and
the latter drew up a careful recommendation as to what ought to be
done. This was practically accepted by Mr. Garnier, and the work
carried out accordingly. Mr. Garnier’s letter is printed in full in the
Gazette, an example to all who are responsible for the repairs to ancient
buildings. The recent work of repair to the chapel by the Rev. F.
110 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Meyrick Jones is described in detail. The door of the upper story,
originally giving access from an outside stair, long removed, has been
opened as a balcony, an old door fitted to its archway, and a number
of 13th century tiles from Stavordale Priory laid in the floor at the
entrance. For an iron tie rod, which crossed the barrel vaulted roof, a
carved beam of the exact length required, bought at Newbury, has
been substituted, masking new strong iron tie rods. The plaster of the
roof has been renewed, with an early boss added to it. A recess in the
west wall on the left side of the mantelpiece, possibly a window or
opening into some room formerly existing beyond this wall, has been
opened, and partly filled with wood tracery said to have come from
Exeter Cathedral. The Gothic handle of the 8. door came from
‘Norwich. In the room below, the Elizabethan fireplace was fully
opened and repaired, the blocked doorway on the N. side (Elizabethan ?)
opened, and an ancient door frame and door fitted into it. About one-
third of the plaster work of the ceiling and the frieze all round the
room has been restored. An old door has also been hung in the doorway
on the S. side, on which has been fixed a remarkable lock from Mere.
Upper Upham House. The Seat of Lady Currie!
By Christopher Hussey. Country Life, July 1st, 1922, pp.
888—895. ‘Twelve illustrations :—North Entrance Front; S. Facade,
showing new wing beyond (full page); From theS.; 8. Front ; Looking
Eastward from Garden Door; Garden Front ; Great Hall and Dais;
Great Hall, Fireplace ; Solar or Drawing Room ; Dining Room Chim-
neypiece ; Staircase, czr. 1700; Plan.
It is a pity that the writer in tracing the history of the house, and of
the family whose home it was, follows Richard Jefferies? in connecting
the Goddards of N. Wilts with the earlier Godervilles, or Godardvilles,
one of whom was castellan of Devizes, 1231, for that connection is in
all probability mythical. Also speaking of Standen Hussey as achome
of the family he calls it ‘‘ Stanton” Hussey. The house bears above
its S. entrance the initials T. G. and A. G., for Thomas and Anne
(Gifford) Goddard, and also R. G. and E. G. for Richard and Elizabeth
(Walrond) Goddard, and the date 1599. Mr. Hussey supposes that
Thomas, second s. of John Goddard, of Aldbourne, succeeding to Upham
on his father’s death in 1545, rebuilt the house, casing the old timber-
framed walls in some cases with flint and stone (as appeared during
the recent restorations), but that the work not being entirely completed
when he died in 1597, his son Richard added the carved arched doorway
of the S. front, to his father’s work and added his own and his wife’s
initials, with the date 1599.
Mr. Hussey suggests that’ the fine chimneypiece of the “ solar” or
“ Withdrawing Room,” above the ‘hall, supported by caryatids, together,
perhaps, with that of the hall itself, were added by Richard at this time.
1 The house was well described and figured by Mr. H. Brakspearin Wilts
Arch. Mag., xxviii., 84 (1895).
2A Memotr of the Goddards of North Wilts, p. 8, 9.
2}
}
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 111
The property passed out of the possession of the Goddards when
on the death of the grandson of Richard and Elizabeth Goddard
in 1641, without issue, it passed to his sister, married to John
Yate, of Charney (Bucks), and the house in 1870 had sunk to the
condition of a farm store and cottage, when it was purchased by
Ambrose L. Goddard, M.P., of Swindon. Nothing, however, was done
to the building until in 1909 it was sold to Lady Currie, who transformed
it into the large house at present existing. ‘lhe old house of the
Goddards, so far as its main S. front is concerned, presents the same
appearance as it did when Mr. Brakspear drew it, except that the
Dormer windows on each side have given place to curved gables
similar to that in the centre, and that a stone parapet has been added
along the whole front. Stone tiles have also been replaced on the roof.
It was found necessary during the work of restoration, owing to the
unsafe state of the walls, to take down a great part of this south front,
The stones were carefully numbered, laid out on the ground, and re-
built in their original positions. The back of this block has been more
restored. ‘hethree gables which had disappeared have been replaced,
and a front door added, over which the royal arms of Elizabeth, which
were over the chimneypiece of the hall, have been placed. The new
work by Mr. Biddulph Pinchard includes an entirely new wing to the
W. of the old house, with a courtyard, gatehouse, and offices behind it,
the alterations to the N. front of the old building, already mentioned,
the ceiling, panelling, and screens in the hall, the formal garden, to
the east, and the two gazebos at the corners of the forecourt on the
S. side. The new wing has been so contrived that whilst it continues
the line of the old south front, it is kept back sufficiently far behind
it to allow the old building to stand forward and preserve its original
character and appearance.
In addition to the mantelpieces illustrated in this article two others
were found built up during the alterations, one of them bearing the
crests of Goddard and Walrond. The traditional site of the House of
John of Gaunt is situated some distance to the N. of the present house,
on rather higher ground, near the farm buildings, where remains of
banks and irregularities of surface exist over a considerable space of
ground, and worked (chalk) stones have recently been dug up.
The present house, standing as it does at an elevation of nearly 900ft.,
claims to be the highest house, of any size, S. of the Trent, and nifords
a view over successive ranges of the Downs of Wilts and Berks that is
probably unrivalled in either county.
Beezetord Castle and the Bouverie Family, Wiltshire
Gazette, Dec. 29th, 1922, is an abstract of a lecture given by Mr. Frank
Stevens, at Salisbury.
The Servingtons held Longford manor from 1329 to 1572. The last
of the family: gambled away the property to John Webb, of Salisbury,
who sold it to Sir Thomas Gorges. He married Helena Snachenberg,
widow of the Marquis of Northampton, and a favourite of Q. Elizabeth.
112 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
The building of the Castle begun in 1578 was due to her. It was
partly paid for by loot from a wrecked Spanish galleon falling to Sir
Thomas when he was Governor of Hurst Castle. Sir Thomas’ grand-
son sold the property to Hugh, Lord Coleraine, in 1641, and his grand-
son sold it to Sir Edward Des Bouveries in 1717. The Des Bouveries
were a French-speaking Belgian family. Laurens, founder of the
existing family, a Protestant, born near Lille, fled to Frankfort, be-
came accountant to a merchant there and married his daughter. At
the age of 32 he settled in Canterbury and 36 years later moved to
London. His son, Edward, died 1625. ‘The family established in
London as Turkey merchants, became rich. Sir Edward was a great
benefactor to hospitals. His silver christening cup, called “ Fortune’s
Boat,” is still used at Longford to give the family toast “ Health and |
Prosperity, Peace and Posterity. Long Life and Fellowship and the |
Joys of Eternity.” |
Sir William, knighted in 1718, became a baronet in 1714. His son, |
Sir Edward, bought Longford of the Coleraine family in 1717, and
dying childless Longford passed to his brother Jacob, who married |
Mary Clarke, an heiress, had a family of 13, was M.P. and Recorder of |
Salisbury and Baron Longford and Viscount Folkestone. His son |
William, 2nd Viscount, and M.P.and Recorder of Salisbury, married, |
first, Harriet Pleydell, heiress of Coleshill, and secondly Rebecca |
Alleyne, a Barbados heiress. He became first Earl of Radnor in 1761. |
His son, Jacob, built the Council Chamber at Salisbury ata cost of J)
£10,000, when the old building was burnt in 1782. |
Broadleas, Potterne, by Ed. Kite, an articlein Wiltshire Gazette, |
March 9th, 1922, following on the death of Miss Margaret Ewart.
John Tylee, brewer and banker, of Devizes, who lived in what is now |
tho White Hart Inn, New Park Street, married 1774, Ann Reed, of |
Bristol, who died 1783, aged 38. He died 1812, and was buried, Jan. |
3lst in the Quakers’ Burial Ground at Hillworth, Devizes. His eldest |
son, John ,Tylee, soon afterwards built the house at Broadleas, and |
lived there till 1841, He married Mary Ann, d. of Samuel Napper, by |
whom he had ten children. He died in London, Oct. 28th, 1862. In |
1841 he sold Broadleas to the Rev. William Maskell, the author of |
Monumenta Ritualia and other works, who lived there until 1847 |
when he took the living of St. Mary’s Church, Devon, and soon after |
joined the Church of Rome in 1850. In 1852 the estate was bought by |
William Ewart, M.P. for Dumfries, on whose death in 1869 it became |
the property of his younger daughter, Margaret, from whom it now |
passes to her nephew, Mr. Lee Ewart. q
Of William Ewart, the purchaser of Broadleas in 1852, Liber
politician and philanthropist, the Weltshire Gazette reprints a long|
obituary notice which appeared in its columns at his death. He was)
the “son of William, a Liverpool merchant, who was the son Of}
Andrew Ewart, minister of Troqueer in the 18th century. Born,|
1798 in Liverpool, educated at Eton and Christ Church, B.A. 1821,|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 113
called to the Bar 1827, M.P. for Bletchingley 1828, M.P. for Liverpool
1830, 1831, and 1833 to 1837, M.P. for Wigan, and from 1841 to 1868
for Dumfries, died, aged 70, Jan. 28rd, 1869. Buried at Bishops
Cannings. The act establishing Public Libraries was brought in by
him in 1850, and he was largely instrumental in the passing of several
other measures.
Iford Manor, the property of Mr. H. A. Peto. By H.
| Avray Tipping. Country LIfe, Aug. 26th and Sept. 2nd, 1922, pp.
242—248, 272—277. ‘Twenty-one photo illustrations. The House from
S.E., The Hall, In the Garden Hall, From Garden Hall to Hall, The
Loggia, The Fountain Recess, Well-head and Casita, In the Casita,
Western End of Terrace, The Patio, The Bridge, The Cloister from
without, The Cloister from within, S. View as seen from Cloister
Garth, Entrance to Cloister, E. Walk of Cloister, N. Walk of Cloister,
Ascent from Lily Pool to Terrace, Eastern Half of Terrace, On the
Terrace, A Philsopher in Marble.
The original house seems to have been a late 15th century building
erected by the Hortons, who held it under the Hungerfords until it
was bought in 1700 by William Chanler, salter, of Bradford, who
apparently built on the present classicfront. The fine 15th century fire-
place and doorway now in the Hall were found by Mr. Peto built up in
the wall as well as a window now in the “** Garden Hall.”
Mr. Peto is well known as a designer of Formal Gardens, and much
of his work has been illustrated in the pages of Country Life. His
own garden here illustrated is full of architectural features, flights of
steps, terraces, stone seats, the “Casita,” the “Cloisters,” and the
‘Patio,’ wherein are arranged a wonderful collection of spoils from
Italy and elsewhere. A capital from the destroyed Church of St.
Andrew of the Goths at Ravenna, built by Theodoric, Byzantine and
later Italian columns, a fine Greek Sarcophagus of the 3rd century
B.C., Great Oil Jars, and numberless architectural fragments from
Roman and Byzantine days downwards. Amongst the most precious
are two 14th century lions of red Verona marble, once part of the
facade of the Casa d’ Oro in Venice, and a beautiful 14th century
figure of the Virgin and Child which may have come from Rheims
Cathedral.
By Ed. Kite. Article in Wiltshire Gazette, April 20th, 1922.
| The first member of the family settled in Devizes was Henry Grubbe,
glover and gauntlet maker, whose children were baptised at St. John’s
in 1560. He was Mayor in 1568 and M.-P. in 1577, and died 1582. The
particulars of his will are here given. His surviving son, Thomas, was
in 1598 appointed one of the surveyors of the Manors of Agnes,
Marchioness of Winchester, in 1612 was one of the feoffees of St.
Mary’s Church lands, and in 1615 lessee of the Manor and Prebend of
Potterne from the Bishop. He married Susan, d. of John Hart, alder-
man of Bristol. . His eldest son, John, b. 1588, succeeded as tenant of
On XLII,—NO. CXXXVII. :
114
Chippenham. An ancient Saxon Town, its Sur. | :
Wiltshire Books, Panyphlets, and Articles.
Potterne Manor and Prebend, the rent paid quarterly being tendered |
first at the Manor House, then on the Dole stone in the churchyard, |
near the north Porch, and lastly at the Village Pound, as typifying the |
authority of the Bishop both ecclesiastical and civil within the parish, |
John married Jenever, d. of Thomas Baskerville, of Richardston, in |
Winterbourne Bassett, and was Sheriff 1638. His will was proved 1649. |
His elder son, Monee married Thomazine, d. of Walter Bourchier, of |
Barnesley, Elles: His eldest son Walter, b. 1655, married Rebeca
Brereton, and was M.P. for Devizes and died 1715 without issue, when |
his sister Mary, wife of Thomas Hunt, of West Lavington, became the |
heir and conveyed the Grubbe property into the family of Hunt, and |
her only son, William, of West Lavington, took the surname of Grubbe, |
marrying first, 1729, Margaret, d. of Thomas Smith, of Shaw House, |
Melksham, and secondly, Ann, d. of Roger Dorchester of Etchilhamp- |
ton. Their eldest son, Thomas Hunt Grubbe, of Eastwell, married |
Dorothy Mary, d. of Rev. Andrew Milnes, D.D., of Newark, Notts, |
and died 1820, . Of their children the eldest son, William Hunt Grubbe, |
died 1813, aged 23; Thomas Hunt Grubbe, of Eastwell, Capt. 63rd |
Foot, died 1868, aged 76. His eldest son, Walter Heneage, died in his}
father’s lifetime, and Eastwell passed to the younger son, Henry George |}
Hunt Grubbe, whose widow is its present occupant. Eastwell House, |
built apparently about 1570, was modernised in 1760. A brick wall on |
the terrace has the date 1658. }
roundings and Associations. By J. Lee Osborn.|
Illustrated. Price 1s.6d. Cirencester, “Wilts and Gloucestershire|
Standard” Printing Works. 1921. |
Pamphet, 8vo, pp. 40. This excellent eighteen-penny worth, which |
smaller local Guide,” consists of four articles published in the Walts)}
and Gloucestershire Standard, reprinted almost in their original form,!}
with an introduction in which the principles of ‘“ Restoration,” of) )
Church or house alike, are severely laid down. Chippenham itself is)f
account of the Church, the curious charity left by Robert Gale in 1628,
and other matters are well touched on. Then come the “Surroundings” §
Sutton Benger,” ‘“ Bremhill and Stanley Abbey,” “Langley Burrell}
and Maud Heath’s Causeway, Tytherton and Christian Malford.” Inj}
all these cases it happens, doubtless not by accident, that the Churchesy§
have not been adequately described before, and Mr. Lee Osborn is to
be thanked for filling the gap. In his account of Bremhill Church he
speaks of the restoration of 1850, as being “ of particular atrocity,” in
that it swept away a fine screen, pulled down and rebuilt the Early
English arcading, with lengthened conaenne) and destroyed an interesting
polished cross slab on the chancel floor, anid what he says is no doubt
true, but alas! if he himself had been in Archdeacon Drury’s place he
{
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 115
would probably have committed precisely similar atrocities, for in 1850
nobody understood the principles of restoration as he rightly impresses
them on us to-day. The men who were somewhat in advance of their
time, as Archdeacon Drury was, did not do what they did merely out
of pure cussedness. Mr. Lee Osborn gives us many little bits of in-
formation not commonly known. His account of the curious Moravian
settlement, founded originally by John Cennick in 1742, at East
Tytherton, consisting of chapel, with minister’s house, girls’ school,
and the sisters’ house, known at first as ‘“‘ Lamb’s Acre,” is most in-
teresting. He corrects Aubrey on a curious point. Aubrey says that
the manor of Draycot was held in Petty Serjeanty by performing the
office of marshal at the King’s coronation, Jackson says the Petty
Serjeanty was the rendering every year a wand for the Third Officer
of the King’s Marshalsea. Mr. Lee Osborn remarks that the per-
formance of the office of Marshal is a service of Grand Serjeanty (the
performance of some ceremonial office), and not of Petty Serjeanty (the
presentation of some trifling instrument). At Bremhill he notices the
peculiar position of the Vicar as owner of rectorial tithes, a result of a
medizeval accommodation between the Bishop of Salisbury and the
Abbot of Malmesbury. There are photos of Chippenham Bridge, Old
Town Hall and Church; a drawing of old Draycot House (from
Aubrey); Sutton Benger Church ; and Sisters’ House, and Minister’s
House, Chapel, and School at the Moravian Settlement at Tytherton.
Lucy’s Official Borough Guide to Marlborough, with
a short account of Places of Interest in the
Neighbourhood and an Appendix on the Pre-
historic Antiquities and Natural History of the
District. Marlborough, Lucy & Co. 1922.
[Price 1s. 6d.]
Cr. 8vo, stiff covers, pp. 85. Illustrations from photos, Grand Avenue,
Ailesbury Arms Hotel, Marlborough from Granham Hill, Castle Inn
C. House, High Street (2) looking W. and E., St. Mary’s Ch. W. Door,
Old Barn Wulfhall, Aldbourne Church and Cross, Devil’s Den, Avebury
—Stone of Outer Circle, Avebury Church, and two Maps of roads and
paths in Savernake Forest, and West Woods.
The appearance and printing of this ‘‘Guide ” hardly does credit to
its really excellent contents. ‘The reader expects a popular “ Guide
Book” and finds something very superior to the ordinary run of such
publications. Its author, Mr. H. C. Brentnall, is to be congratulated
on the amount of accurate Historical and Topographical information
as to the Town and Neighbourhood which he has managed to include
in these 85 pages, information which can be relied upon, whilst much
of it is first hand and has not been printed over and over again. The
ordinary visitor, or even resident, will find here everything that he
wants to know about the place, and what is more he will find it served
up in such an extremely readable form that he will find himself reading
it as a book, instead of merely consulting it as a guide,
TE 2
116
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
After an informing Introduction on the characteristeristics of the
country round, geological, climatic, and historical, the question of the
origin of the Castle Mound is discussed, the finding of Roman coins in
1650 and of deer horn picks in 1892 and 1912 suggesting the possibility
of a Neolithic origin. A good outline of the history of the Castle is
given, and it is suggested that the tradition attaching to the font in
Preshute Church, which is supposed to have come from the Chapel of
St. Nicholas, in the Castle, the foundations of which have been recently
found at the foot of the mound, may well be so far true, that one or
more of King John’s children may have been christened in it. Certainly
he married his first wife, Alice of Gloucester, here. The Castle, more
or less ruined when Leland saw it in 1541,was stillinhabited by members.
of the Seymour Family in 1642, and was fit to receive Charles IT. twenty
. years later. Before 1700, however, all that was left of it was swept
away and replaced by the two end wings of “C. House” from the
designs of Webb, the east wing being the earliest. In early Georgian
days the existing central block was built between the two wings, and
in 1792 the north portico, removed fom Mildenhall Woodlands House,
was added. The College and its buildings are, of course, fully described,
but less easily discovered points of interest in the town are not forgotten,
such as the fine Elizabethan oak staircase, panelled room, and stone
fireplace behind Messrs. Lucy’s shop, with the curious sundial in stained
glass in the window ; the oak staircase in Cavendish House; and the
panelled room at Mr. Mundy’s. Mr. Brentnall suggests that the
earthworks at the top of Kingsbury Street, on the Common, though
traditionally connected with the siege of 1642, may really be a portion
ofa Roman Camp. Savernake Forest is, of course, fully dealt with, its.
ancient bounds and its modern paths, and other points of interest.
“The Column” was originally erected by George Bubb Dodington,
Lord Melcombe, in 1761, in the grounds of Brandenburgh House,
Hammersmith, in memory of his wife, whose heart was said to be
enclosed in the urn that crowns it. His cousin and heir, the Earl of
Ailesbury, removed and re-erected it in 1781 as it now stands. The
panels of glass discovered in 1880 in the existing farmhouse at Wulfhall,
consisting of the imperial crown, the badge of Jane Seymour, the Prince:
of Wales’ feathers, and the Tudor rose, dating apparently between
15387 and 1547, were, in 1905 removed to a window in the chancel of Great
Bedwyn Church over the tomb of Sir John Seymour.
The neighbouring villages are of course more lightly touched on than
Marlborough itself, but sufficiently and with knowledge—Chisbury and
Knowle Chapels, the “Knowle Gloss,” the new additions to Upham
House, the “ Templars’ Bath” sarsen, the recent work of securing the
Devil’s Den, are all mentioned.
Itis a little misleading to say that two of the circular Saxon clerestory
windows in Avebury Church “were found in the Churchyard ” in 1880.
It is true that they were so found, but only because an ignorant
architect had just pulled them out of their original place in the wall.
Again, at Ramsbury the font, which is amateur work of 1842, is spoken —
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 117
of with too much respect, and at Great Bedwyn the remains of the
screen surely now adorn 8. Kensington Museum, and no longer appear
in the 8. aisle. There are notes on Prehistory, and Natural History,
and a sufficient index. Everyone visiting Marlborough should arm
themselves with this guide on arrival.
Devizes Town Hall. Portraits of Mayors. The Wilt-
shire Gazette of Nov. 3rd, 1921, gives a list and some account of the 43
enlarged photographs of the Mayors who have held office during the
last 70 years from 1850, which have recently been hung in the vestibule
of the Town Hall. The collection is complete except in five or six
cases, the actual number of photographs being 43, as some of the
Mayors held office four or even five times.
‘Market Thursday. A Scene in Wessex.’ Article in
The Times, June 24th, 1921, describing Devizes Market, with the
Bear Hotel, and the Ruth Pierce monument.
Devizes Castle. ‘‘Castrum ad Divisas.” By W. H.
Butcher. Jour. Brit. Arch. Assoc., xxiv., 1918, pp. 129—163. 1 Fig.
Report of the Marlborough Coll, Nat. Hist. Soc. for
the year 1921. No. 70. 8vo. pp. 61.
The nesting of Cirl Bunting, Great Crested Grebe, Snipe, and Red-
shank within the ten mile radius of Marlborough is recorded. The
steady recovery of Gold Crests and Long-tailed Tits from the terrible
winter of 1917 is noted, with the increase of Goldfinches and Kestrels.
Senecio squalidus, Senecio integrifolius, Helleborine purpurata (near
Chilton Foliot), Helleborine longifolra,: Potamogeton polygonifolius
(near Folly Farm), and Polygonum maculatum, var., incanum
(near Burridge Heath, Bedwyn), are amongst new or uncommon
flowering plants noticed. Limenctes sibylla (White Admiral) has been
again recorded, as also is Lycena bellargus (Clifden Blue).
An abstract of Mrs. Cunnington’s paper in the Antequartes’ Journal,
Jan., 1922, on the Early [ron village site at All Cannings Cross Farm
as well as an abstract of Mr. Passmore’s report on the “ Underpinning
of the Devil’s Den,” with five illustrations of the work, an-account of
“A Geological Expedition to Arran and Skye,” and notes of new species
of Mosses, Hepatics, Lichens, Rust Fungi, Plant Galls, and Mollusca
from the Bedwyn neighbourhood, are given. It is noted that in June,
1921, the Kennet was dry at Lockeridge, and by December as far down
as “Treacle Bolly,” 14 miles from its source. ‘The last time it was dry
at Clatford is said to have been in 1855. ‘The condition of the wells in
the neighbourhood during the drought is noted. It is, on the other
hand noted that no signs of the streets of Cunetio, which are said to
appear in dry weather, in Black Field, at Mildenhall, were visible.
The total rainfall for the year was 18°34 inches, against an average of
32 inches. An interesting number of the Report.
118 Wiltshire Books, Panphlets, and Articles.
A Village Site of the Hallstatt Period in Wiltshire.
By Mrs. M. E. Cunnington. The Antiquaries’ Journal,
Jan., 1922, Vol. II., No. 2, pp. 183—19. Two plates and two figs. in text.
This is a short but excellent account of the chief results of the excava-
tions carried out at All Cannings Cross Farm in 1911 and 1920, of the for=
mer of which some description was given in Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxvii.,
526. It willbe remembered that attention was first drawn to the site by
the extraordinary number of “‘ mullers,” or ‘“ Hammerstones,” scattered
over several acres of an arable field just below Rybury Camp. Mrs.
Cunnington says that “ No evidence has been found to show what the
hammerstones of flint and sarsen were used for; it seems that they
must have been used in dressing stone for some purpose, perhaps in
making querns and mealing stones out of the sarsen boulders that
occur naturally on these downs” (as has been suggested by Mr. A. D.
Passmore, from the use of precisely similar hammerstones for this.
purpose in the Soudan to-day). ‘‘ The site has yielded a great quantity
of pottery ; fragments representing not far short of a thousand pots
have been found; a good many bone implements, such as pins, needles,
combs, scoops, etc. ; spindle whorls, loom weights, bronze and iron slag,
fragments of crucibles, and a large number of bones of animals that
had been used for food. The chief interest and importance of the site
lies in the fact that the pottery as a whole seems to belong to the
Halstatt period and to be throughout of Halstatt type.” From the
fragments found Mrs. Cunnington has reconstructed twenty-nine com-
plete vessels. The commonest type, that apparently in everyday
domestic use, so closely resembles in shape, material, and ornament,
some of the cinerary urns from the barrows believed to be of the Late
Bronze Age, that it would no doubt have been assigned to that age if
it had been foundalone. The only ornamentation on these vessels is a
row of finger-tip impresions round the shoulder. These suggest that.
the date of the settlement was not far removed from the end of the
Bronze Age. On the other hand the presence of a variety of iron
objects, as well as an abundance of superior and peculiar types of
pottery show that the settlement must date from the Early Iron Age.
The whole of the pottery seems to be of one period, not a single frag-
ment of Romano-British ware occurred, and Mrs. Cunnington believes.
that the life of the settlement could only have covered two or three
centuries, and that it marks the invasion of a new people who had not
been here in the Bronze Age. The presence of brooches of “ La Tene I.”
type both in bronze and iron, which are generally dated in France from
400 to 250 B.C., shows that the settlement existed until after 400 B.C.
On the other hand the flowing scrolls so typical of the “‘ Late Celtic”
culture of Glastonbury Lake Village, Hunsbury Camp, &c., is entirely
absent, and All Cannings is clearly earlier than these well-known sites.
Pottery similar to that of All Cannings has been found at Hengistbury
(Hants), and was assigned to the Halstatt period, but was there
mixed with pottery of other ages. All Cannings at present is the only |
site known in England where the remains are exclusively of the
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 119
Halstatt—La Tene I. period, which may perhaps be dated between 700
and 350 B.C. The full results of the All Cannings diggings are to be
published separately.
It is curious that the same number of the Antiquaries’ Journal
contains a paper by Mr. O. G.S. Crawford, ‘“ A Prehistoric Invasion
of England,” contending that the “ finger-tip ornament” on pottery
marks the advent of a fresh wave of invaders, at the end of the Bronze
Age, somewhere about 800 B.C., and giving good reasons for his
contention.
_Hammerstones. By A. D. Passmore. A short paper in Proc. of the
Prehistoric Soc. of East Anglia, read Oct. 18th, 1920, pp. 4, sets forth
the writer’s claim to have solved the question of the use of the globular
“mullers,” or ‘“‘ hammerstones,” which occur in such numbers on ancient
sites on the Downs, especially at All Cannings Cross. He quotes the
statements of two travellers, one in the Sudan and the other on the
Victoria Nyanza, describing in precisely similar terms the use of
“hammerstones” as Mr, Passmore himself has seen them used in the
Sudan. “Saddle Querns” are still commonly used for grinding corn
in Africa exactly as they were in prehistoric days in Wiltshire. Mr.
Robertson describes the making of a new saddle quern. A woman “ was
-kneeling on the ground and before her was a large slab of coarse-grained
hard greenstone, the surface of which was slightly convex. ‘To answer
the purpose required it should be concave. | ‘l'’o move the necessary
amount of unrequired surface she held a round pebble of about three
inches in diameter in her right hand and dropped it on the stone from a
height of about nine inches, and catching it on the rebound continued the
process till tired . . . each blow fractured a small part of the sur-
face, the resultant sand and scaly pieces being from time to timeswept
away. This process was observed for an hour, when quite an appreciable
amount of the surface had been removed. I then examined the pebble
and found it to be exactly like an English hammerstone in every
respect. Alongside the stone was a pebble with ground edges exactly
as Class 3 (the flatter sarsen mullers with keeled edges, so often found
with the globular “hammerstones”), which the woman informed me
was for the final smoothing of the corn stone, and gave mean illustration
of how it was used by rubbing with sand and water.” Mr. R. H.
Walker describes the use of hammerstones thus :—“ These stones be-
come absolutely spherical from constant use, being turned about in the
hand and dropped on the rock. They are just the size of a cricket
ball. ‘They keep the surface of the saddle quern rough by dropping
the stones on it from a height of about ten inches, in time the quern
gets worn into holes or basins by this constant process of preparing the
surface, and the hammerstone, which at first may be shapeless, soon
becomes smooth and spherical.” Thus it appears that the spherical
hammerstones are used both in making and roughening the surface of
the saddle querns, and the keeled stones in rubbing the surface down
level when too rough. This seems obviously the true explanation of
the use of these two classes of Wiltshire ‘‘ Mullers,” or ‘‘ Hammerstones ,
120 , Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Excavations on Hackpen Hill, Wilts, By the Rev.
H. G. O. Kendall. Proc. Soc. Ant. Lond., 2nd 8., XXVIIL,
pp. 26—48. Map, Plan, Section, and 24 figures of flints.
These excavations: were made in 1912 in the gravel and clay on |
Hackpen Hill, above Winterbourne Bassett, at a height of 875ft, near |
Glory Ann Barn, to determine the age and character of the worked |
flints occurring there. The writer claims that the ruder of these flints |
show distinctly human work, and that they closely resemble many of
the ruder worked flints from Knowle Farm Pit of the Chelles period, |
whilst typical Paleolithic implements have been found on this spot, at |
Liddington Castle, on Martinsell, and on Milk Hill (954ft.). He con-
tends that the so-called Eoliths are in some cases certainly, and in others
probably, the minor tools of Early Paleolithic industries, and that the
plateau tools are really Palzoliths. A typical Paleeolith from Whyr
Farm, Winterbourne Bassett, is illustrated, as well as an abraded
specimen of sarsen. |
Eoliths. Their Origin and Age. Presidetitiall qd
Address, by the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall, F S.A. |
Reprinted from Proceedings of the Prehistoric Soc. of East Anglia for | |
1920—21. 8vo, pp. 20, 9 plates. |
In this paper Mr. Kendall develops his belief that the rude edad |
trimmed flints, commonly known as “ Eoliths,” for the most part cannot
be regarded as earlier than the well-formed eu eal of Palzeolithie |
times. He regards them as “minor tools,’ which may be practically |
of any Paleolithic age, or even much later. Ene Alderbury Pits |
produce these ‘ Eoliths” abundantly, and no Paleolithic implements |
have yet been found there, but both in the case of these, and of the |
Plateau flints of rude Eolithic character found on Hackpen Hill, at |
Winterbourne Bassett, Avebury, &c., identical, as they are apparently, |
with the Plateau ‘‘ Koliths” of Kent, he claims that their patina and |
the oldest patina on a Paleolithic implement is broken through by !
subsequent “ Kolithic” chipping. On the top of Hackpen, at a height |
of 875ft., from which numbers of “ Eoliths” have come, he claims to |}
have found in all some two dozen Paleoliths, in precisely the same |}
conditions as the “ Eoliths,” and therefore of the same age. In short |}
he contends that if the term “ Eolith” is retained it must not be)
understood to denote an earlier age, but simply a ruder form of work, |
than that seen on the ordinary Palzolithic implement. A great number!
of flints, the majority from North Wilts, are admirably illustrated in|
the plates.
A Fragment of ‘Blue Stone” [Micaceous Sand-|
stone] near Avebury and its accompaniments.| |
By Rev. H. G. O. Kendall. Jan, April, 1918, pp. 54—55, 1 Fig. by
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 121
Old Sarum. Report of Excavations in 1915. Proc.
Soc. Ant. Lond. XXVIILI., 1915—16, pp. 174—184, 4 Figs.
The Avebury Ditch. By A. D. Passmore. Antiquaries’ Journal,
April, 1922, Vol. IL., pp. 109—111. The writer suggests that the object
of the great depth of the ditch on the S. side, 30ft., alongside the
entrance causeway, was to obtain a level bottom all the way round, the
ground being higher on the south than on the north side of the circle,
and that this was done to facilitate the flooding of the whole ditch from
the low ground leading from the River Kennet towards the present church-
yard, near the foot bridge leading to Trusloe Manor. There would
be no difficulty about this, he says, as the water level was no doubt
higher in Prehistoric days, and even now the original bottom of the
ditch at the entrance of the Kennet Avenue is only 5ft. 3in. above the
level of the Kennet at the bridge on the Beckhampton Road, 520 yards
away. He suggests that as the ground level on the N. side is some 17ft.
lower than it is on the south, the ditch on the N. side need only be 20ft.
deep instead of 30ft. A table of levels taken specially for Mr. Passmore
is printed. This enticing suggestion, however, has these considerations
against it:—the bottom of the ditch was not level, Mr. Gray’s recent
(1922) excavations showed a rise in the bottom of 6ft. from the lowest
point nearest the causeway, in the 20ft. length of ditch excavated, and
it was quite evident that there was no fine silting or mud on the
bottom of the ditch, as surely there would have been had the ditch
ever held water for any length of time. Moreover, it has to be re-
membered that if the ditch was ever to be kept open to anything like
its original depth, the vast amount of chalk rubble falling from the
exceedingly steep sides must have been very frequently cleared out,
and this could not have been done with water in the ditch.
Spye Park. The Wiltshire Gazette, June 15th, 1922, reprintsfrom Z’he
Sporting Magazine, Nov., 1808, a detailed account copied from the
York Herald, of the astonishing “ Progress” of Colonel Thornton from
his old home at Falconer’s Hall, Yorks, to Spye Park, a distance of
200 miles. Packs of Staghounds, Foxhounds, Otterhounds, and
Beagles, ‘Terriers, and Greyhounds, Horses, a Falconer and Falcons,
waggon loads of Deer, Wild Boars, Fishing Cormorants, Ichneumons
and Ferrets, and White Muscovy Ducks, and nine waggon loads of the
finest old wines in the kingdom were some of the items in the procession,
which, after causing a great sensation at York, eventually arrived at
Spye Park “ without the least injury.”
Roundway Park. The Old and New Mansions.
An interesting note by H. Robinson appears in Waltshire Gazette, May
4th, 1922, describing the old house of the Willey family, of red brick
with stone dressings, now the N. side of the quadrangle of the present
house. ‘The new mansion was built by James Wyatt, the architect, for
James Sutton. The original oak staircase and plaster ceiling of the
old entrance hall still remains in the servants’ quarters.
122 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Wardour Castle, the Home ofthe Arundells. Wiit-
shire Times, Jan. 21st, 1922. The story of the defence of the Castle by
Lady Blanche against Sir Edward Hungerford in the Civil War is told
at length, with photos of the exterior and interior of the Castle.
The Old Town Hall and Blind House at Chippenham.
There appeared in the Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 8th, 1921, a letter from
George A. H. White protesting against a proposal which had been
brought forward in the Chippenham Town Council to convert the old
Blind House beneath the Old Town Hall into a “ Public Convenience.” |
This protest was supported by the Editor of the Wiltshire Gazette and |
others. In the issue of the Gazette for Dec. 22nd an article was printed
giving the history of the Old Town Hall and a very interesting repro-
duction of a water colour drawing by W. W. W., in Mr. White’s
possession showing the building as it was before the passage along its
side from the Shambles to the street was built up in 1865, or the clock
removed from the gable in 1858, together with a modern photo showing
its present position crowded in between higher buildings.
Longleat, the most magnificent Country House in England. An article
reprinted from Country Life in Wiltshire Times, July 1st, 1922, with
photo of the house from the air.
Oxen at the Plough. Wiltshire Times, Jan. 14th, 1922. Quite a —
good article on the use of Oxen on the Wiltshire Downlands, in former |
times almost universal, but now practically extinct. ‘The names of |
several farmers who continued to use them longest in the Wylye,
Lavington, Bratton, and Imber neighbourhoods, are given. Herefords,
Shorthorns, and Devons were used in Wilts, the latter having an |
advantage over the two former, that coming from a warmer climate |
they could stand work in hot weather far better. An interesting |)
account of a team of five bulls who worked in carts and waggons as |
their owner claimed better than horses, is given.
Longbridge Deverill Church. The Wiltshire Times, Nov. 7
ay 1921, notes that three helmets, a sword, a pair of gauntlets, and |
two “ crowns, ’ which hung over the arch of the Bath cane and were |
hung in the tower chee they can be well seen.
Westbury Church Bells. The dedication of the new peal of
bells in Westbury Church is described in Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 3rd, |_
1921, as having taken place on Oct. 29th. The six old bells have been)
re-cast, on the ground that they were out of tune, by Taylors, of Lough- |
borough, and two new bells have been added at a cost of £1058. The)
old peal was the heaviest of any parish Church in Salisbury Diocese, |
and the new peal is heavier still. The inscriptions on the old bells,)
which have been reproduced on their successors, are given.
|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 123
Viscount Long of Wraxall. The elevation of the Rt. Hon.
W. H. Long to the Peerage was the occasion of a long appreciative article
and sketch of his career in the Wiltshire Times, May 21st, 1921, with
a photo portrait and a reproduction of an unpublished drawing, ‘ Mr.
Walter Long addressing the House of Commons,” by F’. C. Gould.
George Herbert, Saint, Pastor, and Poet. By Florence
Bone. Article in The Sunday at Home, Feb., 1922, with views of
Bemerton Church and Salisbury Cathedral, and a reproduction of
Dyce’s picture ‘‘ George Herbert at Bemerton.”
Anthony Wilkins, of Westbury, Gent., who sailed
with Sir Walter Raleigh, 1617. Wiltshire Times,
Dec. 24th, 1921. Anthony Wilkins was presumably on board the South-
ampton, the ship of Captain Bailey, who deserted Sir Walter in the
Canaries and returned to England, where Anthony Wilkins gave
evidence before the Court of Admiralty on Nov. 12th, 1617, as to the
doings of Captain Bailey and Sir Walter in Cork Harbour and the
Canaries. His evidence as here reprinted, was wholly in Sir Walter’s
favour, who was accused of piracy by Capt. Baily.
eo mas Pratt, Rector of Woodborough, was in 1553
arrested by three servants of Robert Hungerford, Sheriff, and made
to walk 14 miles to Cadenham House, where he was shut up for 10
days, because, said the Sheriff, of his immoral life, for which he pro-
posed to report him to the Bishop. Weltshire Times, June 17th, 1922.
Thomas Hobbes, of Malmesbury. A well-written and amus-
ih
|
|
|
ing article by the Rev. A. C. Holden in Wiltshire Gazette, June 15th,
1922.
‘An Old Time Parson, 1654—1713. By the Rev.
Canon R. G. Livingstone, of Brinkworth. A short
article in The Bristol Diocesan Review, No. I., Jan., 1922, p.
11, gives some account of Narcissus Marsh, born at Hannington, Dec.
26th, 1638, educated at Highworth, and Magdalen Hall, Oxford,
Fellow of Exeter Coll. Oxon 1658, Vicar of Swindon, 1662. Resigning
this living he became Provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1678, where
he instituted Irish lectures, services, and sermons, became Bishop of
Ferns, and Archbishop successively of Cashel, Dublin, and Armagh.
ittlecote. A photo of the East Front, with long letterpress account
I}
\
of the career of the financier, Mr. Gerard Lee Bevan, the occupier of
the house, and the sensational collapse of the City Equitable Fire
Insurance Company is reprinted from the Sunday Hapressin Wiltshire
Times, Feb. 18th, 1922, with the story of the Darell legend.
Salisbury Cathedral, Chancellor Wordsworth delivered three
lectures dealing with various matters connected with the history of the
Cathedral, abstracts of which were printed in Salisbury Journal, Nov.
124
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
13th, 20th, and 27th, 1920. Before 1840, when the separate prebendal |
estates were vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, each Canon
on collation to a prebendal stall, paid £5 in support of the Cathedral
library, and from 1490 all dignitaries paid in addition, on admission,
the collation fee or ‘‘Cope money ”—originally for the provision of
copes—which apparently was paid down to 1840. The third lecture
was on “The Canon Residentiary.” After the removal from Old Sarum
the General Rule making constant residence compulsory for all canons
was relaxed for a term of years, during which all Canons except those
in attendance on the King or the Bishop, were to keep at least 40 days
residence. The attempt to induce every Canon to build a house in the
Close for himself with accommodation for his Chaplain and Vicar
never entirely succeeded. Possibly not more than thirteen good
canonical houses besides the Bishop’s Palace were ever built. The |
Dean had no official residence till Dean Robert Wykehampton presented |
one in 1277. The first seven Deans were all elected from among the |
Canons, but from 1309 to 1379 five Deans appointed by the King were |
all French or Italian Cardinals and non-resident. The provision by |}
which the houses built by the Canons, and so their own personal
property, became by the gradually decreasing rent paid to their repre-_ |
sentatives by each successive occupant, attached to the Cathedral as |
official residences, is shown at length, by the provisions made in Elias de
Dereham’s will, for the future use of “ Leadenhall,” which he had built |
at great cost as a pattern residence for himself. Each Canon, as well —
as the Bishop and Dean, was required to appoint and pay a competent
Vicar Choral, either in Sub-Deacon’s, Deacon’s, or Priest’s orders,
according to the rank of the prebendal stall, who usually sat below his
Canon in the second row in the choir. In consequence of the lack of |
housing accommodation it was arranged about 1320 that the 52 Canons |
should take a turn of residence for one quarter of each year. :
Salisbury Cathedral. Appeal for Repairs to the
Spire and Ancient Glass. Wiltshire Gazette, May 25th,
1922, contains a full report of a meeting in the Chapter House at
which the Dean issued an appeal for £3000, of which £1200 had already
been spent on structural repairs to the upper part of the spire, and
£900 was required for re-leading the ancient glass, a matter which was
urgently necessary.
Salisbury Cathedral Spire. The vane on the top of the spire
made by Grist in 1762, measuring 7ft. in length, and weighing 1 cwt., |
2, qrs., 3lbs., has been removed and is not to be replaced, and in future
the spire will be surmounted only by the’ Cross, as the weight of the
vane is considered a danger. Salisbury Journal, Sept., 1921.
Salisbury, Marriage Licenses, A.D. 1668—79 (con-
tinued). By Edmund Nevil and Reg. Boucher. Genealogist, N.S. 33 |
—37. 1917 to 1921.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 125.
Annual Report of the Salisbury, S, Wilts, and Black-
more Museum for 1921—1922. Pamphlet, 8vo., pp. 16.
The educational work undertaken by the Curator, Mr. F. Stevens,
under the terms of the Wilkes’ bequest, in the form of lectures, both
to children and adults, and the admirable way in which that work is
carried out, have made Salisbury Museum of late years an example
and a pattern in this particular respect to most similar institutions in
England. In addition to this most important work, it has at last
been possible to expend some £1200 of the Wilkes’ bequest in building
a boiler house, with radiators throughout the Museum, a staff room,
lavatories, and storage cupboards, and some £329 on new cases, in
which the fine and representative collection of pottery and porcelain
included in the Wilkes bequest has, together with that already belonging
to the Museum, been brought together and is now exhibited to great
advantage in the fine circular room. A record of a most progressive
year’s work,
Blias de Dereham. Canon J. M. J. Fletcher, preaching in
Salisbury Cathedral at the Commemoration of Founders and Bene-
factors, Nov. 2nd, 1920, after touching on the work of William de
Wanda, Dean 1220—1237, Edmund Rich, Treasurer, afterwards Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, and Robert Grosseteste, afterwards Bishop of
Lincoln, dwelt especially on the life and work of Elias de Dereham,
architect of the Cathedral. Born civ. 1167, at West Dereham, Norf.,
he was a close friend of Archbishop Hubert Walter, also a native of
West Dereham, who appointed him his executor. He was also executor
to Archbishops Stephen Langton and Richard Grant, as well as to
Bishops Richard Poore and Peter de Blois, of Winchester. He was
Rector of Harrow-on-the- Hill, and “King’s Clerk,” Canon of Wells,
and the friend of Bishop J oscelyne, of Wells, and his brother, Bishop
Hugh, of Lincoln, who had acted as Vice-Chancellor to the Archbishop.
During the Interdict of 1208 he spent much time in France with the
two Bishops. He became Canon of Salisbury before 1220, He was
engaged with Walter de Colchester in the construction of the famous
Shrine of St. Thomas 4 Becket, at Canterbury, both of them being
described by Matthew Paris as “incomparable artificers.” Canon
Fletcher mentions the authorities for the tradition that he was the
architect of Salisbury, Dean Wanda, Leland, and the Close Rolls of
1225. He is also believed to be the architect of the Great Hall of
Winchester Castle, and probably of the West Front of Wells Cathedral,
possibly of the Chapel of the Nine Altars at Durham. The sermon is
printed in full in Salisbury Journal, Nov. 6th, and a large portion of
it in Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 25th, 1920.
salisbury Mace Stand. The Salisbury Times, Aug. 18th, 1922,
prints a good process illustration, and part of an article by L. W. C.
from the Western Daily Press, together with notes by Mr. J. J.
Hammond, and Alderman C. Haskins, on a fine carved wooden shield,
which for many years was in private hands and was recently for sale
126
Salisbury through the Ages. Abstracts of the second series |
Salisbury Public Library. Report on Educational |}
Bristol Delft Posset Pot. In the Connoisseur, Aug., 1921, pP.|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
in Salisbury for £50. Alderman Haskins tried to raise the amount by ||
subscription to secure it for the city, but failing to do so, the shield |
was bought by the Rev. G. E. Quaille, who carried it off to Salisbury, |
Connecticut, U.S.A. At the top are the Royal Arms of George IL, in |
the centre the City Arms, with supporters and the date 1745, and below, —
what are supposed to be the arms of the Mayor, Thomas Smith, a |
benefactor to St. Edmund’s parish, ‘azure on a bend cotised three |
stirrups or.” The actual metal holders for the mace are gone, but the |
holes where they were attached to the shield remain. It is suggested |
that it may have come from St. Edmund’s Church, or, on the other |
hand, that it may have been the private property of Mayor Smith. |
of eight lectures given by Mr. F. Stevens, F.S.A., at the Public Library, |
Salisbury, from October, 1920, to March, 1921, and the third series, given |
from October, 1921, to March, 1922, appeared in the Salisbury Journal |
after each lecture. The lectures were entitled “ The Birth of the City” |}
(Bishop Poore, and the formation of the Cathedral and City); “The |
Youth of the City” (Bishop Bingham, St. Nicholas’ Hospital, Harnham |
Bridge, Simon de Montfort, the Cloisters) ; ‘‘ The Manhood of the City” J
(City Defences, Gates, Streets, Market, Cross, Inns, &c.) ; “‘ The Heart |
of the City” (Corporation, Guilds, Bishop Magwonch, Disturbances) ; | |
“The Soul of the City, the Lady Church, Without” (Cathedral, Friars, j
City Parishes, Building of Spire, Campanile); “The Soul of the City, |
the Lady Church, Within” (Boy Bishop, Tombs, Coats of Arms, |
Religious Movements of the 14th and 15th Centuries) ; “The Story of |
the Montacutes”; ‘The Fall of Buckingham” (War of Roses, &c.); 9
“The Dawn” (The Renaissance) ; “ The Old Order Changeth” (Disso-
lution, Growth of Corporation); “Salisbury at Work and Play” if
(Weights and Measures, Punishments, City Companies) ; “Gorges and |
Longford” (New families, Longford Castle, Bouveries) ; ‘* The Lord |}
have mercy on this house” (Plague in Salisbury, John Ivie) ; “ King |
and Parliament” (Civil War); “ After Worcester” (Penruddocke |}
Rising, Restoration) ; “‘ Let us now praise famous Men” (Worthies). |
Lectures, 1921—22. 8vo, pp. 7. This is the report of the|}
third year’s continuous course of Mr. Frank Stevens’ lectures. The}
synopsis of the eight lectures on Salisbury through the Ages being}
given here fully. The total attendances, though somewhat less than}
in the preceding years, yet averaged 288 at each lecture.
227—229, is an account, with a good photograph, of a remarkable blue-/¥
and-white Bristol Delft Posset Pot, with a Royal Crown on the covers| }
said to have been made for James II. on his marriage with Marie D’Hste|
in 1673. it measures with the cover just over 15 inches. No names)
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 127
known to have owned it since 1740, when it was in their possession at
Ham.
[Stonehenge.| Ancient Legend that Stonehenge
once stood on the Curragh of Kildare. By Lord
Walter Fitzgerald. Journal of Kildare Archxological Soc., 1X., No.
2, 1918, pp. 199—200, 2 figs.
Semington and Bradford, Weavers’ Riots, 1802.
Letters which passed between John Jones, Junior, J.P., of Woolley,
Bradford-on-Avon, and the Home Secretary, Lord Pelham, in 1802,
concerning the burning of a mill at Littleton, in Semington, and other
outrages round Bradford, are printed in Wiltshire Times, Jan. 21st,
1922.
Weavers’ Riots in West Wilts. The Proclamation by the
Magistrates of West Wilts issued to the rioters and others, July 24th,
1802, is printed in Wiltshire Tames, Aug. 26th, 1922.
Thomas Beaven, of Melksham, Clothier. The Mie-
shire Times, March 20th and May 6th, 1922, prints an account of
curious adventures of Thomas Beaven and his son-in-law, Josiah
Knight, merchant, of Tokenhouse Yard, in 1748. The former accepted
the offer of the Spanish Minister of £500 a year for himself and £50
a year for each of those he took with him, with £500 for expenses and a
good house to live in with the free exercise of his religion for seven years
certain, and an option of continuing or returning to England, if he
would go to Spain and assist in the manufacture of cloth at Madrid
just set up by the King of Spain. He seemed to have escaped from
his creditors at Melksham with difficulty and got safely to Spain, con-
trary to the Act of Parliament. Further letters, &c. (1749) on his
“most infamous scheme of betraying and seducing many artificers in
the clothing trade into a most wicked and pernicious project of trans-
lating this trade into Spain,” are printed in Weltshere Times, June 10th,
1922.
The Bristol Diocesan Review, No. I., January, 1922. New
Series, Vol. xxiv., takes the place of the Bristol Diocesan Magazine, of
‘which Vol. I. was published in 1898. The first number is of 4to size,
and contains 24 pages of varied matter, price 3d. net.
Trowbridge Brewers. A List of Brewers and Public Houses in
1842 is printed in Wiltshire Times, Aug. 26th, 1922.
Will of Penelope Hancocke, of Farley, Wilts, is printed
in Wiltshire Times, Aug. 26th, 1922.
The Crusaders’ Church, Ansty, Wilts. Pamphlet, cr. 8vo.,
pp. 11, with view of the Church and Commandery [1921]. The Rey.
W. Goodchild contributes four pages of notes on the Topography and
History of Ansty. Payne de Turberville was granted Ansty temp.
128 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
William Rufus ;his descendant, Walter de Turberville, gave it to the
Knights Hospitallers in 1211, in order, suggests the writer, that King
John’s court might have the advantage of the services of the Church
when the King was in South Wilts, during the period of the interdict,
as the possessions of all Templars and Hospitallers were exempt from
its effects. The existing building near the Church is probably the
guest house of the Commandery, which acquired the chase rights in
Ansty from Hen. III. in 1246, and additional land from Sir Thomas
West in 1339. At thesuppression Sir John Zouch bought the property
for £30 6s. 1d. In 1894 the family sold it to Mat. Arundell of War-
dour for £3250. The Nave of the Church built by the Knights
measures 34ft. x 12ft., the Chancel’ 30ft. x 11ft. 3in. Mr. Goodchild
suggests that these unusual proportions indicate that the Chancel was
intended for the sole use of the Knights and was screened off from the
Nave, which served as the Parish Church. Until 1898 the living was a
donative and not under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of the Diocese.
The remaining pages contain a balance sheet, list of subscribers, and
account of the work done at a cost of £570 in the restoration, chiefly
in the flooring, seating, and roof.
Figsbury Rings, or Chlorus’s Camp, four miles N.E. of Salisbury,
is described, with a plan, in the Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 2nd, 1922.
Large tracts of land to the E. of Old Sarum were acquired by the
Government for the purpose of a poison-gas factory, and other lands
right up to the rampart of the camp were commandeered, and there
was a likelihood of the Rings also being used for military purposes.
Sold a while ago by the syndicate known as “ Winterbourne Ltd.,” the
Rings and part of the farm were bought by Messrs. Folliott & Son, of
Salisbury. From them Mr. Arthur Whitehead, of Salisbury, bought
the Rings, in order to prevent the site falling into hands not likely to
preserve it. As he did not wish to keep it, Capt. B. H. Cunnington
has recently (Jan., 1922) purchased it (about 27 acres) in a very public
spirited way in order that its safety may be secured. Probably it will
be excavated by Captain and Mrs. Cunnington in the future. Thearea
of the camp is nearly 15 acres, the circuit of its ditch 4 furlongs, 198
yards. A peculiar feature is the irregular ditch some distance inside
the strong rampart. Possibly the name “ Chlorus’s Camp ” may be due
to Kennett’s “ Parochial Antiquities,” which tells of Chlorus, the father
of Constantine the Great, and of a fortification called “ Chlorea,” built
by him on the downs near Sarum, and connects what he calls
‘‘(hlorendon ” (Clarendon) with his name.
Grittleton and Leigh Delamere. An article by the Rey. E. A.
Gowring, Rector of Grittleton, in the Bristol Diocesan Review for
August,1922,describesthe beating ofthe bounds,and says that the bounds
as given in a charter of King Edmund to Wulfric, A.D. 940, can be
accurately followed at the present day. Reprinted in Waltshire Times,
Aug. 26th, 1922. .
oo a
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 129
The ‘‘Old Rectory” at Sutton Veny. The Wiltshire
Gazette, Nov. 3rd, 1921, has a good article on this interesting old house
visited by the Wilts Arch. Society in 1921, and recently restored by its
new owners. It is curious that Hoare in Modern Wilts describes “the
present Parsonage House” in Sutton Parva as “built out of the re-
mains of the Old Manor House” and gives particulars and measure-
ments of the Hall, which are approximately those of the Sutton Veny
(or Sutton Magna) house, which is not otherwise mentioned. It seems
likely that by a slip Hoare has placed the house at “Sutton Parva”
instead of “Sutton Magna.”
Trowbridge Conigre Pump. Joseph Slade, of Trowbridge, cir.
1840, dug a well and erected a pump on the N. side of Lower Broad
Street, Conigre, for the free use of the inhabitants, giving a house
and garden, the rent of which was to be applied to the repairs of
the pump. But the property became dilapidated and yielded no rent,
and the water was declared unfit for drinking purposes, and in 1908
permission was obtained to sell the property, and the £40 it brought
was invested for the benefit of the Cottage Hospital. Waltshire Times
Aug. 26th, 1922. |
Great Chalfield and South Wraxall Manor Houses.
Building News, Nov. 21st, 1917, p. 417. 1 plate.
Bradford-on-Avon Bridge Chapel. Building News, Dec.,
12th, 1917, p. 462. 1 fig.
The Cricklade Crosses. Architectural Review, Nov., 1919, pp.
118—120. 5 plans, 3 elevations, 2 figs.
The Green Dragon at Walmesbury. This picturesque little
old house, standing to the east of the Market Cross, was the subject
of some correspondence in the Wiltshire Gazette in November, 1921.
On the plea of throwing open the view of the Abbey Church from the
street, a movement was set on foot in Malmesbury to purchase and
demolish the old house. This Mr. J. Lee Osborn most vigorously
protested against as a piece of useless destruction, in a letter to the
Wiltshire Gazette, and was supported by the Editor of the paper. His
protest apparently had the desired effect, as he was able to report in
the issue of the Gazette for Dec. 1st that the house had been bought by
Mrs. Elizabeth Jackson, of Malmesbury, and would be preserved in its
present state. It contains a window which may be medizeval.
Sale of Books and MSS. from Rood Ashton Library.
This sale by Messrs. Sotheby, on Nov. 24th, is noted at some length in
the Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 1st, 1921. One hundred and ninety five
lots brought a total of £1898. The highest price paid was £185, for an
illuminated Book of Hours, French of the 15th century. ‘The Ist and
only 4to edition of Shakespeare’s ‘‘ Taming of the Shrew,” of 1631,
came next at £100.
VOL. XLII.—NO CXXXVII. IK
130 Wiltshire books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Tetburyand Malmesbury, Annual Meeting of Bristol
and Gloucestershire Archzologioal Society at,
July 18th, 19th, and 20th, 1922. Programme.
8vo, pp. 31. . Malmesbury, Charlton House, Lacock, Avebury,
Cricklade, and Inglesham are the Wiltshire places visited, on which
there are notes, with the following illustrations :—Malmesbury Abbey,
interior, 8. side of Nave, and folding Plan; Lacock, Tithe Barn, Abbey
Cloisters, and folding Plan; Avebury Stones, Restored Plan of Circles,
and Manor House, South Front; Cricklade Cross ; Inglesham Church,
interior (all good except the last).
Hedge-side Chance-Blades (gathered in Wiltshire),
by M. K. Swayne Edwards. A series of thirteen articles in
the Wiltshire Gazette, May 25th; June Ist, 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29th; July
6th, 13th, 20th, 27th; Aug. 3rd, 24th, 31st.
The writer, staying apparently at or near Pickwick, and afterwards in
the Salisbury country, explores the neighbourhood on her bicycle and
jots down impressions of trees, flowers, skies, views, Churches, houses,
and barns. Corsham, Box, Chippenham, Castle Combe, Yatton Keynell,
Kington St. Michael, Malmesbury, Edington, Salisbury Plain, The
Wylye Valley, Berwick St. James, and Salisbury Cathedral are touched
on.
She has a real love of Wiltshire, its lanes and its downs, and shows
it as a pleasant country to wander in.
Wesley in Wiltshire. Address by Rev. F. Senior, Circuit Minister, |
at Devizes. Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 6th, 1921, 14 cols. Givessome |
account of Wesley’s preaching at Bradford, Melksham, and Devizes,
and of the history of Seend Wesleyan Chapel.
Wiltshire Ministers, 1818—19. Notes on various Non-
conformist Ministers of this period are printed in Waltshire Times,
June 10th, 1922, including more especially the Rev. Adam Stumphousen,
of Clack, and the Rev. Edward Spencer, Rector of Wingfield.
An Old Wiltshire Tale. An Orchard and a Brook. |
A Story of Southwick Court. By F.U.G. in Wiltshire
Times. Has some local colour and decent dialect.
Wiltshire Dialect. Translations into Wiltshire Dialect, from the |
Satires, Odes, and Epistles of Horace, by F. M. Willis, appeared in |
The Oxford Magazine, Nov. 10th, 1921; Feb. 9th, March 9th, May |
11th, and June 22nd, 1922.
The Early Years of Stage Coaching on the Bath |
Road. By W.A. Webb, Wiltshire Gazette, June 23rd, 1921. *
Stage coaches to Salisbury, and to Bath and Bristol, starting from |
the George Inn, Holborn, and from the George Inn, Aldersgate Street, ||
are advertised in the London newspapers of April and May, 1658. The |
,
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 131
coaches for Bath and Bristol leave every Monday and Thursday, fare
20/-. ‘The route was at first va Shepherds’ Shore, Sandy Lane (where
travellers halted for a meal), Lacock, and Corsham, In 1667 Flying
Machines from the Belle Savage, Ludgate Hill, to the White Lion,
Bath, are announced, the journey occupying three days. In 1681 De
Laune’s List of Stage Coaches mentions five different coaches running
from London to Bath, generally twice a week, in addition to the carrier ;
while the edition of 1690 (“Present State of London”) mentions
Wagons for Devizes and Chippenham respectively. ‘A step to the
- Bath,” by Ned Ward, car. 1700, gives a burlesque description of a stage
coach journey to Bath va Sandy Lane. List of coaches from contem-
porary publications are given for 1717, 1722, 1724, and onwards to
1750. Apparently the coaches were diverted from the Shepherds’ Shore
and Sandy Lane route about 1746. A very-useful article, to which are
added some notes as to the names and numbers of coaches running
through Marlborough in 1828 and later.
Old Wiltshire Roads. The Wiltshire Gazette, July 28th, Sept.
8th, and 28th, contains letters on this subject from Mr. Ed. Kite, Mr.
O. G. S. Crawford, and the Rev. A. C. Holden. The old disused road
from Shepherds’ Shore crossing Roundway Down to Netherstreet and
thence by Sandy Lane, Lacock, and Corsham to Bath and Bristol was
the London-to- Bath Road followed by the stage coaches down to the
middle of the 18th century, though the carriers and horsemen always
went by Cherhill and Calne. The Netherstreet road was disused after
the passing of the acts “for repairing the highways bet ween Shepherds’
Shord and the Devizes” about that time. Mr. Kite, however, quotes
several bequests of the 14th and 15th century for the repair of the
Chippenham, Calne, and Cherhill road, which was the main road from
London to Bristol during the middle ages. Mr. Crawford traces the
course of the old road: ‘South of the Church at Sandy Lane the old
road passed through the grounds of Wans House, where it may still
be seen as a broad hollow lane, grass grown, with old trees still grow-
ing by its side. This bit of old road, half-a-mile long, passed to the
east of the modern road, which joins it again at the cross roads at the
southern corner of the park. From here to a point south of St. Edith’s
Marsh and the third milestone from Devizes, the modern road probably
_ follows the same course as the ancient; but at the north point of the
park of Rowdeford House, where the modern road swerves to the S.E,
round the park to Rowde, the old road followed the footpath which
now survives as a short cut.
{Woodford |. An article in Country Life, Aug. 12th, 1922. “ Trout
Fishing with Nymphs,” by ‘George Southcote” [Major-Gen. Sir
George Aston, K.C.B.] describes the fishing from the garden of Court
House, Woodford, though the locality is not named.
Mostly about Trout. By Sir George Aston (George Southcote),
London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., Ruskin House, 40, Museum
Street, W.C. 1 [1921].
132
Catalogue of Important Works of Art, including
Valley.”
Catalogue of Armour from Wilton House, includia
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Cloth, demy 8vo, 8in. X 5in., pp. 223. Many of these articles are
reprinted from Cornhill Mag., Nineteenth Century, Country Ife, Pall
Mall Gazette, John O' London’s Weekly, The Englishman, and The —
LInverpool Courter.
“ February Fill Dyke,” “ A Wiltshire Water Meadow,” “The First
Dry Fly Day,” ‘“‘A Week-end in Wiltshire,” ‘‘ A May Fly Day,” “A
Fisherman’s Fall,” are, though no names are mentioned, concerned
with fishing experiences on the Salisbury Avon in the Woodford
. . . the Historic Harness made by Jacob the
Armourer for Henry Herbert, second Earl of |
Pembroke. . . , sold by Sotheby ... 28rd |
June, 1921.
Royal 8vo, pp. 3 unpaged + 36. Eight fine ee plates of armour,
one folding.
“The collection of jarmour at Wilton House is not a product of
modern times, for none of its owners during the nineteenth century
was a selledton It was bought for use, during the sixteenth century |
and the first part of the seventeenth, and it has been preserved there |
ever since.” ‘‘ The collection contains some pieces of peculiar interest |
to experts.’ The curious suit (Lot 40) with arms composed of narrow |
metal slats set widely apart, between which the wearer’s coat sleeve |
was exposed, cannot easily be paralleled. . . . More important is
the fine suit with extra pieces and equestrian armour (Lot 117); the
anime, or splinted breastplate, is a rare type, as Mr. Kelly has shown:
in his article in The Burlington Magazne (Jan., 1919), while it is sel- |
dom indeed that so fine a suit of armour for man and horse is found so_|
nearly complete. But without doubt the chief attraction of the |
Catalogue is the suit made by Jacob the Armourer for Henry Herbert, |
second Earl] of Pembroke, and it is no exaggeration to claim that for
English and American collectors this suit may take rank with the most
important in existence.” . . . ‘This famous suit (Lot 118) sold for |
£25,000, it is beautifully illustrated by four fine photographic plates, |
as well as a plate of the drawing of the suit which occurs in the album |
of its maker, Jacob the Armourer, now in the Victoria and Albert
Museum. There is also a plate (folding) of the equestrian armour, |
and two other plates. Tha total realised by the sale was £35,920 5s. |
A beautiful catalogue, with very full descriptions of the different |
pieces.
Armour and Weapons, the property of the Earl |
of Pembroke and Montgomery. . . . Sotheby, |
Wilkinson, & Hodge. . . March 3rd, 1922
Royal 8vo. The Pembroke portion consists of 57 lots of armour, the }
game as that offered for sale in 1921 which did not then reach the re- |
serve price. pp 3—10.
.
|
|
Additions to Museum and Library. 133
[Wilton Armour.| Two Historic Armour Sales. By
Charles ffoulkes (with Breadalbane Collection).
Burlington Mag.,
July, 1917. pp. 38—42. 1 plate.
| Wilton House Drawings.| Accessions from the
Wilton House Sale. By E. H. R., Museum of Fine Arts
Bulletin [U.S.A.], Dec., 1917. pp. 73—75. 4 figs.
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum.
fepesenited by Dr. Ciay: Roman bronze spring brooch, from Stockton
Works.
” », Capt. CUNNINGTON: Pair of pattens, candle guard, gaufering
irons, curious padlock.
ys », H.M. Prison Commissioners: Old clock from Devizes Prison.
; » Con. J. A. SoutHey :: Earthenware vessel from Bishopstrow.
” » Mr. E. C. Garpner: Iron “ Barley Chumper,” from Beck-
hampton Farm, used until 1890 for getting rid of the awns
from hand-threshed barley.
i, » [HE EXECUTORS OF THE LATE H. E. Mepuicott: Wiltshire
specimens of Stone Curlew and Merlin. Ancient stone
mortar.
bi » Messrs. W. E. Free & Sons: Cinerary Bronze Age urn
found at Knowle Gravel Pit, 1922.
hi » Capt. JAMES SADLER: Officer’s uniform of Wilts Yeomanry
: of fifty years ago, and case specially made to exhibit it.
F » Rev. J. W. R. BRocKLEBANK: Flint scrapers.
Fi » Rev. 8S. Frrman: A medizval copper cross, 143in. long
found many years ago near the Church at Cherhill.
Library.
| ae «oy THe Executors oF THE LATE H. E. MrEpLicort, in accord-
ance with his wishes: ‘* The Autobiography of As
Methuen, Rector of All Cannings.” “In a Wiltshire
Valley.” Isaac Taylor’s “‘ Words and Places.” “The Life
of the Fields,” by R. Jefferies. “ Catalogue of the Library
| at Erlestoke Park,” privately printed. “ Ornithological
Dictionary of British Birds,’ by Geo. Montagu, 1802.
‘““Paterson’s Roads,” 1822. Wilts Constabulary, Standing
| Orders. “ Potterne,” Canon Jones’ History, with many
additions and MS. notes by H. E. Medlicott. MS. notes
on Alton Barnes and Potterne by Canon W.H. Jones. A
! large number of Wiltshire pamphlets, prints, cuttings,
|
catalogues, &c., &c. Poems by H. A. Methuen.
134 Additions to Museum and Library.
Presented by THE Marquis or Lanspowne: A large collection of original |
deeds and documents relating to the Manor of Calne and |
Calstone or the “ Hundred of Calne,” with Court Books |
from cir. 1650-
* » Mr. H. W. Darrnett: “ The House that Baby built,” by |
Rev. H. W. Pullen. 1874. Illustrations and cuttings. |
Elias de Derham, by W. Done Bushell. Wilts Pamphlets. |
re » HE Autor, Mrs. M. E. Cunnineton : “ Notes on Objects |
from an ‘Talbentied Site on the Worms Head, Glamorgan.” |
1920. “A Village Site of the Hallstatt Period ie Wiltshire.” |
1922. “A Note on some Brooches from Wiltshire. 1921, |
y » THE AuTHOR, THE Rev. H. G. O. Kenpati: “ Eoliths, |
their Origin and Age.” 1921. |
is » [HE AutHor, Mr. F. M. Witxts: Satires of Horace in the}
Wiltshire Dialect, from the Oxford Magazine. |
” » HE AvutTHorR, Mr. J. Lez Ossorn: ‘“ Chippenham an |
Ancient Saxon Town, its surroundings and Associations.” z
1921.
THe AutHor, Mr. W. WuiraKker: “ List of Works on the| |
Geology, Mimeuaioss and Paleontology of the Hampshire
Basin.” 1878. |
i » Mr. J. Warson Taytor: Sketch by Canon Jackson of the |
incised “inscription” at Stonehenge. |
4 » THe AutHor, Rev. H. C. Brooks: “ Church of All Saints, |
at Westbury under the Plain.” 1921. |
a » HE AUTHOR, Mrs. ATKINSON WARD, of Bradford-on- -Avon:|
“ Fay Tacha an five vols. of her wonee |
i » Mr. A. Scwompure: An accurate typed copy of the ve q
99 29
Churche.” Five Wiltshire pamphlets. |
oe » THE PUBLISHER, MR. R. Scott: ‘“ Wanderings in Wess |
1922. | =|
ps » Viscount Lone of WRAXALL: ‘A Memoir of Brigadier-
circulation.” 1921. |
“0 » THe AutHor, Miss F. E. Baker: Testing Paint and|
Pigments for Colour Permanence, from Proceedings of the)
Paint and Varnish Society, 1920—2). |
Pe » THE AutuHor, Mr. HE. H. Srone: The series of articles from)
the Wiltshire Gazette on “‘ The Age of Stonehenge deduced)
from Archeological considerations.” Mounted i in volume,
its axis.” Nuneteenth Century, Jam, TOD. te Stoneliemtel
Notes on the Midsummer Sunrise.” Man, Aug., 1922. |
93 » REV. CHANCELLOR WoRDSWORTH : “ Proceedings at the
“A List showing the order of the Canons’ Stalls i in 4
Choir.”
a
Additions to Museum and Library. 135
Presented by Tue Autnuor, Mr. A. D. Passmore, F.R.A.T. : “ Hammer-
stones’ [1920]. Typed report of Devil’s Den, with plan.
and many photos of the work in progress. 4to. “The
Avebury Ditch.” Reprinted from 7he Antiquartes’ Journal,
1922. Many photographs of Wiltshire antiquities.
sn » Rev. E. H. Gopparp: Wilts pamphlets, cuttings, illus-
trations, &c. Salisbury Diocesan Gazette. Salisbury
Diocesan Year Book. Sarum Almanack. ‘“ Ancient
Highways and Tracks of Wiltshire, &c.,” by G. B. Grundy.
4 » Mr. Drxon: Old Wilts Deed, with Great Seal.
» Mr. J. J. Stade: 24 Wilts Sale Catalogues. Drawing of
head of effigy found at Monkton Farleigh. Lord Sidmouth,
Life and Times, from Blackwood’s Mag., 1847.
is » Mr. A. W. Marks: 15 old Wilts Deeds.
3 » THe AutHor, Mr. Maurice HEwtett: “ Wiltshire Essays.”
1929.
- » JHE Maker, THe Rev. H. Nevitte Hurcurnson: Two
Photos of a Model of Stonehenge restored, scale j}9, now
in use at the British Museum.
55 » Capt. Bb. H. CunnINGTON: Devizes Almanack. Sketches
done for charity by Charlesana Postuma Penruddocke.
Official Guide to Devizes. Wilts Pamphlets. 3 Vols.
Surtees Society “The Family Memoirs of the Rev.
William Stukeley, &c.”
;, » Mr. F. Stevens, F.8.A.: Annual Report of the Salisbury
Museum, 1921—22.
. ,» tHE AutTHor, Mr. H. C. Brentnauy: ‘“ Lucy’s Official
Borough Guide to Marlborough,” 1922.
a » CHE CoRPORATION OF SWINDON : ‘‘Swindon’s War Record.”
4to. 1922.
3 » HE AuTHOR, Mr. H. St. Gkorck Gray: Report on the
Avebury Excavations, 1922.
,, » Rev. C. V. Gopparp: Salisbury Journal.
» » CANon KNuBLey.: Two Wiltshire Photograph Groups.
_ » Mr. W. HeEwarp BELL: Recent numbers of the Geological
Journal.
i » tHE AuTHoR, Mr. ALFRED WILLIAMS: ‘‘ Round about the
Upper Thames.” 1922.
eo)
Ae)
S|
Gg 19 ee puny ue sj1aeq jo eouereg “
€ 6LF Sgt Sap qse1ojJUT 3904S IVAA pue yueg “
8 0 F ee SuljoW [enuuy Jo spesooig “
0 0 GI oy are “* puny soueuey
-Ure]y Whosny_ WorJ pepunjos uvoT “
6 8 G Guo ece eee SOOT 6 6G
Q GT ec: * « SMOLIVG
S}I pue esueyoucnjg,, ssuoq “%
0 FIT fs oS « SHIM JO
| S}ULT SUIIOMO]Y ,, SUOjserq “* oe
oT : = BAOQUICIN Ogee a
AION te AVIQnyY ,, S, UOszoVe Jo o[eg “
Guacealic SOUIZLSVI JO E[eG JOJ padtooal ysen “
6 V €06 ae
le puny drysieq ute jy ojr'] woIj Jojsueay, “
9 LI S61
Oy a yh eee eo ese: " gouRleg 66 a
OL Gl 61 ‘“UOISsIUIUIOZ pus Aieleg s Areyolo0g [eIouvuly “ @. Al 9161 “ U.qng jo soured
EG GO! Se 9 Ol oe AOL 5 [
€ 8 GI ‘Om ‘1ayeM ‘YOO ‘sey 0 Per -- oie, & ‘6 “
8 I 2% < quepue} Vy 9) 6lcGhe | EOIG I: = g
—:sosuodxy wmnosnyy “ O48 PEO VAG bares $s FI
8 9 961 LE ee (@) GI Z9OL eee 1Z6L 66 ce ole
GG V6 — oe Gels ON OP -#F * BZ61 JOJ suorydiqosqng g
econ ois - DeT ON 9.9, ieee “* soo SOURIZUT ge
—! SOUIZeSe | 1OJ ‘Oy ‘SulAviouy ‘suljutig “ —? ‘Z1A ‘Ievof 0} SUTINP SiequIa TY
To 210 ese vee wee AIOUOIgRIG pues SulyutIg ss WOdT Ppoeateded suOT}dIIosqng
ZG 6 ‘ sesuedxy snoourijeostjy pur ‘eseiaey [enuuy pus soaqy couvijuy ‘qseD Oo],
‘eseysog surpnjout ‘syuewtAed Aspuns ‘yseg Aq ‘OTLdI HO ‘ISLE ‘0a
‘qS1E "90 Z 91 88 qUNODOe 4SV] UOJ JYSNOIG oouRTeg -4sy ‘URL
Pie Sg. ‘SINHWHSY NESTA ‘1661 ee tics oe Se “1361
“tO ‘“LNNODDVY TWAHANayD “Ig
“IZ6I wax OY} IO} syunooy
‘ALHIOOS AYOLSIH IVYNLVN ANV “TVOIDOTOHHOUV AYIHSLTIIA
137
Il @ OF
G6 61 6I
6 € GP
0202 Sia
Oe Sees ee ae
Omg
9 9
4 GL@
o> 1h
0 OLP
Se te
9 II 9
On To
O GF i
0 OT t
9 GIG
G9 ol
G LLE
L 7?
8 LIE
eB FP. SF
Fr)
eourregq ‘
eee
predoi puny [e1ouey wor uvoT “
ood qdteoet]
"* yoog enbayy
Jo 4800 Jo uotysodo1g
winoesn yy ye sosuedxy
‘op ‘op s,dekojduy
WINTWoIg 9dURINSUT O11
uInesn]{ UOXBT, puvy » Aqnq ssnoy
—: sasuadug hupuny **
Ayato0g jeorydeisoquowleg 0} ‘qua
(Oa ‘SqULIg JO onsoleyey 04 SUOTyIP
De suldé4 SEIDEN "N SII
Syood “layed “WY WY SSI
sdeu ‘Aoaing souvupig
—: hwwiqrvy puv wnasnyy 072 suouippyp “
Ajddns
JOyEM as SITedad ‘moqPW “M WLW
"1001 Sutaredad ‘8008 x Us|SVW “TT
“7 "Op ‘SoYses MOT ‘SU9A038 Vee
—: unasnyg 07 “oP ‘sunday Ky
"4818 0a]
SINAHWAVd ‘126
‘ENO FONVNELNIVA WOAASAM
Il @ GOFF
°*S
I
G
cI
6G
9I
Sa
puny aseyoing Wodj Jejsuviy, “
‘OM “SONSO[VILD JO a[Bg *
soxog Ul SUOIJEUO(] pus UNESN WY 07 SUOIssIUIpY ‘*
SUOIJdIIOSqng OF,
‘Sd THO mpolie, CXC
ees “> 4unoo0VY 4S¥] UWOIJ oOURTeG OF, “481 ‘URL
“IZ6I
“Ia
- +fiawqa.s0ag Jorouuny ‘swopipny 3 EON IO Ha WN Moe COOL TOWN Oi rt en oe
~ ‘NHMO aIAVG : WIAVM VS OD “yo91100 pUNo}J pus peypNyY — A
A OT @L--t #99 re esourjeg Aq ‘4ST¢ 90] FO Si or “- quNODY 4S¥] WOIJ 9OULTe” OF, ‘1 -uee
ps F “1261 ~ ip S33) 42 : “1G61
"I -GNogag INSHD JO NOWIS dOHSIa JO UALSIONZE "20
G GI SLF G Gl ELF .
ZG 5199) “+ yUBC] SSUTARG UT 90uRTeq * OES Tales pe qso1ojUyT yuBg ssuraeg “ "0% “AON
Grafh a qunoosoy [vleuey) 0} Yyuey-ouo0 Aq ‘Tg ‘eq Yrs SOC ee “ gunoooy 4Se[ WOJJ ooULTVG OF, “[ UBL
(RE Se ad) “1é61 Pp SF ‘TC6T
“tp ‘GNOZ dIHSUAaNan dAlt ‘aid
LG 089 4 & O8F
Lie Bs es * plos saqvoytq1eD
0 OLSL °° ons ras “g0unreg “ ‘TE ‘eq SSUIAVA IVA\ OMT, UO pondooe ysoroquT “ “SI “990
hee Ole ae aa ae we [ples On0r 328 “+ sqUI[y OLggtoweq Jo eteg “ “¢ [dy
SouvuoyUTeIY Wnesniy OF JoJsuBIy, AG “Bl 490 Ons -26he Ce "+ qunoooV JSP] WOI ooUR[eg OJ, “[ ‘Ues
GF “1661 Fee BS ti “1G61
fie RN tee ae Ne itn es oa, Ve 2 ae ere ee ee
“tp ‘GNA FSVHOGNd Woahasnw “tq
0 L199 FO 199
YER 0 (eee) Eres ** suIOOY SJoyejoieg joyuey “ ‘TE ‘eq
ep 9 ° es so “* gouvreg Aq ‘TE 99d ’ Orme "* qunoody 4SvI ULOIJ 9OUR[eG OF, “1 “UPL
‘pa ‘Te61 Resse ; 7 "1361
a a Na nnn a ee a
“t) ‘aNOZ LNSEWNESUVINE WOAISnIW rt “aq
139
vy LI 8s dD LI 8eFr
DN SR °° ice “qS1€ feqmaved, ed qe oouvleq
Wl ee ras SNOT’ A
Oval sic ar aASLEn A que ‘asnoyqoH “H “A ‘OS (eae a ie a ies PIs sjyorqdueg
Ol ol l eoe vee ece ° sede yy 6 ¢ Nh, ooo cece eo. eo "saa SAOJISI A
Oho 900 Pop ot 000 IOYLOIEH, 9 2108 °° "* OZ6I “ISTE Jeqq queg qe eourleg
[as Gi ‘AUN LIGNAd Xa AY Bee a? ‘Sd THOU a
eee Gee ss. Se oe Oe, 2 ee es ee eae
‘IZGL “ISLE Joquieoeq SuIpue 1veX oY} OF yUNODDV
“ap ‘'NUVaA AHLIL NOAV No aquoidvad "Ig
140
Any Member whose name or address is incorrectly printed in this List is
requested to communicate with the Financial Secretary.
WILTSHIRE
Archeological and Natural Pistory Society.
DECENIBER 1922.
Patron:
THe Most Hon. THz Marquis oF LANSDOWNE, K.G.
President :
W. HEWARD BELL, Esq., F.G.S8., F.S.A.
Vice-Presidents :
The Most Hon. the Marquis of The Right Rev. Bishop G. Forrest |
Bath Browne, F.S.A. |
Trustees : .
The Most Hon. The Marquis of The Right Hon. Lord Roundway |
Lansdowne, K.G. W.Heward Bell, Esq.,F.G.S.,F.S.A. |
The Most Hon. The Marquis of G. P. Fuller, Esq.
Bath 4 |
The Committee consists of the following Members, in addition to the
Honorary Officers of the Socvrety :
J. I. Bowes, Esq., Devizes A. D. Passmore, I'sq., Wood Street,
Mrs. B. H. Cunnington, Devizes Swindon |
O. G. 8. Crawford, Esq., Ordnance J. Sadler, Esq., 10, Woodville Road,
Survey, Southampton Kaling, London, W. 5
Canon E. P. Knubley, Steeple EK. H. Stone, Esq., Zhe Retreat, |
Ashton Vicarage, Trowbridge Devizes |
The Right Hon, The Earl of Kerry, G.S. A. Waylen, Esq., Zong Street, |
20, Mansfield Street, London, W.1 Devizes |
Hon. General Secretary and Librarian :
Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Pypard Vicarage, Swindon
Honorary Curator of the Museum, and Meeting Secretary :
B. H. Cunnington, Esq., F.S.A., (Scot.), Devizes
List of Members. 141
Honorary Local Secretarves :
Dr. R. C. Clay, Fovant Manor,
Salisbury
R. 8. Ferguson, Esq., Elm Grove,
Calne
John D. Crosfield, Esq., Durley
House, Savernake Forest, Marl-
borough [Corsham
F. H. Goldney, Esq., Beechfield,
Rev. H. E. Ketchley, Beddestone
Rectory, Chippenham
Rev. Canon F. H. Manley, Great
Somerford, Chippenham
Arthur Schomberg, Esq., Seend,
Melksham
Frank Stevens, Esq., F.S.A.,
The Museum, Salisbury
Hon. Treasurer :
The Right Hon. Lord Roundway, Roundway Park, Devizes
Honorary Auditors:
G.S. A. Waylen, Esq., Devizes
W. M. Hopkins, Esq., Devizes
Financial Secretary :
Mr. David Owen, F.C.A., Bank Chambers, Devizes
List oF Societies &c., in UNION WITH THE
Wiltshire Archzological and Natural History Society
For interchange of Publications, fc.
Society of Antiquaries of London.
Royal Archeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
British Archeological Association.
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Kent Archzological Society.
Somerset Archeological Society.
Essex Field Club.
Hampshire Field Club.
Bristol and Gloucestershire Archeological Society.
Herts Natural History Society and Field Club.
Powysland Club.
East Riding Antiquarian Society, Yorks.
East Herts Archeological Society.
Cotteswold Naturalists Field Club.
United States Geological Survey.
Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D.C., United States.
Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club.
Surrey Archeological Society.
Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society.
Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society.
142 Last of Members.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Life Members:
Antrobus, Lady, Shiremarks,
Capel, Surrey
Bath, The Most Hon. The Mar-
quis of, Longleat, Warminster
Crewe, The Most Hon.The Marquis
of, K.G., Crewe Hall, Crewe
Fitzmaurice, The Rt. Hon. Lord,
Leigh, Bradford-on-A von
Kidston, G., 19, St. James’ Square,
London, 8. W. 1
Lansdowne, The Most Hon. The
Marquis of, Bowood, Calne
Annual
a Court, Captain The Hon. Holmes,
R.N., Bishopstrow, Warminster
Adderley Library, Librarian of,
The College, Marlborough
Adye, Mrs. W. J. A., St. Mar-
garet’s, Bradford-on- Avon
Ailesbury, The Most Hon. The
Marquis of, Savernake Forest,
Marlborough
Antrobus, Sir Cosmo, Bart., Ames-
pe Abbey, Amesbury, Salis-
bur
Anos. The Rev. A., Neston Vicar-
age, Corsham
Arkell, Mrs., Redlands Court,
Highworth
Armin, F. G. H., 17, Market Place,
Devizes
Armour, G. Denholm, Corsham,
Wilts
Aston, Major-General Sir George,
K.C.B., Court House, Wood-
ford, Salisbury
Avebury, The Right Hon. Lord,
15, Lombard Street, London,
iOr3
Awdry, Mrs. C. S., Hitchambury,
Taplow
eae Major R. W., Little Chev-
erell, Devizes
Aylward, Percy D., Wilton, Salis-
bury
Baker, Miss F. E.,
Street, Salisbury
Baker, Kington, Crossways, Kes-
ton, Kent
Baker-Stallard- Penoyre, Mrs. a
Becketts House, Tinhead, West-
bury
91, Brown
Subscribers. :
Pembroke & Montgomery, The
Right Hon. The Earl of, Wilton
House, Salisbury
Penruddocke, C., Compton Park,
Salisbury
Radnor, The Right Hon. The Earl
of, Longford Castle, Salisbury
Walmesley, John, Lucknam, Chip-
penham
Wordsworth, Rev. Chancellor, St.
Nicholas’ Hospital, Salisbury
Barrett, W. H., 76, Marshfield |
Road, Chippenham :
Bath Corporation Library, Bath
Bell, W. Heward, F.GS., F.8.A,,
Cleeve House, Seend, Melksham.
ee Lt.-Col. W. C. - Heward, |
.A., M.P., Junior Carlton |
Gib. London
Bethell, S., West View, Quemer-
ford, Calne
Bird, "Herbert, Trowle Cottage, |
Trowbridg e |
Bird, W. R., “95, Goddard Avenue, |
<pincem |
Birmingham Free Libraries, Rat- |
cliffe Place, Birmingham
Blackmore, Dr. H. P. , Vale House, |
Salisbury
Blackwell, Miss A. E., Tyssul |
House, New Road, Llandilo, |
Carmarthenshire
Blease, H. F., Snellbrook, Staver-}
ton, Trowbridge |
Bodington, Ven. Archdeseom The
Vicarage, Calne
Bourne, Rev. Canon G. H., D.C.L.,|
St. Edmund’s College, Salisbury,
Bouverie, E. O. P., F.S.A., The}
Old House, Market Lavington, |
Wilts
Bouverie, Miss re, Pleydell, The}
Old House, Market Loving
Wilts |
Bowes, J. I., Devizes
Bowes, W. . B., Elham, Nr
Canterbury, Kent. :
Bown, W. L., Enderly, Clarendon,
Trowbridge
Bradford, Mites M. M., St. Amands|
Adderbury, Banbury, Oxon.
List of Members.
Brassey, Lt -Col. Edgar, Dauntsey
_ Park, Chippenham.
Brentnall, H. C., Granham West,
Marlborough
Briggs, Admiral Sir C.J., K.C.B.,
Biddestone, Chippenham
Bright, J. A., Christian Malford,
Chippenham :
Bright, Mrs. J. A., Christian Mal-
ford, Chippenham
Brocklebank, Rev. J. W. R., Long-
bridge Deverill, Warminster
Brooke, J. W., Rosslyn, Marl-
borough
Brooke, W. de Leighton, Sand-
field, Potterne, Devizes
Brooke, Mrs. de Leighton, Sand-
__ field, Potterne, Devizes
Bucknill, Mrs. L. M., Cricklade,
} Wilts
Burgess, Rev. C. F., Easton Grey
_ Vicarage, Malmesbury
| Bury, The Rev. Ernest, All Saints’
Vicarage, Branksome Park,
| Bournemouth
Bush, J. K., The Cabin, Melksham
Bush, T. S., 20, Camden Crescent,
_ Bath
Buxton, Gerard, J., Tockenham
| Manor, Swindon
Niland, Sir Vincent H. P., Wing-
|
|
i
field House, Trowbridge
Calderwood, J. L., Wroughton,
_ Swindon
Calley, Major-General T. C. P.,
| CB., M.V.O., Burderop Park,
| Swindon
(Calne Public Library, Calne, Wilts.
Canner, Rev. J. T., Chitterne
_ Vicarage, Codford, Wilts
Canning, Col. A., Restrop House,
| Purton, Wilts
Carter, C. C., The College, Marl-
, borough
Cary, Lt.-Commr. Henry, R.N.,
__ Newton House, Rowde, Devizes
Jattarns, R., Great Somerford,
A il Chippenham
' Uhicago University General Li-
| brary, per Messrs. B. F. Stevens
‘| & brown, 1, Trafalgar Square,
i W.C. 2
Uhivers, Giles, 9, York Terrace,
_ Devizes
Yhubb, Sir C. H. E., Bart., Silver-
lands, Chertsey
|
i |
|
|
!
i
143
Clapham, Capt. J. T., 3, Home-
field Road, WimbledonCommon,
London, 8.W., 19
Clarke, The Rev. A. H. T., The
Rectory, Devizes
Clarke, Rev. C. P. S., Donhead
St. Andrew Rectory, Salisbury
Clark- Maxwell, Rev. Preb. W. G.,
St. Leonard’s Rectory, Bridg-
north
Clay, Dr. R. C. C., Manor House,
Fovant, Salisbury
Clifton, The Rt. Rev. the Lord
Bishop of, St. Ambrose, Leigh
Woods, Bristol
Codrington, A. E. W., Manor
Cottage, Wroughton, Swindon
Codrington, Mrs. Edward, Manor
~ Cottage, Wroughton, Swindon
Codrington, Commander CU. A.,
R.N., Wroughton House, Swin-
don
Cole, Clem, Calne, Wilts
Cole, Dr. S. J., Campfield, Devizes
Colville, H. K., The Lodge, Hil-
marton, Calne
Congress, Library of, Washington,
D.C., U.S.A., per Messrs. kK. G.
Allen & Son, Ltd., 12 and
14, Grape Street, Shaftesbury
Avenue, London, W.C., 2.
Cook, A., Southcot Lodge, Pewsey,
Wilts
Cooke, W. L., Keevil, Trowbridge
Cooke, Mrs., Keevil, Trowbridge
Cooper, Mrs., King’s Legh, 191,
Willesden. Lane, Brondesbury,
N.W. 6. [ Devizes
Coward,Edward,Southgate House,
Coward, Mrs., Southgate House,
Devizes
Cowie, D. W. G., The Old Vicar-
age, Sutton Veny, Warminster
Cox, Alfred, 429, Strand, London,
W.C. 2.
Cox, E. Richardson, South Wrax-
all Manor, Bradford-on-Avon
Crawford, O. G. S., F.S.A., Ord-
nance Survey, Southampton
Crosfield, John D., Durley House,
Savernake Forest, Marlborough
Cunnington, B. H., F.S.A. (Scot.),
33, Long Street, Devizes
Cunnington, Mrs. B. H., 33, Long
Street, Devizes
Currie, Lady, Upham House, Ald-
bourne, Wilts
144 List of Members.
Curtis, Miss E. J., Havering
House, Milton, Marlborough
D’Almaine, H. G. W., F.S.A.,
Abingdon, Berks
Dartnell, H. W., ‘“ Abbotsfield,”
Park Lane, Salisbury
Davys, Rev. S. D. M., Urchfont
Vicarage, Devizes
Day, H., 57, Ashford Road,
Swindon
Dent, J. E., 22, Portway, War-
minster
Dixon, Robert, Pewsey, Wilts
Dunkin, The Rev. H., Patney
Rectory, Devizes
Dunne, A. M., The Highlands,
Calne
Dunsterville, Col. K. S., 12, Oak-
wood Court, Kensington, W. 14
Edwards, W. C., 8, Victoria Road,
Clapham Common, 8.W. 4
Engleheart, Rev. G. H., F.S.A.,
Dinton, Salisbury
Everett, C. R., The Hawthorns,
Market Lavington, Wilts
Ewart, W. H. Lee, Broadleas,
Devizes
Farquharson, Mrs.,Tilshead Lodge,
via Salisbury
Farrer, Percy, F.S.A., Westfield,
Mullen’s Pond, Andover, Hants
Fass, F. G., Broughton Gifford,
Melksham
Ferguson, R. 8., M.B., C.M., Elm
(Jrove, Calne
Finlay, The Hon. Wm., Fairway,
Great Bedwyn, Hungerford
Fletcher, Rev. Canon J. M. J., 25,
The Close, Salisbury
Float, Miss L. C., The Secondary
School, Devizes
Flower, C. T., 2, Lammas Park
Gardens, Ealing, London, W. 5
Fowle, Rev. J. S., Hardenhuish
Rectory, Chippenham
Fraser, J. Alex, Northcliffe, Tet-
bury Road, Malmesbury
Freeman, G. H., 9, Alexandra
Road, Kingston Hill, Surrey
Fuller, ©G. P.,; Neston. Park,
Corsham
Fuller, KR. F., Great Chalfield,
Melksham [ Devizes
Fuller, Rev. W., 14, Victoria Road,
Gardner, E.C., Lloyds Bank, Lt
(Capital & Counties Branch), -
Cheltenham :
Garnett, C., Greathouse, Chip
penham at
Gardner, Eric, F.S.A., ‘Patmore
House, Weybridge
George, Reuben, 132, Goddard
Avenue, Swindon i.
Gilbert, J. C. High Streeh
Sinden
Gladstone, John E., Bowden Park,
Chippenham
Glanely, The Right Hon. Lordi |
Lackham House, Lacock, Wilts |
Glanfield, Rev. Edgar, Imber :
Vicarage, Warminster bi
Goddard, Rev. E. H.,; Clyfie
Vicarage, Swindon
Goddard, Mrs. K. H., Clyffe View
arage, Swindon: |
Goddard, F. Pleydell, The Lawl
Swindon |
Godman, G. W., Wedhampton |
Cottage, Devizes
Godsal, W., Haynes Hall, Tay: i
ford, "Berks |
Godwin, Miss J. D., Moxhatiil tt
Bradford-on-Avon |
Goldney, F. H., Beechfield, Corsi)
sham, Wilts : {
Goldney, Sir Prior, Bart. , Derriads
Chippenham
Goldsbrough, Rev. Albert, Burley i
in- Wharfedale, Leeds A o
Goodchild, Rev. W., Berwick St U
John Rectory, Salisbury — im
Gore, C. H., F.G.8., 69, Eastcot F
Hill, Swindon
Gough, W., Nore Marsh, Wootto}
Bassett
Gowring, The Rev. E. A., Grittle
ton Rectory, Chippenham
G.W.R. Mechanics’ —_Institutd@i)
Swindon og
Greenstreet, The Rev. L. Wij,
Compton Bassett Rectory, Cally hy
Greville, The Hon. Louis, Heaj be
House, Woodford, Salisbury | i ;
Gundry, R S., C.B., Hillwort bs
Cottage, Devizes i ii)
Gwatkin, R. G., Manor Hougg),,
Potterne, Devizes | os
Gwillim, E. Ll, Marlborough |i
Hammond, L. O., Cricklade, Wi
Hankey, Basil, Manor Hou
=
;
4
l
uit
k
My
List of Members. 145
Stanton St. Quintin, Chippen-
am
Hankey, Lt.-Col. S., Greenways, |
Chippenham
Hansard, J. H., Stanbridge Earls,
Romsey, Hants
Harding, A., Little Chalfield
House, Melksham !
Harding, Miss W., Little Chalfield
House, Melksham
Harring, R. M., 22, Roundstone
Street, Trowbridge
Harris, Rev. C., Garsdon Rectory,
_ Malmesbury
Harrison, Rev. A. H., Lydiard
Tregoze Rectory, Swindon
Harrison, Mrs., Lydiard ‘T'regoze
Rectory, Swindon
Harrison, Rev. D. P., Lydiard
Millicent Rectory, Swindon
Harrison, Rev. BR. B., Purton,
Swindon
Hawley, Lieutenant-Col. Wm.,
_ F.S.A., Stonehenge, Amesbury,
Wilts
Head, A., 67, Goddard Avenue,
Swindon
-Heneage, Claud W., 5, Egerton
__ Mansions, London, 8.W. 3
/Herbert, Major The Hon. G.,
'_ Knoyle House, Salisbury
Heseltine, Lieut-Col., J. E. N.
| Heytesbury, Col. Lord, The Green
House, Crockerton, Warminster
Hewlett, Maurice, Old Rectory,
Broad Chalke, Salisbury
\Hoare, Sir Henry H. A., Bart.,
_ Stourhead, Bath
Hobhouse, Rt. Hon. Sir C. E. H.,
_ Bart., Monkton Farleigh, Brad-
_ ford-on-Avon
Holloway, Mrs., The Manor, West
| Lavington, Wilts
|Hookham, C., Furze Hill, Broad-
| way, Worcestershire
dookham, Mrs. F., Furze Hill,
Broadway, Worcestershire
Hope, Major Cecil A., The Dial
_ House, Lavington, Wilts
dopkins, W. M., Lloyds Bank,
| Ltd., Devizes
jJornby, C. H. St. John, Porch
| House, Potterne, Devizes
-\lowlden, H. Linley, Old Manor
| House, Freshford, Somerset
‘\ludson, Mrs. Gertrude, Park
| Lane, Salisbury
Slots XLIL—NO. CXXXvu.
|
—_— ~~ 7
La
:
Hurst, The Rev. R. C., The Vic-
arage, Corsham
lott, The Rev. Percy, Stanton
Fitzwarren Rectory, Highworth,
Wilts
Impey, Edward, The Manor,
Steeple Ashton, Trowbridge
Islington, The Right Hon. Lord,
Rushbrooke Hall, Bury St.
Edmunds, Suffolk
Jackson, J. T., Eastcroft House,
Devizes
James, Warwick, F.R.C.S., O.B.E.,
2, Park Crescent, Portland Place,
London, W. 1
Jenner, Lieut.-Col. L. C. D.,
C.M.G., D.S.0., The Manor
House, Avebury, Marlborough
John Rylands Library, Man-
chester
Johnson, Rev.- Beaumont, Sedge-
hill Vicarage, Shaftesbury
Johnson - Ferguson, Major A.,
Luckington Court, Chippenham
Jones, The Rev. EK Rhys, Ames-
bury Vicarage, Salisbury
Jones, Captain F., Seend, Melk-
_ sham
Jones, Rev. F. Meyrick, Mere,
Wilts
Jones, Walter H., M.A., Morgan
_ Hall, Fairford, Glos.
Jupe, Miss, The Old House, Mere,
Wilts
Keir, W. Ingram, F.R.C.S.E.,
Combe Down, Bath
Kelly, Col. C. R., Army and Navy
Club, Pall Mall, London, S.W. 1
Kerry, The Rt. Hon. The Earl of,
20, Mansfield Street, London,
W
oH
Ketchley, Rev. H. E., Biddestone
Rectory, Chippenham
Klein, W. G., 24, Belsize Park,
London, N.W. 3
Knight, C. M., 7, Marlborough
Buildings, Bath
Knubley, Rev. Canon E. P., The
Vicarage, Steeple Ashton, Trow-
bridge
Lake, Richard, Kestrels, Easter-
ton, Wilts
L
146 List of Members,
Lambert, Uvedale, F.R.Hist.8.,
South Park Farm, Bletchingley,
Surrey
Lansdown, C. M.,
Trowbridge
Lansdown, George, “ Sholebroke,”
Wingfield Road, Trowbridge
Latham, Miss, Bushton Manor,
Clyffe Pypard, Swindon
Laverton, W. H., Leighton, West-
bury
Lawrence, W. F., Cowesfield,
: Salisbury
Leaf, Meee Herbert, The Green,
Marlborough
Lethbridge, Rev. H. C. B., South-
broom Vicarage, Devizes
Lindsell, Mrs. M. E., Chiseldon
Camp, Wilts
Lister, E. C., Westwood Manor,
Bradford-on-Avon
Llewellyn, Lieut.-Col. Hoél, Chief
Constable’s Office, Devizes
Locket, J. Wood, Inglewood,
Melksham
Long, The Right Hon. Viscount,
Rood Ashton, Trowbridge
Long, Colonel William, Newton
House, Clevedon
Lott, Herbert C.,
Parade, Hastings
Lovat, Miss, Worton, Devizes
Luery, A. E., BSc. 20, Long
Street, Devizes
Major, Albany F., O.B.E., F.S.A.,
30, The Waldrons, Croydon
Manley, Rev. Canon F. H., Somer-
ford Magna Rectory, Chippen-
ham
Mann, W. J., Highfield, Trow-
bridge
Marlborough College Natural His-
tory Society, President of, The
College, Marlborough
Maskelyne, A. St. J. Story, Public
Record Office, Chancery Lane,
London, W.C, 2
Maskelyne, Mrs. Story, Basset
Down, Wroughton, Wilts
Masters, W. A. H., 42, Cricklade
Street, Swindon
Matcham, G. Eyre, Newhouse,
Salisbury
Maton, Eustace B., Coombe, En-
ford, Marlborough
Maton, Fred Stephen, High Trees,
* Montrose,”
10, Carlisle
Clapham Common, London,
Ke.
Maton, Leonard, 21,Cannon Street,
London, E.C. 4
McNiven, C. F.,
Marlborongh
Merriman, RK. W., Sempringham,
Marlborough |
Messenger, H., The Close Gate- |
house, Salisbury |
Methuen, Field Marshal Lord,
Corsham Court, Wilts
Miles, Miss C. F., 59, Egerton |
Gardens, London, 8S.W. 3
Milling, The Rev. M. J. T., The |
Vicarage, Ashton Keynes, Orick-
lade
Milman, Miss, Brownston House,
Devizes
Milman, Miss B. M., Brownston
House, Devizes
Mitchell, Miss EK. C., The Square,
Wilton, Salisbury
Money - Kyrle, Mrs., Whetham, |
Calne |
Morrin, The Rev.T., St. Aldhelm’s, |
Malmesbury
Morrison, Hugh, M.P., 9, Halkin |
Street, Belgrave Square, S.W. 1 |
Morse, W. E, The Croft, Swindon |
Moulton, John, The Hall, Brad- |
ford-on Avon |
Murray-Shirreff, Mrs. A., Whitley!
Brow, Melksham
Myers, Rev. Canon, The Close,
Salisbury |
Puckshipton,
Naish, Miss R. V., Wilton, Salis-
bury) i
Napier, Mrs. Charles, Chitterne
House, Codford, Wilts |
National Library of Wales, Abery-
stwyth
Neale, John Alex., D.C.L., 42
Half Moon ure Piccadilly)
London, |
Neeld, Lt.- Col Sir Audley D
Bart., C.B., Grittleton House
Chippenham |
Nelson, The Right Hon. Earl
Trafalgar, Salisbury
Newall, R. S., Fisherton de I
Mere House, Wylye, Wilts
Newberry Library, Chicago,U.S.A
per Messrs. B. F. Stevens 4
Brown, 4, ee Squart
London, W.C. 2
List of Members. 147
Newbolt, Sir H. J., Netherhamp-
ton House, Salisbury
New England Historic Genea-
logical Society, 9, Ashburton
Place, Boston, Mass., U.8S.A.,
per Messrs. Bb. F. Stevens &
Brown, 4, Trafalgar Patanes
London, W. C. 2
New York Public Library, per
Messrs. Bb. F. Stevens & Brown,
4, Trafalgar Square, London,
ime W.C. 2
Nicholson, Godfrey, Woodcott
_- House, Whitchurch, Hants
“Noel, Rev. Wyndham, Christ
Church Vicarage, Bradford-on-
Avon
Normanton, The Right Hon. The
Karl of, Somerley, Ringwood,
Hants
' Norwood, Cyril, D.Lit., The Col-
lege, Marlborough
Noyes, Miss Ella, Sutton Veny,
| Warminster
- Ordnance Survey, Director-Gen-
eral of, Southampton
Owen, David, Richmond House,
‘ Weston Park, Bath
‘Oxford Architectural and His-
| torical Society, Ashmolean Mu-
- seum, Beaumont Street, Oxford
hOricy, Selwyn, 75, Victoria Road,
London, W. 8
WPapst, H. A., The Orchards,
__ Rodbourne, Malmesbury
| Palmer, Brig.-Gen. G. LL, Berry-
| field, Bradford-on- -Avon
_ Parsons, R., Hunts Mill Farm
Wootton Bassett
‘Parr, Miss, Salthrop House,
Wroughton, Wilts
| Parr, Miss Bertha, Salthrop House
; _ Wroughton, Wilts
Passmore, A. D., Wood Street,
); Swindon
, Paterson, Rev. C. E., The Vicarage,
Malmesbury
j Payne, H. H., Wyndcross, West-
_ bourne Road, Trowbridge
Peake, H. J. K., Westbrook House,
t Newbury
| Pearson, ee Hdith A., Moxhams,
| Bradford-on- Avon
/ Penruddocke, Capt. George, Comp-
| ton Park, Salisbury
Perkins, Rev. Charles E., Little
Hinton Rectory, Swindon
Phillips, A. J., Victoria House,
Pewsey, Wilts
Phillips, Bertram, Dinton House,
Salisbury
Pile, 'T.. A. ee ., 15, Holland Villas
Road, West Kensington, London,
W. 14
Ponting, C. E., F.S.A., Lockeridge,
Upper Parkstone, Dorset
Powell, John U., Boreham, War-
minster
Preston, Sir W. R., M.P., Tetbury,
- Glos.
Pritchard, J... F-S:A., 22, St.
John’s Road, Clifton, Bristol
Public Record Office, per ‘The
Superintendent of Publications,
Book Dept., H.M. Stationery
Office, Princes Street, West-
minster, S.W. 1
Pugh, C. W., Hadleigh Cottage,
Devizes
Pullen, W., Goodrington House,
Westlecott Road, Swindon
Pye-Smith, E. F., The Close,
Salisbury
Radcliffe, His Honour Judge, The
' Rise, Headington Hill, Oxford
Rawlence, E. A., St. "Andrews,
Churchfields, Salisbury
Reading Public Library, Reading
Redfern, Rev. J. Lemon, Ashley
Rectory, Tetbury, Glos.
Reed, F. B., 50, Breakspears Road,
Brockley, London, S.E. 4
Rendell, Ethelbert, 29, St. John
Street, Devizes
Rendell, E. A., 29, St. John Street,
Devizes
Richards, Dr. W. K. A., Mill Vale
House, Bratton, Westbury
Richardson, A. P., Purton House,
Purton, Wilts
Richardson, Rev. A. T., Bradford-
on-Avon
Richardson, Mrs. H., Red House,
West Street, Wilton, Salisbury
Rison, RK. E., Airdrie, Crescent
Avenue, Binley Road, Stoke,
Coventry
Robbins, Rev. M., Holy Trinity
Vicarage, West End, Chobham
Roberts, The Rev. Dr. Page,
Shanklin, Isle of Wight
Te
148
Roemer, Major de, Lime Park,
Hurstmonceux, Sussex
Rogers, J. Smith, 44, Belle Vue
Road, Salisbury
Ross, Rev. Canon A. G. Gordon,
St. Mark’s Vicarage, Swindon
Roundway, Lord, Roundway Park,
Devizes
Rudman, Robert E. D., Chippen-
ham
Rumboll, C. F., M.D., Lowbourne
House, Melksham
Sadler, John, 10, Woodville Road,
Ealing, London, W. 5
Sadler, Mrs. Hayes, Norsbury,
Sutton Scotney, Hants |
Sainsbury, Herbert, Greystone
House, Devizes
Sainsbury, Mrs. Herbert, Grey-
stone House, Devizes
Salisbury, The Right Rev., The
Lord Bishop of, The Palace,
Salisbury
Salisbury Clerical Library, Church
House, Salisbury
Salisbury Public Library, Endless
~ Street, Salisbury
Sanders, Rev, Harry, The Avenue,
Trowbridge
Scarth, Leveson
Schomberg, Arthur, Seend, Melk-
sham
Scott, H. Dudley, Manningford
Manor, Marlborough
Selman, Mrs. . K,, Kington
Langley, Chippenham
Sibbald, J. G. E., Mount Pleasant,
Norton St. Philip, Bath
Simpson, A. B., Upper Lodge,
Fernhurst, Haslemere, Surrey
Simpson, Cecil, Cliftonville, The
Common, Sutton, Surrey
Simpson, George,Quorndon, Forest
Row, Sussex
Simpson, J. J., Osbourne House,
Cotham Park, Bristol
Skurray, E. C., West Lodge,
Swindon
Slade, J. J., Gazette Office, Devizes
Sladen, Rev. C. A., Alton Barnes,
Marlborough
Slow, Edward, Wilton, Wilts
Smith, R. M. Morgan, Manor
House, Seend, Melksham
Snailum, W. W., Wingfield Road,
Trowbridge
f
Inst of Members.
Soames, Rev. Gordon, Milden-
hall Rectory, Marlborough
Soul, John, Viney’s Cottage, Ames-
bury, Wilts
Spicer, Capt. J. E. P., Spye Park,
Chippenham
Steele, Lt.-Col., R.A.M.C., South-
Gate Lodge, Devizes
Stephens, Rev. Canon J. F. D.,
Wellesley Arms, Sutton Benger,
Chippenham
Stevens, Frank, F.S.A., Blackmore
Museum, Salisbury.
Stevenson, Brigadier-Gen. E. H.,
Worton Littlecourt, Potterne,
Wilts
Stone, E. H., The Retreat, Pot-
terne Road, Devizes
Stone, W. J. E. Warry, 72, Elm
Park Gardens, London, S.W. 10
Stote, Rev. A. W., Colehill Vicar- |
age, Wimborne
Sturton, Rev. J. A., Market
Lavington Vicarage, Devizes
Sumner, Heywood, Cuckoo’s, Hill,
Gorley, Fordingbridge, Hants
Sweetapple, The Rev. H. D. 5., |
1).D., The Vicarage, Box, Wilts |
[penham |
Talbot, Miss, Lacock Abbey, Chip- |
Talbot, The Venerable Archdeacon, |
103, Bath Road, Swindon
Tanner, Mres.,
bourne, Wilts |
Tatum, Edward J., 49, Canal, |
Salisbury |
Tayler, Mrs. M. C., The Abbey |
House, Bradford-on-Avon
Thornely, ‘Thomas
Elms, Nursteed, Devizes
Thompson, G. Malcolm, Kington
Kington St. Michael, |
Manor,
Chippenham
- Thompson, Mrs. Malcolm, Kington .
Kington St. Michael, |
Manor,
Chippenham
Timbrell, J. Neate, Bank Street, |
Melksham
Trenchard, J. Ashfordby, Northaw
Bar, |
Tupholme, Rev. W. S., Steeple |
Great Wood,
Middlesex
Potters
Langford Rectory, Salisbury
Uppsala University Library, The!”
Chief Librarian of, Uppsala,|
Sweden
Southlook, Ald- |
Heath, The
List of Members.
Usher, T. C., Sunny Croft, Trow-
bridge
Viney, Herbert, Maplecroft, Melk-
sham
Walker, Rev. F. G., Upton Lovell
Rectory, Bath
Walker, H. Secker, Fairfield,
Bradford-on-Avon
_ Walker, Kenneth, Teffont Manor,
Salisbury
Walrond, R. D., Aldbourne, Bram-
cote Road, ’ Putney, London,
| W. 1
_ Walsh, ane H., The Manor
House, Purton, Wilts
Walters, L. D’O., 5, Swan Walk,
Chelsea, London, 8. W. 3
Ward, J. E., Red Lodge, Purton,
|
Wilts
Warrender, Miss, Chesham, Bucks
Warrington, The Rt. Hon. Lord
Justice, 10 Montagu Square,
London, W 1
Waterlow, Mrs. H. M., Parsonage
House, Oare, Marlborough
Watson, Rev. A. J., Savernake
Vicarage, Marlborough
_Watson-Taylor, G., Urchfont Man-
or, Devizes
| Watson- Taylor, John, Wellington
|
| Waylen, G. 8. A., 41, Long Street,
| Devizes
Waylen, W. A., Littledean, Nowe
| ham, Glos.
Club, Grosvenor Place, London,
S.W.1
149
Webb, Mrs. Naesmyth, Bibury,
Branksome Park, Bournemouth
Weallens, Rev. R. S., Berwick
Bassett Vicarage, Swindon
Webb, W. A., 83, Argyle Road,
West Ealing, London, W. 13
Wells, Charles, F.J.I., 134, Crom-
well Road, Bristol
Westlake, Rev. R. L. A, Sutton
Benger Rectory, Chippenham
Weston, Lt-Col. R. 8S., Elmsgate,
Steeple Ashton, Trowbridge
Weston, Miss Gertrude, Elmsgate,
Steeple Ashton, Trowbridge
Weston, Miss Ellen, The Home
Farm, Stockton, Codford St.
Mary, Wilts
White, G. A. H., High Street,
Chippenham |
Whitehead, Arthur, 35, Canal,
Salisbury
Williams, Philip, Malt House,
West Woodhay, Newbury.
Williams—Freeman, Dr., Weyhill,
Andover
Woodward, C. H., Exchange Build-
ings, Devizes
Wrangham, Rev. Canon F., The
Vicarage, Highworth, Wilts
Wray, Rev. G. D., Long Newnton
Rectory, Tetbury, Glos.
Yale University Library, New
Haven, Conn. U-8.A.,_ per
Messrs. E. G. Allen & Son, Ltd.,
12 & 14, Grape Street, Shaftes-
bury Avenue, London, W.C. 2
‘fe H. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
ive
eS
‘
‘
n
=
\
‘
if
|
ri
= \
}
?
ra 4 ~
[
1 ; f
‘ | f
(
1
if
ny
) = i
aN
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS (Continued),
STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the —
Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. 6d. ‘This still remains the best and most
reliable account of Stonehenge and its Earthworks.
WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
_ AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
Canon J. Hi. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates.
Price £2 10s.
WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES IT. 8vo,
pp. vil. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. I., and ED. II. 8vo,
pp. xv., 505. In parts as issued. Price 138s,
DITTO. FROM THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six
parts as issued. Price 13s.
©
A BIBLIOGRAPHY oF tHe GREAT STONE MONUMENTS oF
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE anp AVEBURY, with other references,
by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No.89,Dec.,
1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s.6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books
| papers, &e., by 732 authors,
THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. An important work in 2 vols., 8vo,
_ pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many
|
Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
| printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
members £2.
Wanted No. 132 of the Wiltshire Arch. Magazine.
The Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, offers 6s.
each for copies of this number of the Magazine in good
condition,
BOOKBINDING.
Books carefully Bound to pattern.
Wilts Archeological Magazine bound to match previous volumes,
We have several back numbers to make up sets.
C. H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
North Wilts Museum an i
LIBRARY AT DEVIZES.”
In answer to the appeal made in 1905 annual subscriptions ~
‘varying from £2 to 5s. to the amount of about £30 a year for this
purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of
the Society and the fund thus set on foot has— enabled. the
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the ey and
Museum. 3 sy
It is very desirable that this fund Tread be raised to at least t
£50 a year, in order that the General Fund of the Society may
be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum, and
set free for the other purposes of the Society. al
Subscriptions of 5s. a year, or upwards, are asked for, and
should be sent either to Mr. D. Owen, Bank Chambers, Devizes
or Rev. E. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and then
to secure any 7
Objects of Antiquity, 4
AND
Natural History Specimens, ;
found in the County of Wilts and to forward them to the 1e
Hon. Curator, Mr. B. H. CUNNINGTON, Devizes. a
Modern Pamphlets, Sale Catalogues, rtiolll
Portraits, Illustrations from recent Magazines
or Papers bearing in any way on the County,
and Sale Particulars of Wiltshire Properties,
will be most gratefully received for the Library by the REY
i. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, Hon. Librarian.
a
Old Wiltshire Deeds.
The Society has in recent years received several large consign n
ments of old deeds and papers, no longer of legal value; trom
Solicitors who were clearing out the accumulation of years in
offices. The Committee asks all Wiltshire Solicitors in
circumstances to give the Society the opportunity of acquiring
deeds no longer needed rather than to sell thom elsewher
destroy them. They often contain matter of great value for
study of Place Names, Topography, and Genealogy.
_
C. He WOODWARD, MAOHINE PRINTER, DEVIZES,
No. CXXXVIIL “JUNE, 1923. Vou. XLII.
WILTSHIRE
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE,
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
POCmHEY FORMED IN. THAT COUNDY
AUD 1 Sib3
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this ‘* Magazine” are alone responsible for all
statements made therein],
DEVIZES :
PRINTED AND SOLD FOR THE SocrETy BY C. H. Woopwarp,
EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, STATION Roan.
ei Cen ase OU. Members, Gratis.
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols,
Vill, XV1, xxiv., and xxxil. The subsequent Volumes are
each indexed separately.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. Davin Owen, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.
The Annual Subscription to the Society is 10/6, iit an entrance
fee of 10/6. The Composition-for Life Membership is £10 10s.
The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “ The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear and the
Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
tary: the Rev. KE. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH |
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas |
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodecuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s. |
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 I1s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo.
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rey. T. A. Preston,M.A. Price to the
Public, 16s.; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price. |
CATALOGUE or tut STOURHEAD COLLECTION oF ANTIQUITIES |
IN THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or ANTIQUITIES in tox SOCIETY’S MUSEUM,
Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price 2s, |
CATALOGUE or tue SOCIETY’S LIBRARY ar toe MUSEUM, |
Price ls. APPENDIX No.L., II., and III., 3d. each. .
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Mars, In THE SOCIETY'S
LIBRARY at tot MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d. a
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS IN THE SOCIETY'S |
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tHe MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 5s.6d.and |
3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised). |
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices. ‘
ye z
————
WILTSHIRE
Archeological & Natural History
MAGAAINE.,
No. CXXXVIILI. - JUNE, 1923. VoL. XLII.
Contents. PAGE.
GREAT BEDWyN FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS: By Cecil
P. Hurst
Terra ere eS Stele aie aia ur elalaidld dichsibr Seles wlireiSiglajeisis'cied sic) ec weiecee's 151—166
Notes on WILTSHIRE CHURCHES: By Sir Stephen Glynne ... 167—214
REPoRT ON DIGGINGS IN SILBURY HILL, AUGUST, 1922: By
ore ver. Elinders Petrie, F.RS.........c..ccs.ccsssecsesseeees 215—218
SomE Notes on TROWBRIDGE PARISH REGISTERS: By the Rev.
A. W. Stote, M.A., Camb., F.S.G., Lond., sometime Vicar of
POM mlrimity. Crow brid ger... <.-......seecec<edouesessseene lessen tos 219—226
RomANo-BritisH VILLAGES ON Upavon AND RUSHALL Downs,
EPmomyarnn BY IT.-Cou. HAWLEY, F.S.A> ....00... 0......000s 227 —230
WittsHire NewsparpeRS—PAst AND PRESENT (Continued).
Part IV. Newspapers or Norra Witts. “THe WItt-
SHIRE INDEPENDENT”: By J. J. Slade
Ne MCSE CER cota 231—241
MTMMO TUTU PNA soo. ccc. 2o coc cw venibe (oapscedeeevosseecgtewoccserdecesceos 242 —245
ch s.300000000500 BOB EEE EIS aS itl ania rs en eC 245—253
MMMMETETMIATS TORY. NOTES 2.22. cccccecccccecsccevceeceveacses voveecuvecss 253—255
Birp Norss .. ‘ i ae cee tes 256
WILTSHIRE Booxs, Parganas, AND > ATMO, eas oe DO OTL
ADDITIONS TO Mimecmee AND LIBRARY . ae ee Ae FOS
AccouNTS oF THE SocIETY FOR THE loam: 1929 . Ko abSdoan Aah
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Plan of Silbury Hill to show Relation of Trenches [cut Aug.,
1922] to Fence Levels of Surface Contours— Levels of Un-
disturbed Chalk.. 215
Section of Silbury Hill to shove | rglegion of Dou, Turf Band,
ol Theale colle ocala secace tne Scanner eran ote eae 216
Bronze Age Cinerary Urn found at Knowle, Little Bedwyn. . 246
Cabalistic symbols inscribed on Spindle Whorl found in
meops@annines Churchyard =............c3c0.crevescecsec senses 247
Plan of Earthwork on Sugar Hill, Wanborough.................5 249
Devizes :—C. H. Woopwarp, Excuance Buitpines, Station Roan.
2
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
‘“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS. —Oovid.
———
No. OXXXVIII. JUNE, 1923. Vou. XLIL.
GREAT BEDWYN FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS.
By Crcrz P. Hurst.
The following paper includes flowers and ferns observed growing around
Great Bedwyn on the eastern border of Wiltshire and in recording them
the tenth edition of the London Catalogue has been used, the English
names being taken from Dr. Druce’s Flora of Berkshire. Rare and in-
teresting plants noticed are the creeping and rooting var. radicans of the
Lesser Spearwort (Ranunculus Flammula) occurring on the margin of
Bitham Pond, near the Column in Tottenham Park, the Downy-leaved
Rose, Rosa omissa, well distributed in hedgerows and copses in the district,
the Danewort (Sambucus Hbulus), a colony of which grows on the top of a
hedgebank in the village, the rare and beautiful Genteana germanica in a
chalkpit near Shalbourne, the curious variety of the Peppermint (Mentha
piperita) in a little bog on the edge of Bedwyn Brails, which has been
distributed through the Botanical Exchange Club, the Shoreweed ( Littorella
umflora), a very scarce Wiltshire flower, by a pool in Tottenham Park, the
two rare Helleborines, the Purple Helleborine( Helleborine violacea), growing
very sparingly in the woods, and the beautiful Marsh Helleborine (//.
palustris), found in a spongy bog near Webb’s Gully, the very local
Spiked Star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum pyrenaicum), in three copses near
Froxfield, the obscure little Needle-leaved Club Rush (£leocharis acicularis),
a local plant in the Kennet and Avon Canal and flowering at Crofton, the
large sedge, Carex helodes, five feet high in damp thickets in Foxbury Wood,
but much affected by the great drought of 1921, the fine woodland grass,
Calmagrostis epigeios, in a good station in Bedwyn Brails, the rare ferns,
the Scale Fern (Ceterach offictnarum), in the brickwork of one of the canai
bridges and on the Somerset Hospital at Froxfield, and the Moonwort Fern
(Botrychium Lunaria), on West Leas, near Burridge Heath, and also in the
Porest, and the beautiful emerald green var. capillare of the Wood Horsetail
(Hamsetum sylvaticum), growing in Wilton Brails. Noteworthy hybrids are
the gentian, Gentcana Amareila x G. germanica, (G.Pamplinii), the poplar,
Populus alba xX P. tremula (P.canescens),the rush, Juncus effusus X J. inflexus
(J. diffusus), and the sedge, Carex fulva X C. flava, var. minor, and three wil-
low hybrids (Salix alba x S. fragilis, S. cinerea X S. viminalis, and S. cinerea
x S. aurita), have also been detected. Interesting aliens are the fast
_ spreading Asiatic and North American weed, Matricaria suaveolens, which
} VOL. XLII—NO. CXXXVIII. M
152 Great Bedwyn Flowering Plants and Ferns.
has got a firm hold of Bedwyn during the last decade and has evidently
come to stay, and the widely diffused Crepzs taraxacifolza ; other noticeable
introduced species are the handsome orange hawkweed, Hieracium auran-
tiacum, well established in a field at Shalbourne Newtown, the Milk Thistle
(Silybum Marianum), growing wild in the master’s garden at Marlborough
College, Viola cornuta, a Pyreneean species occurring as a garden outcast in
a bed of nettles near St. Katharine’s Church in Savernake Forest, and
Potentilla norvegica, found on waste ground at Pewsey Station ; the latter
- species has recently appeared in 4 good many new English stations. The rare
tigwort, Scrophularia alata, extending for three miles along the Shalbourne,
Polygonum maculatum occurring as the grey-leaved var. encanum in a
cultivated field near Burridge Heath, and Hriophorum latifolium growing
in a bog near Webb’s Gully, appear to be new to Wiltshire ; and the hybrid
Scrophularia alata X S. aquatica, when first found in 1915, near Standen
Manor, was new to the British Islands. The pretty Meadow Cranesbill
(Geranium pratense), the beautiful Autumn Crocus (Colchicum officinale),
and the elegantSolomon’sSeal( Polygonatum mul tiflorum)occur plentifullyin
their seasons and are a great attraction to the countryside, while the hand-
some Broom Rape, Orobanche elatior, growing on Centaurea Scabiosa and
generally a rare species, is not uncommon. ‘The following albino forms are |
rare :—white-flowered Dog-Violet (Vzola canina) occurred in Savernake —
Forest, white-flowered Clustered Bellflower (Campanula glomerata), near |
Shalbourne, white-flowered Autumnal Gentian (Genteana Amarella), near
Botley Great Copse, white-flowered Field Gentian (G. campestris), —
near Folly Farm, white-flowered Viper’s Bugloss (Zchium vulgare), near
Bedwyn Brails, and white-flowered Lesser Rattle (Pedicularis sylvatica), in |
Foxbury Wood. I am much indebted to Lieut.-Col. Wolley Dod for his
valuable notes on our local roses; his statement that he has remarkably
few records from Wiltshire should induce naturalists to take up the county
rhodology ; he writes on this troublesome genus :—“‘ Very many forms have |
so distinct a facies that one is tempted to give new names, but if one is |
bound by description one must refer them to one or other of our existing |
names or create a whole host of new ones based on colour, habit, general |
appearance, a very natural arrangement but exceedingly difficult to deal |
with by description, so that one is driven to technical points which not 9
only overlap, but bring very different looking plants into association.” It )§
is fortunate that the pretty little Lady’s Tresses Orchid (Spiranthes |
autumnalis) still grows near the village, though its numbers seem to be |
decreasing. Definite records are given for the heath plants, the orchid, Orchis 9
ericetorum and the pondweed, Potamogeton poligonifolius, both rare in this
chalky country. Our scanty Chara flora consists of two species and a }
variety :—Chara vulgaris in the canal at Great Bedwyn, its var. papillata |
in abundance in a pond on the east side of Bedwyn Brails (it has since ¢
disappeared from this station) and C’. hispida in two pools near the village; |
and this district is little likely to produce many more of these rather obscure |
water-weeds, for most of the Characeae grow near the sea. The Kennet}
and Avon Canal runs through Great Bedwyn and divides North Wiltshire}
(vice-county 7), from South Wiltshire (vice-county 8). Although the
village is not more than two or three miles from the Berkshire boundary,)
MF
|
|
.
+|
| {Druce), with crimson hairs on the peduncles, are scattered sparingly in
by Cecil P. Hurst. | 158
‘I have included only flowers which grew within the county of Wilts. The
southern latitude of Great Bedwyn, about 514° N. lat., isindicated by the
occurrence of such plants as Cnvcus eriophorus, Gentiana germanica,
FHelleborine violacea, and Ornithogalum pyrenatcum, species which are,
_ generally speaking, restricted in their distribution to the south of England.
The district chiefly lies upon the Upper Chalk on which there are ex-
tensive outliers of Reading sands and London clay, and in addition there is
a little Pleistocene valley gravel and by the Bedwyn Stream, Holocene
_ alluvium. The Upper Greensand is exposed at Shalbourne in the Vale of
Ham and at Savernake in the Vale of Pewsey.
FLOWERING PLANTS.
Myosurus minimus (Linn.). Mouse-tail. A curious little plant which
_ has occurred on cultivated ground at Great Bedwyn; I have not seen it for
along time. It is found on the Upper Greensand of the Vale of Pewsey.
Ranunculus Droueti (F. Schultz). The late Rev. E. 8. Marshall referred
“a water crowfoot which grew in a dewpond near the summit of Milk Hill,
Alton Barnes, to a small-flowered form of this species—f&. Mlammula var.
yradicans (Nolte). Onthe muddy margin of Bitham Pond, near the Column
in Tottenham Park; plants from this locality were distributed through
the Botanical Exchange Club of the British Islands.—A. repens (Linn.).
Creeping Buttercup. A double-flowered form occurs.
FHelleborus fetidus (Linn.). Stinking Hellebore, Ten or twelve years
_ago this plant was naturalized in the Vicar’s Copse, at Great Bedwyn ; it
| now appears to be extinct.
Aquilegia vulgarts (Linn.) Columbine. Several plants in Chisbury
Wood; seemingly native.
Berberis vulgaris (Linn.). The Barberry). Ina hedge on the north-west
side of Bedwyn Brails; probably not indigenous.
Nympheza lutea (Linn.). Yellow Water Lily. Plentiful in the Kennet
and Avon Canal at Bedwyn.
Papaver Rheas (Linn.). Common Red Poppy. The type grew ina
cornfield near Bedwyn Brails, with pale maroon flowers and the vars.
strigosum (Boenn), with hairs on the peduncles adpressed, and Pryorz
the cornfields, but the latter is not nearly so well-marked as, say, in Hert-
| fordshire, where it was noticed by the late Mr. R. A. Pryor, whose name
was bestowed upon it by Dr. G. C. Druce, of Oxford.—P. dubiwm (Linn.).
| Long Smooth-headed Poppy. Occurs hence and there, as at foe foot of
Botley Down, where it grows with P. Argemone, but is not very common ;
in a few places, as by the side of the canal at Great Bedwyn, I have found
ja plant with the characters of P. dubiwm, but with yellow latex, and this
~|form is noticed in Dr. Druce’s “ Mlora of Berkshire”; I have not yet seen
‘the true P. Lecogit near Bedwyn, though this autumn (1922) I noticed a
plant near Shalbourne, which may turn out to be this species.—P. Argemone
I Linn.). A poppy iol has bristly seed vessels and which grew in a corn-
field on the east of Bedwyn Brails.
| Lumaria densiflora (D.C.). In a cultivated field near Folly Farm,
also near Shalbourne and between Froxfield and Ramsbury ; a fumitory
characterized by the large sepals.
mM 2
154 Great Bedwyn Flowering Plants and Ferns.
Radicula palustris(Moench). Yellow Cress. By water at Great Bedwyn
and in a damp place at Bagshot. i
Arabis hirsuta (Scop.). Hairy Tower Mustard. Near the canal-side at
Great Bedwyn. ;
Cardamine pratensis (Linn.). Cuckoo Flower. A double-flowered form
grew by the canal between Bedwyn and Crofton. ty
Erophila verna var. majuscula (Jord.). Whitlow Grass. On anthills ~
near Burridge Heath and very well-marked on a thatched roof at Oare; a
‘large branched condition.
Cochlearia Armoracia (Linn,). The Horse Radish is naturalized by the
side of a muddy ditch at Great Bedwyn.
Sisymbrium lhalianum (Gay). Thale Cress. Bank near Little Bedwyn ;
an uncommon species hereabouts.
Brassica arvensis (O. Kuntze). Charlock. The var. orientalis (Asch.), ~
which has bristly pods, is rather common in cultivated fields. .
Coronopus didymus (Sm.). Lesser Swine’s Cress. A casual plant |
occasionally growing on the canal wharf and on the railway bridges at Great ~
Bedwyn, probably brought up in ballast from the west by the canal boats; 7 |
still (Ist Dec., 1922) fruiting on the wharf. ;
Leyidium ruderale (Linn.). One casual plant some years ago at Bedwyn
Station. |
Raphanus Raphanistrum(Linn.). Wild Radish. The pale-flowered form}
with the petals white, or marked with lilac, is the more frequent plant ;
occasionally the yellow-flowered plant, var favum (Gray), occurs. |
Reseda luteola (inn.). Dyer’s Rocket, or Dyer’s Weed. On Merle
Down and one or two other localities ; a scarce plant in this district.
Viola canina (Linn.). The Dog Violet. The very rare white form alba
still occurs on sandy ground 1 in one place in Savernake Forest, but is getting |
very scarce ; the type is widely distributed on sandy soil. ;
Polygala calcarea (F. Schultz). Chalk Milkwort. A beautiful plant |
with flowers of an exquisite coerulean blue, which grows on Merle Down, |
almost within the precincts of the village. |
Saponaria officenalis (Linn.). Soapwort. Well established in a valley |
at Shalbourne. |
Silene latifolia (Rendell & Britten). Bladder Campion. The hairy form |
var. puberula (Jord.) of this common plant is by no means infrequent. a
S. Anglica (Linn.). Small Corn Catchfly. A few plants occurred in a/
cornfield east of Bedwyn Brails. |
Lychnis Flos-cuculc (Linn.). Ragged Robin. Plants with pure white |
flowers grew in a marsh between Burbage and Pewsey.
Hypericum Androsaemum (Linn.). Tutsan. Very rare: several plants}
were found in a larch plantation near Rhododendron Drive, Savernake/
Forest, in Sept., 1922; otherwise unknown in the district.—Z. perforatum!
var. angustifoliuum D.C. A narrow-leaved var. scattered in the woods.
Geranium pyrenaicum (Burm. fil.). Mountain Crane’s-bill. Native on}
the road between Great and Little Bedwyn. |
Erodium cicutarvum (L’ Herit.). Hemlock-leaved Crane’s-bill. Wel]
established on the sandy margin of a cornfield on the eastern ede@ 0}
Bedwyn Brails; it has grown here for some years, |
iby Cel Pavaunst. | 155
Genista tinctorza (Linn.). Dyer’s Green-Weed. Widely spread near
Great Bedwyn on the Tertiary outliers, but avoiding the chalk; very
_ plentiful in a valley near Gully Copse, also occurring in quantity on a
plateau of London clay near Foxbury Wood, near Chisbury, etc. ‘The
large golden sheets formed by this plant in the flowering season have a
magnificent effect.
Ulex nanus (Roth.). Dwarf Furze. The type grows near Folly Farm.
and very dwarf plants, only a few inches in height, were seen near Merle
_ Down; on the east side of Bedwyn Brails and especially near London Ride,
_Savernake Forest, where it is very characteristic, occurs a tall, erect,
_ strong spined form, which is the var. longispinus ; specimens were sent to
| Dr. G. C. Druce; this form is often mistaken for U. Galliz.
Trifolium pratense (Linn.). Red Clover. White flowers were noticed
among a cultivated crop near Bloxham Copse.—7’. filuforme (Linn.), Small
Trefoil. In fair quantity by the roadside, extending for some distance on
' Burridge Heath, also near Folly Farm, and near Bedwyn Brails; this
delicate little plant appears to have suffered from the great drought of
1921, for this year (1922) it had disappeared from these stations; it will
_ probably re-appear with the return of favourable conditions.
Vicia sylvatica (Linn.). Wood Vetch. Ina wood near Littlecote Park ;
a beautiful plant with white flowers delicately pencilled with blue.
Potentilla norvegica (Linn.). An alien which was noticed on waste
| ground at Pewsey Station in June, 1922.—P. sterdis (Garcke) Barren
‘Strawberry. Flowering in the brickwork of the sunken wall on the south
side of Tottenham House, Savernake Forest, on the 5th Feb., 1921, an
early date; it was seen in flower in a hedge-bank near Bedwyn on the 3rd
Dec., 1922.
‘| Agrimonia odorata (Mill.). Agrimony. Well-marked plants in Foxbury
Wood.
| Rosa leiostyla (Rip.). A fair number of bushes in one part of Chisbury
| Wood; Lt.-Col. Wolley Dod writes :—‘ Your rose comes under R. letostyla
'(Rip.), in spite of its white flowers. I do not place much count on the
colour of the flowers, which, like all characteristics of roses, is liable to
considerable variation.”—A. omissa (Déségl.) forma. Chisbury Wood, near
| Burridge Heath, near Wilton, Merle Down, in some quantity near East
| Grafton, near Stokke and at Burridge Heath; apparently well distributed,
| | it is by no means uncommon in woods and hedges near Great Bedwyn, and
‘it would be interesting to trace it into Berkshire ; this is the rose which
; has previously been recorded as &. tomentosa; Lieut.-Col. Wolley Dod
writes :—‘‘I think there is little doubt that your rose must go under an
‘aggregate omissa nearer the type than to any other form, though it has
t longer peduncles than the type usually has. I have not seen the type
further S.W. than Gloucestershire, though vars. Sherardz and submollis
-|reach Devon and Cornwall.” Near East Grafton and Wilton this rose
}grows on Upper Greensand, while on Merle Down and in Chisbury Wood
‘itis found on clay.—R. tomentosa var.scabriuscula (Baker), About specimens
from a bush on the northern edge of Bedwyn Brails, Lt.-Col. Wolley Dod
wrote :—“ I have little doubt that your plant isa form of R. scabriuscula, or
‘between that and fetida, not very typical of either; the sepals have all
156 Great Bedwyn Flowering Plants and Ferns.
fallen, which is normal for scabriuscula in October, but they would afford
corroborative evidence by their clothing and partly by their pinnation.”
About a shrub growing in Webb’s Gully, he wrote :—“ It is one of those
far too numerous intermediate forms between A. tomentosa var. scabriuscula
and var. fetida, but nearer the former, though the leaflets are somewhat
more pubescent than usual. They are hardly broad enough or glandular
enough for var. fetida,-and the styles are too hairy. ‘The two varieties
run into one another by!all their technical characters, as, indeed, do all
vars.of Rosa . . . I have no records of any of the Yomentosae from
Wilts, but that goes fortlittle or nothing, as my records for the whole county
are remarkably few. I donot think much of the turpentine smell attributed
to var. fetida. Most of the group have a more or less pronounced scent, _
especially if rubbed, but to me it is rather of sweet-briar or russet than of
turpentine.” About a plant from Wilton Brails, Lt.-Col. Wolley Dod
wrote :—‘‘ Your rose isfundoubtedly R. tomentosa var. scabriuscula, in which
as in all roses, you must expect a good deal of variation. Very few specimens
in my herbarium exactly-agree with others in the same cover, and some —
differ disconcertingly widely. Var. scabriusculais not far removed from
type tomentosa, in fact I don’t think we know exactly what type is. More
hairy styles, and leaflets, with,a tendency to shorter peduncles and somewhat
more persistent sepals, are'the leading features by which the true Zomentosae
differ from the Scabriusculae, and when these features become still more |
pronounced, we get into the Omissae, but no group of Rosa is absolutely |
distinct from its neighbours.” &. dumetorum (Thuill). Bushes of the —
Rosa canina group with the leaves pubescent only on the midrib and |
primary nerves beneath and coming under A. dumetorum forma trichoneura |
(Rip.). are common around Great Bedwyn and perhaps do not fall very far
below the type, R. canzna in numbers, but shrubs with the leaves hairy all
over [f&. dumetorum (Thuill.)] and bushes with the leaves with the lower
surfaces hairy all over but with the upper surfaces glabrous (A. dumetorum
forma urbica (Lém.)] are rare, and I have observed them in a few localities |
only. .
Crataegus oxycantha var. laciniata (Wallr.). A well-marked shrub of
this cut-leaved variety occurred in Bedwyn Brails. Z|
Saxtfraga tridactylites (Linn.). Rue-leaved Saxifrage. On a wall in |
Farm Lane, in the village ; very uncommon in this district.
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium (Linn.). Golden Saxifrage. In rivulets |
and wet places in woods on the Tertiary outliers, avoiding the chalk; |
Chisbury Wood, Webb’s Gully, Bedwyn Brails. |
Kabes nigrum (Linn.). Black Currant. Naturalized in Bedwyn Brails |
and in a swamp near Shalbourne. |
Sedum Telephium (Linn.). Orpine or Live Long. Not common; |
scattered plants at Bloxham Copse and Burridge Heath.
Sedum album (Linn.). White Stone-Crop. Naturalized on a garden |
wall in Farm Lane; in the British Isles it is supposed to be native only on |
the Malvern Hills and in Somerset. |
Peplis Portula(Linn.). Water Purslane. Rather common on the muddy |
margins of shallow pools ; seems to be increasing. eI
.. Epilobium tetragonum (Linn.). Square-stemmed Willow-herb. Not}
——-
By Cecil P. Hurst. — 157
uncommon in the woods; I have been unable to find ZL. obscurum, the
generally more frequent species.
Conium maculatum (Linn.). Hemlock. Very scarce; a casual plant
on Bedwyn Wharf this year (1922).
Sison Amomum (Linn.). Stone Parsley. In a hedge by the roadside
near Shalbourne Newtown.
Gnanthe fluviatilis (Coleman). Very plentiful in the canal at Bedwyn
and extending eastwards and westwards, but rarely flowering.
Heracleum Sphondylium var. angustifolium (Huds.). Cow Parsnip.
Well-marked plants of this var., which has narrow leaflets, were observed
in Tottenham Park.
Caucalis nodosa (Scop.). Knotted Parsley. Scarce; in a cultivated
field below Botley Down.
Sambucus Hbulus (Linn.). A colony of the rare Danewort, or Dwarf
Elder, is established on the top of a roadside bank in Brown’s Lane, in the
village; there is another good station on the east side of a copse near
Marten, and a former record exists for {.ittle Bedwyn, where I have not
seen it; this species is not a native of Britain, its occurrence in our country
is due to its former cultivation for medicinal uses; the plant has a purgative
action.
Galium erectum (Huds.). Upright Bedstraw. Among short grass near
Starveall Farm, Botley Down, about two and a half miles south of Great
Bedwyn, flowering towards the end of June; this species blooms about
three weeks earlier than the closely-allied G. Mollugo; the plants were
named by the late Rev. E. 8. Marshall.
Valeriana dioica (Linn.). Marsh Valerian. Common by the canal side
and in damp places in woods.
Solidago virgaurea (Linn.). Golden Rod. Very scarce; a few plants in
Cobham Frith and foxbury Wood.
Gnaphalium sylvaticum (Linn.). Heath Cudweed. In some quantity
in a heathy field between Burridge Heath and Shalbourne.
Matricaria inodora (Linn.). Scentless Feverfew. In flower near Burridge
Heath in February ; it probably bloomed all through the very mild winter,
1920—21.—MU. suaveolens (Buchenau). An Asiatic and North American
species which has spread extensively around Great Bedwyn during the last
ten years; its headquarters appear to be the Wharf, where it was probably
_ originally brought in ballast by the canal boats; it has already reached
Marlborough.
Senecio eructfolius (Linn.). Hoary Ragwort. Frequent on London Clay
around the village.
Arctium majus (Bernh.) Great Burdock. Very scarce; once near Brail
Cottages and on Furze Hill, near Hungerford.
Cnicus eriophorus (Roth.). Woolly-headed Thistle. In one locality near
Bedwyn Brails; a fair-sized colony, now nearly exterminated, spread in
three years froma single plant ; the handsomest and most stoutly-armed of
of our thistles, and, with the exception of some localities in Yorkshire, con-
fined in its distribution to the limestone districts of the south of England.
—C. pratensis (Willd.), Meadow Thistle. On dampish ground near Webb’s
Gully ; here the annual plant with sub-entire leaves and a single flower-head
158 Great Bedwyn Flowering Plants and Ferns.
occurs; the biennial or perennial form has often cut leaves and two or
three heads or flowers. .
Centaurea Scabiosa (Linn.). Greater Scabious. A white-flowered form
was noticed near Folly Farm, near Shalbourne, in Pewsey Vale, etc.
Picris hieracioides (Linn.).. Hawkweed Ox-tongue. Very local; near —
Burnt Mill Lock on the Canal, also near Froxfield, and in Wilton Brails. -
Crepis taraxacifolia (Thuill.). On Conyger Hill; near Little Bedwyn ;
railway cutting near Savernake Station (G.W.R.) ; a well-established plant
of rather recent introduction which appears to be spreading ; in the list of
Marlborough Flowers in the Marlborough College Nat. Hist. Soc. Report
for 1907 it is only recorded from Membury Camp, near Baydon, as the crow
flies, about seven miles from Great Bedwyn.
Hieracium aurantiacum (Linn.). Naturalized in a field at Shalbourne
Newtown.—H. Boreale (Fr.). Broad-leaved bushy Hawkweed. Not un-
common in woods and by roadsides, East Grafton, Stokke, etc.—H. umbel- |
datum (Linn.). Narrow-leaved bushy Hawkweed. A few plantsina wood |
near Burridge Heath.—H. sciaphilum (Uechtr.). Sparingly in Foxbury |
Wood, teste EK. S. Marshall. ,
Lactuca muralis (Gaertn.). Wall Lettuce. Ina beech coppice named |
““ Rivar Firs,” on the chalk escarpment near Rivar, Shalbourne. |
Campanula glomerata (Linn.). Clustered Bell-flower. With white |
flowers near Shalbourne.—C’. 7'racheliwm (Linn.). Nettle-leaved Bell-flower, |
In Foxbury Wood with white flowers. |
Legousia hybrida (Delarb.). Corn Campanula. Occasionally in corn |
fields near Bedwyn. | *
Primula vulgaris (Huds.). The hybrid with the Cowslip occurs, but is |
not common. Primrose flowers can be found all the year round in sheltered |
places in woods, this year (1922) they were noticed in November and |)
December in Bedwyn Brails. |
Anagallis tenella (Murr.). Bog Pimpernel. Plentiful in a small marsh |
near Webb’s Gully ; a delicate pretty little plant. |
Blackstonia perfoliata (Huds.). Yellow Centaury. There is a good | if
usual in the case of annuals, the quantity produced in each year varied
good deal, more being produced in tavourable seasons. I have known it
in the above locality for the last six years. |
Erythraea Centaurium (Pers.). Centaury. White-flowered Centaury)
is by no means uncommon on sandy ground in the woods surrounding Great}
Bedwyn.
Gentiana Amarella (Linn.). Autumnal Gentian. Various patches with)
white flowers on the downs below Botley Great Copse were seen in 1920.—
G. campestris (Linn.). Field Gentian. Among short grass near §
Katharine’s Church, in the Forest, near Cobham Frith, near Chisbuiny
Wood, near Burridge Heath, etc., ali distributed amongst short grass it)
heathy places near Great pode ; a white-flowered form, rare in the soutl|
of England, occurred near Folly Farm.—G@. germanica (Willd.). In an olf
chalk pit north of Shalbourne, where it hybridizes with G. Amarella [G
Pamplinit (Druce)]; the hybrid plants found here were named by Dr. G. (
Druce.
Ee ee ee ee a oe
j
i
|
|
|
By Cecil P. Hurst. 159
Menyanthes trifoliata (Linn.). Bogbean, or Marsh Buckbean. In a
spongy bog near Webb’s Gully ; also on very wet ground in Chisbury Wood.
Myosotis cespitosa (Sch.). Marshy ground near Burridge Heath.
Lithospermum officinale (Linn.). Gromwell. In Wilton Brails and
Chisbury Wood; not so common as ZL. arvense.
Echium vulgare (Linn.), Viper’s Bugloss. Very local; near Round
Copse and by a chalk-pit on the east side of Bedwyn Brails; at the latter
station the very rare white-flowered plant (f. alba) was observed.
Cuscuta Epithymum (Murr.). Lesser Dodder. Eastern side of Bedwyn
Brails, uncertain in its occurrence.
Hyoscyamus niger (Linn.). Henbane. In an old chalk-pit in Tottenham
Park and near Braydon Oak in Savernake Forest.
Linarva spuria (Miller). Round-leaved Toadflax. A pelorious form with
three, four, or five spurs to the corolla occurred on Conyger Hill in a
Pealfivated field ; I found eight or nine plants showing this curious deformity,
the typical “EL of course, has only one spur.
Scrophularva alata (Gil.). Extending for about three miles along the,
Shalbourne stream from its source in a swamp near Shalbourne to about
half-a-mile below Standen Manor, where it meets and hybridizes with S.
aquatica, the; Water Figwort ; De. G. C. Druce’s description of the hybrid
SS. aquatica X S. alata, which was new to the British Flora when it was
found in 1915, is as Follows :—“ Plant tall and luxuriant, of a less dark
green than aquatica, but slightly darker than alata, and somewhat less
_ translucent. ‘The leaves less acute than alata, crenate or crenate serrate,
with longer and more open crenations. Corolla greener than aquatica,
darker than alata, the staminode not entire, but slightly divided into two
obscure lobes. Capsule smaller than aquatica, less pointed, and usually
broader, often quite small and abortive. Some of ithe specimens were
“nearer to aquatica, others to alata, the leaves approaching in shape and
cutting to one or the other parent, with which they grew in tangled masses.’
'A Latin diagnosis was published in the Report of the Botanical Exchange
‘Club. Along the Shalbourne, Scrophularva alata grows in Wiltshire and
Berkshire, and very fine plants, over six feet high, occurred in the dense
| Bpilobium hirsutum swamp at the source of the stream, one specimen
exceeded seven feet; in this morass I noticed a plant of the Figwort
producing adventitious roots.
Huphrasia curta var. glabrescens (Wettst.). K yebright. Rather plentiful
on sandy ground in Tottenham Park ; the late Rev. E. S. Marshall referred
1
-|my plants to a small form of this ear
Pedicularis sylvatica (Linn.). Lesser Red Rattle. The rare white-
flowered form was noticed in Foxbury Wood in May, 1921.
Orobanche elatior (Sutt.) Broomrape. This handsome and generally
irare species is by no means infrequent in this neighbourhood ; plants have
‘occurred at Great Bedwyn, it grows by roadsides near Froxfield, and there
jis a fine station in a chalk-pit to the south of Chilton Foliat ; it is a very
|.
|
rare Berkshire flower.
| Lathraea Squamaria (Linn.). Toothwort. In hazel copses; not common,
‘Foxbury Wood (in profusion in one place), Horse Copse, Trinkledown
Copse, it occurred ina hazel hedge by the roadside near Froxfield ; parasitical
on the roots of hazel and other shrubs.
160 Great Bedwyn Flowering Plants and Ferns.
Verbena officinalis (Linn.). Vervain. A few plants at Shalbourne. 4
Mentha rotundifolia (Huds.). Round-leaved Mint. A good station for
this rare mint exists on a rubbish heap in the hedge opposite Sicily Cottages,
near Sadler’s Hill; it is presumably introduced here, though the
cottagers told me it was not grown in their gardens.— WM. piperita (Huds.),
Peppermint. Abundantly in.a little Juncus effusus marsh on the north-west
side of Bedwyn Brails; probably a denizen, for thirty or forty years
ago a cottage and garden stood about sixty yards away, though these
have long ago disappeared, and the mint probably escaped from the garden
and found its way to the bog ; the specimens had a strong odour of Spear-
mint (J. viridis), and were more hairy than the ordinary Peppermint, under
which they will be probably placed as a variety; this made them of some |
critical interest and this year (1922) specimens were distributed through
the Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles; they were strongly
infested by the parasitic fungus, Pucconia menthae.— WM. sateva var. paludosa
(Sole). On wet ground near Stype, the upper whorls are collected intoa
spike in this var. .
Calamintha Acinos (Clairv.). Basil Thyme. A few plants near Bedwyn
Brails ; more plentifully at the foot of the chalk escarpment near Starveall |
Farm. |
Scutellaria minor (Huds.). Lesser Skullcap. Not uncommon in damp —
places in woods on the Eocene outliers near the Bedwyns, avoiding the
chalk, Wilton Brails, Bedwyn Brails, Stype, etc. ; north of the canal I have
seen it in Haw Wood. ]
Stachys officinalis (Trev.). Betony. The white-flowered form is found |
near Bedwyn. |
Lamium Galeobdolon (Cr.). Yellow Archangel. The barren creeping |
stems of this plant occur in our woods in autumn and are very puzzling to |
beginners, in the absence of flowers.
Teucrium Scorodonia (Linn.). Wood Sage. A plant of the heath which |
avoids lime, so is very local near the Bedwyns ; it occurs very sparingly in |
Bedwyn Brails, in Webb’s Gully more pieoauaiits and grows in quantity in |
Birch Copse, Savernake Forest.
Ajuga reptans (Linn.). Bugle. White flowers are found occasionally in |
the woods. |
Inttorella uniflora (Asch.). Shoreweed. A calcifuge plant flowering in
August, which is very rare in calcareous Wiltshire ; it grows with Sphagnum |
moss on the muddy margins of a drinking pool for the deer in Tottenham |
Park ; this pool is well raised above the chalk on an outlier of Reading sands |
Chenopodium rubrum (Linn.). Red Goosefoot. Characteristic speci-|
mens at Wolfhall.
Polygonum lapathifolcum (Linn.). On drying mud in Tottenham Park;}
in some years this annual plant is very uncommon, it was so in 1921. PJ
maculatum var. incanum (Gren. et Godr.). Fairly frequent in a stubble)
field near Burridge Heath in 1921, but next year I was unable to find a!
plant ; Dr. G. C. Druce tells me Polygonum maculatum has hitherto been|
unrecorded for Wiltshire. P. amphibium (Linn.) ‘The var. coenosum|
(Koch) which is intermediate between the terrestrial and aquatic forms 0}
this species and has a decumbent stem, is plentiful near the stream aj
Shalbourne Mill. |
By Cecil P. Hurst. 161
Rumex pulcher (Linn.). The Fiddle Dock occurred in fair quantity
close to the Swings on Marlborough Common in 1922 and here it has been
known to grow for many years; there is a good station by Hopgrass Farm
near Hungerford, for this very local species.— FR. acutus (Linn.). A plan
which is a hybrid between R. obtusifolius and R. erispusand which grew in
a field on the south side of the London and Bath Road, near Knowle Farm.
Salix pentandra (Linn.), Bay-leaved Willow. Planted in a valley on
_ Upper Greensand, near Wilton Water. S. viridis(Fr.). A hybrid between
_ 8. alba and S. fragilis planted in the last mentioned valley; the plants
were named by Dr. G. C. Druce. S. aurita (Dwarf Sallow), x S. cenerea
(Sallow), (S. lutescens A. Kern.). A hybrid willow growing on Conyger
| Hill; the Rev. E. F. Linton, author of ‘ The British Willows,” wrote :—
| “The willow is very good S. aurita, x S. cinerea. The oblong-lanceolate
leaves and their clothing below showing cinerea and the stipules auricled
_ and pointed proving aurita plainly. It is the commoner hybrid of the
Capreae.”—S. aurita type occurson Conyger Hill, and also near Burridge
| Heath and in Foxbury Wood.—S. cinerea (Sallow), X S. vimenalis (Osier),
(S.Smethiana Willd.). A not infrequent hybrid by the canal and its water-
_ courses near Bedwyn. SS. repens (Linn.). Creeping Willow. An ericetal
shrub not uncommon on the Tertiary outliers; Wilton Brails, Bedwyn Brails,
| near Folly Farm, between Shalbourne Newtown, and Burridge Heath, etc.
- Populus tremula (Linn.) The Aspen. Not uncommon among trees on
/ the outskirts of woods; Chisbury Wood, Bedwyn Brails,;near Foxbury Wood.
_ Ihave not seen the White Poplar (P. alba) here, although it is recorded
' for Bedwyn.—P. nigra (Linn.). Black Poplar. In Foxbury Wood.—P.
| canescens (Sm.). Grey Poplar. A hybrid between P. alba and P. tremula ;
| near Burnt Mill Lock, on the canal, and a few trees on Burridge Heath,
| near Foxbury Wood.
Ceratophyllum demersum (Linn.). Hornwort. Abundant in the canal.
Neottia Nidus-avis (Rich.). Bird’s Nest Orchid. Copse near Ramsbury ;
Trinkle Down Copse, Froxfield.
| Spiranthesautumnalis(Rich.). Ladies’ Tresses Orchid. In fair quantity
_ butdecreasing,ina sloping rushy meadow,on clayey ground,near the northern
edge of Bedwyn Brails; an exceedingly pretty and graceful little plant,
| with honey-scented flowers. |
Helleborine latifolia (Druce). Broad-leaved Helleborine. A few plants
| near Baverstock’s Copse, Shalbourne, and several by Rhododendron Drive,
'in the Forest; a very local species.—Z. violacea (Druce). Purple Helle-
borine. Thinly scattered through the woods round Great Bedwyn ; it often
gets eaten down by rabbits before blooming; I found a fine flowering spike
in Foxbury Wood in August, 1920; this orchid used to grow well by the
_|roadside at Cobham Frith Wood, near the London and Bath Road, and,
from the stem and leaves being deeply tinged with dark violet, was known
locally as “ Black Hellebore,” but it has not appeared in this station for
several years, being, like many orchids, very uncertain in its occurrence;
‘plants were also found in a copse near London Kide, in the Forest.—
|Z, longifolia (R. & Br.). Marsh Helleborine. In a spongy bog on London
clay, between Folly Farm and Webb’s Gully, in fair quantity ; first noticed
by Dr. A. Adams, of Looe, Cornwall, in 1919; a rare and beautiful marsh
162 Great Bedwyn Flowering Plants and Ferns.
orchid flowering in July. It occurs in the above station with the extremely
rare Broad-leaved Cotton Sedge (Hriophorum latifolium), and it is note-
worthy that the association of these two rare plants is also found at Cothill
Bog, in Berkshire, a noted locality for scarce and interesting marsh flowers.
O. ericetorum (Linton). Heath Orchis. Well-marked plants in some
quantity on boggy ground near Stype Wood ; it also grows near Folly Farm
and north of the canal I have seen it near the top of Hatchet Lane, Great
Bedwyn; it differs from O. maculata in growing on marshy ground and | .
in flowering earlier, the leaves are narrower and the lower lip of the flower
much larger and broader, though its middle lobe is very short.
Habenaria viridis (Br.). Frog Orchis. In some quantity on the down
below Botley Great Copse.
Iris fetidissima. Stinking Iris, or Gladdon. A few plants in the wood
at the top of Hatchet Lane, but doubtfully native.
Galanthus nivalis (Linn.). Snowdrop. Naturalized near Ham and
Membury Camp.
Polygonatum multiflorum (All). Solomon’s Seal. Occurring in nearly
every wood and copse around Bedwyn; the frequency and wide
distribution of this graceful sylvestral species is a floral characteristic of the
district ; it is occasionally seen growing by the wayside where a road passes
through a wood.
Allium vineale (Linn.). Crow Garlic. Common on field borders but — |
always the var. compactum (Thuill), in which the flowers are replaced by
bulbils; I have not seen the type. —A. wrsinum (Linn.) Ramsons, I noticed
this species in a copse in Ham village, near Shalbourne. |
Ornthogalum umbellatum (Linn.). Star of Bethlehem. Fallow field,
probably a broken-up meadow, near Tidcombe, in some quantity in May,
1920; a naturalized species.—O. pyrenaicum (Linn.). Spiked Star of
Bethlehem. Jugg’s Wood, Trinkle Down Copse, Brief Copse, which are
three small woods between Oakhill, near Froxfield, and Stype Wood, in © |
which it also grows; one of the most local and interesting of our native |
wild flowers. ‘he glaucous channelled leaves appear in March and are
quite withered by the time the plant flowers in July, which feature Dr, |
Druce says makes it belong to O. sulfureum (Roem, et Schult.); the un- |
expanded flowering spikes in May are called “French Asparagus,” but |
when cooked are very insipid compared with the real vegetable.
Colchicum autumnale(Linn.), Meadow Saffron, or Autumn Crocus. This |
beautiful plant is a great ornament in September to our woods, where it i8 |
common, growing in the densest thickets ; the large leaves appear in April |
and are poisonous to cattle, they have quite disappeared by the time the
plant blooms in the autumn.
Paris quadrifolia (Linn.). Herb Paris, Plentiful in one place on the |
chalk in Foxbury Wood ; a lime-loving local species. <
Juncus compressus (Jacq.). Kamsbury, near one of the watercourses of |
the Kennet.—J. diffusus (Hoppe). A hybrid between J. inflewus and J. |
effusus occurs in a sloping meadow on London clay near Shalbourne}
Newtown; plants from this locality were named by Dr. Druce; I think Ij
the latter to one of the former.
By Cecil P. Hurst. 163
Luzula sylvatica (Gaud.). Great Wood Rush. This plant grows finely
in Chisbury Wood, where it has long been known to occur.
Sparganium simplex (Huds.). Bur-reed. Not uncommon along the canal.
Lemna trisulca (Linn.). Ivy-leaved Duckweed. Not uncommon along
the canal, but owing to incessant dredging the stations are uncertain.
Alisma Plantago var. lanceolatum (Wilh.). Water Plantain. A form
_ with lanceolate leaves, shorter style, and oval not oblong sepals which
| appears to merge gradually into the type, grows commonly along the Canal
| with the typical plant.
| Sagittaria sagittifolva (Linn.). Arrowhead. By the canal side at
{ Bedwyn.
Butomus umbellatus (Linn.). Flowering Rush. Occurs sparingly along
the canal between Bedwyn and Savernake, but does not often flower ; the
triangular rush-like leaves are very distinctive; owing to the constant
i dragging and pruning of the canal, its persistence in any one given station
| is very uncertain.
| Triglochin palustre (Linn.). Marsh Arrow Grass. Very sparingly by
' the canal and in two bogs between Folly Farm and Webb’s Gully.
| Potamogeton polygonifolius (Pourr.). This pondweed grew sparingly
and flowered in a little bog drain between Round Copse and Folly Farm
the plants were named by Dr. Druce; it is very rare or absent on the
chalk but is common in heathy districts. P. Mreesez (Rupr.). In the
| canal at Wootton Rivers.
— Zannichellia palustris (Linn.). Horned Pondweed. In a large pool
forming the headwaters of the Shalbourne Stream near Shalbourne ; it
_seems extinct in a pond near Wolfhall.
| Eleocharis acicularis (R. & Sch.). Slender Club Rush. A very in-
| conspicuous plant not uncommon in the canal near Bedwyn; it grows
- submerged and is the form submersa (Hy. Nilss.) in which state it does not
| flower. The plant is recognisable by its white creeping rhizome which is
| sometimes brought up by the tow-ropes of canal barges, and by its slender
needle-like leaves ; when I noticed it in 1920 it seemed to be new to South
| Wilts, the only other county record appearing to be that of Dr. Druce, who
found it at the bottom of the canal at Marston Maisey, in North Wiltshire
and recorded it in the Journ. of Bot. for 1885, p. 275. In 1921 the water
in one of the sections of the canal near Crofton was slightly lowered and
_the plant which was growing plentifully on the muddy margin above the
water produced its tiny spikelets sparingly, the leaves were very fine and
grass-like. 4. palustris (R. & Sch.). Club Rush. Round a pool high up
on the down to the south of Tidcombe specimens of #. palustris occurred
3ft. in height, this is the var. major (Koch.).
| Scirpus setaceus (Linn.). Foxbury Wood; side of an open valley near
| Webb’s Gully ; very sparingly on the edge of Chisbury Wood ; a local and
rare plant in the adjoining county of Berkshire.
| LLriophorum angustifolium (Roth.). Cotton Sedge or Cotton Grass.
‘Marsh near Round Copse ; boggy ground near Webb’s Gully. 2. latifolium
(Hoppe). Broad-leaved Cotton'Sedge. Sparingly in a spongy bog between
‘Folly Farm andWebb’s Gully ; this rare plant, specimens of which from this
locality were examined by Dr. Druce, was new to Wiltshire when it was
|
|
|
164 Great Bedwyn Flowering Plants and Ferns.
noticed in 1919, by the Rev. J. H. Adams, of Minchinhampton (Glos.) ; the
great drought of 1921 played havoc with our Cyperaceae and this year (1922)
I have been unable to find it. 1922 has been very wet and itis to be hoped
it will reappear.
Carex pulicaris (Linn.). Flea Sedge. In a marsh near Round Copse
and plentiful on boggy ground at Stype.—C. disticha (Huds.). A tuft by
a drinking pool for the deer near Leigh Hill, Tottenham Park.—C. leporina ©
(luinn.). Not uncommon in damp places around Bedwyn.—C.. Goodenowz
(Gay). Very fine and tall in a boggy place in Bedwyn Brails; bog near
Webb’s Gully.—C. pallescens (Linn.). Cobham Frith Wood; 3ft. high in
Foxbury Wood, growing with C. helodes,—C. panicea (Linn.). Pink Sedge,
or Carnation Sedge. Bog near Webb’s Gully.—C. helodes (Link.). 5ft.
high and extending for some distance in a boggy valley in Foxbury Wood,
but greatly diminished in quantity by the drought of 1921.—C.fulva (Host.).
Plants from a marsh near Round Copse were named by Dr. Druce; it also
occurs in a bog near Webb’s Gully, and here it hybridizes with C. fava var.
minor; the hybrid is a very rare plant, and specimens from this locality
were distributed through the Botanical Exchange Club.—C. flava (Linn.).
- Notinfrequent in boggy places near Bedwyn,but all the var. menor (Towns.),
I have not seen true flava.—C. binervis (Sm.). An ericetal species which
appears to be extinct in its locality near Rhododendron Drive, in the
Forest,owing to the gradual drying of the ground, and at present I know
of no locality near Bedwyn.—C. echinata (Murr.). Occurs in quantity on
boggy ground near Stype.
Calamagrostis epigetos (Roth.). Wood Small Reed. A good station for
this fine grass exists in Bedwyn Brails, not far from the Keeper’s Cottage,
and near the eastern border of the wood ; there is an old record for Chisbury
Wood, where I have been unable to find it ; it was noticed a year or two ago
near Chilton Foliat during an excursion of the Marlborough College Natural
History Society.
Sieglingia decumbens (Bernh.) Not uncommon in heathy places, Stype,
near Folly Farm, near Shalbourne Newtown, etc., ete.
Molina cerulea (Moench.). Purple Melic Grass. In wet heathy places,
not common; London Ride; boggy ground near Stype; marshy valley
near ound Copse; a bluish moorland grass, the wiry stems are sometimes
used for cleaning pipes.
Poa trivialis var. parviflora (Parn.). In a damp valley in Foxbury
Wood, a slender plant with small 1—2 flowered spikelets.
Glyceria plicata (Fr.). On ground by the stream at Shalbourne Mill ; '
also by a pool north of Shalbourne; easily known by the lower pale being |
twice as long as broad, instead of three times, as in G. fludtans.
Festuca bromoides (Linn.) Squirrel’s-tail Grass. The very dwarf form if
var. nana (Parn ) occurred on sandy ground at Dod’s Down.
Bromus erectus (Huds.). Very fine on chalky roadside banks as by the i
road from Great Bedwyn to Shalbourne; very handsome in flower.—B. | —
secalinus var. velutinus (Schrad.). In a dry cornfield near Great Bedwyn |
Vicarage; one or two plants on the south side of the canal near Guildford’s | .
Farm; spikelets downy and larger than in the type, which is occasionally |
seen in cultivated fields near Bedwyn.—B. commutatus (Schrad.). Cornfield |
above a sandpit near Round Copse.
By Ceeil P. Hurst. 165
Brachypodium pinnatum (Beauv.), Spiked Fescue Grass. Local; a
large patch in a field near Fairway, Great Bedwyn, conspicuous from its
yellow-green colour; it occurs in the Forest, in a small depression in the
chalk near Braydon Oak.
Nardus stricta (Linn.). Mat Grass. Not common ; a patch in a heathy
field near Burridge Heath; also growing rather sparingly near Stype
Wood.
FERNS.
Blechnum Spicant (With.). Hard Fern. Not uncommon in woods on
the Tertiary outliers, but not on the chalk; particularly abundant in a
small valley on the Reading sands in Chisbury Wood.
Asplenium Adiantum-negrum (Linn.). Black Spleenwort. Generally
very rare in the district but common in the brickwork of the bridges over
the canal near Great Bedwyn.—A 7'richomanes(Linn.). Maidenhair Spleen-
wort. A fern that grew in the churchyard wall at Great Bedwyn, where
it appears to be extinct.
Athyrium Filix-femina (Roth.). Lady Fern. Rather common in the
woods. |
Ceterach officinarum (Willd.). Scale Fern. Very rare; in fair quantity
in the brickwork of a bridge over the canal between Great Bedwyn and
Crofton; on the Somerset Hospital at Froxfield ; it has occurred in the
brickwork of a lock-pound on the canal.
Phyllitis Scolopendrium (Newm.). Hart’s Tongue. Very rare; in a
brick shaft at Dod’s Down; on a bank by the Shalbourne Stream, near
Shalbourne.
Polystichum aculeatum (Roth.). Prickly Shield Fern. In hedges and in
the ramparts at Chisbury Camp, the only station near here.
Lastrea montana (TY. Moore). Sweet Mountain Fern. In small quan-
tity in two localities near London Ride in the Forest; this fern may
_ possibly have given its name to Savernake Forest, for Mr. Maurice Adams
writes in “ Sylvan Savernake” :—“ As to the origin of the name ‘ Saver-
nake’ opinions differ. Some, as Fuller, Camden, and others, considered it
to have reference to an old Cornish word, ‘ savarn,’ signifying ‘ savour,’ ”
and that the name was given to the district from the fact that a sweet-
smelling fern known as the Polypodium fragrans was occasionally found
here. Aubrey’s allusion to this is in the following terms :—‘‘ Dr. Fuller
| _ also makes mention of a sweet fern which growes in this forest, which the
Vicar here tells me he hath seen and smelt ; it is like other fern” (“other
fern” probably refers to bracken and Lastrea Filix-mas) ‘‘ but not so
_bigge. He knows not where about it grows but promised to make en-
quiry.” To this statement he appends the memorandum “ Send also to
Mr. Bird of Stock for some.” To the view that the name Savernake is
_ thus derived it has been objected that the fern in question is not by any
| means confined to this locality, nor is it likely, under these circumstances,
_ to have given the name to so large a tract of country. However this may
be, in view of the above, its persistence in the Forest in two localities not
far from Stock House, is interesting ; 1t should be searched for and found
in other parts of the Forest.
166 Great Bedwyn Flowering Plants and. Perns.
The Shield Ferns, Zastrea spinulosa (Presl.) and L. aristata (Ren. & ©
Brit.) are common in the woods. 7
Polypodium vulgare (Linn.). Polypody. Common on oaks in the
Forest.
Ophioglossum vulgatum(Linn.). Adder’s Tongue Fern. Not uncommon,
very plentiful on London clay in a meadow near Shalbourne Newtown ;
Chisbury Wood, etc. a
Botrychitum Lunaria (Sev.). Moonwort. In fair quantity in one place ~
on the flat expanse known as West Leas, near Foxbury Wood ; in May, ~
1922, I saw two plants on Column Ride, in Tottenham Park.
HoRSETAILS. |
Equisetum sylvaticum (Linn.). Wood Horsetail. A local species occur- 7
ring plentifully ; ina meadow on|London clay near Newtown Shalbourne;a |
very elegant plant ; the rare var. capillare (Milde), emerald green and with
many long slender branches of equal length grows in some quantity in one ©
place in Wilton Brails. #. palustre (Linn.). Marsh Horsetail. The var. —
polystachyum (Weigel) in which the branches bear cones as well as the |
main axis, is found sparingly on London clay at Dod’s Down; only two-
localities for this uncommon form are given in Dr. Druce’s “ Flora of Berk- |}
shire.” |
CHARAS.
Chara fragilis (Desv.). In a shallow pond near Burridge Heath ; wit |
nice fruit in a pool on Conyger Hill. C. vulgaris (Linn.). Canal at Grealfl
Bedwyn; Var. papillata (Wallr.). In large quantity paving a drinking |
pool for cattle on the east side of Bedwyn Brails in Aug., 1921, but this |
year (1922) it had entirely disappeared, as often happens with the Charas ;
Mr. James Groves, I'.L.S., writes: ‘“‘ Your plant is C. vulgaris var. papul- |
lata ; extreme forms of the variety are well-marked but like most Chara |
vars., there are many intermediates. I am afraid the continued drought |
(in 1921) has been prejudicial to water as well as to land plants.”
167
NOTES ON WILTSHIRE CHURCHES.
By Sir SterpHen GLynne,!
| Amesbury. (Sept. 28th, 1824.] The Church of Ambresbury is a large
i and ancient edifice, standing in a Church yard adjoining the park of
| the Manor House. It is in the form of a cross, consisting of a nave
| with south aisle, a transept, a chancel with a large tower in the centre.
| The general character of the Church is Early English with some later
portions. The south aisle is a Perpendicular addition, and is divided
from the nave by two pointed arches with a good Perpendicular pier
| having detached shafts with flowered capitals. The windows in this
aisle are tolerably good Perpendicular. The west window of the naveis
Perpendicular. The nave has a wood roof with pierced beams, wrought
with the square flower and other ornaments. In the south wall of the
aisle is a good Perpendicular trefoiled niche. ‘The appearance of the
| nave is much disfigured by a clumsy projecting gallery for singers,
| which is placed within one of the arches on the south side. The roof of
the south aisle and of the transept is plain but has corbels formed by
| grotesque heads. The tower is large and massive ; its character is Early
i inglish. It has on each side three long lancet windows, and is finished
| by a perfectly plain parapet. ‘The arches which support it are par-
ticularly bold and lofty; they open to the nave, chancel, and transept,
and spring from piers formed of clustered Early English shafts. The
northern transept has at its north end three Early English lancet
windows, and more of the same sort on its west side, with string course
running beneath them. The chancel displays some very good work.
It has some lancet windows and two very elegant Decorated ones, each
of four lights, and one on each side of the chancel; their tracery is
very different, that on the south side appears to be early in the style.
The east window is Perpendicular. A string course runs round the
interior of the chancel. On the north side is a small Early English
doorway with a dripstone. On the north side of the altar table is what
| is said to have been a confessional. It is a beautiful Decorated
|
| ‘In St. Deiniol’s Library, at Hawarden, are preserved a large number of
“MS. notes on the architectural features of Churches in many parts of
‘England made by Sir Stephen Glynne chiefly during the second and third
‘}quarters of the 19th century. The Wiltshire portion of these notes was
transcribed for our Society in 1909 by the kindness of the then warden, the
| Rev. G. C. Joyce. It is proposed with the generous permission of Mr. H.
Gladstone, to follow the example of some other societies which have
‘already printed the portions concerning their counties, and to print these
Wiltshire notes as they stand without comment, except that where a word
‘in the MS. is illegible or doubtful it will be noted by a query.
‘| VOL. XLII—NO. CXXXVIII. N
168 Notes on Wiltshire Churches,
specimen, somewhat early in the style. It is a niche with deep
architrave mouldings, simply feathered, and with shafts having plain
round moulded capitals; this is surmounted by a triangular canopy
with an extremely fine rich finial and crockets, and having on each
side of it a buttress terminating in a rich crocketed pinnacle. The
space between the canopy and the head of the niche is filled up with a
pierced trefoil. The whole is of exquisitely beautiful workmanship.
_ In the chancel is a brass inscription of 1470. The font is square and
plain, but at the base on each side is a range of trefoiled niches.
Ashton Keynes. Holy Cross. [June 24th, 1870.] An interesting ~
Church, consisting of a lofty clerestoried nave with north and south
aisle, chancel with north aisle, a west tower, and north and south porch.
There is some variety of architecture and some curious features. The
arcades of the nave are not quite alike, each has four arches. On the
north the two western are Karly English and pointed, upon a central cir-
cular column which has some odd sculpture in the capital, resembling
volutes, and the west respond hasa kind of fluting. Thenfollows a (?) and
a square pier, and the two eastern arches are later upon an octagonal
pillar with some foliage in the capital and with somewhat similar
responds. ‘The southern arcade is wholly Early English, the columns
circular with circular moulded capitals and similar responds. The
clerestory windows are poor and modern. In the south aisle are two
Edwardian windows of two lights and one Perpendicular of three. In
the north aisle they are al] good Edwardian of two lights. he nave |
has a (triple?) roof with ribs and tie beams. The tower arch isan |
open one pointed, on octagonal shafts with capitals. On the north |
side of the tower is a trefoil headed doorway. E
The tower seems Perpendicular, is divided into three stages, and has |
corner buttresses and a good embattled parapet and well finished |
gargoyles. The west window is large, of five lights, but rather plain— |
each light simply cinquefoiled.
The belfry windows, each of two lights—in the (?) stage is a single |
trefoiled light. On the north is a shallow projection for staircase. |
The nave contains some open ancient benches of plain character. - The |
chancel arch is Norman of three orders, upon two shafts on each side, |
which have cushion capitals. One order is of double chevron, one of |
single ; the soffit is plain. The font is attached to a south pier and is |
early : a circular block with herring bone and foliage round the rim. |
There is a square-headed door with the rood stairs at the east of the |
north aisle of the nave and an upper door pointed. Between the north |
aisle of the nave and that of the chancel is an Early English arch upon |
square imposts—over which is a curious piece of sculpture which seems
of Early Decorated character. It looks like a reredos, but its situation |
so high up makes that improbable. It is in three compartments and |
forms rather a flat arch, the centre piece having a cusped vesica; the}
lateral compartments have ogee canopies with crockets and finials—|
and bounded by Perpendicular mouldings filled with ball flowers. |
The chancel is divided from its north aisle by two small pointed}
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 169
arches of Early English character on square impost mouldings, set upon
the central square pier; each of these arches opens into a separate
chapel. ‘The two chapels are very curious. Each has separate tiled
roofs, and each contains a piscina ; that in the western has a canopied
arch, surmounted by a trefoil, with shelf and basin. ‘he other piscina
is simply with trefoil headed arch and also with stone shelf. The
windows of these chapels are transitional from Decorated to
Perpendicular. ‘The chancel has on the south one Perpendicular
window of two lights, two square-headed, another next the east, isa
single-light cinquefoiled. ‘he east window is Perpendicular, of three
lights and transomed. ‘The north porch has some flowered mouldings
and corner buttresses. ‘Lateral windows square headed and Per-
pendicular, ‘The outer door with continuous mouldings; the inner
door has round arch and very plain hood. ‘The south porch has coved
ribbed roofs. The outer door continuous; the inner has Tudor arch
and foliage spandrels.
| | Avebury. S. James. [29th April, 1850.] This Church has a nave with
with aisles, chancel, west tower, and south porch. There are some
Norman features. The nave is Bone and lofty ; the chancel rather
long. The walls are mostly of flint and stone mixed. Within the
porch is a good Norman doorway, late in the style, having two orders
of mouldings and shafts. Of the former one is nail-headed, one
cylindrical, the hood nail-headed. The shafts are keeled and have
capitals of First Pointed appearance with moulded abaci. The porch
itself is late. The effect of the interior is poor from the disproportionate
size of chancel and nave, and more especially from the debased alter-
ations in the latter. The short arcades are each only of two bays,
having pointed arches, with circular columns, which have debased
square capitals. The south clerestory is also of a debased character.
In the angle of each extreme pier on the south appears a short Norman
shaft, a remnant of the original work. The windows are mostly Third
Pointed in the aisles, except one on the south, which has two trefoiled
headed lights under a segmental arch, and a lancet at the end of the
north aisle.
The chancel arch is a very low pointed one, springing from half
octagonal shafts. Over this arch against the bare wall is seen now the
front of the roodloft, having a series of niche paneling, painted and gilt,
a flowered cornice above and a vine below, under which again is some
fringe work with spandrels, On each side is a hagioscope into the chancel
from the aisle, both which are large and passage like. ‘That on the north
opens by a flat arch abutting on the east window of the north aisle, and
into it opens the rood door. To the west of it is a small (?). On the
south the hagioscope is in a sort of flattened trefoil form. The nave
is full of wretched pews and has a western gallery.
The chancel is early Middle Pointed. On the north are two windows
of two lights and also on the south, the westernmost of which has been
curiously altered, but the alteration not completed. A third light, also
three-foiled, but widen than the others, is added to the west, and there
N 2
170 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
is the beginning of an extension of the containing arch over it. The
east window is a pretty one of three lights, each light tréfoiled headed
with a trefoil over the lateral lights, and a sixfoil over the central one.
There is a priest’s door on the south, and a piscina, ‘which is now
undergoing restoration. The fenestella (?) is trefoiled. Opposite to
this on the north is an obtuse arched almery. The sacrarium is laid
with encaustic tiles. The altar of oak has a green frontal charged with |
a cross. The font is a fine Norman one, cylindrical in form, diminishing
downwards, covered with foliage and scroll work—and on its lower
part is a range of rude intersecting arches with large shafts. The
tower arch is continuous. The Tower Third Pointed of three stories,
embattled with four crocketed pinnacles crowning angular buttresses.
On the south an octagonal turret not reaching the whole height and
becoming square in its lower part, which has a door. The belfry
windows of two lights. On the west an obtuse doorway with continuous
moulding and returned hood. The west window of four lights, with
-.. hood returned.
The south aisle is embattled with pinnacles. The north aisle has a
parapet. The roof of the nave modern.
Bedwin, Great. [19th June, 1845.] A fine Jarge Church of cruciform
plan with central tower, with excellent First and Middle Pointed
‘features. The walls are constructed of flints and the exterior is
generally rather plain. The west window is a Third Pointed insertion
of three lights, as is also the clerestory, which has square-headed
windows of two lights, and some of the other windows in the aisles
are similar. The tower in its upper portion is of the same date and —
has an elegant pierced battlement and long belfry windows of two —
lights.. The roofs are leaded. Some odd flying buttresses have been |
added to the north clerestory and there are no other buttresses to the —
aisles. The north porch is modern. The interior is in good condition |
and has received much improvement under the auspices of the present |
Vicar. The nave has on each side a fine semi-Norman arcade of four |
arches slightly pointed and enriched with chevron ornament ‘in the |
mouldings and billets in the hood. The columns are circular, of a |
common Wiltshire character, not unlike those at the Ogbournes and |
Collingbournes; the capitals square and varying in the character of |
their sculpture, some having singular foliage, some with heads inter- |
mixed. Under the tower are four plain recessed pointed arches of |
early Middle Pointed character, supposed to be about 1306, the hoods |
springing from well-executed head corbels. |
The transepts are Middle Pointed, each has at the end a three-light |
window with ogee head ; the other windows of two lights also Middle |
Pointed. In the south transept is a piscina of octagonal form having |
a projecting ogee canopy three-foiled. Under the end window are two |
sepulchral arches in the wall; beneath one is the effigy of a cross-legged |
knight with a shield; the other projects considerably, and beneath it |~
is an inscribed flat stone ; probably commemorating the founder. In |~
both transepts on the east wall is an unusual quantity of fresco;
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 171
painting, discovered by removing the whitewash, and of superior
character to what is generally seen. In the south is represented the
Crucifixion and the legend of a female saint. In the north is a good
deal of diaper work with figures of 8. John Baptist, 8S. George, dc.
The transepts are ceiled, but the corbels are seen.
The chancel is First Pointed, and large. On the south side five
lancets which have trefoil heads. The S.W. extended into lychnoscope
with a transome (?) On the north is the same arrangement, but two
are cut short by a monument. ‘The north-east and south-east windows
are extended into seats and there is an ogee piscina trefoiled, with
projecting basin having an octofoiled orifice. ‘The east is almost
Middle Pointed of three lights, having the hood corbeled. The windows
of the chancel have externally no hood. ‘There is a priest’s door. In
the 'chancel are several monuments: one brass of John Seymour, 1517,
another debased tomb toSirJohn Seymour,1536. The rood screen is Jate.
The chancel has some very good executed tiles of modern work within
the sacrarium. ‘The roof of the chancel is high and leaded. ‘The north
porch is modern.
Beechingstoke. S. Stephen. [May 14th, 1859.] A small Church having
only chancel and nave, with south porch, and wooden belfry over the
west end. There is on it the date 1653, when perhaps it may have been
wholly or for the most part rebuilt, as there are late debased features
and the windows are mostly square-headed and poor. ‘The east window
is a bad Perpendicular insertion and has good stained glass. The
chancel arch is pointed, rising at once from the wall. The font is
modern.
{Berwick Bassett. Printed in Vol. xxxvii., p. 420. ]
Bishop’s Cannings. [August, 1835.] This is a very fine cruciform
Church, affording an excellent specimen of Early English work almost
unmixed, except by the insertion of some windows. The nave has side
aisles, but not the chancel, and from the centre of the cross rises the
tower of very fine Early English masonry, having a plain parapet with
a corbel table below it and surmounted by a plain well proportioned
spire, perhaps of later date. There are small shafts set in the angles
of the tower and a turret at the north-east angle ending in a pyramid.
The belfry windows are three long lancets with fine mouldings all
about them, but no shafts. On the north and south sides there are
two lancets in the stage below the belfry windows. The whole Church
is built of excellent stone. The western gable of the nave and the south
clerestory are embattled, the aisles are leaded, with plain parapets, the
transepts tiled, with high roofs and gables. There is a large south
porch with groined ceiling, the outer doorway has very fine arch
mouldings with foliage, and slender shafts and (—?) by a triangular
crocketed canopy. The inner doorway is Early English with shafts
having foliated capitals. Several of the gables of the Church are (—?)
by crosses. The west window of the nave is a triple lancet, with good
mouldings internally and marble shafts with foliated capitals. The
tie Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
nave has on each side four good Early English arches with circular
pillars, the capitals of which are square with a kind of scalloped
ornament. The roof of the nave is plain, the beams upon corbels
representing crowned mitred heads. ‘There is a small window of
Norman appearance at the west end of the north aisle. The windows
of the side aisle and clerestory are rectilinear of three lights. The tower
stands upon four pointed arches opening to the nave, chancel, and |
transepts, rising from half octagon shafts. Beneath the tower isafine |
groined ceiling of stone.
The north transept has an aisle or chapel on the east, to which it
opens by two finely moulded arches, with clustered pier of shafts
having foliated capitals. This chapel thes plain lancet windows. The
south transept has only arch (szc) to its eastern chapel, in which chapel
is one lancet and one Early Decorated window, anda late (—?) monu-
ment, date 1571. At the end of this transept isa large niche with foliated
head having knobs at points of the crosses, and containing a piscinaand |
a shelf or credence. ‘The transepts in most respects are similar, and |
each has at the end a fine triple lancet with rich mouldings and marble
shafts with foliated capitals. Under the windows runs a string course,
continued over the doorway in the inside.
In the north transept is a curious ancient wooden seat, probably a
confessional, the back of which is painted with three scrolls opening |
from a bird’s beak, inscribed thus in black letter :— |
Nescis quatu
Nescis quoties.
Deum offendisti.
In the south transept is a rude ancient box.
The chancel islarge and handsome and has a stone groined ceiling in
three compartments, of simple design, probably coeval with the main
portion of the Church, the bosses are foliated, the ribs moulded and |
spring from circular shafts with moulded capitals. The northern |
windows are lancets with good mouldings. On the south they are
small incipient Decorated of two lights, without feathering. The
east window isa fine triple lancet, with marble shafts, nearly resembling
those at the ends of the nave and of the transepts. On the south side
of the altar is a curious piscina, square and projecting, with shafts
having foliated capitals, and above it a trefoil niche with bold moulding
stopped by very diminutive shafts standing upon head corbels. The
altar piece is modern, a stone screen in the Rectilinear style, the altar,
also modern, is of stone. On the south side of the chancel are remnants
of sedilia mutilated, the arches trefoiled, and springing from corbels.
On the north of the chancel is a vestry coeval with it, a strong stone
groined roof in two compartments, the ribs upon corbels, and the win-
dows small lancets. The font is octagonal, with quatrefoils on a plain
shaft. The interior of the Church is in good condition and seems to
be carefully attended to. ‘The pews, zf such things must exist, are good
of the kind. At the west end is a large organ presented i in 1809 by a
Mr. Bayley.
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 173
Bishopston (S. Wilts). S. John Baptist. [Feb. 20th, 1872.] A fine
Church cruciform in plan, with central tower. ‘here is a south porch
and vestry north of the east end of the chancel, but no aisles to nave
or chancel. The chancel and south transept are of most excellent
Decorated work ; the north transept also decorated. ‘The nave has
Perpendicular features. The Church is far superior to the generality
of the neighbouring Churches and has features of remarkable beauty.
The material is as usual of mixed flint and stone. ‘The nave has a
west window of three lights of Decorated character, under which is a
later doorway with rather flat arch. The other windows of the nave
are Perpendicular of three lights, two on each side. The roof is of flat
pitch. The nave is fitted with open seats. The tower is on four
pointed arches, of which those at the north, east, and west, are lofty
and continuous in mouldings. That on the south has been altered, is
much smaller and surrounded by wall in which, above the arch, may
be seen a Norman arch head, relic of an earlier building, opening to the
transept, and a trefoil headed lancet. There are two stone brackets
flanking the western tower arch. ‘The north transept has a Decorated
window of three lights with reticulated tracery at the end, and two of
flowing character of two lights. At the end, under the window, a fine
tomb of the same character, under a rich sepulchral arch having double
cusping, a large finial, and ball flower in the arch mouldings. The tomb
has an incised slab. ‘There is also another incised slab with a cross.
On the east side of this transept is an ogee niche with fine canopy be-
tween the windows, also a piscina with ogee arch and finial with ball
flowers in the mouldings and a shelf. This transept has a plain roof:
The south transept is of similar Decorated character, but has a fine
groined roof with ribs and bosses, the ribs on corbel heads. ‘The win-
dows resemble those of the north transept. There is a stone seat at
the south end. The piscina between the windows on the east side has
rich overhanging ogee canopy with flanking pinnacles and finial. In
this transept is a canopied tomb under an arch, resembling that of the
north transept, commemorating the late Rev. G. A. Montgomery,
Rector, obit. 1840. ‘The organ is placed in the south transept. The
pulpit has fine wood carving said to have been brought from Spain by
the Rev. G. Montgomery, also there are good wood stalls of recent date
in the chancel. The south transept and chancel have externally on the
east side good paneled parapets pierced with quatrefoils.
The end window of each transept has externally an ogee hood with
finial, The south transept has another curious feature, externally
below the sill of the end window, a kind of small quasi cloister, hav-
ing a sloping roof and opening on the south by two arches between
which, as well as (at) the angles of the building, are pedimental but-
tresses. There are also open arches at the east and west of this cloister.
This curious building is groined within and it contains two (?) tombs
which are not in (situ) ?, having been removed from the interior of the
Church,
The chancel has the same paneled parapet as the south transept,
and is evidently of the same date. It has on each (side?) windows of
(174
Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
two lights, two on the south, one on the north (the vestry occupying
the eastern bay on the north) of good flowing tracery. On the south
is a priest’s door of remarkable beauty, set within a kind of shallow
porch with overhanging canopy ending in an ogee richly crocketed with
finial, having groining on the underside. The form of the outer arch
is remarkable, having cinquefoil head, at one end upon a shaft, at the
other oddly carried down the jamb. ‘The east window is of four lights
like that of the south transept, with external ogee drip having finial, and
the small window in the gable above in shape of a spherical triangle.
There is an octagonal stair turret at the north-east angle of the chancel.
The groining of the chancel is very beautiful—each compartment has
six ribs meeting in a central boss of rich sculpture. The east window
has on each side, internally, a canopied niche. On the south of the
sacrarium are three sedilia of great beauty, of the same date as the
Church, having cinquefoil heads, crocketed with finials, above which
are pedimental canopies also richly crocketed and with finials. Upon |
each finial is set a crocketed pinnacle having crockets and finials and |
and paneling. There are also crocketed pinnacles set between the |
sedilia, on square stems paneled. Between each stall is an opening of
ogee form. The upper pinnacles rise to the window sill. The piscina |
has disappeared.
The vestry has single trefoil headed windows.
The font is Perpendicular, the bowl octagonal and paneled.
The porch is tiled—the doorways within it and outside both have
continuous arch mouldings, and there is a stoup near the inner door,
also a staircase that led to an upper chamber. |
The tower is plain and hardly lofty enough in proportion. Itsupper |
part is very ordinary Perpendicular with bold embattled parapet and |
belfry windows of two lights. )
The south transept and window has externally a dripstone, ending |
in a large finial reaching up to a small window in shape of spherical |
triangle in the gable. | |
The end window of the north transept has not the external ogee drip.
The reredos is a new one, with fine wood carving.
Bishopstrow. S. Adelme (sic.). [May 26th, 1863.] ‘This Church is not |
very interesting; the body is wholly modern, having been rebuilt in |
the seventeenth century in a quasi-Italian style, with Venetian windows. |
At the west end, however, \is the original steeple, which is wholly
Perpendicular, a square tower with battlement, bearing an octagonal |
ribbed spire,' which has a horizontal band of paneling. The buttresess |
are placed at the angles, the belfry window of two lights labeled.
Box. This Church hasa nave with aisles, of which the southern is modern, |
chancel, and between the nave and chancel a tower crowned by a stone |
spire. There is a vestry on the north of the chancel, and the whole is |
constructed of fine stone. There is not, however, very much to admire |
in the architecture. The tower, above the roof of the body, and the |
spire are Perpendicular, as are also most of the external features of the |
Church. The tower has an open paneled parapet of a style very common |
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 175
in the western counties, and small crocketed pinnacles at the angles.
The belfry windows are of two lights and beneath them is a projecting
graduated ledge, a feature not very unusual. The spire is octagonal,
but not ribbed. The buttresses of the tower are strong and on the
north side is an octagonal stair turret. ‘There is at the west end of
the nave a Tudor arch doorway, with paneling on the spandrels ;
over it a three-light Perpendicular window. The windows of the north
aisle and in the chancel are mostly square-headed, containing the
doubtful Transition tracery which is so often found. ‘The roofs are
covered with the stone slates which abound hereabouts. The nave is
divided from the north aisle by four pointed arches upon low octagonal
columns with overhanging capitals, and from the south aisle by four
modern pointed arches with mouldings continued down the piers.
The windows of the south aisle are (in) imitation of the northern
ones. ‘he tower in its lower part opens to the nave and chancel,
each by wide pointed arches, which have continuous mouldings and
no shafts. The chancel has an east window of three trefoil lights
within a general arch. ‘The interior is much modernised—there is
an organ at the west end. ‘lhe vestry north of the chancel has a gable
roof.
Bradford. Holy Trinity. A large Church entirely Perpendicular, except
some earlier portions in the chancel. The plan is a west tower with
short spire, a long and wide nave with north aisle and a small south
chapel and south porch and chancel. ‘he tower is rather plain—has
an embattled parapet and an octagonal turret at the south-east. The
west window, of three lights, has a (—?) arch; the second story has a
single square-headed window; the belfry on each side a two-light
window; the buttresses at the angles; the spire of stone original, but
not lofty. Within the tower is a fine stone groined roof and the arch
‘opening to the nave has paneled soffit. The whole of the exterior is of
good stone and well finished, though not rich. ‘he nave and chancel
have embattled parapets, the former a lead roof, the latter tiled. The
porch has a niche over the entrance. ‘lhe south chapel, which is low,
has a tiled roof without battlement. On the south side of the nave
the windows are mostly of three lights with transoms, one of four lights.
The windows of the north aisle are of three lights and there is a small
projection resembling an oriel in the wall of the same aisle, internally
having two stages of paneling; it may, perhaps, have served as a
monumental chapel.
The arches which divide the nave from the aisle are in two divisions,
the first, westward, comprises three which have good mouldings and
spring from light piers of lozenge form with four shafts attached, are
stilted and have octagonal capitals. Beyond there is a large and wide
Square pier, eastward of which are two pointed arches, with a finely
moulded pier between them with a shaft at each face. Corresponding
with the break in the disposition of the piers, there is also an interval
in the windows of the north aisle. The battlement, gargoyles, corbels,
(?) on the north side are all particularly well finished. ‘The chancel
176 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
arch is wide, with mouldings and shafts, but encumbered with an ugly
gallery and the Royal Arms with the date 1668. ‘here is a small arched
aperture in the wall from the nave to the north aisle beyond the last
arch eastward. In the north aisle near the chancel arch is an octagon
turret for the rood stairs. ‘The chapel on the south of the nave is low
and opens by an obtuse late arch with mouldings and small shafts.
This chapel is not used and is the property of Earl Manvers. Ithas |
a hagioscope, opening into the chancel. Initisa late brass of alady
in the dress of the age of Elizabeth, to “Elizabeth Anne—wife of
Gyfford Longe Oct. 1601, whose known good lyfe sheweth that God
hath taken her sowle to his mercy.”
The chancel is large and has a covered roof with some sort of paneling.
There are traces of early work in the chancel and some Norman windows
closed on each side. ‘I'he east window is of five lights and Decorated,
containing some modern painted glass. Some other .windows are
Perpendicular, and one on the north side Decorated of two lights. In
the south wall is a very fine Decorated tomb, which projects out-
wardly in a pedimental form, in which a lancet window was inserted,
and closed. This tomb is surmounted by a lofty and rich canopy,
consisting of a deeply recessed and moulded arch, having remarkably
bold feathering, inwardly a lofty triangular crocketed canopy, flanked —
by pinnacles which are set on corbels. On the tomb is the effigy of a_ |
cross-legged knight with shield and sword. Another slab has aneffigy |
in bas relief. ‘The reredos is Italian and ugly and contains a painting |
of the Last Supper. The pulpit is poor. ‘The nave has north, west, |
and east galleries ; in the western a large organ. ‘The roof of the nave
is plastered and in panels of Italian taste.
The font has an octagonal bowl—the faces variously paneled with
roses, etc.
Brinkworth, S. Michael. [Oct. 17th, 1864]. A fair Church, having |
nave with aisles, chancel, west tower, and south porch. The chancel
has some earlier features and is much lower than the nave. ‘The rest
is Perpendicular. ‘Che tower, rather small, has battlement and corner
buttresses, belfry windows of two lights, in string courses, some
smaller windows set irregularly, on the west side a three-light window
and doorway with label and paneled spandrels. The nave and porch
wholly embattled ; the outer doorway of the latter has continuous arch
mouldings and shield corbels. The character iof the nave is very
uniform ; all the windows similar, of three lights, with intermediate
buttresses. ‘There is a north doorway of udor form. The nave has
on each side an arcade of five tall pointed arches on octagonal pillars ;
the arches well moulded and the pillars have capitals. The nave roof
is coved ; those of the aisles are of plain wood.
The chancel arch is pointed upon octagonal shafts.
‘he chancel is very low and ceiled. ‘The east window is Decorated |
of three lights, and one on the south also Decorated of two lights. One |
north window isa single ogee light, trefoiled, and one is Perpendicular |
square-headed of two lights. The nave has a high pointed east gable. I
The east end of the aisles embattled. |
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 177
Britford. §S. Peter. [Feb. 20th, 1872.] The Church is cruciform, with
central tower, and without aisles ; but an addition was made on the
north side of the chancel about 100 years ago in incongruous style,
forming the mausoleum of the Bouveries, and not opening into the
Church. There are indications of very ancient supposed Saxon work,
north and south of the nave, where are very rude doorways with round
arches, with brick intermixed with the stone. The masonry of the
Church is chiefly of flint with stone intermixed. The tower in its
upper portion is modern and poor. It stands on four stilted pointed
arches. The windows of the nave are all modern of the worst kind,
and the whole is at present pewed. In the east wall of the south
transept is a piscina with ogee niche, trefoiled and with octofoil orifice.
There is also a similar piscina to the east of the north transept. There
are open roofs to the nave and south transept ; the chancel is ceiled.
There are bad windows in the chancel; on its north side is a fine tomb
of Perpendicular character, said to be that of Henry Stafford, Duke of
Buckingham, obit. 1483, but this is doubtful. The altar tomb is
paneled with rich canopied niches of ogee form crocketed and
pinnacled, in which are figures of saints and kings. Above the tomb
is a rich ogee canopy with two bands of foliage and flanked by pin-
nacles. A few old bench ends remain amidst the pews. ‘The Church
is shortly to be restored, and good plans by Street adopted.
Brokenborough. S. John. (Oct. 16th, 1864.] A small Church having
|
}
|
nave with north aisle and chancel, north porch, and wooden belfry
over the east end of thenave. ‘The nave has an arcade of four semi-
Norman arches, semicircular and of small size, on columns which are
circular and have moulded capitals. ‘The chancel arch is pointed,
upon circular shafts. In the nave the windows are mostly Perpen-
dicular, but those at the west end dissimilar. On the N. side of the
nave is a debased window stretching into the roof and clearly an in-
sertion. ‘The chancel has on the south a trefoil headed lancet, having
good mouldings externally all round it. The east window Decorated
of two lights. The seats are mostly open but plain and poor. There
is a plain wood screen dividing the chancel. The font has an octagonal
bowl paneled, Perpendicularin character. ‘The windows on the south
partly closed, as also the door. ‘The south porch is plain.
‘The public approach to this Church is on the north side.
Bromham. S. Nicolas. [April 27th, 1850] A fine Church, with many
interesting features, having a nave and chancel, each witha south aisle,
a south porch, and a tower crowned with stone spire in the centre ;
the aisle extending along the latter as a quasi-transept, but not carried
beyond the walls of the other portions. There is some First Pointed
work in the chancel, the rest of the Church chiefly Third Pointed, the
south chapel of the chancel being in the rich style which occurs in a
similar chapel at S. John’s, Devizes. ‘The arcade of the nave is of four
pointed arches, having octagonal columns with moulded capitals, above
which are small wedges at the angles. ‘The roof of the naveis an open
178
Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
one with pierced tracery over the beams. In the east angles of the —
nave are corbels of angels bearing the emblems of the Passion. Over
the eastern portion of the nave, where was the rood loft, the roof is
paneled and coloured. The ribs are supported on corbel heads. The
windows of the nave and aisle are all Third Pointed ; at the west a
large one of five lights ; another similar one on the south; one on the
north square-headed of three lights. Another has lost its tracery.
The tower rises on three pointed arches, opening to the nave, chancel
and south aisle, which are continuous. In that part of the aisle which
passes the tower is a five-light window. On the north of the tower is
a door having nicely carved woodwork opening to steps that lead to
the rood-loft and also to a sacristy which is either rebuilt or a new
addition. ‘The chancel is First Pointed, has on the north, three single
lancets, and a triplet at the east end. The latter has externally
separate hoods, and internally shafts with elegant circular foliated
capitals. There are small arches flanking the triplet which are without
shafts. Of the north lancets only the eastern one has shafts, of which
the capital has an abacus and foliage and circular bases. Under the
north-east window is a square recess, or aumbry, having trefoil —
feathering. On the south of the chancel arch is a trefoiled squint inte |
the aisle. The chapel on the south of the chancel called Bayntun aisle |
was probably built in the time of Henry VIII., and is of ‘great rich-
ness both within and without ; and this richness externally extendsto |
the part south of the tower. All this has a very fine paneled battle- |
ment, with shields and foliage and a flowered cornice, the buttresses |
at the set-offs having diagonal crocketed pinnacles, which have also |
flowered mouldings. ‘The windows are closely set, each large and of |
five lights. Over the point of each externally are angels bearing shields
which bear the emblems of the Crucifixion. Theeast end of this chapel |
is extremely rich, with pinnacles adorned with shields and foliage. At |
the point of the gable is a lofty niche having a high canopy, paneled |
and pierced, the pediment rich and having undergroining, and the
jambs wreathed. The pedestal of the niche is paneled and flanked |
by two elegant arches, having beautiful mouldings, enriched with |
pieces of foliage and flowers rising from light piers of four slender |
shafts clustered in a lozenge form, with stilted bases and capitals |
octagonal with foliage. Between two windows on the south side is a |
canopied niche, and there is some good stained glass. The priest's |
door has both externally and internally an ogee crocketed canopy, ris- |
ing above the window sill. This chapel has a flat. paneled ceiling, |
painted and gilt, with ribs and bosses. On the north side of the east |
window is a rich niche. This chapel is enclosed by rood screens |
There is a canopied black marble tomb of later date with three ogee |
compartments and paneling, and brass figures at the back, and an
inscription to Sir Edward Bayntun, A.D. 1574. Another Third |
Pointed tomb has an effigy and canopy of black marble supported by |
debased columns. ‘There are also some brasses and helmets, &c., Sus- |
pended. The chapel on the south of the tower has very flat stone ©
groining with foliated ribs and an odd large pendant in the centre. he
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 179
Over the squint is a ledge with flowered moulding. The south porch
has a parvise and is embattled ; has the beginning of fan groining, and
both inner and outer doors obtuse. The tower is strongly built, is
embattled, and has a large turret on the N. side, is of three stages, and
the belfry window of two lights. There are four crocketed pinnacles
and the spire is plain and octagonal without ribs. Atthe angles are
gargoyles. ‘The north and south sides of the nave are embattled.
The font is Third Pointed, the bowl octagonal and diminishing
downwards, the ribs sinking into the stem and having vine and grapes
-at the points. Each face is paneled.
The pulpit is a pretty stone one, with paneling and crockets on an
octagonal stem. The front of the desk is adorned with open niches
and buttresses. ‘There are low open benches with carved ends, and an
organ at the west of the aisle on the ground.
Burbage. All Saints’, The Church has a west tower, nave with aisles,
ee ae aoe
north transeptal chapel and south porch, chancel. The tower is not
lofty, but of excellent stone masonry, though late Perpendicular. It
is remarkable for being larger from north to south than from east to
west, and has an embattled parapet and four crocketed pinnacles.
The west window, of three lights, and below it a door with good
mouldings. The belfry windows, each of two lights. Some part of
the tower is chequered in flints.
The exterior is much patched, some part is chequered in flint, and
other portions of rough flinty (—!), but with a large portion brick is
intermixed. The clerestory on the north side is carved in brick of
modern work. Part of the south clerestory is concealed by the sloping
roof of the aisle. The south is better finished than the north aisle, and
has a moulded parapet. The windows of the side aisles are Perpen-
dicular, those on the south better than the north, but most are square-
headed except one of two lights at the east end of the south aisle. At
the west end of the south aisle is a corner buttress with triangular
head. The nave hason the north four pointed arches with mouldings
carried down the piers, without capitals. On the south the piers are
octagonal. The clerestory windows are square-headed, of two lights
with labels. The exterior of the north transept has two gables, but
all the windows on the north side are bad and modern. ‘The chapel is
of poor work and does not open by an arch within, except by a small
one to the north aisle.
In the chancel arch is a late and poor wood screen. The chancel is
superior in beauty to the nave and has some good Decorated windows,
two on each side of two lights—one on the south is square-headed and
verging in character towards Perpendicular ; beneath it are three
ascending sedilia, which are either unfinished or mutilated ; the arches
plain with pier of (—?) and in onea stone elbow. Eastward of them
is an ogee canopied niche with stone shelf and piscina. Some of the
chancel windows have good coloured glass. The east window is
mutilated and the wall for the most part rebuilt in brick. The fittings
of the interior are far from elegant.
180 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
Burcombe, North. S. John. [August, 1849.] A small Church, con- —
sisting of a chancel and nave, with low tower on the south, which
forms a porch. ‘The east end presents externally a complete course of
long-and-short work, and is so far remarkable. The west window was
once a double lancet, but all other features of the Church are very
ordinary Third Pointed, or else indefinite from their plainness. The
chancel arch is very small and pointed, dying into the wall. On the
south side is a window of two trefoiled lights. Some others are square-
headed, some modern. The east window is closed. On the south of
the chancel is a small rude piscina in shape of a semicircle. Near the
south door is a stoup. The font a cylindrical bowl.
Calne. 8S. Mary. [April 27th, 1850.] A large Church of considerable
pretensions, consisting of a nave and chancel, each with aisles, north |
and south porches, and a tower on the north side occupying the place
of a transept. There are portions of various styles ; the arcades of |
the nave being Norman and First Pointed, but nearly all the exterior is —
Third Pointed ; there are indications of considerable changes having
been made in the arrangement, and the chancel and tower are very
late, almost in a debased style. The arcades of the nave are irregular
and rather low. ‘The four western bays are Norman,with semicircular |
arches having square edges, some of the hoods toothed, and some |
billeted. All on the south are of the former kind. The piersare short |
and cylindrical; one on the north filled with a kind of bead ornament. |
The fifth arch is First Pointed, with mouldings and toothed hood. The
sixth is late and of Tudor form, the capital of the pier below the spring |
of the arch. The east respond clustered shafts. This bay is clearly of |
late date. The Church seems to have been originally cruciform. There |
are short quasi transepts still to be traced, but not reaching beyond the |
aisles. It seems also possible that there was once a central tower. The |
nave has a clerestory with windows of threelights. Allthe windowsof |
the nave and aisles are Third Pointed, that at the west end and those |
of the aisles square-headed ; at the west of the aisles they are pointed, —
The chancel arch is a wide and an obtuse one, springing from square —
piers, evidently debased; over it two oval windows with quatrefoils. |
The roof of the nave has beams upon brackets which rest on corbel |
heads of very fine execution, mostly crowned and mitred; the timbers |
moulded. ‘The aisles are narrow. The nave is pewed and galleried. |
A large organ at the west end. The tower is erected on the north side |
of the quasi north transept, opening to it by a wide debased arch. ‘The |
chancel has on each side two obtuse arches, evidently debased, with |
circular pier, having square capitals. The chancel extends a little |
beyond the aisles. All this eastern portion and the tower are very late |
and scarcely pure in style. The east window isan old one, by no means |
elegant, of five lights, with two Perpendicular mullions flanking the |
centre light, a sprawling quatrefoil surmounting the latter, and a heart |
in the head of the lateral compartments; altogether a sort of bad |
Flamboyant composition. There is no piscina nor sedilia to be seen. |
The east windows of the aisles are of three lights, The font is not worth | ~
Ly Sir Stephen Glynne. 181]
notice, it has an octagonal bowl, quatrefoiled with flowers. There isa
low chapel, now a vestry, adjoining the north porch, on its east side,
which has square-headed windows anda piscina concealed in a cupboard.
The whole of the exterior is of fine stone and (—?). The south porch
is rather plain and has shafts externally in the angles. The north
porch is a fine one, having battlement and pinnacles. It has fine stone
groining with bosses; its inner door of Tudor form. ‘The outer door
has good bold mouldings and hood returned upon corbels in the form
of a rose within a star. ‘The clerestory is embattled and pinnacled, as
in the north chapel, but not the south aisle. The eastern bay of the
nave, which seems to have been once occupied by the central tower,
presents now a debased clerestory window over the arch of similar
character in the internal arcade. The south transept does extend alittle
beyond the aisle and has a moulded parapet. ‘The tower, notwith-
standing its inferior details of late work, hasa grand general appearance.
It is of four stages with battlement and eight crocketed pinnacles of
large size. ‘The windows in the different stages are of two lights
without foils; in the belfry they are double. On the north side isa
poor one of three lights and an obtuse door beneath it. The buttresses
have pinnacles on the set-offs.. ‘I'he chancel presents externally a
character far inferior to the nave and has no battlement.
The west door of the nave is of Tudor shape, with label and foliaged
spandrel. In the apex of the battlement of the west front is a fine
canopied niche upon a paneled bracket.
Castle Combe. S. Andrew. [May 25th, 1867.] An elegant Church
almost wholly Perpendicular, recently restored and practically rebuilt.
It consists of nave and chancel, each with north and south aisles, south
porch, and west tower of excellent stone masonry, of the fine local type
of North Wilts. ‘The nave has a clerestory, which has battlements and
tiled roof, lately renovated. The aisles of the chancel are also tiled.
The porch has been rebuilt; there is a good canopied niche over the
door. The tower is a remarkably fine one, has paneled battlement,
three crocketed pinnacles at angles, and at the south-east angle a lofty
octagonal stair turret with slit lights, surmounted by a pyramid. There
are two divisions by string courses. The buttresses diminish upwards,
and have rich crocketed pinnacles at the different stages. The belfry
windows of three lights have the pretty stone lattice work of the district.
Below them in the next stage are two-light windows. On the west
side is a four-light (—?) window between two canopied niches and six
pedimental canopies, being high and enriched with crockets and con-
taining figures of saints. The west doorway has a Tudor arch and
label on corbels.
In the chancel and its aisles are traces of Decorated character. The
east window of the former is odd, having four trefoliated lights, over
which is a quatrefoil ina square. The east window of the north aisle
is flowing Decorated of three lights, and the south-east window of the
chancel is Decorated, square-headed, of three lights. The west windows
182
Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
of the aisles are decorated of two lights. Everything else is Perpen-
dicular. In the aisles of the nave the windows are chiefly square-
headed, of three lights with good tracery, not quite similar, and those
of the chancel aisles are generally Perpendicular. The tower arch to
the nave is open and of very grand and tall proportions, with fine
(—?) of moulding, some continuous, some with small shafts, and
the tower has a most elegant stone ceiling with fine groining. The
nave has on each side an arcade of three fine tall arches on light stilted
piers, which have four shafts with foliaged octagonal caps. Between
the arches are angel figures bearing shields. The clerestory windows
have two lights, square-headed. The roof is new in the nave. The
aisle roofs slope and have ribs with carved bosses. The spandrels of
the chancel arch are illuminated and several windows have coloured
glass. The chancel arch is pointed, springing from corbels set very
high. The (—!) are highly enriched, some with delicate foliage, one
with figures under ogee crocketed canopies. The chancel is enclosed
by low screens and has stalls. There is a small doorway in the east
wall of the south chancel aisle. The north arch is carried quite to the
east end, the southern is not. Below the aisles of the nave and those
of the chancel in each case is a half.arch. The chancel is divided from
the north aisle by two Perpendicular arches lower than those of the nave,
but similar; from the south aisle by one wider arch. The chancel
roof is of (—?) form and illuminated with blue and gold stars, with gilt
ribs and bosses; those of the north and south aisles are also illuminated,
In the north chancel aisle, under a window, is a Perpendicular tomb,
beneath a flat arched canopy. The sides of the tomb have figures of |
religious orders beneath ogee crocketed canopies with intermediate |
pinnacles ; on the tomb is a recumbent cross-legged effigy of a knight
bearing a shield, with angels at his head. The ancient tomb is said to |
be that of Walter de Dunstanville, Baro de Castle Combe. There is |
another modern Gothic tomb to the Scropes—of fair design with brass |
plates.
The south chancel aisle is narrow, contains the organ, and a small
niche or piscina at the south-east. On this side the rood door and
steps are seen. There is a good deal of illumination at the east end of
the chancel, and a showy (?) reredos. On the south of the sacrarium
is a flat arched recess and a cross shaped orifice for piscina with four
holes, The seats are all open, and the interior has a fine effect.
The pulpit has ogee niches in each panel and is painted in fresco.
The font is a fine one, transition from Decorated to Perpendicular,
the bowl octagonal, on four shafts. On the bowl are ogee niches, and
there is a fine band of foliage intermixed with heads forming a kindof |
trellis work.
The churchyard is beautifully kept and shaded by trees. Near itis |
an ancient stone coffin. The market cross of the picturesque villageis |~
remarkable, of Perpendicular character, beneath a pinnacled canopy or |
roof having four pillars at the angles and paneling on an octagonal |
(—?) beneath, :
VOL. XLII
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 185
Charlton. S.John. Near Malmesbury. [16th Oct., 1864.] This Church
is oddly arranged ; consists of a wide nave divided by an arcade, and
two equal chancels, much lower than the former, a tower engaged at
the west end of the southern aisle, and a south porch. ‘The southern
chancel may be considered the chancel properly containing the altar.
The nave is wide and under one roof, but oddly divided into two aisles
by a central arcade, much as at Wootton Bassett, but it is probable
that this has been an alteration in the Perpendicular period, as the
arcade bespeaks an earlier period and such an arrangement of the
roof is inconsistent with the usage of that date. It is graceful
neither within nor without. The external effect is sprawling and
confuses the outline. The outer walls of the western portion have
been raised and have embattled parapets, and nearly all the
windows late Perpendicular insertions, some rather debased. But
on the south one single trefoil headed lancet, a frequent Wiltshire
feature, remains, and a corresponding lancet on the north not trefoil
headed, and both set high in the wall. The northern windows have
mostly four lights and are square-headed. ‘There was once a north
porch, now replaced by a modern vestry. The south porch has stone
seats, the inner doorway has a flat arch and over it are ogee niches.
The tower has a debased look, is without buttresses, has an octagonal
turret for stairs on its south side, and an open parapet with pierced
quatrefoils and four poor pinnacles. The two upper stages divided by
string courses, the belfry and other windows late and debased. ‘The
west front at present looks ugly from the alteration of the roof of the
northern aisle, the wall of which is now (—?) with that of the tower,
whether originally so is doubtful.
The unusual arrangement within is increased by what has the
appearance of two towers at the west end of each aisle. The actual
tower is upon pointed arches with continuous moulding open on the
north and west, and a corresponding arch is added at the west of the
north aisle, as if there were also a tower there. The nave arcade is
semi-Norman, has four round arches of chamfered orders, upon tall
circular columns having octagonal caps, some with rude foliage, some
with the kind of volute seen in the Norman work. The arches open-
ing from the two bodies to the two chancels are similar, pointed, with
continuous mouldings, but the separation of the chancel is made
almost complete by the pew of the Earl of Suffolk, which, though not
raised, extends nearly across the whole breadth of the body at its
eastern end, leaving only a small space to pass somewhat obliquely
into the proper chancel.
This pew is apparently Jacobean and has some good wood carving,
and is enclosed by a fine screen, heavy but handsome with arched com-
partments, the arches fringed, and various figures upon the pillars.
Behind thep ew is the rood screen, of tolerable Perpendicular woodwork,
running across the whole width.
The southern chancel is clearly original and has a trefoil headed
lancet on the south-west. The east window of the same is poor Perpen-
dicular of two lights. The northern chancel is a private chapel and
NO. CXXXVIII. O
184 Notes on Wrltshire Churches.
burying place of the Earls of Suffolk. The arch between the two has
been removed, and the space is now occupied by a gorgeous tomb of
Elizabethan character, having recumbent figures of a knight and lady
beneath a rich canopy supported by Corinthian columns. ‘There is
much arabesque ornamentation and there are small kneeling figures.
About the tomb appear the initials A.K. E.K.
The north chancel or chapel has a,square-headed two-light window _
on the north and a late doorway. ‘The east window hasan earlier
character, apparently early Decorated ; two trefoil headed lights under
an arch, and a quatrefoil abovethem. The jambs externally have good
mouldings.
The font has a circular bowl with two courses of moulding, one
having a kind of knob, one a rope ornament; the stem octagonal, and
not fitting, altogether of doubtful character and (—1).
The mother Church of Westport and both its daughter Churches(at |
Charlton and Brokenborough) are arranged nearly alike, each having |
one aisle to the nave of equal width and scarcely distinguishable, as to
which is nave and which aisle. But at Westport theaisle is extended
‘along the chancel, which is now undivided, perhaps through modern
alteration. At Brokenborough there is no aisle to the Chancel, while
at Charlton there are two similar chancels each divided from the
corresponding nave or body.
There is a large amount of ivy on the outer walls of Charlton Church.
Cheverell Parva. 8. Peter. [May 13th, 1859.] A small Church having |
a single nave, and chancel, and western tower, and north porch. The |
condition is good, it having been lately repaired, and the nave fitted
with neat open seats. The nave has Decorated windows of two lights.
The east window of the chancel Decorated also, of three lights, recently
restored. ‘lhe chancel arch is pointed, springing at once from the
wall. The roofs arched and also the porch. The tower arch is pointed,
very plain and narrow. ‘The tower small and low, with a pointed roof |
of tiles, has on the west a moulded doorway, a three-light Perpendicular |
window, over which is a foliaged bracket and single belfry openings.
The ones of the chancel have crosses.
The font is Perpendicular, an octagonal bow] panneled with quatre:
foils on octagonal stem. On the north of the chancel is a vestry.
Chilmark. S. Margaret. [30th July, 1849.] A cruciform Church without |
aisles, having a tower and lofty stone spire in the centre. ‘There are |
some First Pointed features in the chancel, the rest is mostly Third |
Pointed. The chancel has on the north a First Pointed corbel table |
and two lancets ; on the south a better corbel table of masks, etc., and |
three lancets. ‘he east window is of three lancets within a pointed |
arch. There is a south porch, and on the north of the nave a Norman
door. The south door is Third Pointed with pretty good mouldings. |
There are square-headed windows of two lights, of Middle Pointed |
character in the nave. The transepts are short and have some poor |
windows ; one in the south transept is of three-foiled light in a pointed |~
arch. The tower rises upon four Pointed arches which die into the | ~
By Sir Stephen Glynne, 185
walls, and under the tower is stone groining with ribs but no boss.
In the east wall of the south transept is a shallow arched recess,
cinquefoiled, also two brackets, and (—?) near the south door. In the
chancel the sill of one of the southern windows forms a ledge, ending
in a flower. At the south-east angle is a bracket formed by a head,
and under it a rude niche, probably a piscina, with octagonal projecting
ledge. ‘There is some mediocre stained glass in the chancel. In the
south transept a piscina formed of a cylindrical basin on a stem, with
square base having chamfered angles. There is an organ, a Jacobean
pulpit, and poor stalls in the chancel, the improvements in the Church
having been made too soon. The tower is Middle Pointed, has a
moulded parapet and two-light belfry window. ‘The spire octagonal,
banded but not ribbed, of very nice proportions.
Chippenham. §8. Andrew. [April 18th, 1847.] The plan is a nave and
chancel, each with south aisle, a south chapel and porch, and a western
tower with spire. The whole of good stone, and the external appearance
chiefly Third Pointed. ‘There are, however, earlier portions. The
tower is First Pointed in its two lower stages, having flat buttresses
and obtuse single lancets, and a west door having fair First Pointed
mouldings and shafts, but the hood is returned in a square containing
a rose, having a later appearance. ‘The belfry story has debased
windows, and a pierced paneled Third Pointed parapet, as at Corsham,
but below it is a First Pointed corbel table. The spire is not extremely
lofty and Third Pointed, has a cincture of paneling, and canopied spire
lights near the upper part. At the angles of the tower are pinnacles.
On the north side of the nave the wall is partially stuccoed and the
windows are debased. The south side has rather a rich appearance,
the chapel having pinnacles set diagonally on the set-off of the buttresses
and a fine cornice of angels with shields under the battlement. The
chancel has a very fine paneled battlement and pinnacles richer than
the nave. ‘lhe windows on this side are mostly large Third Pointed
ones of four lights ; those at the east and west of five lights, the latter
mutilated, the former very fine. The south porch has a Tudor door
and a stair turret in the angle. There is the usual small projection on
the north side near the east end of the nave for a rood staircase. The
north side of the chancel is quite plain, has a three-light Third Pointed
window lychnoscope which is of a kind of mixed Middle and Third
Pointed character. ‘There is a trace of an obtuse arch in the wall
blocked, and there is a vestry which is modern. The east window is
Third Pointed of four lights, and there is a cross in the gable.
The interior has much suffered in its appearance, the original arcade
of the nave being removed and modern columns substituted. ‘There is
a modern ceiling, sadly low, and a very large organ in the west gallery,
to admit which it has been necessary to make an opening in the ceiling.
The chancel arch is late Romanesque and fine, especially on its western
face, having beautiful mouldings and bold chevron ornament, the outer
moulding engrailed ; the shafts are large, with abaci to the capitals and
chevron down the jambs. On the south is a hagioscope, obliquely set
Ons
186 Notes on Wiltshire Charches.
with an ogee arch facing west with cinquefoil feathering. The chancel
aisle opens to the chancel by two elegant Third Pointed arches with
the usual piers. The shafts on stilted octagonal bases, with elegant
capitals of foliage. The south chapel has a very fine east window of
five lights, with transom and double feathering, beneath which is a
Jabel upon corbels, which looks as if it had beenadoor. The other
windows of this chapel have internally paneled soffits. In it there is
also a piece of the original flat paneled ceiling still visible ; it is painted
blue with gilt stars. There isan arch between the aisle of the nave and
that of the chancel. The font is modern. Over the vestry door on the
north of the chancel is a fine piece of paneling with embattled cornice
. —whether part of a screen is not certain.
Codford St. Mary. [26th May, 1863.] A nice Church lately restored
and in excellent condition, consisting of a nave with south aisle, |
chancel with south aisle, a south porch and western tower. Theaisles |
to both nave and chancel are an addition to the original plan, and are |
divided by an arcade of pointed arches on octagonal pillars in the nave. |
The arch between the two aisles and between the chancel and aisle are |
pointed and continuous. The windows on the south are new ones of |
Decorated character and of two lights.
The chancel arch is Early English and pointed on shafts with |
capitals of rude sculpture. On the north of the chancel are two Early |
English lancets, the east window, Perpendicular, having some stained |
glass. The interior is fitted with nice open benches. |
The font has a plain circular bowl, with moulding round the rim |
upon a stone (—%).
The pulpit is Jacobean. The tower arch is pointed, rising straight |
from the wall. ‘The tower is Perpendicular and embattled, has corner |
buttresses, a string course, belfry windows of two lights, and on the |
west side a three-light window. a
Nave 36ft. long, 14ft. 2in. wide; chancel 21ft. 9in. long, 13ft. lin. |
wide.
Codford St. Peter. [May 26th, 1863.] This Church has only a nave |
and chancel, with west tower and south porch. The masonry of the |
south side of the nave is good and both nave and porch are embattled. |
This portion, as well as the tower, seem to be Perpendicular. The |”
porch has a continuous arch as the outer doorway. The north side has |
a plain parapet and is mantled with ivy. The windows on the south |
side are labeled. ‘The arms and crests of the Hungerfords may be seen
sculptured on the wall on the south side. The interior is untidy, dis- |
figured by unsightly pews and galleries which are particularly cumber-
some in so narrow a Church. It is, however, hoped that improvements)
will shortly be effected similar to those which have made the interior]
of Codford St. Mary so satisfactory and graceful. The nave and) |
chancel are now both ceiled. The chancel arch is semi-circular and
probably early Norman, very plain and without mouldings or imposts,|
There are three ascending sedilia on the south of the chancel which)
appear to be of Decorated character but not rich, having trefoil heads ,
By Sir Stephen Glynne. LS
surmounted by pedimental hoods having finials and corbels. In the
chancel the windows are various, the eastern debased, of three lights
and square-headed ; on the south Perpendicular, one of two lights and
square-headed, the other of three lights. On the north one single light
trefoiled, one plain Perpendicular of two lights. The organ is placed
in the chancel. In the nave the windows are Perpendicular of two
lights, set high in the wall, after the fashion of a clerestory. ‘The font
has a square bowl, on a circular stem with base. Itis Norman and has
sculpture in two tiers, representing flowered and star mouldings, also
a kind of scroll. The tower arch is continuous and masked by the
gallery. The tower is ordinary Perpendicular with good battlement
and four crocketed pinnacles, the belfry windows of two lights and
there is a large stair turret at the north-east angle, encroaching on the
belfry window. In the stage below the belfry a plain slit-like opening.
The west window of three lights and mutilated.
Nave 43ft. 6in. long, 184ft. wide ; chancel 26ft. 8in. long, 174ft. wide.
ollingbourne Ducis. This Church has a west tower, which is small
and remarkable for not being square, a nave with side aisles, south
porch, and chancel. ‘The nave and aisles have one general leaded roof
without clerestory or parapet. ‘The south porch is of brick. The tower
is Perpendicular, of small size, three stages in height, but much larger
from north to south than from east to west. The general features of it
much resemble the tower of Collingbourne Kingston. ‘The material is
a mixture of flint and stone. ‘There are projecting corbels, corner
buttresses, and a square staircase turret on the south, reaching two
stages in height. The parapet embattled, and there are four small
crocketed pinnacles. There is no west door. ‘The west window of
three lights. The belfry windows vary a little on the different sides.
The body of the Church is stuccoed and on the north side are very few
windows. ‘The south porch of brick. The aisles are narrow and each
divided from the nave by three Early English arches, of which the
northern are plainer than the southern, the pillars all circular; those
on the north have octagonal capitals, some with inverted and other
ornaments. Like those of Collingbourne Kingston. On the south the
capitals are square—with varied mouldings—one having heads at the
angles. The responds resemble the piers. ‘The tower arch has con-
tinuous mouldings. The chancel arch is low, pointed, springing
from clustered columns. ‘The windows of the south aisle are square-
headed and Perpendicular. On the north is one of two trefoil lights
in a square. ‘he interior is rather dark. The chancel is open except
for two ugly pews. The east window has three trefoiled lancets within
a pointed arch. On the south is one Decorated of two lights with
trefoil head. Another consists of two trefoil lights with quatrefoil
above, between them, decidedly Karly English.
In the chancel on a slab is engraved an inscription and figure of a
child, ‘“‘ Edw. Saint Maur, 4th son of W™. Saint Maur Earl of Hertford,
born 1630 died 1631.” ‘here are English verses also inscribed.
The font is a circular cup on a cylindrical shaft. The pulpit cloth is
crimson, with date 1752.
188
Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
Collingbourne Kingston. This Church has a nave with side aisles,
Combe Bisset. 8. Michael. [Feb. 20th, 1872.] The Church has nave)
and south porch, a chancel, and a good tower at the west end of the nave.
The tower is Perpendicular, three stories high, with a fine battlement,
paneled with quatrefoils and four small pinnacles with an ugly kind of
foliage at the top of each. Under the parapet a band with square —
flowers, the belfry windows square-headed of three lights, with label,
and label (?)on shields. On the south side of the tower a small projecting
turret. The side aisles are leaded, without a parapet, the Church tiled.
The whole stuccoed externally, except the tower. ‘The porch, leaded,
is entered by a Tudor arch doorway, the doorway within it has a smal]
pedestal for an image above it. The clerestory is an ugly modern —
addition, of brick, with circular windows. |
The nave is divided from each aisle by Early English arches, but _
differing on the two sides. On the north are three of considerable |
width, especially that next the east, the two western columns are circular |
and very large, having octagonal capitals, one with a kind of im |
verted ornament, the other with foliage of a stiff and early character. |
The eastern arch springs from a semi-octagonal shaft attached to the |
pier, and the responds at each end have the rude foliage. On |
the south are four equal pointed arches, with circular column, one |
having a moulded capital, the others charged with a kind of inverted |
ornament, but varying and evidently early in the style. ‘The responds |
are similar. The tower arch is pointed with continuous mouldings. |
The windows of the side aisles Perpendicular of two lights. ‘The |
chancel arch is a very fine Early English one, having deep and beautiful |
mouldings, much superior to those of the other arches, and clustered |
shafts with capitals of rich foliage, some of which, however, are much |
mutilated. ‘The chancel is large, its windows verging to Decorated, |
the side ones of two lights, the eastern of three lights, with plain |
mullions and no foils. ‘here is in the chancel a curious brass, the |
inscription on a plate and only a female figure, space being left for |
another which evidently was never executed, as only the death oi the
wife is recorded in the inscription :— |
Orate pro aiabs Constantini Darell armigi qui
obit... %. dies. > 2 a® dni, MCCCC etsiolaning
uxor elus que obiit viijdie Decembs a® dni
MCCCCLXXXXV. qr. aiabus ppiciet’ de’
On the south side of the altar is a vast monument of the 17th century,
of marbles painted and gilt and the canopy rising nearly to the ceiling, |
It commemorates Sir Gabriel Pile, of Collingbourne and Anne, his
wife, the figures are very large. A.D. 1628 and 1640.
The font is octagonal, on a stem of like form, and very plain.
with aisles, chancel, north and south transeptal chapels, the tower |
forming the south transept, and south porch.
Chancel, 27ft. long, 14ft. 4in. broad. Nave, 41ft. long, 39ft. wide. |
The materials, chiefly flints, with stone dressings, and in some parts
chequered, especially the chancel. The north arcade of the nave has)
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 189
‘three Perpendicular arches with lozenge piers having alternate shafts
and hollows. The bases stilted, and the shafts have octagonal capitals.
The nave has on the south two plain Norman arches with chamfers
and a large circular pier, having square capital with sculpture of foliage
and other things. East of the two Norman arches is a pointed arch
Opening to the tower transept which seems Early English. The pillar
between that and the Norman arches of the nave is very massive and
the arch is on plain imposts. An arch is thrown from each pier across
the south aisle.
The west respond is indented ; the east has chamfered angles, with
flowers. ‘The clerestory has Perpendicular square-headed windows of
two lights. The roof is new and has pierced tracery. ‘Those of the
aisles have lean-to roofs. Between each aisle and transept is a Tudor-
shaped arch. ‘The west window is Perpendicular of three lights ; those
of the aisles and transepts also Perpendicular, of two and three lights,
some square-headed. ‘lhe doorway within the south porch has semi-
_ circular arch with toothed ornament in the hood. ‘There is also an
arch stretching across the aisle, in the south aisle near the porch. The
tower has on its north-east a polygonal stair turret. The tower forms
the south transept, opening by a plain pointed arch on square imposts
and one Early English arch to the nave.
The seats are new and all open. ‘The pulpit, of stone, is also new.
The chancel arch is pointed and stilted, springing at once from the
wall. On the north of the chancel are two lancets. On the south are
two Perpendicular square-headed windows of two lights. At the east
a Perpendicular window of three lights. On the south a priest’s door
and double piscina having two plain pointed arches, with continuous
mouldings. ‘The chancel is stalled. ‘The font is Early English, has
circular cup-shaped bow] on stem, with four legs. The south aisle has
embattled parapet and intended (?) pinnacles. The north aisle is also
embattled. The toweris Perpendicular, has battlement and octagonal
turret at the north-east, two string courses, four pinnacles, a three-light
window and belfry windows of two lights.
Corsham. [Feb. 12th, 1845.] A large and interesting Church, with
|
|
i
f
|
portions of every style and consisting of a large nave and chancel, each
with side aisles, a south porch, and a tower rising from the centre
between the nave and chancel, but without transepts. The tower is
’ chiefly Early English, of large size, having lancet windows above the
roof of the nave, and in the belfry some of Decorated character. ‘The
parapet moulded; and there are four pinnacles round the base of a
stone spire which has been destroyed by a storm.
The south porch has a (—?) embattled and a stone groined roof
with two canopied niches on the outer entrance and on the west side,
and on the east side of the porch are additions made in 1611 in (—?)
style. The whole is built of good stone. The nave and aisles of con-
siderable width, with separate roofs and three equal west gables. At
the west end of each aisle is a Decorated-light window. There are
Perpendicular windows in the south aisle and an upper storey of
190 = Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
square-headed ones along some part of it, added 1631. The nave has
no clerestory, but some dormer windows of debased kind are added in
the roof. On the north side are some Decorated windows with rich
angel corbels to the hoods. The chancel and its south chapel or aisle
have high tiled roofs. The latter has Perpendicular windows of four
lights. The north chapel has also Perpendicular windows which are
of three lights, the eastern one very long. ‘The east window of the-
chancel is Perpendicular, between two mutilated niches internally.
The interior, though spacious, and (—?) is very sadly blockaded by
hideous pews and galleries of all sizesand shapes. The nave is divided
from each aisle by four plain Norman arches with circular columns
having square abaci, and the common kind of capital.
The roofs are covered and ribbed in square panels. The tower rises
upon four low pointed Early English (arches) having large pillars
and springing from shafts having capitals like those at Slymbridge, |
in Gloucestershire, except the eastern arch, in which Perpendicular
mouldings have been inserted. ‘here are similar Early English |
arches between the aisles and the quasi transepts. ‘The chancel |
with its aisles or chapels appears to be entirely Perpendicular. The |
north chapel is divided from it by two wide pointed arches, the south |
(—?) two with paneled continuous soffits and a tall pier. Thenorth —
chapel is enclosed by a freestone screen having open tracery, an ogee
door, and an elegant fan groining. Without are two fine Perpendicular
tombs. One very large with panels and crocketed niches with shields
commemorates Sir John Hannam. At the east side is the raised
platform for an altar. Its roof is covered with openribs. Against the
south pier of the chancel is a tomb.
The tower has a stone groined ceiling within, and within the east
arch of the tower, forming the entrance to the chancel, is a low
stone screen. Over the east end of the chancel is a flat paneled ceiling, —
On the north side of the altar beyond the aisle is a three-light Perpen-
dicular window and there are indications of a paneled reredos, mostly
concealed (?) by modern wainscoting. There are some good carved —
benches and desks in the chancel. In the south chapel is a paneled |
ceiling and its east end is enclosed by a wood screen resembling that |
of a rood-loft. 15
The font (now in the south chancel) is Perpendicular, having an |
octagonal quatrefoil bowl. |
There is a large organ at the west end of the nave, the pulpitin |
(arch ?) fashion, bestrides the centre avenue of the nave.
Cricklade St. Sampson. [1842.] This isa very interesting and spacious |
Church with a variety of fine work. The planiscruciform, The nave |~
has aisles of unequal size, and from the centre rises a very magnificent |
Perpendicular tower. The nave and aisles exhibit Early English and |
Decorated work—the tower is Perpendicular of very rich work and some |
peculiarities. The transepts are narrow, the chancel not very spacious | —
but has a chapel on the south, now a vestry, of late Perpendicular |~
character, having a fine battlement and four-light window ; at the east |
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 19
angle a singular flying buttress; within a beautiful canopied niche.
The west front is irregular. The nave and the north aisle, each of
which is very wide, have separate gables. The south aisle is narrow
and its west end a continuation of the gable of the nave. The parapets are
plainly moulded, and there is one along the south side of the nave above
the aisle roof. The west doorway has pretty good arch moulding and
shafts, and, together with a large portion of the Church, is of transition
character from Early Mnglish to Decorated. The west windows of the
have and south aisle are nearly similar and most of those in the south
aisle are of like character, of three lights trefoiled and a dripstone
above, with circles above the heads of the lateral arches. Under the
west window of the nave is a string course and it is set rather high in
the wall. The two other west windows are much less so ; the northern
a very magnificent Decorated window of five lights;—and two others
on the north side. In the same aisle are also Decorated (windows) of
three lights with extremely beautiful tracery. ‘lhe north porch is
plain. A south doorway has good arch mouldings and shafts of
the transition style. ‘The north transept has a battlement ; that of the
south transept is unfinished. ‘The stone work of the south chapel of
the chancel and of the tower is excellent :—the rest coarser and earlier,
The tower externally is at once singular and magnificent—it has an
octagonal turret at each angle, which are finely paneled in the upper
stages, as well as the whole of the tower, in an unusually rich style.
Both the tower and the corner turrets are embattled and the latter
crowned by lofty pyramids with ribs and bands. ‘The battlement of
the tower is of pierced paneling. Between the two stages of the tower
is a cornice or (—?) with waved circles, rather a foreign style, and
the lower part of the tower above the Church roof has three-light
windows. In this stage the corner turrets are charged with niches.
The nave, which is of some width, is divided from each aisle by three
pointed arches, which are of Early English character. ‘The piers are
flat-faced with shafts attached, some of which are clustered and havea
later character ; others are almost Norman. ‘The southern arches are
very dissimilar in shape and one of the piers on that side is of clustered
shafts of almost Decorated character. There is no clerestory. ‘The
roof of the nave has beams upon pierced spandrels, which are set on
angel figures bearing shields. ‘The south aisle has a wood-paneled
roof and carved cornice. Near the east end of this aisle is a trefoiled
niche with shelf and piscina and a hagioscope. The windows of the
south aisle, which are just emerging from Early English, have good
arch mouldings and shafts within. ‘There are detestable pews of all
shapes and sizes and galleries inserted in some of the arches, as well as
one at the west end which contains a broken organ. The north aisle
is wide and of beautiful architecture, its splendid west window and
two others have (—2), and it has also two long lancets with fine
mouldings and shafts internally. In this aisle is also a beautiful ogee
arch in the wall, having a finial and small crockets, and flanked by
pinnacles. It has bold feathering and ball-flowering (?) in the moulding ;
beneath it a tomb sculptured with a range of quatrefoils. Perhaps the
192
Cricklade St. Mary. This is rather a small Church—having a low west —
Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
most striking feature in the Church is the magnificent interior of the
tower, which is open to a considerable height, including one storey
above the roof of the body. The tower rises upon four rather narrow
but lofty pointed arches, which spring from half octagonal brackets.
Above each arch there is a variety of rich paneling with quatrefoils and
several shields with armorial bearings and emblems in excellent pre-
servation. ‘There is also on each side a window of three lights with
late tracery and on the east side a niche. The ceiling is finely groined
in stone and has ribs and foliated bosses, the ribs springing from shafts
in the angles. ‘There are also several niches in the piers and the whole
has a very splendid appearance. Another most remarkable feature is
the rich stone work on each side of the western arch of the tower
facing the nave, which seems to be the beginning of an intended stone
screen or rood-loft across the arch. The whole space on each side is
enriched with the finest stone paneling with niches, vine-leaf cornice,
and a (—?) of Tudor flower. In the niches are large and rich pedestals
for statues, and just above the lower part a small embattled cornice.
There are also shields with the arms of Powlett. ‘This work is perhaps
unique.
The north transept has a Perpendicular three-light window and
containing a rude niche in the east wall with shelf and drain. ‘There
is also a trefoil one with the same appendages in the south transept,
which opens to the chapel south of the chancel by a Tudor arch, now |
walled. In the south transept is the font, which seems to be Per- |
pendicular. The chancel is Decorated, of very early character, with
three-light windows and cinquefoil in the upper parts of them. ‘The
chancel is kept closed by an iron railing (—?). ‘The arch to the south |
chapel is closed.
tower, a nave with side aisles, south porch, and chancel. The western — |
portion is late Perpendicular. ‘The tower very plain, the windows of
the nave of ordinary character, and mostly square-headed. ‘The nave |
is divided from each aisle by three wide Tudor arches upon tall |
octagonal columns with high bases. ‘The aisles are very low. ‘The
arch to the chancel is a fine Norman one, with chevron and other
ornaments and shafts, but frightfully covered with yellow wash. The
chancel is evidently altogether of Norman origin, and has at its east
end a small single window of that character set high in the wall.
South of the altar is what appears to be a Norman piscina—a plain |
half arch in the wall with basin and drain below, There is alsoa |
lancet on the north side. On the south are two early windows varying |
from Early English to Decorated, one being two trefoil lancets with
circle between the heads, the other a double lancet (no dripstones). |
There is a north aisle to the chancel opening by a Tudor arch, but not |
reaching to the end. ‘There is an ornamental wood cornice beneath |
the roof of the aisles. The font is a circular basin, moulded, on a |
cylinder which stands upon an octagonal base. The Church is sadly |
encumbered with pews, especially one on the south of the nave |
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 193
belonging to the Vicar. The pulpit has carving in wood of about
1600. The chancel is mantled with ivy. In the churchyard is an
unusually elegant cross with a tabernacle in its upper part with
sculpture representing the Crucifixion and other subjects, each in a
niche.
Dauntsey. S. James. [Oct. 15th, 1864.] This Church has nave with
north and south aisles, chancel with north chapel, south porch, and
west tower.
The tower was built 1630, as is recorded in an inscription, and hasa
fair outline, but as might be expected, of debased Gothic details, with
four pinnacles. There is no clerestory. The roofs of good pitch. The
south aisle has a corbel table just beneath the parapet. The walls are
much covered with ivy. ‘The porch is plain; the outer doorway has
strong plain mouldings. Within the porch is a curious doorway of
rather singular form : the arch is of flat segmental form upon cushion
capitals without shafts, making a semi-Norman character. The tower
arch to the nave is pointed, on octagonal shafts. The nave has on each
side an arcade of four rather odd stilted arches, on octagonal pillars
with caps. The roof has tie beamsand king posts. The windows of
the aisles have mostly two trefoil-headed lights. At the east of the
south aisle is an early Decorated one of three lights, with quatrefoils
in the tracery. ‘There is no chancel arch, but a wood screen of plainest
Perpendicular woodwork. ‘the chancel roof has tie beams, but is
coved, and over the east end and over the rood loft is boarded and
ribbed.
The chancel preserves the ancient stalls. ‘The east window is Per-
pendicular. On the south of the chancel is one square-headed of four
lights and two narrower ones of two lights. In the north-east and
east windows are considerable fragments of good stained glass of the
15th century, some heraldic and some inscriptions, as “‘Sancta Anna,
ora pro nobis,” and “Sancta Dei genetrix ”(—?). In the chancel south
of the altar is a fine tomb of the late Perpendicular character to Sir
John Danvers, who married the heiress of Straddling and acquired the
manor of Dauntsey ; the date 1525. The tomb is paneled and sur-
mounted by a high canopy (the whole of marble) groined on the
underside with flat arches and flanked by concave shafts surmounted
by high pinnacles. There are some angel figures, some supporting
Shields. At the back is a brass with inscription partly mutilated, ‘‘ I
pray you of your charite in the worship of the Trinity, for an ——,”
also some English verse and a portrait.
On the north of the chancel is another fine late Perpendicular tomb
to Sir John Danvers and Ann, his wife, panelled, with shields and
having brass figures on the slab. The north chapel looks as if it had
been built in debased period, but imitating ancient work ; has a quasi-
Decorated east window; the others of two ogee lights. It contains
some gorgeous marble monuments ; one to Henry Danvers, Earl of
Danby, obit. 1643, with some English verses ; another to the Earl of
Peterborough. In this chapel is preserved an ancient stone coffin ;
194
Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
also a rude painting on wood. Between this chapel and the chancel is
a continuous pointed arch. The chancel extends eastward of it.
The font is a plain octagon.
Within the sacrarium is an incised slab with figures of knight and
lady rudely executed.
Devizes St. John. This is a large and handsome cruciform Church, of
which the nave is Rectilinear, but the transepts, chancel, and tower, —
especially the two latter, present fine specimens of Norman work. The
nave is plain, and the west end has been modernised, the windows
three lights. There are five pointed arches on each side dividing it
from the aisles, the piers of which are formed of four clustered shafts
in lozenge form; the northern arches lean out of the perpendicular,
and there is no clerestory. ‘The walls of the transepts are Norman, and
have plain flat buttresses, and at the ends two heights of Norman
windows now walled up, with chevron work in the dripstones ; the
upper tier consists of only one window near the apex of the gable.
There is also a string of billet ornament but several Rectilinear win-
dows have been inserted. The tower is of irregular form, being not
square, but much larger from north to south than from east to west;
it is massive in its proportions, and very rich in Norman ornament,
having two tiers of windows above the roof. On the east and west |
sides the upper tier has four semi-circular arches, springing from
shafts, and alternately sub-divided into two smaller arches by a cen- —
tral shaft and pierced for windows. Beneath these isa string course
of rope ornament, and the lower tier contains two semi-circular arched
windows, with shafts and chevron work in the dripstone, below which
is a string with billet ornament. On the north and south sides the
upper tier has only three, and the lower one arch. There is a large
circular turret at the north-west angle, the parapet is embattled, with |
a pinnacle at each corner of later date. The tower is supported on four |
arches opening to the nave, chancel, and transepts, those on the east
and west are semi-circular, and spring from clustered shafts having the
abacus to the capitals worked with a chevronornament. These arches
are enriched with the chevron ornament in the mouldings. ‘The north
and south arches are pointed. The chancel bas the roof groined in
stone, and coeval with the other portions. It has the ribs simply
crossing each other, with a plain top at the intersection, and springing
from shafts having rich capitals with the rope ornament and scrolls.
On the north side is a Norman window with chevron ornament in the
mouldings. On each side of the chancel is a chapel of Rectilinear |
character each opening to the transepts by a pointed arch with paneled |
soffit ; the windows are of good character, and the south chapel has a |
beautiful paneled battlement, and the east end surmounted by a rich |
niche, that formerly contained an image; the buttresses are (—%) by |
pinnacles, and beneath the battlement runs a cornice with square pieces |
of foliage and grotesque spouts. There is an excellent organ at the |
west end of the nave.
Devizes St. Mary. ‘This is a handsome Church consisting of a lofty |
|
|
|
!
|
\
'
By Sur Stephen Glynne. 195
nave with side aisles and clerestory, a chancel, and a fine tower at the
west end. The whole of the nave and the tower are Rectilinear of
excellent character, but the chancel is Norman. ‘The tower is a par-
ticularly good specimen of beautiful, yet simple, work, the buttresses
are very well grouped, and enriched in the several stages with crocketed
pinnacles, the belfry windows are double, the parapet is embattled and
at each angle rises a crocketed pinnacle; to the south side is attached
an octagonal turret, the whole of very fine proportions and built of
excellent stone. ‘The clerestory and side aisle are embattled, the former
has buttresses surmounted by crocketed pinnacles, and the east gable
crowned by a high and rich canopied niche containing a statue. On
the north side of this gable is an octagonal turret. The windows north
of the aisles and clerestory are principally of three lights. ‘The south
porch is lofty, but is open to the roof. Within itis an Early English
doorway, having deep and rich bands of moulding with the chevron
ornament and shafts. ‘This is the only trace of early work about the
nave. The interior is very lofty, and has a rich wood roof, the inter-
stices filled with pierced tracery, and the whole much enriched with
square flower. Upon this roof is a black letter inscription which is
very valuable, as it gives the date of the erection of this part of the
Church, and is quite perfect.
“ Orate pro aia Willi Smythe qui ha
eccliam fieri fecit, qui obiit primo die
mensis Junii anno dni mille CCCCXXXVI.”
The nave has upon each side five pointed arches with octagonal
pillars. The tower is lofty and fine. The arch to the chancel has the
soffit paneled. The chancel itself is a good Norman specimen ; the
buttresses flat, and beneath the roof a kind of billet cornice. The roof
is vaulted in stone with plain but strong ribs, which spring from
clustered shafts set against the wall, having each of them good capitals
with the square abacus enriched with an embattled ornament, and the
rope ornament in some of-the capitals. The windows of the chancel
are mostly Rectilinear insertions. One of the doors has good wood
carving. In the churchyard is a Rectilinear altar tomb with the sides
paneled.
Ditteridge. This small Church consists only of a nave and chancel, a
small open bell gable rising from the east end of the former. There
is a south porch mantled with ivy, having a plain moulded arch and a
curious open timber roof. Within this porch is a curious and probably
very early doorway. The door itself has a flat head upon imposts ; and
above is a considerable quantity of rude stone work included within a
round arch raised high up. ‘The arch is ornamented with a series of
rude sculpture, representing a kind of scrolls or perhaps serpents
twisting, within which are heads. ‘he imposts supporting the hort-
zontal course of stone above the door are charged respectively with (1)
a dragon about which is a quantity of bead ornament, (2) an ass laden,
and also with covered heads. On the north side of the nave is a small
196 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
projection with door near to where the pulpit is. Another northern ~
doorway is stopped. The windows on the north of the nave are square-
headed with label—and also that at the west end. On the south of
the nave is one of two lights with rather elegant tracery and good
mouldings, which may bea transition from Decorated to Perpendicular,
The chancel arch is pointed and very narrow, on octagonal brackets.
On the south side of the altar is a straight-sided niche with moulding,
containing a stone shelf and piscina, and in the south side of the nave
is a square recess. The font is Norman, a cylinder with a band round
it, on octagonal base, and some common Norman mouldings. There
is a small organ in the chancel. ‘The roof covered with stone slates.
Downton. This is a fine spacious Church in the form of a cross, with a
lofty tower in the centre. The nave has side aisles, but the chancel
has none, though very large. The walls are mostly of flints, but partly
chequered with stone. There is no battlement, the transept gables have
stone crosses. The chancel has been disfigured externally by brick
work, and a modern parapet. The windows of the south aisle are
square-headed and of late character. In the same aisle is a small pointed
doorway within a very narrow porch, between two buttresses. The
tower is lofty, the lowest part Norman, with plain windows on the
north and south, the upper part Perpendicular with modern battlement
and pinnacles. ‘The north aisle has a sloping tiled roof, and that of
the nave is also tiled, without a clerestory. The northern windows
are small and late. That at the west end of four lights, but the tracery
gone. ‘The nave is divided from each aisle by five pointed arches of |
Karly English character, but varying from each other. ‘The three |
western arches are low and plain ; the two eastern tall and wide. The
western piers are cylindrical and very massive with square capitals
having the inverted ornament. The eastern are lofty and light, but of |
circular form, clearly much later in the style. There are low pointed |
arches opening from the side aisles to the transepts, of which the
southern rises from clustered shafts with rich foliated capitals. The
tower rises upon four fine deeply moulded Early English arches, with
piers of clustered marble shafts which have moulded capitals. The
western arch of the tower is double, and a singular effect is produced by
one very much richer in its mouldings being inserted within the other.
The eastern arch is richly moulded, those north and south much plainer.
The transepts have at each end a triple lancet without shafts. — In the
north transept is one single lancet and on the east side a square-headed |
niche with label with very elegant and uncommon Decorated tracery. |
In the north transept is a trefoil niche. In the south transept is an |
oblique opening or hagioscope into the chancel. The chancel is very |
large and light, of a transition from Early English to Decorated, but |
with some incongruous modern embellishments, and some mutilations. |
The side windows are of two lights and long, with good internal arch |~
mouldings. One window on the south has one light continued lower |
down than the other, as a lynchnoscope. The east window of five |—
lights has lost its tracery. Between each window is an enriched corbel, |
By Sor Stephen Glynne. 197
having varied and very elegant foliage terminating in ahead. ‘I'he
whole chancel is wainscoted and has a marble pavement and steps to
the altar. In it are some gorgeous modern monuments of marble to
the Duncombe family, Barons of Feversham. One by (—2) has a
finely executed figure with a book hanging over an urn, but certainly
not in an ecclesiastical style. In the south transept 1s another modern
monument of the 17th century to Sir Charles Duncombe. The font is
early, of octagonal form, moulded with rude semi-circular arches and
lined with lead. The shaft is cylindrical surrounded by four of smaller
size. There is an organ played either by keys or barrels. There is the
shaft.of a cross in the churchyard, of octagonal form, very slender and
raised on several steps. ‘The vicarage with a very pretty garden closely
adjoins the east end of the churchyard. ‘The village is picturesque and
rural.
Easton Grey. [Oct. 15th, 1864.] A small Church, worthy of little
notice, having a nave and chancel rebuilt in rather poor Gothic style,
and an original western tower which is of ordinary Perpendicular work
and rather low. It is embattled, has two string courses, but no but-
tresses ; belfry windows (—?) headed, of two lights. On the west side
a small two-light window, but no door. On the south side is a stair
turret projecting and lighted by slits. ‘The body of this Church was
rebuilt in 1836.
Edington. All Saints. [15th May, 1859.] This stately Church is of a
kind rarely seen in a country village. It is part of a large chauntry or
college founded in 1347 by William of Edington, a native of this parish
and Bishop of Winchester.
The Church is cruciform, with central tower, and very spacious; the
nave has north and south aisles and a south porch. ‘The exterior is of
the best stone masonry and has a very good appearance, though plain.
The character of the work corresponds very much with the above date,
being mostly of a transitional character from Decorated to Perpen-
dicular, but the windows presenting some variation. ‘The nave is long,
six bays in length, and the arcades lofty, the piers clustered of four
shafts, having octagonal caps. The clerestory is probably later and has
square-headed windows of three plain lights, in which are found some
pieces of rich stained glass. The west windowis uncomm only large of
eight lights and subarcuated, not unlike some of the western windows
of Winchester Cathedral, and supposed to be the work of the same
prelate. he windows of the aisles are square-headed of three lights,
like those of the clerestory. Those on the north are set high in the
wall, probably to make way for the cloisters. The roofs of the nave
and aisles are curious, having plaster groining in a fine Perpendicular
paneled pattern; the ribs on timber shafts with paneled spandrels.
The roofs of the transepts are of similar character. At the west end of
the aisles are two-light windows somewhat Flamboyant in design, and
in the transepts are some similar ones of three lights. On the west
wall of the north transept is an odd single window of this form ( )\-
Several windows contain fine fragments of ancient stained glass.
198
Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
On the east wall is a niche with canopy and groining, and remains of _
colour.
The tower rises upon four fine pointed arches, with clustered shafts
having octagonal caps. The tower has a groined roof, which possibly
may be of stone. ‘The two transepts are very uniform. In the south
transept is a fine Perpendicular tomb, charged with paneling and em-
blems, on which is the figure of an ecclesiastic. Over it a fine canopy
with under groining and pierced spandrels. At the east and west ends
are large niches retaining much of the original colour. At the feet of
the effigy is a Ton probably a rebus on the name. There is a rood loft —
of plain stone work and below a wood screen.
The chancel is large and grand and perfectiy unencumbered by
seats. On each side it has three windows of three lights, of very good
transitional tracery. At the east end a fine one of five lights, the |
tracery (has) a considerable Decorated element. ‘This window is set
between two fine canopied niches with pediments. There are two others _
in the east angles, the pedimental canopies of which are supported on |
human figures. Between the lateral windows are also canopied niches,
containing mutilated statues and resting on varied well-sculptured
figures. On the south is a pretty ogee canopied doorway. Within |
the sacrarium is a fine large alabaster monument with effigies to Sir |
Edward Lewys, obit. 1630. This monument is of fine workmanship. |
There are male and female effigies and an angel is represented as |
covering them. The figures of sons and daughters kneeling are belowg (|
The chancel is paved with marble. |
There is another large Perpendicular monumental chapel in thenave |
between two piers of the south arcade. The tomb is in the centre and a
bears the print of a brass.
The canopy is flat, enriched with angel figures, bearing shields, |
charged with three lozenges. At the west end this chapel is entered |
by an ogee crocketed arched doorway. The pews are ugly. The font |
has a plain octagonal bowl. |
The exterior is for the most part embattled. The ends of the transepts |
are square. At the west angle of the southern is an octagonal turret;
at the eastern crocketed pinnacles. The chancel has crocketed pin-
nacles raised upon the buttresses. On the north side of the chancel,
externally, is a curious kind of shrine under the central window, 4
semi-hexagon, embattled and paneled, with foliated open arches.
The tower is low above the roof, has a battlement and octagonal |
turret at the south-west. The belfry windows have two lights and |
tracery like the Flamboyant windows at the west of the aisles. The |
north aisle has a plain parapet, and on this side appear the traces of |
cloister, etc., also a flowered doorway. The west end of the nave has |
a fine large doorway of curious design; the door double, each part |
feathered, and paneling between the door head and the arch head ; the |
label on corbels representing crowned and mitred heads. There are |
unfinished pinnacles at this end. The porch is large and lofty ; of two |
stories and embattled. The groining of stone and very good. It has |
two tiers of square-headed windows, and an octagonal stair turret.
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 199:
The churchyard spacious and beautiful. There are several traces.
of ancient buildings belonging to the College.
Erlestoke. [13th May, 1859.] A very poor Church, chiefly of debased
inferior work and moreover in neglected condition It comprises a
nave and chancel, with a sort of north transept, and western tower and
south porch. The nave is rather wide, bas a coved roof, and windows
all of late somewhat debased character. One on the south is square-
headed and somewhat better. The transept opens to the nave by an
obtuse arch. The chancel arch is also obtuse and wide. The chancel
has horrid (—?) house windows on the north or south and at the east
end a bad four-light window, without foliations. The chancel is ceiled
and has a large pew. The font has octagonal bowl with circular stem.
The tower arch pointed and narrow on octagonal corbels. The tower
is poor, with octagonal turret at the south, and debased window. The
upper part modern. ‘The porch has a continuous moulded outer
doorway. The inner doorway, Tudor shaped, with label.
Fisherton Anger. [18247] The Church of the village of Fisherton
Anger, half-a-mile distant from Salisbury, is a neat unassuming village
Church. Its architecture is not grand, but it is kept neat and tidy.
It is in a great manner built of flints, and consists of a nave, north
aisle, transept, chancel, and tower at the west end. ‘The tower has a
plain parapet, and a very good belfry window enriched with paneled
stone work having pierced quatrefoils. On the west side is a window
of three lights which appears Perpendicular.
The nave is divided from the north aisle by one octagonal pillar, and
one ruder kind of partition, but without any arches. There are plain
pointed arches opening into the transept and chancel. ‘The font is
plain and circular, apparently Norman ; there are some small Perpen-
dicular windows walled up; the greater part are modern and bad.
There are elegantly wrought stone crosses on the gable ends of the
nave, transept, and chancel.
Foxley. [Oct. 16th, 1864.] A small Church of rather mean appearance,
comprising nave with small north chapel, chancel, porch, and low
western tower. The windows are mostly square-headed, Perpendicular
of two and three lights ; but in the chancel are some of earlier character.
On the south a trefoil headed lancet, and on the north and south are
square-headed ones of Decorated character.
The nave opens to the north chapel by two well-moulded pointed
arches on a light pier, of lozenge form with four shafts which have
capitals looking rather of Karly English character. The roof isof plain
timbers. The chancel confined, and the east window closed by a poor
screen. The internal fittings bad and cumbrous. The font has a cup-
shaped bowl. The tower is low and mean, of debased character, with
four pinnacles. The porch also debased.
| Hilmarton. Printed in Vol. xxxvii., 435. ]
VOL. XLII—NO. CXXXVIII. P
200 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
Hindon. [30th July, 1849.] This Church is completely modernised and
scarcely deserving any notice. It has a body, north aisle, south
transept, and small tower on the south. The latter is original—having
plain parapet and string, two stages of double lancet windows, and no
buttresses. It may perhaps be of debased work. The west door is
pointed with the hood and fair mouldings. All the rest is wretched
(— ?) work.
Kingston Deverill. St. Mary. [Aug. 7th, 1849.] This Church has
recently been rebuilt, with the exception of the tower, but upon the
same scale and with the same arrangement as before, and now presents —
a very good specimen of a carefully-restored village Church. It consists
of a nave with south chapel, chancel, and tower, placed between the
chancel and nave. ‘The tower is not square, but wider from north to
south. It has a large square stair turret attached to the north-west
angle,which is surmounted by a large pyramidical pinnacle. The parapet |
is plain ; the belfry window of two lights, with stone lattice work. On —
the south side below this a single three-foiled window and a Middle
Pointed two-light one in the lower part. ‘he new windows are Middle
Pointed, chiefly of two lights ; those at the east and west of three. The
south chapel is divided from the nave by two plain pointed arches,
springing from a central low octagonal pier. The western arch of the
tower is pointed, dying into the wall; the eastern has continuous
orders. ‘The Church is very well fitted up with open benches. In the
chancel is an effigy of a noble, with fine head of hair, temp. Henry III.
There is an organ in the south chapel. The font is a new one of Norman
character, much enriched.
Kington St. Michael. [18th April, 1847.] The plan of this Church is
a nave with aisles, chancel, south porch, and west tower, and thereare |
portions of every style. Within the south porch (which is very poor)
is a Romanesque doorway with shafts, altered into a late and debased |
Tudor form. ‘The roofs of nave and aisles are flagged and of high pitch -
and there is no clerestory. In the south aisle is a First Pointed corbel |
table and string under the windows of the same style. In this aisle |
are some Middle Pointed windows of two lights, and at the east end of
it a good one of three The north aisle has been much modernised and |
has bad windows. Over the east end of the nave is a bell cot for the |
sanctus bell. ‘The chancel is stuccoed externally. The tower is late |
and debased, having an open parapet and eight pinnacles, with pointed |
details, but very debased, though the general effect is very good. The |
arcades of the nave are First Pointed, each of three bays; the arches |
pointed. ‘lhe columns circular, and capitals also, except one octagonal |
on the south side. The roof of the nave is coved with ribs.; the aisles |
have flat ceilings. he chancel arch is segmental, rather mis-shapen, |
and of Romanesque character, the west side most enriched, where |
there is bold zigzag work and shafts. On the east it is quite plain. |
On the south of it is an oblique hagioscope from the aisle. The chan- [ F
cel has on the north two trefoil-headed lancets, much splayed and ;
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 201
opening to the interior with a wide cinquefoil arch. On the south are
two square-headed windows of two lights and Middle Pointed, one
with a similar cinquefoil internal opening. The east window is a de-
based one of two lights. Ou the south is a cinquefoiled piscina with
_ good mouldings. In the south aisle is also a piscina trefoiled. The
font has a banded cylindrical bowl, on a stem of like form. There are
a few old benches, but the nave is frightfully disfigured with high
pews. There is an organ in the west gallery.
Lacock. [Jan. 18th, 1857.) An irregular Church, chiefly Perpendicular,
but with earlier portions: cruciform, with north and south aisles
tothe nave, a north aisle to the chancel, a chapel adjoining
the south transept, and a tower with stone spire at the west
end of the nave, a porch being added to the west end of the
tower. The whole of the exterior is in very good preservation and of
excellent stone masonry. ‘I'he tower is small and appears late, having
an ordinary west window and belfry windows of two lights, a battlement
and four pinnacles. The spire octagonal, without ribs, and not very
lofty. The porch, which is attached to its west side is embattled and
has fine stone groining. The south aisle of the nave hasa moulded
parapet. The clerestory and north aisle are embattled, with crocketed
pinnacles and richly-sculptured gargoyles. Over the east end of the
clerestory is a pierced parapet, but unfinished. In the gable of the
west end of the north aisle is a niche. ‘The windows of the north aisle
are good Perpendicular of four lights and at the west end of five.
These have blank paneling on each side of the window,,.as at (—?). In
the south aisle the windows are square-headed and plainer. The chapel
on the south adjacent to the transept seems to be of Elizabethan date,
with domestic-looking windows.
The interior loses much effect from being crowded with very awkward
pews and galleries, but the nave has a lofty roof, nicely restored, coved
with ribs and bosses and a cornice with Tudor flowers and foliage in
its mouldings. A beam running across near the east end of the nave
is also moulded in similar way ‘The nave has on each side an arcade
of three Perpendicular arches, with clustered piers of stilted shafts,
having octagonal capitals. In the spandrels of the arches appears at
the angles some cusping which is rather unusual. ‘The clerestory
windows are of three lights, and there is a larger six-light window in
the east wall, over the entrance to the chancel, the chancel arch having
disappeared The soffit of this window is enriched with foliage and
figures of angels.
The transepts open by taller pointed arches than those in the arcade
of the nave, and there are also arches opening from the transepts to
the aisles of the nave, but the large arches are unfortunately cut by
the flat ceilings of the transepts ‘The transepts seem to be Decorated,
and have windows of that style of three lights at the two ends, not
very good, and also one of two lights at the west side of the north
transept. The chancel is poor and has been partially rebuilt, with a
low flat roof, but the floor is (—?) The aisle or chapel on the
Pp 2
~
202
Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
north of the chancel is very fine late Perpendicular, opening to the
chancel by two late arches, on pier of clustered columns, having
rich stone groining with pendants, all coloured and gilt. There are
also two large late monuments and between them a fine canopied niche,
There is the trace of an altar under the east window, and a piscina.
This aisle does not reach to the east end of the chancel. Its windows
have flowered mouldings and the east end a fine pierced parapet with —
pinnacles. : .
There is an organ in the west gallery. The font is a black marble.
cup, apparently modern.
Langley Burrell. St. Peter. [Oct. 15th, 1864.] This Church is of
somewhat irregular form, has a nave with north aisle, porch and tower
on the south of the nave, and chancel with south chapel. The arcade
of the nave has three obtuse arches (semi-Norman) upon circular
columns with capitals, in some of which foliage appears. At the west
end of the nave is an Early English triplet, with trefoil heads and
hoods, of a type found in Wilts. On the south of the nave, to the
west of the porch, is a Perpendicular square-headed window of three
lights. The north aisle is of good masonry, embattled and pinnacled,
in its western portion, but the work unfinished in the eastern
part. The windows square-headed of three lights Perpendicular, |
but at the east of this aisle is an earlier window a triplet, with trefoil
heads, like that at the west, but having a containing arch internally |
with good mouldings. The nave has a coved roof with ribs and bosses |
as seen in the west country. The aisle has flat pitched roof with
moulded timbers and bosses. The tower arch on the south of the nave
is a fine pointed one, with strong mouldings springing from the wall.
The chancel arch is pointed, with excellent mouldings and two orders
of shafts with moulded capitals, of which one has fine foliage of
Edwardian character.
The chancel is long, has on the north two trefoil-headed lancets and
one square-headed Perpendicular window of three lights. The east
window has the trefoil-headed triplet before noticed, the hood follow-
ing the lines of them. To the south-east beyond the aisle is a Perpen-
dicular window. On the south of the sacrarium are two separate
sedilia, one has a pedimental canopy crocketed and finialed and a finely
foliated arch, there being between the arch head and the canopy a
trefoiled arch. The other sedile is plain and cinquefoiled. Under the
window a cinquefoil arched piscina.
The chancel opens to the south chapel by a wide Tudor-shaped arch
upon octagonal shafts with capitals of foliage. This chapel is wholly
Perpendicular and has square-headed windows. ‘The roofs of chancel
and aisle are plain timbers. In the south chapel is a small piscina
under a window.
The tower is Decorated, has a moulded parapet and ball flower
corbel table, and is divided by two string courses. The belfry windows
are of two lights and good. Another window is a single trefoil-headed
light. ‘he hoods are on corbels of foliage. The buttresses at the
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 203
angles of good stone. The porch is large and good and has fine stone
groining, the bosses and corbels (whence spring the ribs) have foliage
and angel figures. The windows are of two lights and labeled. ‘The
outer doorway plain, that within the porch has a Tudor arch and
paneled spandrels. There is a stoupin the porch, which has stone
seats within, and externally bold gargoyles. ‘lhe interior is poorly
pewed and wants improvement. ‘here is a slab, now set up against
the tower, on which appear two heads in relief under small canopies
with finials and trefoiled, a curious sepulchral remain, but it is difficult
to say whether there has been more sculpture.
Latton. [1842.] This Church is cruciform, but without aisles, and the
|
tower at the west end. ‘The latter is of good grev stone, and rather
curious. Its two lowest stages are Norman, with very round single
windows, the two upper are late Perpendicular, but the belfry story is
unusually narrow. ‘The string courses dividing the stages are very
strong, and there are grotesque animal figures for gargoyles. The
belfry windows are of twojlights, and the whole is surmounted by an
embattled parapet. There is no west doorway, Within the south
porch is a fine Norman doorway with excellent arch mouldings upon
shafts with cushion capitals. The outer moulding has the bead
ornament, and a kind of special chevron down the shafts. The roofs
are high and slated. The nave lofty and wide. ‘The arch to the tower is
semicircular and plain ; that to the chancel Norman and upon shafts.
There is on the north side a lancet window containing some ancient
stained glass. ‘The transepts have at the two ends Decorated windows
of three lights. On the west side of the south transept is a trefoil
lancet. Another window iof the nave is late Perpendicular. The
transept arches are very obtuse. ‘The roofs are open, and there is an
embattled cornice. In the north transept on the west side is a trefoil
lancet window, the sides of which are covered with some original fresco
painting, some of which appears also on the arch opening from the
nave to the north transept. The chancel is modern Gothic, having
lately been re-built, and it is to be lamented that a more correct style
was not adopted by the well-meaning individual who caused it to be
rebuilt. ‘he font is modern, but of very orthodox shape and size—the
form is square upon an octagonal shaft, with a proper drain—the cover
is of wood carving of Perpendicular character.
Lavington, East or Market. This Church has a nave with side aisles,
|
a chancel, and a western tower. The latter is Perpendicular and em-
battled, and has a west window and doorway set within one arched
compartment. The mouldings filled with panelling, the window of
three lights with a transom. ‘The body has no battlement. The nave
leaded ; the chancel tiled. There is a south porch, within which is a
doorway with cinquefoil feathering.
The nave has on each side three simple pointed arches with entirely
plain square piers, without mouldings and the arches stopped by the
204 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
pier. They are probably rather late, but not ornamental. ‘The cleres-
tory has some small windows with trefoil head and some late and
square-headed. The windows of the aisles are square-headed, some
late, some may be of transition character.
There is a stone arch thrown (‘) across part of the south aisle.
In the north aisle is a trefoil niche within a good moulded arch, with
a piscina having a quatre-foil flower orifice. The chancel has a small.
door resembling that of the nave. The east window is Rectilinear of
three lights. ‘The others in the chancel are Decorated of twoand three _
lights, the latter on.the south side are rather elegant. The font is a
plain octagon. ‘The tower contains a clock and chimes.
|
Lavington, West. This Church is built for the most part of good stone
and consists of a nave with side aisles, north and south transepts, and
a chancel with south aisle and a western tower which is Perpendicular
with a battlement, and an octagonal stair turret on the south side ; the —
belfry windows of two lights with some good stone lattice work. The
roofs are chiefly tiled. The aisles extend past the tower and range
flush with its west wall. The south transept is adorned with pinnacles —
and has a small doorway, the arch of which is well finished though ~
plain. The north and south aisles have been rebuilt at a late period. |
The wall of the south aisle appears to be of Elizabethan period, with |
gables and two tiers of windows, the lower square-headed with a string |
course above them. There is at the west end of the north aisle a win- ‘|
dow of two lights (early Decorated) without foils. The nave has four |
arches on each side. ‘Those on the north are rather obtuse and early, |
with vast cylindrical pillars having curious capitals of foliage; those |
on the south are more acutely pointed and spring from circular columns
with moulded capitals. ‘The nave contains several ancient seats with
carved ends. ‘The south transept has Perpendicular windows of three |
lights, and contains costly marble monuments to the Danvers, The |
north transept has a lancet on its west side and a three-light window |
of Jancets under a general arch. he chancel arch has panneling and |
is of Perpendicular period, and a similar arch opens from the chancel |
to the south aisle, which latter is an evident addition and contains late |
square-headed windows. In the south chancel wall and opening into |
this chapel are the origina] lancet windows, together with a door and a
low side window, square-headed with Rectilinear tracery. The lancets |
have beneath them a string course. In the south chancel is a plain |
trefoil niche with a drain. The windows of the chancel are bad and |
modern. Under the east window in the wall is a square recess or
cupboard. ‘The font isa plain octagon on a paneled pedestal. In the |
south transept are two arches in the wall, of Perpendicular character |
under which it is probable that there were monumental effigies. |
Liddington. All Saints. [April 26th, 1859.] This Church has a nave]
with north aisle, chancel, and west tower. The nave is remarkably | |
broad and has a very good high pitched open roof. The arcade to|
the aisle is of three pointed arches with octagonal pillars, which having}
by Sir Stephen Glynne. 205
nail-head mouldings in the capitals, are Early English. The walls
seem to have been renovated throughout, and the chancel as good as
rebuilt. On the south of the nave are some pretty Decorated win-
dows of two lights. In the north aisle are some trefoiled lancets, at its.
east end a triplet trefoiled, contained under a general pointed arch on
shafts with capitals having toothed mouldings. At the west end of
the aisle is a two-light Decorated window with the rear arch foiled.
The chancel is much narrower than the nave and the chancel arch
is not in the centre, and is pointed and low. ‘The tower arch is pointed,
upon octagonal shafts. The chancel has trefoiled lancets on the north
and south and a Decorated east window of three lights, either new or
reproduced. ‘The chancel is stalled and appears to have been rebuilt
in memory of Lady Martin.
At the east end of the north aisle is an oblong recess and a trefoil
piscina. In the wall of this aisle are two sepulchral arched recesses
with feathering and short shafts with capitals. The font is Norman
of circular form, diminishing downwards, with chevron moulding round
the top. The tower is very low, so that the high roof of the nave
comes about up to the parapet. It has corner buttresses, plain battle-
ment, and two-light belfry windows.
There is a large new lychgate.
Lydiard Millicent. All Saints. [June 24th, 1870.] This Church has
nave with south aisle, chancel, south porch, and west tower.
The arcade of the nave has three stilted pointed arches rising from
octagonal pillars with capitals and respond of the same character. The
nave and aisle are lofty, of equal height, with separate roofs. The
tower arch is pointed, springing at once from the wall and stilted like
the others. The roofs of nave and aisle are coved and ribbed. The
nave is fitted with open benches of oak. ‘The chancel arch is ineffective,
with continuous mouldings and no capital, The eastand west windows
of the aisle are Decorated of three lights, and another on the south is
also Decorated. of two lights. On the north of the nave the windows
are Perpendicular of three lights.
Over the chancel arch facing west are four stone corbels, and on the
south of it a small pointed squint. ‘here are also some stone corbels
over the south arcade. ‘The chancel has coved ribbed roof with
bosses, and is wholly Perpendicular, having east window of three lights.
The lateral windows are square-headed. There is no trace of piscina
or sedilia. The pulpit has good wood carving. ‘The porch plain
Perpendicular. The font is Norman; the bowl, circular, has some
intersecting arches and set upon a circular stem upon two steps. The
tower is late Perpendicular, with corner buttresses and pierced parapet
with quatrefoils, divided by two string courses; belfry windows of
two lights, and a single light in the middle stage, a three-light window
and door on the west side, and four plain pinnacles. In the church-
yard is the tall octagonal (shaft) of a cross, mounted on three steps.
[Lydiard Tregoze. Printed Vol. xxxvii., 446.]
(206 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
Lyneham. St. Michael. [27th April, 1850.) This Church is wholly
Third Pointed, and situated within a churchyard of unusual extent.
It consists of a nave and chancel with north aisle extended along part
of the latter only, a west tower, and a south porch. ‘The chancel is
lower than the nave. The nave has an arcade of four bays, the piers
of four shafts in the frequent western form.
The third arch is supported by wood framework. The windows are
of three lights in the nave, in the chancel square-headed of two lights.
The east window of the north aisle is ugly.
The chancel arch is closed by wainscoting in the upper part. The
chancel opens to the north aisle or chapel by a paneled arch of small
size, but elegant workmanship, having ribs as well as paneling. There
is some poor late screen work. The priest’s door is on the south, and
there is a sacristy on the north of the chancel lighted by a slit. Part —
of the rood screen remains but mutilated and encroached upon by the
wainscoting above. .
Maiden Bradley. All Saints. [August Ist, 1845.] This Church has a
nave with aisles, chancel, western tower, and south porch. There are
both Middle and Third Pointed portions. The roof of the nave is open
with tie (7) beams. The arcades irregular and ungracefu]. On each
side four arches, of which the first and last are low; the mouldings on
the south side continuous, and the piers without capitals. On the
north the western arch is very plain; the eastern moulded and dying
into the wall. The piers on this side are square with imposts. ‘These
arches and piers appear to be debased. The windows of the aisles are
Middle Pointed and have lately been restored. ‘The tower arch pointed,
on octagonal corbels. he chancel arch is pointed and continuous.
The roof of the chancel is flat. The east and south windows debased, -
and none on the north. The east window contains modern stained |
glass. The chancel is fitted up with stalls. The south porch is Third |
Pointed, the outer door labeled. ‘The roofs are tiled. The toweris |
plain, has a Middle Pointed west window, a moulded parapet, and an
octagonal turret at the north-east, which has an open parapet and
pinnacles, There are buttresses at the angles, and the belfry windows
are of two lights.
The font is Norman, the bow] square, moulded with a range of
semicircular arches; there is a cylindrical stem, and four legs set on a
square plinth. ‘The Church contains a gorgeous monument to Sir
- Edward Seymour, who died 1707.
Malmesbury Abbey Church. The Abbey Church now Re is a
magnificent structure, though the nave alone remains of the original
building. This is principally of Transitional Norman work, with win-
dows inserted of later dates ; but the details of the Norman work are
of singular beauty and richness. The scale of the nave is very large
and grand, but part of the west end is destroyed. The west front is
very fine and evidently was intended to have two towers; part of the
southern remains and exhibits some fine Norman arcades, one of in-
tersecting arches, and one tier having the arch mouldings continued
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 207
without shafts, but filled with lozenge ornament. The string courses
are enriched with the rope and the billet mouldings. The west door
is ina sad state of mutilation but part of the semicircular arch remains.
It has shafts and very rich sculpture in its arch mouldings, which
appears to have represented the zodiacal signs, but they are much
mutilated. ‘The side aisles of the nave are perfect and there is a large
south porch. ‘There is a good deal of admixture of semicircular and
pointed arches, but the ornamental features are of singularly elaborate
character. ‘The porch is very large and entered by a splendid semi-
circular arch which is perhaps the finest specimen existing in the
country, and which has no less than eight courses of ornamental mould-
ings enriched with varied sculpture. Three of these exhibit medallions
enclosing a procession of figures in bas relief, representing different
subjects from the Old and New Testament, the life of Christ in (—%),
but it is not easy to make them out fully. The other five mouldings
have foliage and interlacing (—?) work beaded. ‘There are no shafts,
but the mouldings continued entirely down to the ground. The inner
door within this porch is also very fine, and has the mouldings filled
with scroll work and twisted ornaments and continued to the ground
as in the other door. The tympanum of the arch above the door con-
tains a piece of sculpture, representing Christ, supported by angels.
Near the door is a (—?). Each side of the porch internally has an
arcade of four semicircular arches, above which are figures of the
twelve Apostles, six on each side.
The aisles, clerestory, and porch have a pierced (—?) parapet of
Decorated character. ‘To the clerestory are bold flying buttresses ; and
square pinnacles surmount the buttresses of the side aisles. Some of
the windows are of Norman form unaltered, and some have had
Perpendicular tracery inserted. The arches spring from shafts. Other
windows are Decorated insertions of three lights, of which character
are those of the clerestory, which have shafts with foliated capitals in-
ternally. The west window is Decorated of six lights. Externally
under the windows of the aisles is a range of intersecting arches.
Between the clerestory windows are some of the original flat-faced
buttresses. There are portions of the walls of the transepts, and a
fragment of the north wall of the aisle of the choir, and the west and
north arch of the central tower remain, both semicircular and very
lofty and grand; somewhat of horseshoe form. ‘The arches being of
dissimilar span, the tower must have been a parallelogram, like that of
St. John’s, Devizes. The whole is built of very fine stone.
The interior is extremely grand. ‘There are six obtusely pointed
arches on each side, some of which have billet ornament in the hood
mouldings, and are altogether finely executed. ‘The columns are
circular and very massive, with circular capitals more Norman in
character. The eastern arch on each side is narrower than the others,
and has a curious moulding of square pieces.
The triforium in each compartment is a large semicircular arch with
chevroned mouldings, within which are four smaller round-headed
208 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
arches springing from large cylindrical shafts. The larger arch springs _
from clustered shafts. ‘The roof of the nave has rich stone groining with
intricate ribs and foliated bosses, upon clustered shafts which aa
from the capitals of the main pillars. This seems to be of Decorated —
character. The side aisles have pleasing (—?) Early English stone _
groining, the ribs simply crossing and rising from large shafts. Under —
each of the aisle windows (—!) a range of three semicircular arches —
with chevroned hood moulding springing from shafts. The east end
of each aisle is enclosed by wood screens of good Perpendicular character.
In one space of the triforium on the south side is a kind of stone
balcony or gallery, projecting and of four sides, crowned with a small
battlement. It is very plain and with plain square openings. It may
have been the minstrels’ gallery as (was) a projection in the same place,
but more ornamented, in Exeter Cathedral. Hee
There is a large west gallery of stone lately erected with arches in
the Norman style. The altar screen seems to be composed of ancient \ |
with the under side Bedined,
The pews, pulpit, altar rails, are of modern Gothic and neat.
surmounted by an elegant kind of ogee turret on flying buttresses. |
The arches on each side are open and the interior has good _ |
groining, .
parochial in its place. :
The spire is squared at its base to cover the area of the tower ral
ribbed at the angles. ‘lhe bells are hung in this steeple. ,
St. Paul’s Church has disappeared, save the ae which was evidently
at the west end of the north aisle, as may be seen from the form of the |
roof against its east face, which also has a pointed arch into the aisle. |
‘The steeple is plain Perpendicular, has no buttresses, but an octagonal |
turret at the north-west. On the west and north sides a Perpendicular |
window of three lights, belfry window square-headed of two lights, |
spire of broched form and ribbed. ‘The body of the Church is gone, |
and the site occupied by houses. |
Malmesbury, Westport. St. Mary. [Oct. 16th, 1864.] This Church}
seems to have been wholly rebuilt about 1750, on the old site, and|
consists of two equal aisles divided by an arcade of ‘ludor-shaped|
arches, with mouldings on plain pillars without caps. The windows]
are square-headed and debased and there is a modern bell cot over the;
west end. It is plainly seated, has a gallery and harmonium. No|
remarkable features survive.
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 209
Lanningford Abbot. [14th May, 1859.] This Church is scarcely larger
than Manningford Bruce,which it resembles in its general features, and is
of similar arrangement except that the apse here is wanting. ‘I'he
belfry is almost exactly the same as at Manningford Bruce. The
chancel arch is Norman of the same plain early kind, but has a chamfer,
and on its west side a quasi shaft. In the chancel is a curious Norman
piscina, on a shaft with cushion capital and square base. The chancel
has small single lancets north and south. ‘The timbers of the roof cut
the chancelarch. ‘The east window is Perpendicular and square- headed
with label and singular tracery, an odd sort of tooth-hke ornament
introduced. On the north of the nave is a round arched doorway, and
some mutilated square-headed windows. ‘he west window is modern.
The porch ditto. ‘The font has a small octagonal bowl on similar stem,
On the east gable of the nave is a cross mutilated.
Karningford Bruce. St. Peter. [May 14th, 1859. A small Church
of insignificant appearance having only a nave and chancel, with a new
south porch, and a wooden bell cot over the west end. The chancel
is Norman; its arch very plain with imposts. ‘The east end is a semi-
circular apse with plain small windows, and in its north wall is a semi-
circular recess. The west window of the nave is of the Hereford fashion, .
three lights without tracery, and the centre one not arched. On the
south of the chancel is a Decorated window, and south of the nave a
Perpendicular one, each of two lights. |
Marlborough St Mary. [1843.] The Church has a west tower and a
body with side aisles, but in consequence of damages received during
the wars the original state of the body has been much changed for the
worse. ‘The south wall is perfect in its original condition, but the
north side has been mutilated and altered and the interior sadly dis-
figured by the entire removal of the northern range of arches, and the
re-erection of the southern in a mongrel style; the columns circular
with a kind of Arabesque capital, the arches circular with keystones.
the south aisle is of good stone and excellent plain Perpendicular work,
and has a fine battlement, and good windows of three lights. On the
north side some upper windows have been added of square form. ‘The
east end at present has an ugly appearance, and seems to have been
clumsily re-constructed without a central east window.
The tower is of plain Perpendicular work, with a battlement and
square-headed belfry window. The west window of four lights. On
the west side remains a fine Norman doorway, but much worn, having
two ranges of moulding, the inner, continuous chevron without shafts ;
the other has rich chevron with beads and shafts with varied capitals.
The dripstone has cable moulding. In the tower are six bells. The
south doorway hasa label and paneled spandrels. ‘hearch tothe tower
is plain and pointed, on circular shafts. ‘The pews are very ugly, but
shortly to be remodelled. ‘There is a gallery along the whole west end
with a tolerable organ. The altar is set in the middle of the east end,
but from the absence of one row of columns looks odd. ‘The font is
‘210 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
octagonal with good lozenge paneling, and foiled; the stem also oc-
tagonal. |
Marlborough St. Peter. This Church is wholly Rectilinear, of good —
uniform character, and built of very good stone, save a few portions of
flints. It consists of a nave and chancel, each with side aisles, anda
square tower at the west end of the south aisle, with a battlement and
four octagonal turrets at the angles. The west window of the nave is of
five lights and handsome, as is the east window of the chancel. The
others are principally of three lights. The whole Church has an em-
battled parapet, but no clerestory. The south porch is of two stories,
without a battlement, but hasa stone groined ceiling. The west wall of
the north aisle is oblique, and not in a line with that of the nave. The
tower, too, is singularly placed, at the west end of the south aisle but
encroaching on the nave. The tower is evidently late in the style, and |
though of excellent masonry is not well finished in its details. The belfry |
windows are small and dissimilar, and the west window also rather small |
in proportion; in fact rather a want of openings is manifest, except |
that there is a three-light window on the south side of the lower part |
of the tower. The pinnacles are very tall and plain, but that at the —
north-west angle is different from the others, being nearly circular, and
the others octagonal. ‘The nave has four pointed arches on each side,
the piers light (7), having a shaft at each angle and the intermediate
spaces moulded. The ceiling is coved (?) and paneled in the nave. ©
The chancel has a stone ceiling very elegantly groined in the Perpen- |
dicular style with ribs and bosses. Part of it, however, isin bad repair, |
and opens to each aisle by one pointed arch. At the west end isa
handsome organ, erected 1820. he font is octagonal and paneled.
There are candlesticks on the altar; a gallery only at the west end.
Melksham. St. Michael. The Church of this town is a spacious struc-
ture, consisting of a nave with side aisles, north and south porches, a |
north transept, a chancel with south chapel, and a tower rising from |
the centre, between the nave and chancel. ‘The whole is built of ex- |
cellent stone, and there are features of all the three later styles. The
chancel has some early portions, flat buttresses, and a string course of
billet ornament which is in some parts interrupted by inserted windows, |
both Decorated and Perpendicular, which are of two lights. There |
is also at the west end of the nave an Karly English toothed string |
course stopped by an inserted window of later date. ‘The west windows |
of the aisles are lancets with trefoil heads. ‘The chancel has a tiled roof |
and plain parapet, but its south chapel, a later Perpendicular addition,
has a rich paneled battlement, with crocketed pinnacles surmounting
the buttresses, and a rich cross in the east gable. The corbel table
below the battlement has various grotesque figures of animals. The
windows of this chapel are of four lights. Most of the other windows
are Perpendicular, and some square-headed. ‘The clerestory windows
are of three lights and above them is a fine enriched battlement with |~
small pinnacles, which is continued across the west end beneath an |
Ss aaa aaa
Raa ae
By Sur Stephen Glynne. 211
earlier gable end. The south doorway is Early English. Thenorth
porch Perpendicular and very large, with (—?) above and a handsome
groined ceiling of stone, but in other respects rather plain. The tower
above the roof is Perpendicular, of rich but rather singular character ;
it has a battlement, four crocketed pinnacles,| and the whole of each
face is one complete series of paneling, the three central compartments
forming the belfry windows, and adorned with rich and beautiful stone
lattice work, as is not uncommon in this neighbourhood.
The interior does not correspond in beauty to the exterior, being
much encumbered with ugly pews and galleries. The nave is divided
from each aisle by four Early English arches, rather acute in form,
springing from cylindrical columns having moulded capitals. The
arches supporting the tower are probably of Early English origin, but
have been cased and much altered. ‘There is an organ of considerable
size. The font is a plain octagon.
The chancel opens to its south chapel by a single wide Tudor arch.
fere. St. Michael. [July 30th, 1849.] | A fine Church chiefly Third
Pointed, but with some Middle Pointed portions. It comprises a nave
and chancel, each with aisles, a western tower, north and south porches,
The interior is handsome, though too much encumbered with pews and
galleries. The arcades of the nave, each of five tall narrow Third:
Pointed arches, with light lozenge piers having four shafts with moulded
capitals and moulded intervals. The clerestory windows on the south
have lost their tracery ; those on the north, of three lights, and Third
Pointed. In the south aisle are Middle Pointed windows of three lights
without foils. The roofs of the nave and north aisle are coved, with
flowered cornice; that on the south aisle is flat. The western arch on
each side dies into the wall. The chancel arch is a paneled Third
Pointed one. The rood screen remains in a perfect state and is extended
across both aisles. In the northern and southern parts the loft remains
with paneling, but (in the?) central part a heavy modern gallery has
been erected on it A.D. 1699. In this portion the tracery is Third
Pointed, each division of six lights having transoms with foliated
spandrels and groining below the gallery. The north portion of the
screen has some tracery which appears to be Middle Pointed. The rood
door is on the north. There is a ponderous west gallery with a large
organ. ‘he chancel has the ancient wood stalls and in fair preservation.
On the south side of the chancel are two pointed arches with mouldings -
dying into the pier. On the north, also, two pointed arches, but dis-
similar, the eastern dying into the east wall and springing from an
octagonal pillar, the western tall and narrow, dying into the two piers.
The chancel has a clerestory, of which the windows are square-headed,
of two lights. The roof of the chancel is coved and ribbed. The east
window Third Pointed of five lights; the south-east window square-
headed and Middle Pointed. East of north arcade of the chancel is a
window in the wall, open to the north chapel. There are two piscinas in
the chancel, the eastward one (—%), the other contains a shelf. Within
the arcades of the chancel are good (—?) screens, and there are pointed
212
Notes on Wrltshire Churches.
arches between the aisles of the nave and those of the chancel. Both
chapels of the chancel have raised altar platforms at the east end. The
southern is peculiar and rather late Middle Pointed, the east window
of four lights, the south-east window of three lights, having curious
tracery which appears to be of Flamboyant character. Another south
window is square headed, of five lights, also advanced Middle Pointed.
The altar pace is laid with encaustic tiles. Upon itis a fine monumental
brass to the founder of the chapel. The effigy is an armed knight,
with sword and dagger, and at his feet an animal.
The inscription—“ Hic jacet Johes Bettesthorne quonda dns da
Chadenwyche fundator istius cantarie qui obiit VI die Februarii anno
dni M°G.C.C. XOVIIL litera dominical’ E. cui’ aie p’piciet’ Deus Ame
Tu qui trasieris, vidias, sta, plege, plora.
Es quod Eram et eris a su p me precor, ora.”! Remarkable for its
dominical letter.
There is also another mutilated brass and a Third Pointed altar tomb
In this chapel also is a Third Pointed piscina with cinquefoil feathering,
a moulded shelf and octofoil orifice, which has a stopper. The north
chapel has a Third Pointed east window of five lights, and on the north
a square-headed window of four lights of the same Middle Pointed
character as several others in this Church. In these are considerable |
fragments of stained glass. ‘he font has octagonal bow] paneled with
shields and quatrefoils of Third Pointed character.
The exterior is pleasing. ‘The aisles have moulded parapets. Inthe |
south chapel of the chancel is an octagonal stair turret, which, as well
as the parapet of the chapel, is pierced with oilets. The clerestory and
chancel have slated roofs. The south porch has a stair turret anda |
groined ceiling. Over its door is a quatrefoil opening into the interior,
The north porch is large, has elegant groining wlth bosses, the gable |
flanked by pinnacles, and an octagonal stair turret attached. The |
inner door has an obtuse arch, the outer is continuous, over itisa |
canopied niche containing a statue. |
The west windows of the aisles are mutilated. The tower is a lofty |
and handsome Third Pointed one, late in the style, resembling that of |
S. Peter, Marlborough. It has large octagonal turrets at the angles, |
surmounted by large plain pinnacles, and is three stages in height, with |
paneled battlements. The two lower stages exhibit rather too much
of bare wall on the north and south, but on the west is a good door
with nice mouldings and a four-light window over it, above which |
appears a figure of the Archangel, and two stages of two light windows
besides those of the belfry, which are of three lights on each side.
Mildenhall. The plan a west tower, nave, and side aisles and chancel.
The tower low, with a stone battlement and belfry story of Perpen-
dicular character, but the lower portions are probably earlier, and on |
the north side there is in the second stage a double opening, apparently |
truncated, with a central shaft. The tower opens to the nave by an
1 Boutell, Monumental Brasses, p. 142.
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 213
Early English arch of plain character upon imposts. The nave has on
each side three semicircular arches, and one small low one next to the
chancel; the character semi-Norman, the columns are circular, those
on the south have scolloped capitals, like those at Collingbourne
Kingston, with heads attached in some instances, and well sculptured ;
those on the north have the capitals elegantly moulded. The clerestory
has chiefly square-headed Perpendicular windows of two lights, some
modernised, and on the north is a single trefoil. ‘Che windows of the
aisles are late Perpendicular. The chancel arch is Early English upon
-corbels. The east’ window of the chancel is Perpendicular of three
lights, its other windows are chiefly Perpendicular, but one now closed
on the north was Decorated of two lights. The roof of the nave has
plain tie beams. The interior was fitted up at some expense about
twenty years ago, but though neat the arrangements are not in the
most satisfactory style, or as they would have been carried into effect
at a subsequent period. The pews are too high, there are two rival
pulpits, the chancel is paved with marble and wainscoted in modern
Gothic work, of which style are also two large pews inset. The chancel
roof is (coved ?) and paneled within, and over its east gable externally
is a cross. In a west gallery is a seraphim. ‘The font is a modern
octagonal bowl.
Minety. St. Leonard’s. [April 26th, 1858.] A neat Church entirely
Perpendicular, having a nave with north aisle and chancel, tower
engaged in the west end of the aisle, and south porch. The Perpen-
dicular work is rather late, the external masonry very good, and the
material very fine stone. ‘The roofs are leaded, of low pitch. The
chancel is embattled and also south side of nave, but not the north
aisle, on which side is a flying buttress. Windows on south side of
nave square-headed of three lights with tracery rather earlier and better
than the others. West window and those of north aisle are with
Pointed arches of three lights, that of the east of the aisle of two lights.
. Nave has arcade of four Tudor shaped [arches ?] beyond the tower which
| spring from concave octagonal piers with capitals. On the front of
: two of these piers is a bracket or pedestal. ‘he tower rises on two dis-
| similar arches opening north and east. The former is of Tudor form
| and continuous, the latter not of the same form but continuous and on
strong piers. In the tower on the west side is a three-light window.
! The west window of the nave has some stained glass. ‘lhe roofs are
plain on stone corbels and with spandrels of pierced tracery. ‘The nave
| is fitted with open seats The pulpit is of fine Jacobean woodwork,
A D. 1627, enriched with arches and panels. On the sounding board
| is inscribed :—‘‘ We come to God by the prayers of our hearts.” On
the pulpit panels :—‘‘ Anno Domini 1627 W.G., R.P., Ch.wdns, Preach
the word. Be instant in season.” Also “ Fides ex auditu, auditus
autem verbum Dei.”! ‘The chancel arch is continuous. Over it is an
| 11he inscription ‘* We come to God,” &e., is on the panel, and the Latin
“Tides ex auditu” is on the sounding board.” [ED.]
|
|
|
|
|
214 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
iron screen with leaves and tracery. The east end of the aisle ig
enclosed by Perpendicular wood screens. Near the east window is an
angel [angle ?] bracket, and in this enclosed chapel a small brass
representing kneeling figures of a man and woman, Nicholas Powlett
and Mary P.
The chancel has a new roof and poor stalls. East window of three
lights, others of two. Shallow piscina and the window-cill extended —
forms a sedilia. The corbels in chancel represent crowned heads and —
are bold and large. ‘The font has an octagonal bowl with quatrefoil
paneling on stem of similar form. The porch has a stone seat and
two-light open windows. The doorways have continuous arches and
the door some good wood tracery. ‘The tower is not lofty, has a —
battlement, and four small crocketed pinnacles and corner buttresses. _
It contains six bells.
Monkton Deverill. [Aug., 1849.] A very small Church, with nave —
and chancel undivided and a low western tower. The body is all re- ~
built, without distinction of chancel. The windows all Third Pointed ~
except a plain lancet on the north and south of the chancel, which are _
original. The interior very neat, and fitted with open benches. The —
font is Norman, a circular bowl upon a cylindrical stem. The tower, —
which is small, is Third Pointed, having a moulded parapet, a belfry |
window, single and trefoiled, on the west side a three-light window. |
The tower opens to the nave by a pointed arch dying into the wall.
[To be continued. |
hy
i
De H
{
x
;
7]
i
Y
‘
;
‘
,
fOr
pic
{
‘
we | ‘
4
h
nit f
y
;
j
}
;
€ “oe
2),
~~
i
}
} (
24 | — =
ai
WY)
mate
ee S—
the E, ‘end of the ditch, the first was at 997 inc es, and from that
rs at 94 (loose), 399, 3769, 5709, 6327 (loose), and 8261 inches. The
diameter of the hill from the Ordnance Survey is 6240 inches. The
L. XLII—NO. CXXXVIII. Q
eee)
27 70
pac or
TO SHOW ee oe
RELATION OF TRENCHES (CUTAUG.1922|TO FENCE - =
LEVELS OF SURFACE CONTOURS Va at
LEVELS OF UNDISTURBED CHALK. Oise
520 Seek. eas Poon cme
4 49)
a Pel SO ; Meee at post.
Sey. ee 3 }
PHS) Gctnaauljg a taeamiaeag /
H
\
i)
1
ee '
pe ‘
SOCM Eau hy lo: ||; a NLS eee 203
bi URE Bs
©
0
+
es ° 496-10
A
Yy
© O o Chalk 496-10
215
REPORT OF DIGGINGS IN SILBURY HILL,
AUGUST, 1922.
By Prof. W. M. Fuinpers Petrin, F.R.S.
From the 14th to the 30th of August, 1922, [ made some examination of
Silbury Hill, with the kind co-operation of Mr. A. D. Passmore.
The two necks of land connecting it with the Bath Road are well known,
The eastern neck proved to be solid chalk levelled down, and subsequently
piled with chalk rubble, to form a smooth gradient from the road down to
the neck. Accepting the nearest corner of the meadow as 491 O.D. the chalk
of the neck is at 496ft. 10in. Opposite to the two sides of the eastern
neck, trenches were cut in to the hill down to unmoved chalk, which was at
496 in the east trench, and at 497.2 further in. The west trench has chalk
at 500, where the cutting was carried forward 40ft, into the hill, as far as
520 level contour, or 60 feet from the middle of the neck. From the end
of this cutting a tunnel was cut 20ft. eastward, past the end of the east
trench, so as to intercept any possible line of passage in continuation of the
neck. No break was found in the chalk surface. Similarly a trench was
cut from the outer end of the east trench towards the west, but without
meeting any difference in the chalk base. In no case was a turf-band left,
which shows the surface to have been cut down.
In the middle of the south face, equidistant from the two necks, a trench
was cut up the side of the hill on solid chalk up to 503ft. 6in., where the
top of the chalk was found without any turf-band. The untouched down
surface opposite the notice board is at 526ft. On this ground fifteen
flowering plants were identified, twelve of which occur also on the shifted
ground of the hill; but eleven other plants are far commoner on the hill,
and give it an entirely different aspect from the untouched down.
In these various cuttings 1t was notable how little trace there was of
rubble slipping down, contrary to what seems to be a general impression.
In no case was there any proof that the rubble face was not as originally
laid ; in one case a level clay band ran along to the base of the turf : in
other cases the clay bands came within a few inches of the turf. From the
hardening by showers, on the face of the loose rubble that we threw, it
seems unlikely that any face at the angle of rest would subsequently slip.
| Moreover the angle of rest of our tip was 33°50,’ while the hill slope is
| 278° to 34°.
Around the hill Dean Merewether records seeing eight sarsen stones,
seven of which we identified, five earth fast and two loose. He states that
they were 18ft. apart in some places, but there is no such interval between
these. What we noted were in the following positions. From the N.W.
post of the E. end of the ditch, the first was at 997 inches, and from that
Others at 94 (loose), 399, 3769, 5709, 6327 (loose), and 8261 inches. The
Mean diameter of the hill from the Ordnance Survey is 6240 inches. The
won. XLII—NO. CXXXVIII. Q
216 Report of Diggings in Silbury Hill, August, 1922.
question arises whether these stones are remains of a regular circle) there
are about thirty re-used for a cartway across a ditch), if they were, the
numbers of the stones counting from the first would be 1, 5, 48, 73, 81, 106,
and there would have been 250 intended for the whole. On this scale the
radius of the mound would be 40. Thus the proportion of diameter to
circle would be 1 to 34, instead of 3:141. ‘he unit of this scale would be
78 inches (= the French architectural canne), which might be the fathom —
of the northern foot, usually 79. This was the base of our land measures,
10 to the chain, 100 to the furlong, 1000 to the old mile. This unit had a :
long history, the foot being the most usual measure in medieval England, ~
the Roman standard in the Decumates agrv on the German frontier, and
having a long history before that.
A section of the whole hill was measured, where the shelf around the top —
is best preserved. ‘The form of the sides was noted by offsets at each 10ft., —
from sight lines sloping from top to bottom. Before excavating, levels —
were taken from the “491” O.S, datum, up to 500, 510, and 520ft., and each ©
level marked out along the hill side by a row of pegs. The positions of ~
the pegs were taped and planned, to show the contours above the neck, ~
where the hill is distinctly concave. These pegs served as reference marks —
for plan and level in all the excavating.
The tunnel cut in 1849 was also examined, and the old turf surface was ~
connected with the external levels. From the external level of 520ft. at —
103ft. inward from the face of the mound (where the turf is first seen clear ©
of roof-falls), the top of the clay on the turf is at 522ft. 5in., or the base of
the turf is 520ft. 9in. At 168ft. inward the top of the clay is 518ft. in. ©
As the old down outside is at 526 opposite the tunnel, it appears that there ~
was only 4ft. fall in 180ft., and 4ft. again in 65ft. further. That is to say, ©
the mound was centred on a long almost level spur of down, which feli—
away sharply on the east, 18ft. in 110 distance to the middle of the south face, ~
A cut was made on the east side at 1'750 from the beginning of the railing,
at about 497—5(:2 level, and about 3ft. inward; but only rubble was found,
It would be well to try on the north face for the tail of the original spur.
At the head of the west trench there was a pocket of larger blocks, limited”
sharply along a 8.S.W.—N.N.E. line by dense rubble. ‘This was searched ~
6ft. further into the hill; the floor of it, and the top of the loose blocks
rose on going inward. It was ponelunded to be only an accident of the |
origina] piling. |
Pieces of deer-horn picks and a few flint flakes were found in the rubble, J
mostly about 8ft. to 10ft. beneath the surface. These are mostly labelled —
with the Jevels and placed in the Devizes Museum.
After drawing the section, with the chalk levels, an sppaaemnee estimate —
was made of the volume oi the piled work, at 3.7 million cubic feet (or
cubes 100ft. each way). An estimate of the amount of material removed, —
above the meadow level, gives 2.6 million feet; and the fosse appears to
have been 1500ft. long, 20ft. deep, and not over 100ft. wide. or three million
feet. ‘here is thus a deficit of three million feet, which must have been |
supplied by the wider fosse on the west, perhaps two millions, and by |
general lowering of the bill to the south.
The direction of the digging was carried on by tenting on the spot with
1: 500 SECTION OF SILBURY HILL FROM s.W. TO N.E.
TO SHOW RELATION OF
DOWN
TURF BAND
CHALK LEVELS.
—550 FT.—
OLD
DOWN
~.
7
sr nec’
—CHALK SOUTH FACE
= 500 FT— — GHALK IN HILL:
— CHALK E. NECK
APPROXIMATE
PLACE OF DITCH
Meee,
By Prof. W. M, Flinders Petrie, F.LS, 217
my son, from first to last ; Mr. Passmore was also generally on the ground
during the working hours.
Conclusions.
1. The strata of chalk and yellow clay being usually horizontal, or else
slightly tilted either way, show that the mound was heaped in level layers,
and not added to on the sloping face. ‘his points to the size being originally
So designed, and not casually accreted.
2. The large diameter of the fosse (15ft. to 22ft. deep), leaving only a
narrow berm around the foot of the mound, also shows that the size was
thus designed.
3. The absence of any slipping, or sloped piling, shows that the work
was regulated with care, probably by a level cord stretched from the central
tree found in the shaft of 1777. The angle averages 3° flatter than the
angle of rest ; but this may be partly due to consolidation.
4. ‘The sarsens around the base suggest that two hundred and fifty were
to be placed a fathom apart, in a circle 80 fathoms across : the fathom being
a short form (78in.) of the usual northern fathom (79in.)
5. The chalk surface about the S.E. was all stripped of turf before any
rubble was thrown on it, and cut down to between 497 and 500 O.D. The
neck left across the fosse was cut to the same level.
6. Fora gangway at the 8.K. a rubble bank was thrown up on the neck
of 497ft., to join the road at 512ft., while the field on the opposite side is
508. This shows that access for heavy work was needed on this side. The
slope of the gangway is one in 4 (123ft. in 50ft.), and the flat width 10ft.
The present road has doubtless largely degraded, being on a slope, and
much used in all ages.
7. Theslope of the outer side of the fosse on the south, being in line with
the slope outside of the fosse, east and west of that, points to an intention
of completing the fosse by removing the necks across it. ‘This suggests
that the work was never completed.
8. The trenches and tunnel now cut, prove that there is no access toa
chamber near the eastern neck.
gy. ‘The mound was based on a long, almost level, spur of down, running
N. from the present spur of old down which forms the western neck. This
spur fell away on the eastern side at a slope of at least 1 in 5.
10. The position of Silbury, so low down that it is hidden in most
directions by the nearest hills, would be most unlikely fora great monument,
as barrows are usually in prominent positions. ‘The low situation can only
be due to the need of making a water fosse round it. Such a feature strongly
supports the view that the fosse of Avebury was likewise intended to be
flooded. A promising line of enquiry now would be to seek on the Continent
for great earthworks which are not defensive, but which have a wet fosse
around. Any such works would indicate a direction of origin for the
constructors of these great monuments.
I have to thank Lord Avebury and H.M. Office of Works for the ready
permission to make this examination. From the digging of the shaft to
the cutting of the tunnel was seventy-two years, from the tunnelling to my
cutting was seventy three years; are we to wait seventy-two years more for
further exploration ?
‘
Q 2
218 Report of Diggings in Sulbury Hill, August, 1922.
For earlier work see the Salisbury volume of the Royal Archzxological —
Institute, 1851; papers by Dean Merewether, p. 73, and by OC. Tucker, p.
297, Also Wilts Arch. Mag., 1887, vol. xxiil., p. 245, on the pits sunk in ©
the fosse by A. C. Pass.
Note sy Mr. A. D. PAsSsMoRE.
During the excavation many fragments of deer horn picks were turned
up, all of which bear signs of very rough usage, the tines being broken |
away from the shafts probably in digging the rubble from the great ditch —
below. There were a few bones; these have been kindly examined by Dr. —
C. W. Andrews, F.R.S., who definitely determined them as red deer and |
pig. A few flint flakes—like the bones and horns—occurred at all |
depths; they are very rough waste chippings with no secondary work, |
stained grey by contact with the chalk, but dull and lustreless. In the |
top soil of the east neck was one piece of coarse pottery containing much |
broken shell and flint, probably native of the Roman period. The difference |
in herbage mentioned above by Prof. Petrie is probably explained by the |
fact that nothing bigger than a rabbit depastures the hill. In all the |
cuttings there was a remarkable absence of silting, the horizontal layers of |
rubble coming right out to the edge. This suggests that the hill was turfed |
over as made, thus any tendency of the loose rubble to roll down or to be |
washed down was effectually prevented.
I have sent photos to the Devizes Museum which illustrate the latter |
remark and show the work of excavation at different stages. |
219
SOME NOTES ON TROWBRIDGE PARISH CHURCH
REGISTERS.
By the Rev. A. W. Srors, M.A., Camb., F.S.G., Lond.,
Sometime Vicar of Holy Trinity, Trowbridge.
In 1910, by permission of the late Canon H. C. Coote, then Rector of
Trowbridge, I transcribed for Phillimore’s “ Wiltshire Parish Registers”
somewhere in the neighbourhood of 7000 entries of marriages solemnized in
the Parish Church of St. James, Trowbridge, between 1538 and the end of 1812.
Less than 700 Churches in England have preserved registers dating from
the year of Thomas Cromwell’s “Injunctions,” and Trowbridge is one of
them. It possesses a fine series of volumes of registers, and, as is most
commonly the case, the entries for the first seventy years or so in the first
volume are not the original entries but copies of them made by order on
parchment from the original (7 lost paper) book, and all written in the same
Early Jacobean hand. ‘l'rowbridge is rich in an unusually large number of
Commonwealth entries owing, I think, to the fact that the Royalist Rector
remained in his cure right through that distressful period and on into several
years after the Restoration. There isa note on p. 218 of the induction of
Mr. Thomas Pelling as Rector on the 23rd of Nov., 1621. His marriage
occurs five years later and his burial is recorded in 1664. On p. 217 there
is a memorandum dated 25th June, 1648, that three Keyes of the Parish
Chest were delivered one to “ Thos. Pelling y® minister” and one each to
the churchwarden and the overseer of the poor. An amusing story in
Walker’s “‘ Sufferings of the Clergy ” explains why there was no “ Intruder ”
at “Strabridge.” Walker, by the way, gives him the degree of D.D. Dr.
Pelling, was passing along the street of Trowbridge with his wife and
children, having just been dispossessed of his rectory, plundered and turned
out of doors, when he met an old friend in the Colonel of the Parliamentary
Army, who finding that he had been ejected for not taking the Covenant,
sent for the fellow who had executed the order of ejectment. ‘Taking a
copy of the Covenant from him, he gave it to the Rector and bade him put
it in his pocket. The Colonel went to “the men then in power,” asssured
them that on his own knowledge Dr. Pelling had ‘‘ taken the Covenant,”
and so obtained an order for reinstating him into the living, ‘““which he
was afterwards permitted to enjoy.” I cannot help thinking that Trow-
bridge Church records owe much to this timely meeting and to the Colonel’s
(
friendly subterfuge.
Some of the earliest entries refer to clergy. Amongst the burials are, e.g.,
“Thomas Molens parson of Truebridge” 15th Nov., 1558 (Rector in 1528) ;
“John Rundella priest” 29th Dec., 1558; and “John Vaughne mynister &
gentlma’” 25th Nov., 1599. “Mr. Thomas Webb rector of Truebridge died
the 10th daie of June and was buried the 2nd daie of July following 1595.”
This is rather remarkable! and so is the double entry in 1672: Aug. 13th,
220 Some Notes on Trowbridge Parish Church Registers.
** Ricardus Randall of Trowbridge clericus sepultus fuit,” and Aug. 15th,
“ Robertus Hawkence Rector sepultus fuit.” lMobert Hawkins, B.D., was
inducted, according to a note in the register, 17th Feb., 1664. When one of
the same name was buried in 1611 a marginal note recorded “ given by y®
same John Hawkins to y® use of y°® pore the some of xxli.”
It is much to be regretted that the pre-Jacobean entries, being copies
from a lost record, were in all probability much abbreviated by the scribe,
who would naturally wish to lessen his labours. But an entry of 23rd Jan.,
1584, gives one of those personal touches that occasionally peep out of the
pages, when it records the burial of ‘‘ Mistris Joane Longe widowe, a woman
of greate devotion.” Possibly she passed on her devout habits to descendants,
for on 20th May, 1680, the unusual note of “holy thursday” is appended
to the marriage of Anthony Long and Marie Hunt. Notable burials occur,
such as, 5th August, 1607, “‘ Frances Rodney the sonne of S'. John Rodney
in the countie of Somerset Kt.,” and 7th Sept. 1665, “The R'. Hon!* Charles.
L*. Seymore Baron of Trowbridge was interd in his valt in Trowbridge _
Church.” But far more interesting than these are the burials in 1702, of
* William Singer Aa six hundred man,” and in 1703 of “Simon Sloper a.
six hundred pound man.” A marriage record of 1702 has probably the
same meaning— John Davis and Marie Spicer a 6 hundred po ..... 2 Nhe
explanation is that by the Act of 1694 (6 & 7 Wm. III., c. 6) taxes were
imposed, “for the carrying on of the war against France with vigour,” by
which the revenue profited by 20s. for every burial of a person leaving real
estate of £50 and upwards or personal estate of £600 and upward. A
Duke under this Act cost £50 in taxes for burial, the same for his marriage, |
and at the birth of his eldest son he paid £30. In these good old days.
bachelors over 25 and widowers paid a tax of Is. per annum for the privilege
of remaining unmarried, whilst a bachelor Duke was mulcted in £12 10s.
Curiously enough, one of our Wilts deeds, which I found amongst some
documents that Mr. W. Haden, of Trowbridge, presented to the Society’s |
collection, has the signatures and seals of two of the above “600 men.” |
This deed is also signed and sealed by the then Rector, Robert Kelway |
(who was buried 6th March, 1716), and is the conveyance of some land, the |}
trust deed of the Bisse Charity for the apprenticeship of poor Trowbridge |
boys. The churchwardens of St. James’ still administer the charity, but |
their counterpart of the deed appears to be missing. So that a reference |
to our Wilts Collection of deeds may at any time become of real practical |
value.
About 1696 there are many marginal notes to the entries, such as, “‘ this.
is paied’’; “paied to the King” ; ‘‘Exam’d p me H. Flow Survey*.” (1699 |
marriages); ‘Surveyed pme Wm. Owen” (1703 burials); ‘Sarah Comley |
buried 16th Aug., 1702 to pay at lacock.” In 1712 some burial entries are |
marked “g.” “ Iu,” parish,” “*y°-5th Bell,”; “by y° Parish, “or by, syctoree
Bell,” the explanations of which may be guessed. |
Of course we have the usual centenarian whose real age cannot be verified |
in an entry under 7th June, 1697, “ John Thornicroft a hundred and seven |
years ould by report.” Probably he was not born in Trowbridge.
Tuckers and Bulls appear frequently in the registers—they still exist |~
there, and Tucker is, of course, a cloth-trade name. One Tucker who! :
By the Rev. A. W. Stote, M.A., Camb., F.S.G., Lond. “aan
flourished in the sixteenth century was, apparently, like Leah, afflicted in
the eyes, for the burial entry in 1547 is of “ Blynckinge Tucker’s wife”!
John Bull existed in duplicate in ‘Trowbridge in 1666, for ‘“‘ Margery wife
of redheaded John Bull” was buried then.
There isa page of the register (p. 344) devoted to the burials of “‘ decenters,”
and lists of “dissenters births” are given down to 1720. Baptisms are
recorded until Oct., 1653, after which “births” are noted very fully and
some from 26th March, 1655 are copied from Vol. i. into Vol. 11. ‘The next
“Baptism” occurs after the Restoration, and is dated 17th April, 1661. No
marriages are recorded between 1653 and 1659, and very few between 1645
and 1653; and no burials between June, 1642 and Feb., 1645. But otherwise
the Commonwealth period, when the registration duties were taken out of
the hands of the clergy by the Act of 1653, is well represented.
A “freak” entry occurs on the “births” page (p. 211) of 1674—9, as
follows :—‘‘ December the 15th, 1692, Anthony Bull Boft a hors of Edward
Shovell the prise 1—6—0 to pay the money July the 25th.” And there is
pathetic misery behind the record “ Francis a basse child of Joana Noman
was baptized the 4th day of Jan. laste, 1623, born at Studley as the mother
was walkinge on the highe waye.”
There are several entries apparently in clumsy imitation of the early
script, written in different ink, and by another hand, e.g., “1587 Nov.
William Wallis son of Mr. Thomas Wallis was baptized y® 19th day.” Some
other Wallis entries look equally doubtful. |
Curious names and eccentric spellings occur in all old registers. Amongst.
strange surnames [ noted Whithaier, Goodhaiers, Wildgoose, Pobge 1684
(=! Pobjoy, stilla Trowbridge name), Ghy (=? Guy), Godpath 1585, Patvyne
als Cuthberd, 1583, Holdeberde, 1582 (=! Wholebeard), Broadhed, Brodrib,
Drinkwater, 1688 (still a Trowbridge name), ‘Tiladames, 1580, and Withthe
1685 (=Withy). Robert Whichchurch, 1691, struck me as a typical Trow-
bridge man. At any rate, I remember finding a letter from a former Rector
of Trowbridge amongst my papers when Vicar of Holy Trinity, Trowbridge,
which showed that about 1839 the churchmanship of Trowbridge was of
such a fluid character that, as the Rector plaintively remarked, the Sunday
‘school teachers at Holy Trinity thought nothing of teaching one Sunday in
the Church school and the next in the Chapel Sunday school! But then,.
‘In those days the children were taught to read and write and do sums on
‘Sunday, the superintendent freely wielded the cane, and there was little
distinctly religious teaching given. Perhaps it was a marriage made in
heaven when John Peace wedded Grace Sweetling in 1693, and possibly
‘marriage was a failure when in 1782 Miss Weakly became Moody on her
wedding day! In 1755 a Uriah Witcomb married a Bathsheba Chapman !
Feminine names are sometimes curiosities. Frissy Dicks was later ‘‘ Frid-
iswead” when buried in 1711. I suppose it is a corruption of the saintly
name of Frideswide. Other uncommon names are Persela, Dianishia,
Quirinia, Yeadeth (Edith), Bethia, Damasen, Achsah, Hipsa, Burce, Bince,
Repentance, and (o rara avis) Silence Hales. boys’ names are not so
_peculiar, but I noted ‘“ Standuppe son of Alex. Smith als Corier” in 1609,
“ Zorobabell Webb son of Nathaniel Webb ” in 1595, Lowtherweek, 1677,
' became Lotherick in 1685, and an Adham Skull lived in 1691. Two families
222 Some Notes on Trowbridge Parish Church Registers.
of Smith are constantly distinguished by an alias, Smith als Corier and
Smith.als Singer.
Double Christian names were rare amongst the commonalty in early times,
so that “ Orange Robert son of Stephen and Elizabeth Renolds bap. 18th
May 1720” was a distinguished boy, though he would be much more re-
markable had he been born fifty or so years earlier. The entries of the
sixteenth century and the closing years of the seventeenth century are
often distinguished by the addition of a man’s trade. Among the cloth
trades I noted the early entry of 1650 ‘ John Bull broadweav’ ” (= broad-
weaver, Trowbridge being formerly famous for its broadcloth) ; 1698 “a
cloth drawer,” ‘“ William Tucker, a scrubler” (elsewhere scribler), and “a
duccke tucker”; 1699 ‘‘a burler” (who picked out the knots and loose
threads from the cloth) ; 1701 ‘a clother” (clothier); 1702 ** William Crab,
a shearman” (Crabbs appear in N. Wilts to-day, but the Poet Crabbe,
Rector of Trowbridge, was not of Wiltshire origin) ; 1702 “a wever” and
“a spiner”; 1703 ‘a spiner of duck” and “a slaymaker ” (a slay, or sley,
was a weaver’s reed for striking the web together); 1705 “a feltmaker,”
“Henry Crabb a clothworkrer,” “a cordmaker,” and “a wever’s printer ” ;
and 1706 “a cardmaker ” probably for carding the wool, not playing cards).
I am: not certain what “a liner” and “a backer” were, but ‘ milman” is
clear, as is also ‘‘corier,” or “curier,” whilst ‘“ staerman,” “ cacher” (? of
rats!), ‘‘coler” and “banner” are puzzles, and I am not sure that the
‘“‘fariner ” of 1702 was a foreigner, though he may have been a non-resident.
Sam Doons, the ‘‘scolmaster” of 1702 was probably better known than “John
Smith a souldier belonging to Coll. Windham’s regem!',” who died or was
killed in 1685. The “faierman ” and “ horsdriver tout” were possibly rather
more respectable members of society than the “bigard” (=? beggar) of
1698. Besides the many examples of common trades such as “ John Clark
of the Gorge, a seler of beare” (buried 1707) and the tinker, the “‘tylor,” |
the taylor, and ‘“‘ pothecary,” we have a “‘ druget maker ” (otherwise “drou- |
chet,” “ drucet,” and “‘ druetmaker,”) a “ bodismaker,” and a ‘‘ doubet maker.”
I hardly think that John Clark a “ gener ” in 1698 was “‘ generosus,” and I
suppose that a “molter” made malt.
In these rather scrappy gleanings from the Trowbridge Parish Registers
I have taken no note of such things as burial in woollen ; but imperfect as
they are, they may, I hope, serve to indicate some of the interesting results
- which an examination of old registers is almost sure to produce.
In conclusion I may note that a former Rector of Trowbridge went to
considerable expense in employing a clerk to compile a large and generously
conceived index to these Church registers. This index is well bound and
beautifully written, and is frequently consulted in the vestry room at St.
James’. But its value as regards the first volume of the registers is dis-
counted by the fact that the clerk made many transcriptional errors owing
to his faulty reading of the ancient script, so that references from this index
should always be verified from the original entry.
- In 1912 I sent a complete transcript of the marriage entries in the old
Trowbridge registers to Messrs. Phillimore & Co. for publication in their
Wiltshire Parish Registers Series, but the War intervened. At present
there does not seem to be any prospect of an early resumption of the
}
By the Rev. A. W. Stote, M.A., Camb., F.S.G., Lond. 223
publication of these marriage registers, but the Editor of Phillimore’s
Wiltshire Series, Mr. John Sadler, writes to me that he is very hopeful
that it will be possible before very long. Apparently about twenty more
subscribers of 10s 6d. per annum would ensure this excellent work being
resumed. Mr. Sadler’s address is 10, Woodville Road, Ealing, W. 5. He
has temporarily returned the MS. to me.
StRAY Novres oF some TROWBRIDGE RECORDS.
The following were copied by me in 1910 when examining the contents
of the safe in which the old parish registers of St. James’, Trowbridge, are
kept :—
(1) A Letter dated 1675. “Mr. John Daues this is to give notes yt James
Mayshman hath bin with mee a bout his prentes boy y* next weeke you
shall have y* seteuecat & y® Handes & selles of y° Church wardens &
over seeres of y® poore to take him a gayne if hee profe Charytabel.
this is y° needfully at p'sent ffrom your Lo: ffriend
WILL BARTON.
Westbury y* 26 Septemb 75.”
{2) A Warrant to levy rates dat. 29 Sept., 1679.
Signed(with three armorial seals) by Edw: Hungerford ?J. Hall, Jo: Aishe.
“Arrears. Imprs. Nicholas 'emple 2s. Od.
Sheffton Waite
Jasper Luise
John Turner
Wilham Archard
John Thurnell
Francis Webb
Thomas Adlam
James Priest
Thomas Pinchin
Anthony Smith
Thomas Witchell
William Moody
Hugh Chivers
Jeremiah Asten
Roger Deuerell
Edward Bayly
pBRoOFNe KF PE NOR ee pPOnto
Sooo ore oo So OO CoS 21°
|43) An account of 1708.
“ Paid Ellesebeth Barencs for her Ling in & y®° Midwyfe . . .
Itm. for y° first Montes subsistance ffeb: 13: 1708 iGelse= 6d
ffor y° secon? March 13 OF Gr O00
ffor y® third Month: Apill 10: OFF GE 00
ffor 3 wickes Maie O04) 06
Ish a CO)
| (4) The Story of a Runaway Apprentice.
“Wilts: To the Worshipp" his Majesties Justices of the Peace att their
224 Some Notes on Trowbridge Parish Church Registers,
Speciall Session held att y¢ George in Trowbridge January the 5th 1727.
“ These are to inform your worshipps that Thomas Webb of Hilperton
Bound his Son George Webb an apprentice unto William Hendbest of
‘Trowbridge Carpenter for 7 yeares Ebdjohn (2)! Mereweather and Joseph
Cray filld up the Indentures one filld up one of them and the other
filld the other Indenture and saw them signed sealed and executed this —
is all as they Can say or know / he is now desireious to know where he.
must be Parishioner att Hilperton or Trowbridge.”
[Another document, undated ? 1727.] “Thomas Webb of Hilperton bound
his son George apprentice to William Henbest of Trowbridge carpenter
for 7 years he served about two years runnaway sold himself to the
Plantations in America stole away there from his master & came to
England to Bristell where the Merchant that sold him took him there
again and putt him in Prison intending for to send him over again to
his master into America: his friends hearing this Goes Downe to
Bristoll and buys him off from the Merchant brings him up to:
Trowbridge to Thomas Coleys there they buys himm off from his
Master Henbest gave 2 Gineys for y* Reast of his Time and Burnt
their Indentures Tis alsoe said that these Indentures was Neaver
Sent up to the Stampt officer to be signed & there was four Pounds
gave with the apprentice to his master Tho: Coley John White Mary
Steevins & others Can witness this of called thereunto: Now this
apprentice is since maried one Child allready and another allmost
Come he is living att Bath & Bath people Requires a discharge he is
desireous to know where he isa Parishioner to Trowbridge or Hilperton.”
(5) A Settlement Record of 1728.
‘An Account of what Thos. Read can collect relating to the settlement.
of Rich*®. Poole.
ffarmer Rober Who saith that he well knew the s* Richard Poole |
Barth of Bainton ) that he was an apprentice to Andrew Long, a Shu- |
note he is no maker of Steeple Ashton that since he & his family
paymaster to intruded himself in to the parish of Edyngton his wife
parish Rates & familly being visited with sicknesse was for a con-
Charles Watten ) siderable time relieved by the parish of Steeple Ashton |
attests the same ) & further saith that his sister tended the family when
No paymaster to ) sick of the small pox & was paid for doing that by the
parish Rates parishioners of Steeple Ashton/
“My Lord Powlett having reccollected himself about the Affair of
Pools wife & children doe think it incumbent for the Parish of Edington
to assist the Parish of Trowbridge in maintenance of their order as far
as possible & will give directions pershuant thereto, this message was
sent me by ffarmer John Apprise Be Anes W728;
“In the month of Sept. 1691 the p’ish of Edington promised an order
for the removeing of Richard Poole from Edington to Steeple Ashton /
“And in the month of Oct. 1691 the s* Richard Poole was carried
1 Probably Abjohn Merewether, of Hilperton, son of John Merewether, of
London, gent., and Mary, his wife. (A. W.S.)
By the Rev. A. W. Stote, M.A., Camb., F.S.G., Lond. 29,
with his family to Steeple Ashton & delivered to the proper officers &
the parish of Steeple Ashton never appealed against the said order.
This if occasion be will be attested by Thomas Reed of Edington who
was the overseer of the said parish./
“Hdington Register sets forth that Hugh Poole son of Richard Poole
- was baptized the 22"4 day of April 1693. Mr. Read’s Instructions.”
(6) “A Coppy of Certificate of Wm. Hervey. Date 1740.
- 1767 from Trowbridge To Bradford.
- Wilts Ss { To the Ch: Wardens & O’seers of the Poor of Bradford in
the said County & to each or either of them.
“We whose hand & seals are hereunto subscribed & set being the
Major part of the Churchwardens & Overseers of the Poor of the P’sh
of Trowbridge in the County of Wilts aforesaid Do hereby Certifie that
we do Own and Acknowledge William Hervey Broadweaver Elizabeth
his wifeand Sarahtheirdaughter And alsoJohn Woodward Broad weaver
Ann his wife & William their son to be Inhabitants Legally settled in
our said Parish of ‘Trowbridge. And we do hereby promise for our
Selves & Successors to receive them into our said Parish whensoever they
shall become Chargeable to your said Parish of Bradford. In Witness
whereof we have hereunto Respectively set our Hands & Seals the 23"
day of August in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred
& forty in the 14 year of His Majesty’s Reign.
Sealed & subscribed Ghorchuardccs Wm. Temple (Seal)
in the presence of Richard Cottle (seal)
John Davison Jnoathan Reynolds (seal)
John Morice his mark Oyetsecss Jn° Read (seal)
| ‘“We whose names are hereunto subscribed Two of his Majesty’s
Justices of the Peace for the said County of Wilts do allow of the above
certificate & Do hereby certifie that the abovenamed Jo. Morrice made
Oath before us that he with Jo. Davison the other Witness Attesting
the Execution of the above Certificate did see the Churchwardens &
Overseers of the Poor of the Parish of Trowbridge aforesaid severally
signe & seal this certificate & that the names of the said Jo. Davison &
Jo. Morice are their own proper handwriting and mark given under
! our hande the 25" day of August in the year 1740
A True Copy J. Cooper
J. Bush. J. Thrasher”
A WILTSHIRE LABOURING MAN’s PEDIGREE.
It is not often that a working man can produce a proved pedigree of ten
fe tions. Such was shown me by a former parishioner of mine, Obed
‘George Sellwood, living in 1915 at 23, Park Street, Trowbridge, and born
about 1845 at Upavon. I had to sign as Vicar a certificate that he was
alive in order that he might draw a small annuity that he inherited under
the will of a collateral ancestor ; and I copied as given herewith part of a
‘document which he possessed proving his descent. It runs as follows...
“The said John Sellwood now of Upavon in the County of Wilts also
\maketh oath that He is related by ties of consanguinity to John West late
|
226 Some Notes on Trowbridge Parish Church Registers.
of London gent., Deceased, in such manner as the Pedigree or account of
the same hereunder written appears . . . as follows That Mrs. West,
deceased, whose maiden name was Stare, late mother of the said Mr. John
West, had a sister by name Jane Stare, which said Jane Stare married to
Joseph Randle, & had issue John Randle, which said John Randle by
Anstice his wife had issue one daughter named Anstice, which said Anstice
Randle married with May and had issue one daughter named Anstice,
which said Anstice May married with Thomas Hendry and had issue one
daughter named Anstice, which said Anstice Henday married with Thomas
Evans & had issue one son named Thomas, which said Thomas Evans
married with Bridget Coles & had issue Thomas Evans, who married with
Jane Springford & had issue one daughter named Mary, which said Mary
Evans married with John Sellwood, this deponent’s grandfather, by whom
he had issue one son named John, this deponent’s father, who married with
Sarah Sutton & had issue this deponent, Obed George Selwood.”
ROMANO-BRITISH VILLAGHS ON UPAVON anp RUSHALL
DOWNS, EXCAVATED BY LT. COL. HAWLEY, FSA.
In the Wiltshire Gazette, of July 17th, 1899, was printed the paper read
by Mr. (now Lt.-Col.) W. Hawley, at the recent meeting of the Wilts
Archeological Society. I am allowed by the kind permission of Col,
Hawley to print an abstract of the most important parts of this paper,
which he has seen and approved. The objects found were afterwards given
by him to the British Museum. In our own Museum at Devizes are a
Jarge number of bronze and iron objects, tools, &c., from Rushall and
Wilsford Downs, some of which may have come from the sites excavated
by Col. Hawley. (See the index to the Catalogue of Antiquities in the
Museum at Devizes, Part II.). Ep. H. Gopparp.
The site of the first village excavated is described as on a high point of
down about one-and-a-half miles west of Compton, in Enford, apparently
on the eastward point of the promontory of down between the two main
branches of “ Water Dean Bottom.” Three-quarters of a mile further west
stood the second village, considerably larger than the first, on the same
spur of down, overhanging a deep valley on the north and north-west sides,
As at this point a distance of about one-and-a-quarter miles covers the
narrow strips of five parishes, Enford, Upavon, Rushall, Charlton, and
_Wilsford, it is not easy to say in which of these the two sites are situated.
Perhaps they may cross the boundaries of more than one parish, but the
smaller village appears to be in Upavon parish and the larger in Rushall.
Casterley Camp is not far off.
In May, 1897, a man who had been employed by Col. Hawley in digging
_ brought him what he called a shield, which had been found ploughed up by
\
!
|
;
his nephew. This was the Roman pewter salver now in the British Museum.
It is of the same character as those from the Manton find, now at Devizes.
Col. Hawley found that the arable field from which it came was everywhere
strewn with Romano-British and some Samian sherds of pottery. On the
ground above this sloping field a number of rectangular banks and en-
closures, and depressions were clearly visible. This was the site of the
larger village, the furthest from Compton. Four portions of a rim of a
rather smaller pewter salver were subsequently brought to Col. Hawley,
and he was told that two or three had been found there formerly and thrown
about the field until lost sight of. This site was on Mr. Stratton’s land,
The site of the smaller village near Compton, was on the land of Mr. Rowden
and Mr. Arnold. Excavations were carried out on both sites by Col. Hawley.
_ Roman coins are found in considerable numbers all over the neighbourhood
of these sites. Those found by Col. Hawley, numbering about a hundred
and twenty, extended from Gallienus 260—268 (a silver coin) down to the
close of the Roman occupation, and included coins of Maximian, Postumus,
Allectus, 'Tetricus, The Constantines, Constans, Constantius, Victorinus,
Gratian, Theodosius and Valentinian, ‘Two of Maximian were very little
228 Lomano-british Viliages on Upavon and Rushall Downs.
worn, and the impressions sharp. One was silvered. Both were sent to
the British Museum, ‘These were the only ones of consequence. Col.
Hawley was told that small hoards of coins had been found formerly.
Pottery included coarse handmade ware found round the highest part of
the large village. Of this none was found in the smaller village. Of the
distinctly Roman pottery found both in the larger and the smaller village,
no whole vessel occurred, and in only a few cases was it possible to put
together any considerable portion of one. More than half of the pottery
came from New Forest kilns. A bowl and a shallow dish and mortarium
of Samian, a mortarium of imitation Samian, a jug of New Forest ware,
fragments of colanders, fragments rounded for counters, and fragments of
amphoree or jars of large size, some perforated with holes, were the principal
things found. There were also flat bricks and roof tiles of pottery as well
as stone. Of these latter some were of sandstone and some of oolite. |
Fragments of stone were common, but most. of it appeared to have been ©
dug up and carried away for building purposes. Querns, all fragmentary,
occurred in numbers. Of sculptured stone there were found only a small |
capital, and what was at first thought to be another capital, but proved |
later to be asmall altar; square in shape with large concentric rings on |
four sides. On the top was a round depression for the offering. This is |
at the British Museum. At the larger village “a curious figure of a face |
cut in chalk,” was found. |
Of iron objects nails were common, and there was a curious article |
consisting of a chain having two. qaplerente attached to it, now recognised |
as keys. |
Knives, sandal cleats, fragments of a fine two-pronged hoe, a pruning |
hook or coal sickle, a flat pan like a frying pan, a lange spoon or ladle, parts
of horseshoes, an iron fibula, awls, and styli, and “‘some remains of miners’ |
gads (or perhaps picks), which had been cut into pieces of scrap iron by |~
the smith, for converting into other objects.” _
The bronze objects were chiefly parts of fibulee and armillz, two perfect |
examples of each were found, some of the “armille” being'so small that |~
“A piece of bronze chain and a bronze hook, and an iron one in close | |
proximity, which perhaps belonged, and formed a chain for looping together }
the costume at the neck.” Finger rings and ‘‘a heel tip of a sandal.” ‘There 1
was also found a bronze ferrule for the butt end of a spear, shaped like a)
door knob, resembling Fig. 426 in Evans’ Bronze Implements. ‘his is of | —
the Bronze Age, and is the only example of the type known from Wilts. |
Glass was rarely met with, and consisted of fragments of a large square!
bottle, a thin beaker, and small bottles. Only two glass beads were found.)
The worked bones were few. A point with rivet hole for attachment to}
a shaft, as an arrow or spear head, and a deer horn pick were found in aj
pit; a knife handle, a large needle or stylus, and an object like a shoe horn)
were the chief things found. Red deer and roe deer horns were found, the|
former much the commonest ; bones of pig, small oxen, and sheep occurred]
everywhere. “In the larger village I came upon a rectangular pit, 8ft. long)
by 5ft. wide, and 7ft. deep, filled with the bones of various animals, chiefly)
oxen and sheep and red deer, and nothing but bones, except a stray bit 0) —
tecavated by Lt.-Col, Hawley, FS. A. 229
pottery here and there. It would almost seem as if, the village being
littered with bones, an edict had gone forth from the head man that all
bones were to be collected and buried. I know of no other way to account
for it.”
Col. Hawley especially mentions the finding of mineral coal about 3ft.
below the surface at the spot where the sculptured capitals were found in
the larger village, about 150 yards above the spot where the pewter salver
was found.' He suggests that possibly it may have been brought there in
small quantities for use in sacrifice or some other religious purpose. Oyster
shells occurred in numbers, at one spot two hundred were found together.
Mussel and Periwinkle shells were also found.
Col. Hawley remarks that the soil on the village sites is everywhere
black, that the roads through the villages, and in some cases, the narrow
lanes between the dwellings can be traced. He found a number of pits
which he regards as dwelling pits in the higher part of the larger village,
varying in depth from 6ft. to 9ft., the sides in some cases being slightly
undercut. Traces of fire occurred at the bottom of all. ‘‘ Close to a cluster
of three I found a small shallow one about 4ft.wideandabout thesame depth,
in the centre of which was a mound of puddled clay and chalk, having a
ring of about a foot all round between itself and the side, in which traces
of fire were observable. This, I have not the slightest doubt, was used as
an oven, for after the mound in the centre had been made nearly red hot,
cakes could have been placed over it to bake and the mouth of the hole
closed whilst the operation went on.” These pits Col. Hawley regards as
the dwellings of the earlier inhabitants, as opposed to the rectangular above-
ground huts of the Romano- british period.
| Under these later houses several examples of the T-shaped hypocaust
_were found. ‘These consisted of a main flue, 12ft. to 16ft. in length and 2ft.
wide, branching at the head into two side flues at right angles Ift. wide.
The sides of the flues were of good masonry, sometimes of flint, sometimes
of squared chalk, and in one instance of large slabs of stone, and mortar
was used in all cases. The fire was lighted at the base of the T, and the
smoke probably was carried off from the ends of the cross flues by chimnies.
Col. Hawley thinks from the number of bones, &c., found near the fireplaces
that cooking was carried on there.? He notices “In the enclosures where
'T have since met with mineral coal at Stockton and other Romano-
British sites, but only a few fragments and very lustreless from age.
|
|
| W. Hawley (1923).
}
2“It was not until digging at Stockton that I became aware of the nature
| _of the “hypocausts’ and could see that they were used as ovens and perhaps
| for other uses, such as decorticating grain, or even for malting. Besides
| their use for baking bread they were probably used for cooking food, many
| bones and oyster shells being present. Charred remains of grain ane straw
/are almost invariably found in the flues. ‘The heat from the cross flue at
__ the end was deflected back by means of tiles inserted in the wall at the end
|
|
|
230 Komano-British Villages on Upavon and Rushall Downs.
the newer houses stood, one frequently comes across a round pit excavated
in the chalk about 4ft. deep and 3ft. wide—too small for a dwelling pit, for
which it was certainly not intended, for the excavated clean chalk was
carefully put back and rarely contains anything. These, I noticed, were at
a lower level than the house, and I think were used for soak drains to keep
the place dry, for rain water would accumulate in the depressed enclosures
and be difficult to get rid of.”
The area of the small village is about nine acres, and was surrounded by
a ditch and bank, no doubt stockaded. ‘The main road led up to the village
and across it just inside and along the bank on the east side, passing out on
the north side and down to a point where a well still exists, no doubt the ||
source of the water supply. On the east side an area larger than that of |
the village itself is surrounded by a bank, the ends of which join the north |
and south banks of the village, no doubt a cattle enclosure.
ROMAN ROAD AT CONHOLT.
Incidentally Col. Hawley notices two sections which he made of the |
Roman road at Conholt, in 1898. ‘The crown of the road was put together
with the greatest possible care; the flints imbedded in a substance which |
held them so tightly that it was with great difficulty that they could be |
moved; below this there were layers of gravel and coarse sand, and one |
which deserves special attention, for it was five inches thick and composed |
of calcined flint of a very uniform granulation, amongst which were black |
ashes of the wood used in process of calcination. Below this again was |
more gravel, and the whole ended in a nicely smoothed base of clay, sloping |
away to the ditches on either side. The object of this construction evidently |
was to ensure filtration, and prevent water settling in any part of the road, |
which, if frozen, would cause expansion and affect the solidity of the road.”* |
about 6in. or 8in. above the cross flue. I suspect a dome to have been made |
over the oven floor, but as this was nearly, if not quite, on ground level, all |
further evidence of these places has been swept away. I found seven at |
Stockton, but the finest specimens were found at Kockbourne by Heywood |
Sumner, one of which had three divergent flues from the fire. With the ;
exception of one with chalk blocks at Rushall, all were lined and covered |
with slabs of oolite ragstone. The same applied to two found at Beckett, |
in Berks, and although I found none of these ovens at Corhampton, Hants, |
smaller pieces. They are not earlier than the second century, as Romano- |
Gallic ware is present in nearly all instances, and at Stockton a coin of;
Tetricus was embedded in the stucco composing the oven floor above thel)
long flue. In some instances [ could detect the lines of walls of the buildings)
these places stood in, but being little below ground level peek had nearly;
disappeared.- —W. Ha wiry. 1923.” |
road, and was opened by myself aa a man, ag HAWLEY.
231
WILTSHIRE NEWSPAPERS—PAST AND PRESENT
(Continued. )
PART IV. NEWSPAPERS OF NORTH WILTS. “THE
WILTSHIRE INDEPENDENT.”
By J. J. SLADE.
It is significant of the position of Devizes as the capital of North Wilts,
that, although it has never had a large population, judged by modern
‘standards, it at one time published three weekly newspapers from inde-
pendent offices (there are three yet, but two are published from one office).
‘These three were the Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette, the Wiltshire Inde-
pendent, the Devizes Adverteser; and they were being sold every market
day (lhursday) from 1858 to 1876. ‘Two of these, the Gazetteand Advertiser,
have been dealt with in previous articles.
| The Waltshire Independent is in a class by itself. It was not one of the
early ventures—pre-19th or early-19th century—which were the pioneers
of Wiltshire journalism. Neither was it one of the more numerous
class which came into existence when the mid-century was passed, when
‘easier conditions as to stamp duty and advertisements duty, combined
with the facilities of partly-printed news sheets sent down from London,
‘made the publication of a newspaper a less onerous undertaking than
it was in earlier days. When it came into existence five-pence was a
normal price for a weekly paper. At the same time newspapers had ad-
vanced well beyond the comparatively tiny sheets of the first decades of the
century, and they had acquired a form which the older generation
now living easily remembers. Looking through its files, therefore, the
Independent has not the quaint appearance of the Devizes Gazette or the
Salisbury Jounal of twenty years earlier, Of these files, it may be added,
the only set known is that which is in the Depository of the British Museum,
near Hendon. Enquiries in likely quarters in Wiltshire brought to light
only two copies of the whole forty years’ issues. No doubt other copies
are lying, forgotten, among the relics of bye-gone days in old cupboards or
chests. he files which presumably were kept in the office of the paper
seem to have disappeared.
The Wiltshire Independent’s:career began when William [V. was king,
but broadly speaking it synchronised with the first four decades of the
reign of Victoria. Its first number appeared on November 24th, 1836 ;
in the following June the girl-Queen was called to the throne. It was
published avowedly as the mouthpiece of the Liberal Party in North Wilts,
but the names of its principal backers are not on record; the only one
which has been recovered from obscurity, by a casual allusion in the Gazette,
| * For previous Parts see Wilts Arch. Mag., xl., pp- 37—74, 129—141, 318,
'—351; xli., pp. 5869, 479—501.
VOL, XLII.—NO. CXXXVIII. K
232 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
is that of Mr. Benjamin Anstie, a member of the well-known firm of snuff
(now tobacco) manufacturers, of Devizes, and grandfather of Mr. EK. Louis |
Anstie and Mr. Edmond G, Anstie. The paper was practically the same_ s
size as the Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette—four pages, six columns to a ©
page, length of column some 224 inches. As it was avowedly in competition !
with the older journal it endeavoured to overcome the handicap by coming ~
out at 4d., the Gazette being 5d. ve
A searlienibes of The Independent at the start was the printing of the i
name of the Editor immediately under the title on the front page. As was” 3
mentioned in a previous article (on the Z’rowbridge Chronicle), it was not
very exceptional to incorporate the name of an editor-proprietor in a title— |
‘‘Simpson’s Salisbury Gazette”; “ Berrow’s Worcester Journal”; ‘‘ Felix =
Farley's Journal” come to mind at once. But in this case the name of the |
Editor was an addendum: “ Edited by Charles Hooton, Esquire, author of |
Bilberry Thurland, etc., etc.” The publisher’s name (as in the case of the |
Trowbridge Chronicle) was given the same prominent position—“ Printed _
and published by Thomas Scarlet,’at the office in Wine Street, Devizes.” |
The title was embellished with the Royal Arms, with the motto “ The Truth —
and the Right.” 4
It is to be feared that Charles Hooton as an author did not make an ‘
enduring name for himself, and that “ Bilberry Thurland” did not find a —
place among the English classics, whatever may have happened to any off |
his “ provi” All that is known about the book is that it was published: q
by Bentley, as shown in an advertisement of Bentley’s books appearing in |
the Independent; it is described in the list as being in three volumes, post |
octavo, with plates ; the price is not stated. The only information available |
concerning this first editor of the Independent is found in an article in |
“Tait’s Magazine,” from which he quoted with becoming modesty in the |
third issue of the paper. ‘‘ Tait’s Magazine” was a leading Radical organ |
of the time, and this article dealt with the increase in the number of Liberal |
newspapers due to the reduction in the Stamp Duty. Reviewing the position |
in Wiltshire the article names the Salisbury and Winchester Journal as the |
only Liberal paper; besides which there were two Tory papers, one at |
Salisbury [the Salisbury and Wiltshire Herald] and the other at Devizes |
[the Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette]. ‘But a second Wiltshire Liberal |
newspaper is about to appear in the latter town. The Editor is a gentleman |
of superior abilities and a writer of great vigour on political subjects. |
Unless restrained by a fear of too abruptly dealing with the prejudices of an |
agricultural district hitherto undisturbed by anything like rough handling, |
with those reforming doctrines which have made such progress in other |
districts of Merry England.”
Hine sequel to this commendatory introduction was disappointing. In the |
et Bilberry Thurland” vanished from the heading. ‘This must have been an |
indication that the star was on the wane, for in the fifth number (for |
December 22nd, 1836) the name of the Editor also disappears, and there is}
the laconic announcement that “the proprietors of the Waltshire Independent | |
take leave to inform the public that Mr. Hooton is no longer the Editor of} |
By J. J. Slade. 233
the paper.” It is permissible to conjecture, in view of the curtness of the
statement, that there had been some unpleasantness. In the same issue
the name of the publisher is taken away from the title ; henceforth it is
printed only in the usual position, at the foot of the last column. This
imprint, as it appeared in the first number, was as follows :—
| “Printed and published every Thursday afternoon, price Fourpence,
by T. Scarlet, at the office of THz INDEPENDENT, Wine St., Devizes,
by whom and by the following agents advertisements, communications
for the editor, authenticated articles of intelligence (postage free) will
be received.”
_ The list of agents showed that the management of the new paper was
/casting, or endeavouring to cast, its net over a wide area; they were
‘at Amesbury, Bradford, Bath, Bristol, Corsham, Calne, Chippenham,
Cirencester, Cricklade, Frome, Highworth, Hungerford, Malmesbury,
Melksham, Marlborough, Ramsbury, Salisbury, Swindon, Shaftesbury,
‘Trowbridge, Warminster, Westbury, Wootton Bassett. The paper was
‘also regularly filed by Messrs. Newton & Co., Warwick Square, Mr.
| Reynell, Chancery Lane, coe Starie, 59, Museum Street, Bloomsbury, “and
by all provincial agents.” The list of towns and agencies fluctuated from
time to time ; but it is not necessary to record these minute changes.
The scale of charges for advertisements, as given, ranged from 3s. 6d. for
‘three lines as a minimum to £1 7s. for 100 lines, and 6d. for every ad-
‘ditional three lines, duty included, with a reduction of 15 per cent. when
| there was more stent one insertion.
_ The most important item in the first issue (from the point of view of the
present article) was the “ Prospectus of the Wiltshire Independent,” which
came at the head of the first column on the first page. It said :—
| “In the County of Wilts the establishment of a thoroughly Liberal
| newspaper has long been demanded by the public. At the present
time it is most particularly so—that demand the ‘“ WILTSHIRE
| INDEPENDENT” will endeavour to supply.
| “Besides perfect and extensive reports of all London and provincial
markets and fairs and all other transactions of importance that can
| interest the farmer and trader of the county, the ‘INDEPENDENT ”
__ will contain such a complete and interesting summary of every Parlia-
mentary, Domestic, and Foreign intelligence as cannot fail to render it
| superior to any paper at present published amongst us.
“The extensive circulation already obtained for this paper, combined
with the reduced scale of charges which it has adopted, will secure to
advertisers facilities hitherto unenjoyed.
| “ By the establishment of agencies in every place of importance in
: the county for the weekly transmission of local news (to which as well
| as to the advocacy of all local improvements most particular attention
will be paid) it must at once appear that while giving to all a complete
body of information from every part of the county, the “INDEPENDENT”
| may in fact be considered as ensuring for each of these respective towns
_ the same purposes as would a newspaper of its own.
‘In all other respects we hope to deserve the patronage of every class
of society. With the rising intelligence of the people the character of
Ree
|
234 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
the newspaper ought also to be raised and instead of being a merely
mute and pointless register of events it ought to call all human energies
into action for the advancement of science, of morality, of sound
knowledge, and through these of the great cause of national improve-
ment in which so many of our fellow-countrymen are employing the
whole resources of the human mind.
‘“‘ With these views, and carefully banishing all offensive details from
our pages, we shall undeviatingly seek to render the ‘“‘ WILTSHIRE
INDEPENDENT ” a good family newspaper.
‘* Besides affording every requisite information to the man of business,
in its literary and miscellaneous departments the thing will be both
interesting and improving ;—the gay will find matter for amusement,
and the serious be furnished with materials for profitable reflection.
Nay, and neither expense nor labour will be spared to render the
‘‘ INDEPENDENT ” a desirable acquisition for the table of the drawing
room and a welcome weekly visitor at the fireside of the politician, the
agriculturist, the tradesman, and the general reader.
‘‘ Having said this much on the PLAN of our paper, now for a word
on its PrincrpLes. In politics we shall take a most decided position
in the Liberal ranks. And though we enter the field with the fixed
determination to direct our heaviest artillery against all defence of public
evils and abuses, yet shall we be ever ready to receive any measure
calculated to improve the social and political conditions of the country
be they offered by the hand of whatever party they may. Personalities
will be most scrupulously avoided. That respect which we desire to
have entertained for our conscientious opinions calls upon us also to
evince an equal respect for the conscientious opinions of others.
Whenever and with whom we may differ we shall differ as friends; as
friends we shall argue; as friends endeavour in all christian spirit to
reconcile and adjust; but never in our columns shall be discovered the |
malignity and bitterness of mere party opposition.
“Tn general the “INDEPENDENT,” while aiming (as nearly as the |
work of man may aim) to fulfil the pure and unperverted precepts of |
the Immortal Mind when first pronounced—‘ Peace on Earth, and |
Good Will to Men,” distinct from all sects alike, yet advocating the |
christianity of all, our religious feelings will be characterised by
humanity, charity, and universal toleration.”
The contents, “make-up,” and printing of the paper were creditable.
Unlike the many papers which sprang into existence twenty years later
with the assistance of half-printed sheets, it was all ‘composed ” in the
Devizes office. Its general features corresponded with those of the papers |
of the time. They comprised Agricultural and Commercial intelligence |
(extending over three columns) including what was, apparently, a specially- /
written ‘Agricultural Report for the Neighbourhood of Devizes; |
Foreign news; ‘Spirit of the Press” (extracts from the editorial opinions |
of other papers); miscellaneous matter; Latest Intelligence; and a fair i .
amount, for the time, of local and district news, chiefly in paragraphs. The [ }
advertisements were sufficiently numerous to encourage the promoters of { x
the new venture, assuming they were paid for on the scale as advertised, and
|
By J. J. Slade. 235
_ the inclusion of one of respectable length inviting tenders for Army contracts
suggests that there was influence at work in some Government quarters.
As was usual in the papers of those days, the Editor did not confine his out-
look to his county ; he gathered news from farther afield if it suited his pur-
pose. Thus, there isa satirical report of a meeting of the West Norfolk Con-
servative Association ; and, in the following week, a column and a-half
report of a meeting in favour of the Poor Law as far off as County Clare!
The editorial matter included an ‘“‘ Address to the Public” of a full
column. It is too long to quote, nor is quotation necessary, as it was
mainly a declaration of political faith, two of the chief points being Reform
of the Church and Reform of the Peerage. Further, there were two lead-
‘ing articles, one on Municipal Elections, the other on Rural Police
Commissions. The editorial pen was also busy with an article (in large
type) on “ The Old Militia, a Chapter in the History of Devizes; by the
author of Bilberry Thurland.” “Lhe Notice to Somesnondlenia 2 is
sufficiently piquant to quote :—
“Communications must be brief and pithy. The fewer words the
better. Even for their own sakes we entreat our correspondents not
to suffer themselves on any occasion to become prosy. It will injure
their constitutions by confining them too long ina leaning position
over their desks. Wealso beseech them in the matter of metaphors
and other figures of speech to curb their pegasusses as much as possible
and on no account whatever to mention the names of Morpheus,
Somnus, Venus, or any other common god usually to be met with in
a newspaper. In short they will be pleased to write common sense in
common language.”
| The writer might have specified also Old Sol, Jupiter Pluvius, and
'Terpsichore, which to this day obtrude themselves into the paragraphs
written by some aspiring young reporters !
A literary tone was given to the pages of the ‘‘ Independent,” no doubt
partly because of the tastes of its first editor. It is interesting to note that
itsliterary extracts included one from “‘ Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick
Club,” then (January, 1837) in course of appearance; a reference to
Washington Irving’s “ Astoria,” also a contemporary publication ; and an
‘announcement of the forthcoming i issue of that admirable periodical “ Bent-
ley’ 8 Miscellany.”
The founders of the Independent, ecak men, realised the importance of
receiving, if possible, the patronage of the agricultural community, as the
review of the contents of the paper above will indicate. ‘There was also a
direct bid for this support in the following declaration :—
“The Devizes Corn Market has for centuries held a high rank among
the markets of the Kingdom. During the present century especially it
has been gradually, but steadily progressing. ‘lo ignore the improve-
| ment of the roads, the increase of the population of the town and
neighbourhood, have all tended to advance it to its present magnitude
and importance, but unquestionably its prosperity is chiefly attributable
to the very honourable and gentlemanly conduct of the farmers and
|
|
\
dealers who attend the market ; the unbroken uniformity of which has
won for it the character and name of ‘“‘the respectable market of
|
} -
236 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present. .
Devizes.” It requires but two things to render it a most complete
market—a glass-roofed market house and a correct system for return —
of sales. To the former only can we now allude, though we hope ere
long to call attention to it, upon the latter we wish to say a few words.” —
Who immediately succeeded Mr. Charles Hooton as editor we do not
know; but the successor either had not read the “ Prospectus” or he ~
gave a very liberal interpretation to the promise that “ personalities
will be most scrupulously avoided,” and that “‘ whenever and with whom
we may differ we shall differ as friends.” In the autumn of 1837 there was °
an election, and the candidates for North Wilts were Mr. Walter Long, Mr, —
Paul Methuen, and Sir Francis Burdett. The two former were the old |
members, the one a Tory the other a Whig; Sir Francis Burdett was a
second Tory candidate, a convert (or pervert) from the Radicals. With a
tolerably extensive acquaintance with electioneering criticism, we do not
remember quite so excoriating lashes as those which the Wiltshire Indepen-
dent rained upon Sir Francis Burdett. ‘“ The candidate who opposes an old
and tried representative (says one editorial article) has a double dye of black-
ness attached to his character. To the tyranny of Toryism he adds the infamy
of an apostate: an apostate, be it remembered, very far more deeply sunk in —
degradation than any of the servile herd to whom he was the last and most |
signal addition.” Reference was further made to the ‘ suicidal conduct of
this decrepid and infatuated man ”—to “imbecile Tory prints ””—to “con- _
tamination with a person immersed in political infamy and moral degrada. |
tion,”—to “ the unspeakable servility of a clique who are ready to muster |
round the soiled banner of a creature so emasculated in mind and go
degraded in character.” It was disconcerting that after this, Sir Francis
was returned at the top of the poll, even over Mr. Long; and it is not sur- |
prising to read that the editor was “ greatly disappointed at the result.” He |
comforted himself with the reflection that it was due to a conspiracy of |
clergymen, landlords, country gentlemen, and farmers, “aided by a gang |
of miscreants.” When Sir Francis died,in January 1844, the editor of |
the Independent observed the motto, as far as he consistently could, De |
mortuis nil nist bonum ; he merely quoted the obituary notice which |
appeared in the Sun newspaper. This opened with an expression of |
“unfeigned regret”; it went on to refer to Sir Francis’s defection from |
the cause of reform, but it was not undiscriminating in its condemnation. |
It is expedient to explain that this episode is alluded to without the |
least political bias. It is recounted because the vigorous polemics of the |
Independent in its early days ought not to be overlooked in reviewing the |
history of the paper. It has been suggested that Dickens got his idea of |
the Eatanswill press (in “ Pickwick Papers’) from Devizes. It is true that |
the names of the Hatanswill papers (the Gazette and the Independent) |
coincide with the names of the Devizes papers. But the Eatanswill |
election, and the furious cut and thrust of Mr. Pott and Mr. Slurk, the}
respective editors, occur in the earlier part of “ Pickwick,” which must haye |
been written before this particular object lesson was available to Dickens. |
Besides which, the topography of the narrative, and Dickens’s experiences |
ia
as a reporter of elections (in 1835), fit in with the theory of Eatanswilli
;
being in one of the eastern counties. It is, however, a fact that the Devizes|
}
iH
By J. J, Slade. 237
| Liberal journalist flourished his tomahawk as mercilessly over the head of
the “ imbecile ” Conservative editors as he whirled it around his opponents
on the political hustings. The editor of the Gazette exercised more re-
straint, as became the dignified position of a well-established newspaper
_ assailed with the lively sallies of ajuvenile competitor; but on one occasion
at least he ‘‘let himself go” as thesaying is. It was when, at the beginning
| of the year 1838, the Zndependent raised the delicate question of the re-
spective circulations of the Wiltshire newspapers.
_ In those days the Stamp Duty was an approximately correct index to
| circulation—“ approximately,” because a newspaper proprietor by purchas-
ing his stamps for a longer or shorter period ahead, would convey by the
figures of these purchases, a greater or less pee eorated idea of the number
‘of his sales. This is what the Zndependent did in the closing months of
| 1837, and thus it was able to show that with the exception of the Salisbury
| Journal (the figures for which he discreetly omitted to quote) it had a larger
‘circulation than any of the other (three in all) Wiltshire papers. This
_|stung the Gazette into giving a severe Ae ORIG, and exposing the device by
which the circulation figures of its rival were “cooked.” At the same time
the Conservative editor broadened the field of criticism. The Zndependent
had been making inroads on what are termed “official” advertisements,
jand it was declared that —
“its shareholders have long been endeavouring to benefit themselves
| at our expense. They have not only taken advantage of their offices as
| commissioners of public trusts and guardians of the poor to procure
advertisements—thus making use of their public situation for their own
private emolument—but they have, through a member of Parliament
| (who has acted not a very creditable part) prevailed upon the Govern-
| ment to withdraw from our paper certain public advertisements, trans-
| ferring them to their own paper. And now, forsooth, they are fishing
for the advertisements of trustees of turnpike trusts, boards of
| ' guardians, etc.”
|
|
in
pin A i rn
It was further declared that there had been gratuitous distribution of the
Independent to farmers coming in for the market (thus fictitiously ex-
‘panding the circuation),—‘‘ but how many of these farmers read it we will
not pretend to say!”
The retort of the Zndependent to the charge of “ influencing” advertise-
‘ments was, that its readers had a claim to the information they contained.
‘The free distribution of the paper was admitted, for the first few issues, in
order to.introduce it to the public. The charge of including in its circulation
figures a parcel of stamps brought down from London at the close of the
period reviewed, and not used until later, was not specifically denied, or
leven referred to. The impeached totals continued to be prominently munca
“and their moral was enforced with a column or two of further journalistic
bludgeoning. The resources of the writer in sustaining his torrent of
\vituperative eloquence extorts one’s admiration ; not less so does his closing
effort, when he concludes his final volcanic eacbanet and concentrates the
fury of his emotions in one expressive monosyllable—“ Bah!”
_ The Gazette of Devizes was not the only Conservative newspaper which
ithe vivacious Liberal journalist attacked. The Wilts and Gloucestershire
238 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
Standard (then published at Malmesbury) came within the orbit of his
vision, and was accused of “ following in our wake somewhat after the
fashion of a hungry shark for the purpose of making food of any stray
material which might chance to fall overboard suited to his maw.”
These editorial amenities may now be dismissed. The spirit of rivalry
between the older and younger papers no doubt continued, but it did not
find so animated expression in their columns in the later years.
The circulation thus claimed by the Jndependent, it may be added, was
eleven hundred a week, after allowing for gratuitous distribution.
This excursus on editorial methods has led to a slight over-running of
dates. At the end of October, 1837, the enlargement of the paper, giving
seven columns to the page, was announced, and the larger form appeared on
November 2nd. At the same time the price was increased from 4d. to 5d.,
and to the title of Woeltshire Independent was added the sub-title “and
General Advertiser for the Counties of Berks, Hants, Dorset, Somerset, and
Gloucestershire.” The following week (November 9th) the words “the
counties of ” were omitted to make room for Oxfordshire in the list. The
conductors were ambitious.
At this time the columns were lengthened as well as increased in number,
—and several subsequent additions to the length were made, the full depth
eventually becoming nearly 26 inches.
After the Jndependent had been in existence two years and nine months
it changed hands. On August 8th, 1839, it was announced :—
“We beg to inform our readers and the public that the Waltshire
Independent, which has hitherto been the property of a company, has
been purchased by its editor, by whom it will be conducted in future
on the same principles which have guided it during the two years he
has been connected with it.”
And the imprint the following week was this :—
‘Printed and published at the Wiltshire Independent office in Wine
Street, in the borough of Devizes, by William Burrows, of the hamlet |
of Dunkirk, in the parish of Rowde in the borough of Devizes aforesaid.”
A few months later the office of the paper was transferred from Wine
Street to the Market Place, the imprint with the new address, first appearing
on May 28th, 1840. Which house in the Market Place was not stated, but
enquiry of Mr. Edward Kite brings the following :—“‘ I do not remember the
Wiltshire Independent printed anywhere during its editorship by William
Burrows than at the house in the Market Place now occupied by Messrs.
Fortt (grocers, No. 36). The tenant of the house was Nathaniel Bakewell
Randle, a bookseller and printer, and the printing offices up the yard were
occupied by both Burrows and Randle. When John Fox took over the
editorship [see further] the printing office was removed to No. 39, the site
of which is now absorbed in Lloyds Bank. I do not quite know which
house in Wine Street was likely to be the Independent office, unless it be
that now Mr. Perkins’ (No. 3).”
Mr. William Burrows, it may be here stated, was a Suffolk man, of good |
family, who in his earlier days was owner of a pack of hounds; he had | ~
lived rather too expensively. His son was a surgeon who died on the West | —
Coast of Africa. His grandchildren are still living at Dunkirk.
By J. J. Slade. 239
The only change noticeable as a result of the new proprietorship is that
a fortnight later the word “ Devizes” precedes the date in the date line
underneath the title, and the next week (Sept. 5th, 1839) it was made clear
that the time of publication was the “afternoon” of Thursday.
The price of the paper remained at fourpence, even after the abolition of
the stamp duty in 1855; it was “ Stamped 5d., unstamped 4d.” ; the extra
penny was for postage, not duty. But in February, 1862, there came a
reduction in price and a change in proprietorship simultaneously. The
reduction was of two-pence—3d. stamped, 2d. unstamped, and the announce-
ment as to the new proprietary was as follows : —
“The ownership of the above old-established newspaper hein’
changed hands the present proprietor, J. R. Fox, in commencing his
new undertaking respectfully solicits the Boner tion and patronage
of the inhabitants of Wiltshire and neighbouring counties. As a first
step towards improving the position of the paper it has been decided
to reduce the price as announced above, thus placing it within the
reach of all classes—the proprietor feeling confident that the large
circulation thus ensured cannot fail to make it second to no paper in
the county as a medium for advertisers, with whom character and
number of subscribers must necessarily be of the greatest importance.
That nothing may be wanting to ensure a full share of public
support, the paper used will be of the best quality, printed with new
type by new and superior machinery, and advantage will be taken of
the advanced state of public journalism to render the Wiltshire Inde-
pendent worthy of the high position to which it will henceforth aspire.”
This appeared in the last issue for February, 1862, and the following
week, March 6th, the promise of new type (which was needed) was fulfilled.
Otherwise, the paper appeared much the same asit had been. The imprint
was as follows :—
“Printed and published at the Wiltshire Independent Office, No. 39,
Market Place, in the Borough of Devizes, in the County of Wilts, by
John Russell Fox, of Devizes aforesaid.”
Apparently the word “ Russell” was misprinted ; the copy of this issue of
the paper in the British Museum file has the name written over the printed
one, and obliterates it.
Concerning Mr. J. R. Fox a few details may be stated. He belonged to
a family which was prominent in Devizes. The son of Mr. J. J. Fox, who
carried on the drapery business in St. John Street now known as the London
Drapery, he was apprenticed in the office of the Jndependent to Mr. Burrows.
He subsequently went to Andover, where he commenced business as a
bookseller and stationer; he also started the Andover Advertiser, a paper
which still exists and flourishes, with an important part of its circulation
in the eastern area of thiscounty. He soon afterwards returned to Devizes,
to become proprietor and editor of the paper on which he began his
journalistic career. He died in February, 1918. His daughters continue
to reside in Devizes.
By this time (1862) the list of agents who were named as selling the
Independent was reduced in number; and the area claimed to be covered
by the agencies also was more modest, and the London addresses where the
hepa
240 Wiltshire Neiwspapers—Past and Present.
paper was filed had dropped out. This restriction of scope was characteristic
of most of the older publications ; newspapers had multiplied, and readers
were served from closer home than in former days.
No doubt the reduction in price of the paper was, at least in part, a
matter of necessity. The Devizes Advertiser had started as a penny paper
by another former member of the Independent staff, Mr. Charles Gillman, in
1858, and as it made its appeal to the same political party (Liberal) as the
Independent, it is obvious that the fourpenny paper, even though it was
superior, would have to adapt itself to the new situation. The Gazette,
finding its support among a different class of the community and from the
opposite political party, was able to keep its price higher; but it also made
successive reductions after the turn of the century. In two years’ time the
Independent dropped again, and put itself on a price level with its Liberal
competitor. On February 26th, 1864, appeared the following announcement :
“The Wiltshire Independent has been established now nearly 30
years and has become a thoroughly established popular favourite in
Wiltshire and the adjoining counties. Taking advantage of the abolition
of the paper duty the present proprietor two years ago reduced its
price to 2d. Since its publication at twopence the increase in the
circulation of the Independent has been of so gratifying a character as
to embolden the proprietor to make a still further reduction in price,
and on and after Thursday next, March 3rd, the “ Independent” will
be published at One Penny. Neither pains nor expense will be spared,
notwithstanding this reduction, to keep it a first-class paper placed
within the reach of all classes of the community. . . . An edition
will be printed on superior paper at Twopence for the convenience of
such subscribers as wish it.”
There was an apparent inconsistency. Although the price for a stamped
copy was to be 2d., the announcement in the line under the title, and again
over the editorial (leading) article was that the stamped copy was 3d. At |
the end of April the latter announcement was corrected, but the statement
on the front page was not altered until another three months had elapsed,
when the prices agreed wherever stated—“ stamped 2d., unstamped 1d.” It
is probable that the inconsistency was apparent rather than actual. |
The week following the introduction of the penny it was announced that |
where credit was given the price would remain at 2d. The customers for the
copies sent by post were probably mostly credit customers. At the beginning
of October, 1870, the half-penny newspaper post was introduced, and it was |
no longer necessary to impress the stamp upon the paper itself. re
There is little else to record of the Waltshire Independent except its end, |
which is narrated in the following extract from its issue for September 21st, |
1876 :—
‘““With the present number the ‘ Wiltshire Independent’ will cease |
to exist, or rather it will merge in a new and larger paper to be called |
the ‘ Wiltshire Times.’ In taking leave of his readers the proprietor |
tenders to them his cordial thanks for the support they have given him |
during the time he has been connected with the ‘Independent.’ The | —
By J. J. Slade. 241
powerful company which will be able to produce a newspaper which
will be an organ worthy of the Liberal cause and one which in its size
and in the variety of its intelligence will he believes be second to none
in the county.”
The following week appeared the “ Waltshire Times,” ‘“ Printed and
published for the proprietors, the Wiltshire Times Co., Limited, by Henry
Barrass, at 39, Market Place, Devizes, also published by William T’. Helmsley
at 47, Regent St., New Swindon.” It was no longer the Jndependent.
The Times was an 8-page paper of small pages; whereas the Jndependent
to the last was a 4-page paper of large pages. In its forty years of existence
the latter had never varied the title except for the addition of the sub-title
in the year following its foundation. Mr. Fox, however, adopted a slightly
bolder fount of type for it. It retained throughout the Royal Arms and
the motto “The Truth and the Right.”
The Wiltshire Times continued to be published for a year or two at the
old Independent offices, and Mr. John Fox was associated withit. Presently,
| in May, 1880, it was removed to Trowbridge and the connection with Devizes
came to an end.
242
WILTS OBITUARY.
Capt. Paul Edward Wairoa Haynes, R.D., R.N.B..,
died Aug. 22nd, 1922, aged 46. Buried at Laverstock. A cadet on H.M.S. —
Worcester, he entered the P. & O. Steamship service 1895. Nine years
later he joined the R.N.R. as Sub-Lieutenant. At the outbreak of war he
was serving on H.M.S. Hospital Ship Soudan, attached to the Grand Fleet,
In Nov., 1914, he was appointed Lieut.-Commander of H.M.S. Peel Castle,
on patrol duty. Promoted to Commander Jan., 1917, and in March, 1918,
to Acting-Captain, R.N.R. He acted as Commodore of convoys of troop
ships from America and Canada until convoy work ceased, when he was
appointed in command of Osiris II. and afterwards as assistant to Commodore
Superintendent, Dover, till Feb., 1920. His name was mentioned for valuable
services and in July, 1922, his rank was confirmed. At the time of his
death he was in command of the P. & O. Steamship Padua.
Obituary notice, Salisbury Journal, Sept. 1st, 1922.
Rev. George Mallows Youngman, died Sept. 4th, 1922,
aged 65. Buried at Shooters Hill Cemetery. b.at Saffron Walden, educated
at a Cambridge school, after a few years of commercial life, he went to
Worcester College, Oxford. BA. 1883; \i.A. 1887; Deacon 1883; Priest
1884 Rochester. Curate of Greenwich 1883—1902 ; Vicar of Idmiston with |
Porton, 1902 to 1914; Curate in charge of Greenwich 1914 to 1919,when lie |
retired to live at Woolwich. An admirable parish priest, greatly esteemed —
at Idmiston. ‘“ But it is asa scholar that Mr. Youngman was best known |
to the world at large, for his labours in textual criticism, particularly with |~
regard to the Latin versions of the New Testament, gained hima European |~
reputation” “ Bishop Wordsworth in his new critical edition of the Vulgate |
New Testament, received very great assistance from him . . . He |
collated manuscripts in London and Paris, and transcribed the whole New |
Testament from the famous Book of Armagh, at Dublin; as years went on | ~
he was more and more consulted as to the types of text exhibited by the |~
various families of Vulgate MSS. . . . There was a time when he gave | ~
almost every available leisure moment to his beloved manuscripts.” a-
The 7imes had an obituary article on him entitled “Scholar and Mystic.” |
Long obit. notice, Salasbury Diocesan Gazette, Oct., 1922. |
Dr, Richard Kimneir, died Oct. 11th, 1922, aged 80. B. ab |
Cirencester, 1841. L.2.C.P. Edin.; M.R.C.S., London; and L.M., Edin); 7
He began practice in Malmesbury 1867, retiring in 1903. He was unmarried. | Tr
He had a large practice and held many appointments at Malmesbury. “He | ~
was in every way ‘The people’s doctor,’ ‘a true good Samaritan,” His i" ]
father was born at Cove House, Leigh, Cricklade. tt
Obit. notice, Weltshire Gazette, Oct. 12th, 1922,
Wilts Obituary. 243
Helen a Court Penruddocke, F.G.S., died Dec. 16th,
1922. Buried at Tellisford (Som.), 4th d. of John Hungerford Penruddocke
and his wife Elizabeth (Ludlow), who lived many years at Seend and after-
wards at Winkton, near Christchurch, Hants. She had travelled widely
and contributed many articles to magazines and papers.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 28th, 1922.
Fion. Charles Holmes a Court, 4ths. of the late Hon. W. L.
Holmes 4 Court, and brother of Lord Heytesbury. Killed whilst riding to
the meet at Iron Acton, Dec. 21st, 1922, aged 55. Buried at Stone. Well
_ known and very popular in the district.
Portrait, Daddy Sketch and Times, Dec. 23rd, 1922.
Rev. Edward Walter Walshaw Payne, died Dec. 26th,
1922, aged 67. Buried at Bathwick Cemetery. Educated at Chancellor’s
School, lincoln ; Deacon 1880; Priest 1881 (Lincoln). Curate of St. John’s,
- Mansfield, 1880—82; St. Luke, Southampton, 1882—89; Vicar of St. Luke,
_ Jersey, 1889—97 ; Vicar of Hilmarton, 1897—1918, when he resigned, and
retired to Bath, and afterwards to Bournemouth, where he died.
William Attwater, died Dec., 1922. Born Nov. 5th, 1835, at
_ Britford, s. of Thomas and Mary Anne Attwater, of one of the oldest families
in Wiltshire. As yeomen they have been connected with Britford and
-Bodenham since Will. Attwater married Ann Gordon at Britford in 1578,
and the name occurs much earlier at Salisbury. Mr. Attwater had farmed
-at various farms, chiefly in Gloucestershire, and had since 1900 lived at S.
Cerney. He was well known in 8. Wilts as the manager of the Britford, —
| Salisbury, and Wilton Sheep Fairs for many years.
| Obit. notice, Wzltshere Gazette, Dec. 21st, 1922.
|
W.S. Bambridge, died January 20th, 1923, aged 79? s. of William
‘Bambridge, of Windsor, born in New Zealand. Held the post of music
master and organist for nearly half a century from 1864 at Marlborough
College, resigning ten years ago. In Freemasonry he held a very prominent
‘position, having been Grand Organist of England in 1911. He came of a
football family, three of his brothers having been internationals. For nearly
30 years he was Captain of the Savernake Forest Cricket Club, and was
President of the Marlborough Football Club at the time of his death. He
was one of the founders of the Wiltshire Football Association. He took a
prominent part in the civic life of Marlborough, having been elected an
alderman 40 years ago. He twice served as mayor.
| Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 25th and Feb. 1st; portraits, 7%mes
and Daily Sketch, Jan. 22nd, 1923.
| George Kerr Mc Call, died Jan. 26th, 1923. Buried at Limpley
Stoke. §. of Gilbert Mc Call, of March House, Leonard Stanley, Gloucs.,
he came to Trowbridge in 1897, and started the cloth-making business of
Me Call Brothers at the Upper Mill, purchasing the Victoria Mill in 1911,
> |
|
244 Wilts Obituary
He was at one time a member of many committees and was especially in-
terested in the County Textile School, of the committee of which he was —
chairman. He lived at The Orchard, Hilperton. Much esteemed in
Trowbridge.
Obit. notice and portrait, Wiltshire Times, Feb. 3rd, 1923.
Charles Eddowes, M.R.C.S., died Feb. 17th, 1923, aged 85,
Buried at Maddington. He came to Maddington cer. 1868, and carried on —
his practice over a large district of the Plain until he retired in 1918 and
went to liveat Devizes. The ‘‘ old doctor” was well known, and held in much |
esteem on the Plain.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 22nd, 1923.
Alfred Cook, died March 6th, 1923, aged 79. Lived at Salisbury |
and Porton for many years, and more recently at Southcott Lodge, Pewsey. |
Many letters and articles, generally connected in some way with Pewsey, |
his birthplace, have appeared in the Wiltshire Gazette of late years from |
his pen. He was well known in the Pewsey neighbourhood, and was often |
present at the annual meetings of fhe Wilts Archzeological Society. A |
member of the Society of Friends he left directions that he should be buried |
on Pewsey Hill, on the N.side of Victory Clump. The coffin was conveyed |
to the down in his own farm waggon and his farm men acted as bearers, |
Wiltshire Gazette, March 15th, 1923.
Rev, John Arkell, died March 21st, 1923, aged 87. Buried at |
Ham. Son of Thomas Arkell, of Boddington(Glos.). Educated at Durham |
School and Pembroke Coll., Oxon. B.A. 1859; M.A. 1862; Deacon 1860; |
Priest 1861 (Rochester). Curate of Boxted, Essex, 1860—67; Rector of |
Portishead 1867—78 ; Rector of St. Ebbes, Oxford, 1880—1900; Rector of |
Ham 1900 to 1919, when he resigned. ‘“‘He was,” says The Z'imes, March |
4th, 1923, “‘ One of the oldest if not the oldest of rowing ‘ Blues,’ and certainly |
one of the greatest . . . During his university career he was one of]
the mainstays of Oxford oarsmanship.” He rowed in the University Boat-
race in 1857, 1858, and 1859, and also at Henley in 1857 and 1859 in the|
Grand Challenge. Zhe Zimes gives a long list of the triumphs and prizes| —
that he won. |
Dr. John Campbell Maclean, died April 3rd, 1923, aged 77,
B. in the island of Mull, took his degrees at Edinburgh, and came to Swindon}
as assistant to Dr. John Gay in 1869. Married Emily, d. of Thomas C. Hine,|
F.S.A , of Nottingham, who, with their only daughter, Mrs. Blyth, survives}
him. He had a large practice at Swindon, and was for over 40 years
medical officer for the Swindon and Highworth Union. He was a prominent)
Mason, and had for many years filled a leading place in Swindon.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, April 5th, 1923.
St. John’s, Keswick. S. of George Abraham, of Devizes, foreman fo|
Messrs. Sainsbury, coal merchants. Born in Devizes, 1846, apprenticed tj
Notes, 245
Samuel Marshman, of High Street, the first photographer in Devizes, he
went to London and thence in 1866 to Keswick, where he set up for himself
in a small shop in Lake Road, which gradually grew into the large establish-
ment which has become one of the best-known institutions of Keswick.
Both as a climber and a photographer of the mountains he was known to
everybody in the Lake District. His wonderful mountain photographs,
indeed, were known, it may be said, throughout England and beyond it to
all who loved the mountains themselves. He took a prominent part in the
public life of Keswick and was twice Chairman of the Urban District
Council. He married Mary Dixon, and leaves four sons and one daughter.
One of the sons is a District Commissioner in Nyassaland, and two, George
and Ashley, still carry on the business at Keswick, and are acknowledged
- authorities on all mountaineering matters.
Obit. notices, with portrait, in the Lakeland Herald and the Wiltshire
Gazette, April 19th, 1923.
NOTES.
Bronze Age Cinerary Urn found at Knowle, Little
Bedwyn. In May, 1922, men digging gravel at Knowle uncovered a
| small Bronze Age cinerary urn containing burnt bones. The discovery was
made known to the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall, and with his kind co-operation
_ the urn and its contents were secured for the Society’s Museum.
| The urn, which fell to pieces on being taken out, had been buried inverted
in the gravel, about 3ft. below the present surface. The ground is under
| cultivation, and if a barrow ever existed over the burial it has been entirely
‘levelled.
_ ‘The gravel pit in which the urn was found is just over five miles from
| Marlberough, close to the northern side of the main road to Hungerford,
“nearly opposite a road turning off to Great Bedwyn; the Jine of this latter
road is continued north of the main road as a farm track leading to Knowle
Barn ; ; the burial was about 100 yards east of this track, and about the
\same distance north of the main road. (Sin: O.S. Wilts, Sheet xxix., 8.E.).
_ The urn is of Thurnam’s “moulded rim” type. It is well made of hates
_\thin ware; the surface, reddish in colour, has been tooled ; the paste is
jblack in its inner part and is mixed with pounded flint and vegetable
matter resembling chopped straw.
_ The rim is covered externally with a series of lines of the “impresssed
cord” type, forming a lattice pattern ; round the shoulder similar lines form
a herring-bone pattern. The neck is slightly concave with a considerable
ridge at the shoulder. The urn has been mended and is now practically
complete ; its height is 94in., rim diam. 74in., base, 4in.
246 Notes.
The bones belonged apparently to one individual, young and slight, but
whose second teeth had been cut ; the bones were all broken up into small
fragments.
Bronze Age Cinerary Urn found at Knowle, Little Bedwyn.
[It is apparently usual to find the bones of Bronze Age cremated inter-
ments in smaller pieces than can be accounted for by the actual burning.
~It seems that there is a custom among some Hindoos of ceremonially
breaking the bones after cremation. Dr. Eric Gardner has suggested the
possibility that a similar custom prevailed among the Bronze Age inhabitants
of Britain. ] 2 :
M. E. CuNNINGTON.
A Saxon Spindle Whorl with Cabalistic Signs. |
In the Society’s Museum at Devizes there is a small conical shaped spindle |
whorl made of a very fine grained limestone that was found in the church- |
yard at Bishops Cannings in 1891. The whole surface of the whorl is
lightly incised or engraved with a series of signs representing Alpha and
charm against evil, especially sickness. This interesting whorl has been in
the Museum almost ever since it was found, but the meaning of the en-
graved symbols has only recently been elucidated through the kindness 0
Notes. 247
Mr. W. J. Andrew, F.S.A. Mr. Andrew has in his possession a whorl of
similar material with carved lettering copied by an illiterate craftsman
VOSS Coe slwere!
OTROS «CO
COMODO &
Cabalistic symbols inscribed on Spindle Whorl found in Bishops Cannings
Churchyard.
from a coin of Athelstan. In answer to his enquiry as to whether there
were any analogous whorls in the Society’s Museum, the whorl above
mentioned was sent to Mr. Andrew for examination, and we are indebted
to him for the interpretation of the hitherto unrecognised symbols. The
whorl is probably of the Christian Saxon period of the 8th or 9th century
A.D. Inan Anglo-Saxon manuscript of the 8th century the letters Alpha
and Omega appear in the same form as on the whorl.
M. E. Cunnineton.
Barrow 16 (Goddard’s List), Winterbourne Monk-
ton. OS. XXVIII. N.W. Smith, p. 127, X. H-III.n. This large
bell-shaped barrow is the last of a line of four to the N.W. ; the remainder
are small and bowl-shaped. It has been carelessly excavated and no record
remains of the work. A large cup-shaped cavity has been left in the top.
In August, 1921, it was noticed that rabbits were throwing out bits of
pottery and burnt bones, and by the kindness of Mr. Greader the writer,
assisted by Mr. A. J. Jones, was able to excavate with the idea of tracing
the source of the cremated bones. Close to the present top of the mound,
seven feet from the centre, and 20 degrees E. by S. therefrom, was found a
jarge urn inverted over cremated bones, but badly crushed by sarsen stones
that had been piled around it. ‘The stones had been split into long flat
flakes purposely for the protection of the urn (asitappeared tous). Under
it was a small bed of clay, the only patch of that material noticed in the
excavation. Rabbits had unfortunately selected the interior of the urn as
a meeting place of three burrows with the result that half of it had been
dug away and the bones scattered. The urn as restored measures 16in. high
by 14in. in greatest diameter, flower pot shaped till within two inches of
the top, where the sides incurve, ending in a slightly everted lip. It is in
my own collection.
A short distance 8. W. of the tumulus isa rubble pit in which was found
at the same time a small urn-shaped pot of coarse pottery and of Roman:
date but native manufacture. A man digging rubble found it perfect but
allowed it to stand about and get broken beyond repair. It contained
three oyster shells of large size.
A. D. PASSMORE.,
VOL, XLIJ.—NO. CXXXVIII. S
248 - Notes.
Barrow 25 (Goddard’s List), Winterbourne Stoke,
To the north of the Winterbourne Stoke group of barrows and immediately
east of the Salisbury—Devizes Road are three barrows roughly in line and
numbered 6, 7, and 8 in Hoare’s Map of the Stonehenge District. The
most easterly of the tumuli (No. 8) has at some former time been dug away
(probably to obtain material to level gallops), the whole of the east side and
centre having been destroyed. In December, 1916, an officer sheltering
from a gale noticed in the north side of the interior excavation an urn which
was exposed owing to a recent fall of earth. It was 4ft. above ground level
and inverted over about “two pints” of burnt bones. The vessel was |
removed in nearly a complete state, but having been afterwards stored in |
an exposed place it was attacked by damp and frost and consequently
crumbled to dust. However a sketch taken at the time of the discovery |
has been placed in my hands by the owner, from which I gather the following |
details. The urn was of the Deverell-ltimbury type, unornamented, roughly |
12in. in height, 8in. base diameter, 12in. greatest diameter, and 10in. at top.
Only one other example of this type has so far been recorded as having
been found in Wilts (W.A.., vol. xxxviii., p. 316): they are common in |
Dorset and have been found there in quantities not only in barrows but in |
plain ground. To make quite sure of the above facts I approached indepen- |
dently the person who was left in charge of the urn and asked that a sketch |
of it might be made. Without hesitation a recognisable drawing of the |
|
|
‘Deverell-Kimbury type was given me. Subsequently the barrow was visited |
and a number of human bones were gathered from rabbit scrapes on the |
south side, and about half-way up that part of the mound, probably indicating | |
a secondary inhumation on that site. |
A. D. PASSMORE.
Perforated Maul or Hammer of Greenstone. This |
maul, purchased at the sale of Sir Lucas White-King’s collection, is formed |
from a roundish pebble of greenstone much like axes of that material in |
my eilecHon, and is weathered in just the same Pa Tt measures Sala
hee in the normal position), he ene) aap oe 18 “11/16ths i in diameter)
inside, but is widely splayed on both faces to 1gin. on one side and 13in on|
the other. It has been a long time in use, eens the inside of the hole is |_
worn very smooth by the handle. It is simply labelled “ Late Neolithic)
perforated hammer, Wiltshire,” and numbered 403. I looked this up in the} —
private catalogue in the handwriting of Sir Lucas White- King and find that)
cost him 7s. 6d. It weighs 164 ounces.
A. D. Passmore.
Earthwork on Sugar Hill, Wanborough. Ontheslope
of Sugar Hill facing north east on the southern edge of Wanborough parish rs
immediately south-west of Half-Moon Plantation, is a large oblong earth-| _
work not marked on the Six Inch Ordnance Map, 1900[Wilts XXIII, N.E.J.) —
It is surrounded by a single bank and ditch outside it. ‘The bank is about| —
3ft. in height, and the ditch is almost silted up. At each corner of the|
Notes. 249
bank is a mound 4ft. 6in. in height, above the present bottom of the ditch.
At the west corner (C) the bank is carried across the ditch, perhaps to form
a narrow gateway. The only other entrance is a narrow one on the N.E,
face, 185{t. S.E. of the N. corner. In the central line [N.W. toS.E ] within
the enclosure are two flat mounds, one (B) a little S.E. of the centre of the
area is 33ft. long by 21ft. broad and 3ft. high. The other mound (A), 60ft.
from the N.W. face of the earthwork, is 2Uft. square and 2ft. high. Parts
of the N.W. and 8.W. sides were damaged about 1905 in forming a gallop
for racehorses. A measured plan, of which a reduction is given here, has been
placed in the Society’s library. The measurements of the bank from the
centre of the corners are 490ft. 336ft.
A. D. Passmors.
ere Bore (cert
aN TUT MANIATIS Vvyy vod VAY YUVA Wy yyy,
oe RC Id AL Ve ay,
N
pp LEE MA LTTE MILL (UNS
hinaouttunaennilgg &
aNW (7 1 peMVOTL EQ
PIL AEM QM CLM
a
17
was
Voie
ata
Se
5 Urpur yas
Oe Le ee
~
>
~
=
=
=~
ay a ee
= Zan mis Aide MO Ad qty Oy leeek iy Aik AV] Heyyy
CI ONO Br ecieiy
Se
Firpayy Ww vvy van ¥vvvi 9d yo V9)7 JAVVI DAVE TVAV ED ASAT MAIN
Sunn sien MANALI) WHAM UN YEPVVIVY,
Cope Sewercmnee oH com
f feta
ee SDINCH Uta MOUND
MCT
Plan of Earthwork on Sugar Hill, Wanborough.
Barrow 2 (Goddard’s List), Ebbesbourne Wake,
Opened 1922. Round barrow on Ebbesbourne Down, west of Fifield
Down, east of Church Bottom and three-quarters of a mile from the Ridgeway.
Notin Ancient Wilts. This barrow was shallow and depressed in the centre
and showed signs of many former rabbit holes. A 4ft. trench was dug,
running 8.E.and N.W. The ditch surrounding the barrow was well defined,
2ft. deep in the solid chalk, and 2ft. wide. Several pieces of coarse pottery
and a nicely chipped flint knife were found lft. 2in. below the surface at a
distance of 14ft. from the middle of the ditch. A clean cut cist 4ft. by 2ft.
by lft. 2in. deep was found 17ft. from the middle of the ditch (the diameter
of the barrow was approximately 40ft.). The cist was empty and the earth
S 2
250 Notes.
above it showed signs of having been disturbed. About 1ft. east of the
south end of this cist and 1ft. 2in. above the chalk level were several pieces
of a large cinerary urn and a piece of burnt bone and some charcoal. A
rabbit’s hole had loosened the soil here and had caused some large flints to
fall and crush the pottery. The ornamentation of the urn was a zigzag
running round the top, with, below it, a horizontal line of finger tip im-
pressions, then a single horizontal line and next a row of lozenges formed
by parallel incised lines, made with a blunt tool gin. wide, with finger tip
impressions in the centres. There is no cord ornament.
Re C2C; Cray
Barrow 1 (Goddard’s List), Sutton Mandeville,
opened 1922. Round Barrow in the fir clump on Buxbury Hill,
Sutton Mandeville, A.W. 1., 248., St. VIII & IX. O.8.70,N.W. Rabbits
have done much damage to this barrow, which is approximately 43ft. in
diameter. A 3ft. trench was dug, running E.S.E. and W.N.W. through
the estimated centre. Just within the barrow was a clean cut ditch, in
which was found a piece of rim of typical Bronze Age pottery. Ata distance
of 13ft. from the middle of the ditch was a small depression in the chalk
floor and near it some pieces of light brown pottery and two fragments of
burnt bones. A cist 2ft. 9in. by 2ft. 9in. by 1ft. 2in. deep was found 173ft.
from the middle of the ditch. ‘The soil above it was lined by many former
rabbit burrows, in which were found portions of the lower jaw and other
bones of a female (?) and portions of the skull and ribs of a child. Near
were several pieces of well-baked pottery ornamented by two horizontal
lines with a row of dependent triangles beneath each. One piece had a
perforated lug—the perforation being vertical. This ware was of the
“Drinking Cup, or Beaker” type. The objects found in this and the
Ebbesbourne barrow are in my own collection.
R. CoC. Crag
Skeleton at Broad Chalke. On Dec. 20th, 1922, the son of |
Mr. Sidford, of Broad Chalke, unearthed a skeleton whilst digging chalk |
from the pit situated on the side of Church Bottom, Bury Hill, about 100 |
yards from Bury Orchard Corner. The skeleton was lying extended on |
the chalk with the head to the S.W. and the feet to the N.E. There was |
no cist, and I could find no signs of pottery. The bones, which were ina | 7
bad state of preservation and had been damaged by unskilful excavation, |”
appeared to be those of a female, of early adult age, whose height was |
approximately 5ft. 4in. There was only one carious tooth. The sound |
ones showed no signs of having been worn away by gritty food. Un- | —
fortunately the skull was too much destroyed to allow of the cranial index |
being estimated. R. ©. -C__ Cig
A Drawing of Malmesbury Abbey from the N.W,, | —
in lead pencil, by J M. W. Turner, was sold at Sotheby’s, Nov. 28th, 1922, | —
for £22. It came from the collections of Charles Stokes and Thos. Hughes. |
Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 30th, 1922.
Notes. 251
Copper Cross found at Cherhill. Many years ago a
copper cross was found in the farm yard adjoining the west end
of Cherhill Church, and has since then been preserved in the parish
chest. It was submitted by the then Rector, the Rev. W. C. Plenderleath,
to the authorities of the British Museum, who pronounced it to be the
emblem held in the hand of some image of a saint, the hole near the base
being for its secure attachment to the clothing of the figure. Doubtless it
was turned out of the Church with the image to which it belonged either at
the Reformation or in the troubles of the Civil War. The Rector, the Rev. S.
Firman, and the churchwardens have now given it to the Society’s Museum,
to which, considering the rarity of medieval metal work, it is a valuable
acquisition. It is of cast copper, the limbs of the cross, like the shaft, are
of cylindrical section, and end in rounded knobs, the centre is squared and
flat. ‘The base is of square section tapering to a point, obviously to fit.
into a socket. It is in an excellent state of preservation. It measures
13tin. in length, and weighs 3ozs. E. H. GopparD.
Bones found at Slaughterford. In 1922 party of Boy Scouts
discovered in a cleft or hole in the rocks at Slaughterford a large quantity
of bones, chiefly fragmentary, of which they brought away a number.
These were secured and sent to me by the Rev. C. F. Burgess, Vicar of
Haston Grey. As there were obviously human fragments amongst them I
sent them on to Prof. 8. H. Reynolds, F.G.S., of Bristol University, who
with his colleague, Prof. l'awcett, very kindly identified the following :—
Man. Frontal part of skull, probably female. Three parts of femurs.
Right temporal. Left ulna. Metatarsal, vertebra, innominate
bone.
Sheep, chiefly young. Vertebrz, tibia, humerus.
Pig. Portion of mandible and several teeth, femurs, ulna, part of skull.
A quantity of modern rabbit bones, and some bird bones, and many
unidentified fragments.
The cleft (7) is described as being filled with a kind of Breccia with many
bones. It is hoped that this place may be more fully investigated. No
pottery or other objects were amongst the things brought away by the Boy
Scouts. K. H. Gopparp.
Gold ‘‘Ring Money ’’ from Bishopstone. The example
found in 1887, between Bishopstone and Broad Chalke, S. Wilts, and now
in the possession of Dr. H. P. Blackmore, of Salisbury, was kindly lent for
the purpose of having electrotype facsimiles made of it, for our own and
the Swindon and Salisbury Museums. It is a very perfect specimen
weighing rather less than toz. av., but a small hole on the back of it shows
that it is really a copper or bronze penannular ring plated with a thin gold
covering. This plating, if looked at carefully, especially with a lens, is
marked throughout with a regular series of rings or narrow bands of pale
gold and silver, alternately, precisely like a curled-up caterpillar, though
the surface is quite smooth. Mr. Reginald Smith, of the British Museum,
tells me that these alternate bands of gold and silver are common on ring
money. Its outside and longest diameter is Zin. EE. H. Gopparp.
Ban, Notes,
Old Chest, Great Bedwyn Church, “ The carliest chests of
which we have any knowledge date from the middle 13th century. The
tops nearly always open on pin hinges, that is, on two pins fixed at the ends
of the back under-clamp of the top, and socketed into the uprights of the
sides. These are rarely, if ever, found in the 14th century, heavy iron
clamp-hinges being substituted. Fig. 1 (vol. IL, p. 2, Harly English —
Furniture and Woodwork, by Herbert Cescinsky and Ernest Gribble, 1922,
4to) is the 13th century type of chest, from Great Bedwyn Church, Wiltshire.
It is roughly constructed yet in a characteristically 13th century manner. |
The front is a solid board of oak of great width, roughly finished with the /
saw marks left in its surface, tenoned into heavy uprights. These project
over the ends and are united from front to back by two heavy cross pieces,
the tenons of which are carried through to the front. The lower one
supports the bottom of the chest, which is made from stout wood to carry
heavy weights. ‘The ends are housed into the heavy styles, and are fixed
to the cross pieces. ‘There is no attempt at ornamentation, although,
originally, the bottom of the upright styles may have been carved with
simple cusping. ‘The ironwork at present on the chest is all of much later
date.”
Extract from Cescinsky’s Hist. of Woodwork and Furniture.
British Village at Hill Deverill. The Rev. J. W. R.
Brocklebank, Vicar of Longbridge and Hill Deverill, writing Dec. 26th,
1921, says:—“The ‘British Village’ has two fosses left, the one on the
north 100 yards long, the one on the west 74 yardslong. Lately six cottages
have been built within the enclosure and 75 yards of the north fosse will
be as good as levelled and ploughed over to make gardens. The depth of
the fosse I judge to be 3ft. 9in. to 4ft. When the workmen were digging out
the places for foundations they were instructed to be on the watch for any |
pieces of pottery, iron, etc. Nothing whatever of any value was turned up. |
I may add that doubts are thrown on it being a British village at all; by |
some it is thought that the village of the middle ages and later times stood |
somewhere about here. [tseems to have been destroyed in the Parliamentary |
Wars by being burnt together with the Rectory and the Tithe Barn.” :
John Rose, of Amesbury. An interesting note by the Rev. | —
KK. Rhys Jones, Vicar, on John Rose appears in the Amesbury Parish Mag., |
Oct., 1922. Celebrated as having grown the first pineapple in England, he |
is represented as presenting this pineapple to King Charles II. at Dawnay | —
Court, near Eton, the residence of the Duchess of Cleveland, in a picture |
of which an engraving was given in the Journal of Horticulture and Cottage |
Gardens, Jan. 16th, 1878. ‘The picture from which this was taken isstated |
to be in Kensington Palace. But a similar picture (? a replica of that in |
Kensington Palace) had belonged to Mr. Loudon, the gardener, the ‘‘servant ” [ ;
Hill Catalogue p. 115, and was sold at the sale in 1842. It was sold again) —
at Sotheby’s in July, 1920, as “attributed to Danckers,” for £850 to Messrs. |
Natural History Notes. 253
Agnew, and subsequently by them to Sir Philip Sassoon, and was described
in the Jllust. London News, Sept. 23rd, 1922. Hose was gardener to the
Duchess of Somerset, and afterwards to King Charles II. at St. James’s
Palace. He bequeathed lands in Somerset to found a grammar school at
Amesbury, but the notice in the Amesbury Parish Mag. says ‘“ This land
was sold a good while ago, and the purchase money was vested in Govern-
ment funds, the dividends of which, together with those of the “‘ Harrison”
benefaction, now go to provide the “Rose and Harrison Scholarships.”
Rose also left £20 for the purchase of gilt altar plate for Amesbury Church,
which was all melted down and remade at the time of the restoration of
Church by Mr. Butterfield in 1853. Rose published “ 7he Hnglish Vineyard
Vindicated”’ in 1666, with a preface by Mr. Evelyn. Switzer, a con-
temporary gardener, in his “ Jconographie” says :—‘‘He (Rose) was
esteemed to be the best of his profession in those days, and ought to be
remembered for the encouragement he gave to a servant of his, who has
| since made the greatest figure that ever yet any gardener did, I mean Mr.
Loudon.” Rose died in 1677. He is stated by Mr. Jones to have been a
native of Amesbury. [For some of the above information I am indebted
to MSS: notes by thelate Mr. J. E. Nightingale, F.S.A. E.H.Gopparp.]|
Biddestone. When the Church of Biddestone St. Peter was
_ destroyed, cir. 1840, the altar table of the time of Charles I. was preserved
at Corsham Court. Lord Methuen has now given it back for use in the
Church of Biddestone St. Nicholas, and at the same time gave the bell
hanging at the Flemish Houses in Corsham to the Church of Slaughterford,
where he himself rang it for the first time on Sunday, March 10th, 1923.
The Stonehenge Mauls. The Mlustrated London News, Jan.
13th, 1923, gives three photographs of the great obelisk at Assouan, in Egypt,
recently excavated, as it lies in the quarry. One of these shows lying
beside the obelisk “Some of the stone balls thrown to knock away loose
debris.” These appear to be precisely the shape of the large Stonehenge
“Mauls,” though perhaps not quite so large, and were doubtless used for
the same purpose, the dressing of the surface of the stone, in the same way
that small “ Mullers” were used for dressing querns. E. H. GopDARD.
NATURAL HISTORY NOTES,
The Old Wiltshire Sheep. In July, 1917, Mr. B.S. Newall,
_ who had been interesting himself in the matter of the old Wiltshire breed
of sheep, sent two photographs of pictures of these sheep for the Society’s
Library, now inserted in Vol. AA. of Drawings, Prints, &c. ‘They are in
the possession of Messrs. Waters & Rawlence, 49, The Canal, Salisbury.
_ Mr. Mountford, of this firm, is secretary of the Hampshire Down Sheep
Society, that is why they have them. They were painted by Sydenham
Edwardsin 18102 The size of the two I sent is, I fancy, 12in. x 8in. The
254 Natural History Notes.
one with head to right I take to be a ram about two years and the other a
wether. The third picture, the photograph of which turned out so badly,
contains a full grown ram, ewes, and lambs, and is a little larger.”
The Comma Butterfly. The Rev. D. P. Harrison, Rector of —
Lydiard Millicent, writes, Dec. 20th, 1922 :—“ I have seen the remarks on the ;
Comma in Wilts Arch. Mag. It may be worth while to state what I think is
the status of that butterfly in this district. From the time I came here in
1905, I saw an odd specimen or two at long intervals and heard of others,
always in September or October. But in 1918, from July 6th—30th, in a wood
near here, in Purton parish, I saw between thirty and forty and caught as
many as I wanted. All these were the pale form var. Hutchinsont. In the
autumn of that year I saw one on a stone heap by the road in Lydiard on
Oct. 24th. In 1919, in July, I saw only three or four Hutchinsonz, but at
least a dozen C’. albumin September and October, most of them in my garden.
In 1920 and 1921 Hutchinsonz were numerous, about twenty or thirty were
seen. Of the autumn brood none in 1920. About a dozen in 1921. This
year, 1922, no Hutchinsoni in July, but large numbers in Aug., Sept,
and Oct., especially in the last month. ‘There were nine one morning
on a Buddlea bush in my garden. Of course all the autumn ones
were of the dark form, though in the August specimens the under-
side was uniformly tinged with brown; the September almost black;
in October very black, with green streaks. It is curious, but when there
is a July hatch of Hutchinsoni, the late autumn specimens are few. When
July is a blank, the autumn hatch seems to be more numerous. Ever since
1918 I have been able to find a certain number of hybernated males in May,
or end of April, but I have never yet been able to identify a female in the |
spring, which is exceedingly curious. Of course all the hybernated ones |
were of the ordinary or dark form. AHutchinsoni never occurs in autumn, |
nor have I ever seen the ordinary C’. albumin July. From what I can gather |
from Mrs. Story Maskelyne, Lady Bolingbroke, and others, the Comma |
has been seen sporadically in this district for the last twenty years at (@
intervals in autumn. But it has certainly become much more numerous |
Since 1918, and I know at least three woods where I can make pretty sure |
of finding a specimen or two any year, but my experience of Hutchinsont |
is that it is confined to certain glades, and you may search the rest of the |
wood in vain. Those glades, however, are a certain find in most years; |
1920 was an exception. The autumn brood is much more widely distributed. |
My conclusion is-that the insect is much more common about here than is | ©
generally supposed, and that its non-detection has been due to the dearth |
of competent observers.
“ As to Colias Hdusa, I knew 1922 was going to be a Clouded Yellow year, |
for I saw five females in May and early June. In August, especially |
August 28th, I found some forty specimens in a clover field next my house, |~
all males. I did not see a single female the whole autumn, and I made |
sure by catching every one which gave me a chance, of course letting them |
go after examination, though as a rule the female is easy enough to dis- | —
tinguish on the wing. |
Natural History Notes. 255
Mr. R. G. Gwatkin notes that Commas were not so plentiful in the
summer of 1922 as in the previous year. He noted, however, two at
Potterne on Aug. 26th and Sept. 2ist respectively, one on Aug. 10th at
Bratton, and two at Tellisford on Sept. 21st.
An example of the pale variety Helice of the Clouded Yellow was taken
at Winterbourne Bassett in 1922 by Mr. Henry Kendall.
White variety of Geranium Robertianum, For very
many years, probably at least 30, a white variety of Herb Robert has
maintained itself at Clyffe Pypard. Until within the last seven or eight
years it grew exclusively on a small sarsen stone full of holes near the pond
in the Manor grounds. From the plants growing on this stone I took seed
and sowed it on the rockery in the Vicarage garden. Here it has flourished
and increased and great numbers of plants come up every year from seed,
all with pure white flowers without a trace of colour, and the whole plant,
leaves and stems alike, of a light vivid green, quite unlike the colour of
normal plants of Herb Robert. It may therefore claim to have established
itself as a permanent variety coming absolutely true from seed. I have
never seen this white variety elsewhere, outside the two gardens mentioned,
though it certainly originated as a wild plant, and not from garden cultiva-
tion. In 1922, however, I found a variety with white flowers in the Vale
of Newlands, in the Lake district, but this differed from the Clyffe plant in
having traces of the natural colour in the stems and the veins of the leaves
and petals. Ep. H. GoDDARD.
Edible Fungi in Savernake Forest, The fungus season in
1921 was an extremely poor one, owing to the dry weather. During August
and September, however, the Vegetable Beef Steak (/stulena hepatica)
was very frequent on partially dead oaks, and experiment proved that when
taken at the right age it was very good eating, having a distinct, slightly
acid, flavour. In October mushrooms (Agaricus arvensis and campestris)
were exceptionally abundant in pastures near the Forest.
This autumn, 1922, has produced fungi in extraordinary variety and
abundance, and it has been possible to try several kinds recommended for
the table in books on the subject. Agaricus sylvestris and procerus, *‘ the
Parasol,” are both very good, resembling mushrooms in flavour. ‘The
Bent-Tuft (Agaricus mucidus), which has been common on dead limbs of
beech trees, is mild and delicate and distinctly good. The Helvellas (H-
erispa and lacunosa) have a mushroom flavour, but are apt to be tough,
while Boletus scaber, which appeared in some places late in autumn, is
excellent. A. Joyce WATSON.
Rainfall in 1922. Mr. H. W. Green, in Wiltshire Gazette, Jan.
4th, 1923, gives the rainfall at Devizes in 1922 as 30°39 inches, as compared
with only 16°20 inches in 1921, and 31°74 inches in 1920.
256
BIRD NOTES.
Great Crested Grebe. Mr.R. G. Gwatkin writes, “ Dec. 3rd,
1915, I received a dead specimen from Mrs. Lovell, Cole Park, near Malmes-
bury. The bird appeared on the moat about Nov. 24th. Aftera hard frost
it had got under the ice and was drowned. It was in poor condition. The
gullet contained a roach 5in. long, quite fresh, the eyes and fins were still
bright. The gizzard contained a mass of green water weed, very fine and in
very short lengths. From dissection I concluded it was a female. The top
of the head had a raw place probably caused by knocking against the ice in
its efforts to escape.” Miss E. P. Scott, writing on April 20th, 1923, reports
that a Great Crested Grebe has arrived again this year at Westbury. It is
earnestly to be hoped that 1t may be allowed to nest in peace, and not be
shot by some “ sportsman.”
Hawfinches. Jan., 1922, Manor House, Potterne. ‘Two pairs
came to some holly bushes near my windows and remained until all berries
were gone. I noticed that they worked a good deal under the bushes pick-
ing up fallen berries, which other birds do not touch. ‘These are stale
berries, and while other birds like them fresh off the tree, the Hawfinch,
which cracks and eats the kernel, is not affected by this difference.
Little Owl. his seems to be increasing in Wilts. Dec. 14th, 1921. |
I saw one fly across the Melksham Road at the turning to Seend just before
reaching the canal. Dec. 6th, 1922. One was shot at Spye Park, where — |
they are said to be plentiful, perhaps because a pair were liberated from
the Aviary some years ago. R. G. GwatKIN.
Bernicle Geese. Dr. h.C. Clay writes that three Bernicle Geese
were seen on the lake at Compton Chamberlayne Park on March 2!Ist, 1928.
There was no doubt, he says, as to their identity. Essentially a sea bird,
only three examples seem to have been previously recorded in Wiltshire, on
Feb. 25th, 1865 (Smith’s Birds of Wilts, p. 465).
Capt. George Penruddocke reports that a Buzzard was seen at Compton
Chamberlayne on Dec. 28th, 1922.
The Rev. D. P. Harrison, Rector of Lydiard Millicent, writes, Dec. 20th,
1922 :—“ Woodcock are unusually numerous this year, Snipe on the other
hand are conspicuous by their absence, also Fieldfares. Are these latter
ceasing to visit the district ? ‘There have been very few about since 1916.
This year not one as far as I have observed.”
257
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS,
AND ARTICLES.
[N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views in any
way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies
of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers. ]
Round about the Upper Thames. By Alfred Williams.
| London: Duckworth & Co.
Cloth, 83in. x 54in., pp. 319. 12s. 6d. net. Four illustrations, of which
| Inglesham Church, and St. Sampson’s Church and Cross, Cricklade, are in
- Wilts; also a sketch map of the country round the head waters of the
Thames in Wilts, Berks, Oxon, and Gloucestershire. ‘he district dealt
with in Wilts is that lying between Cricklade and Lechlade, with Lushill
as the centre. The first chapter begins with four pages of excellent con-
versation and description of haymakers at Castle Eaton, in which, as
throughout the book, the dialect, of which there is much, is genuine
Wiltshire without a suspicion of literary dressing up. ‘The belief of the
Lushill haymakers that stones, and also bones, buried in the earth “ grow,”
that Oliver Cromwell made Blunsdon Camp, and that the earliest battles
were those of King Alfred and the Danes are very characteristic of the
elder generation of Wiltshire labourers. Old Highworth, its markets, fairs,
its industries of bell casting, soap and candle making, coach and waggon
building, rope making, and straw plaiting, and the excellence of its wooden
ploughs, are described, and various legends of the eccentric old Squire
Crowdy, and of Peggy Townley, accounted a witch, are given. At Seven-
hampton the ghost of the hunting squire was laid in the fishpond. Inglesham,
its Church and its Round House, and Old Elijah, aged 95, are the chief
| points of interest. The author has a good deal to say of the manifold
- activities of Squire Campbell, of Buscot Park (Berks), which affected all the
neighbourhood until the Crimean War stopped the many works he had
| initiated. John Archer, of Lushill, ‘‘A real old fashioned squire,” who
_ paid £3500 a year in wages, kept a number of teams of oxen, and was
_-and rejoiced in an unusual number of local ‘‘ Worthies,
generally accounted as ‘‘ The best man that ever trod in Cassal Aeton,”
is another of the heroes of the book. A curious legend is given of an
earlier owner of Lushill a couple of hundred years ago, one Squire Parker,
a notable stag hunter, and a demon stag which could never be taken. Ewen
it appears is chiefly renowned for the feats of the redoubtable Cornelius
Uzzle, who in the presence of living witnesses ate 12lbs. of fat bacon at
one meal. Blunsdon had its ‘‘Slan Feast,” when ‘“Slans” (sloes) were
picked to make a pudding and the festivities were kept up for a week,
” such as Squire
Akerman, son of Moses Akerman, the farmer, Ratcatcher Joe, Old Bet
258 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Hyde, the famous witch, and Moll Wilkins, the wise woman, of all of whom
traditional stories are excellently told. Of Poll Packer it is recorded that
she was able (like Indian jugglers) to make a waggon line stand straight up
in the air, whilst Bet Hyde, who lived near Coldharbour, was well known
to have a familiar in the shape of a crow. At Bury Town (Blunsdon)
Farmer Snook is said to have employed a quarryman for over two years
digging up Roman foundations, including mosaic pavements, in ‘Town
Close.” .
The story of the Wootton Bassett Elections of 1774 and 1807, when the
price of a vote was 30 guineas, and 45 guineas respectively, and the holding
of the Court Leet at Cricklade still with 12 jurymen and a hayward com-
plete, are among the many matters of interest noted. There is a rich store
of Folk Lore material throughout the book. The use of the “ Lye dropper”
for softening hard water, the method of making Potato starch, Rushlights
whose wick was the peeled pith of rushes, candles made by filling dry teasel
‘“‘oixes” with fat after drawing a string through the middle of them,
‘** Barley-dodkins,” or “ Barley-bangers,” “ Frogwater ” in place of tea, made
by putting a “ frog” (a toasted crust of bread) into the teapot and pouring
boiling water on it), wine made from “peggles” and “ipsons,’ weather
sayings, rhymes, riddles, proverbs, matters of luck, &c., &c., follow one
another in extraordinary profusion.
If you wish to produce warts wash your hands with water in which an
egg has been boiled; if you wish to get rid of them take an elder twig,
strip it of leaves, drive it into the earth out of sight, and do not visit the
place for seventeen days. It is in these and such-like things that the value of
the book consists. The author is not always at his best in his notes on
Natural History matters, but he does know the inside of the mind of the
old fashioned Wiltshire labourer, and the language that he spoke, and, what
is more, he not only knows these things, but he knows how to set them
down for others, as few writers on country matters have known. The book
was reviewed at length in Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 19th, 1922.
The Lion andthe Rose (The Great Howard Story)
Norfolk Line 957—1646, Suffolk Line 1603—1917.
By Ethel M. Richardson. London: Hutchinson & -
Co. [1923]. 8vo. Vol. I., pp. 296, 10 portraits. Vol. II., 297—615,
5 portraits and view of Charlton. 32/- net.
The publishers of this book say “‘ the story of the family of Howard is
also the story of England. ‘The author traces the thrilling history of this
great line from the days before the conquest to the death of the nineteenth —
Earl of Suffolk in the Great War.” It is, however, not a family history,
there is not a single pedigree, and genealogists will not go to its pages for |
information which is not readily available in ordinary books of reference.
On the other hand it will be read by numbers of people who would never
think of looking into a serious family history. Moreover a serious family
history of the Howards could not be compressed into 600 pages of rather
large print, and would be the work of a lifetime to compile. The book is@
very readable series of sketches of English history as the background of |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 259
| the Howard story beginning with the revolt of Hereward the Wake, the
legendary ancestor.
The French Wars and Joan of Arc, the Wars of the Roses, Hen. VIILI.,
Sir Thomas More, Mary ‘Tudor, Elizabeth and Mary Q. of Scots, the
Armada, the Gunpowder Plot, are all dealt with at some length, and the
part played by prominent Howards in each period is indicated, but in many
cases the background seems to fill most of the picture. The first volume is
taken up entirely with the Norfolk line, and therefore does not touch
Wiltshire directly. Perhaps the most interesting thing in it is the account,
_ extracted from the MS. at Pembroke College, Cambridge, of the expenses
of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, High Treasurer of England in 1526—27. The
number of the guests at Framlingham Castle, and the amount of meat on
| ordinary days, and of fish on fasting days, provided for their entertainment
| isreally astounding. The menu, too, of the different courses, given in detail,
with the same kinds of meat, dressed in different ways it is to be presumed,
appearing in course after course, is most curious and enlightening. On
Christmas Day at least nineteen or twenty sorts of birds alone were served
up at table. Space might well have been found for many more pages from
this remarkable MS. On the other hand it is a pity that the “ Kenil-
worth ” version of the story of Amye Robsart should have been given here
again, without the least intimation that that version was proved to be en-
_ tirely fallacious, on first-hand evidence from archives at Longleat, by Canon
Jackson more than 40 years ago (Wilts Arch. Mag., xvii., 46—93). Amye
Robsart was never at Kenilworth, for Kenilworth was not granted to her
husband till 1563, three years after her death, nor was she ever Countess of
Leicester, and the allegation of foul play on the part of her husband rests
on a very unsound foundation.
The second volume. is concerned with the Suffolk line and Charlton.
Thomas, Ld. Howard of Walden, Ist Earl of Suffolk, married, secondly,
Catherine, heiress of Sir Henry Knyvett, of Charlton, and began to build
| the house in 1604 or5. Sir Hen. Knyvett’s funeral at Charlton is described.
The Civil War fills a chapter, but the Howards are hardly touched on in it.
In the same way the story of the Duke of Buckingham fills many pages,
Lord Robert Howard by his marriage with Lady Honora, widow of Sir
Francis Englefield, became possessed of Vasterne Manor. He also owned
Castle Rising and much other property. Vasterne was sold to Laurence
Hyde, Earl of Rochester, son of Lord Clarendon, who lived there, and it
_ remained in the Hyde family until it was bought cer. 1870 by Sir Henry
Meux. Lady Betty Howard, sister of Sir Robert of Vasterne, married the
_ poet Dryden, and their first son, Charles, was born at Charlton. Dryden
and Sir Robert together wrote the play “An Irish Queen.” The Suffolk
Jine is followed in fairly close detail, but the arrangement and the absence
of a pedigree, and the frequent digressions on matters of general history
make the family story difficult to follow. The portraits at Charlton
are mentioned and some account is given of each succeeding Earl and his
family. Of Charles William Howard, 7th Earl, it is noted that his “ negro
servant,” Scipio Africanus, was buried in Henbury churchyard, Gloucester-
shire, and his fool, Dickey Pearce, in Berkeley churchyard, with an epitaph
260 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
composed by Swift. Henrietta, wife of Charles John, 9th Earl, was a
prominent favourite at the court of Geo. II. and is introduced by Scott in
the “‘ Heart of Midlothian ” in Jeanie Dean’s interview with Q. Caroline.
There is a long account of Sir Jerome Bowes (ancestor of Hen. Bowes, 4th
Earl of Berkshire and 11th Karl of Suffolk), Ambassador to the Court of
Muscovy, of whom there is a portrait at Charlton. Some account too is
given of Moll Davis, the actress, whose portrait is alsoin the house In_
1776 it was decided to pull down the present house at Charlton and build
a new one, but the gallery ceiling seemed too good to destroy, so an attempt
was made to take it up in sections from above,and on the 12th Lord Suffolk’s
death in 1779 the work was happily stopped. His posthumous son Henry
(18th Earl) only lived two days, and it is recorded that as the workmen
were finishing the ceiling of the Great Hall, on the sounding of the passing
bell they left their work and it was never afterwards completed. A con-
siderable number of letters cer. 1736, from Lord and Lady Tylney, of
Wanstead House, Essex, to their daughter, Lady Emma (Child), wife of Sir
Robert Long, of Draycot, are given. The book happily has a good index
in which reference may be found to all names of any importance mentioned
in the text ; it is attractively dressed in a very nice cover, is well printed
and illustrated.
Swindon’s War Record. Prepared for the Swindon
Town Council by W. D. Bavin. [llustrated. John Drew
(Printers) Ltd., 51, Bridge Street, Swindon. 1922.
Cloth, 4to., pp. 352 Sixteen good photo illustrations of which “In
Memoriam ” (the War Memorial) ; Off to India, the R.F.A. ; The Mayor of
Swindon’s farewell to the R.F.A.; Ambulance Train built in Swindon
Works; 6in. Guns on travelling carriages in G.W.R. Factory ; Great Guns |
in Swindon Works; and Portrait of the Earl of Suffolk, Wilts Battery of
the 3rd Wessex R.F.A., directly concern Wiltshire, the remainder being of
scenes in France and India in which Swindon men figured. This excellently
printed book, with its clearly marked headings of all subsections and its
adequate index is a model of what a war record should be. On a small
scale Steeple Ashton and Whiteparish ,have found admirable chroniclers,
but there has been nothing at all published in Wiltshire, or so far as has
come under the knowledge of the writer of this notice, in any other neigh-
bouring county, which for completeness and accurate fulness of detail can
be compared with Swindon’s record. It concerns itself not merely with
the soldiers who served, but with all those, men and women alike, who, in
the railway town, were engaged during the years of the war in the hundred
and one activities born directly or indirectly of the war. The work of the
different war funds and committees and the totals of the amounts con-
tributed and expended are described in great detail. Of course in all these
matters there was nothing unique about Swindon’s record. What Swindon
did a hundred other similar towns doubtless did too, but Swindon has
found its vates sacer in Mr. W. D. Bavin, as few if any other towns have,
thanks to the wise liberality of the Corporation, and to his own unwearied
skill in condensing the enormous mass of material into an orderly and
readable account, the value of which will increase as years pass on, and |
See == =
SSS
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 261
the remembrance of Belgian refugees, and munition workers, and farm
girls, and meat and butter and sugar rations, and prisoners’ parcels, pass
away. Part I., “Local affairs during the War,” deals successively with
1914, “First effects of thewar. ‘The Belgians in Swindon ; 1915, Settling
down to war conditions; 1916, In the full tide of war work, The care of
the Prisoners of War, List of Prisoners of Wilts Regiment supported by
Swindon, 1917, Growing restrictions and unflagging work ; 1918, The year
of rationing, The close of the war, Roll of Honour, Towards re-settle-
ment, Women’s work during the war.”
Part II. deals with the local military units. “The Swindon Company of
the Royal Fortress Engineers (Terr.). The Ist or Wilts Battery R.F.A.
(Yerr.). The “ D” or Swindon Squadron of Royal Wilts Yeomanry (Terr.).
The Swindon Company of the R.A.M.C. (Terr.). The Wiltshires in India.
and Palestine, in France, in Turkey and Mesopotamia, and in Macedonia.
List of the men in the forces who returned. Altogether a work of which
its compiler and the town of Swindon may alike feel proud, and for which
posterity may well be thankful.
The Andover District: an account of Sheet 288
of the One-Inch Ordnance Map. By O. G. S.
Crawford. Oxford University Press. Royal 8vo. [1922.]
This memoir, written as a thesis for the Diploma in Geography in 1910,
and to some extent brought up to date, is an elaborate and valuable study of
the district concerned, which contains twenty-four parishes in Hants, one
in Berks, and five wholly in Wilts (Chute, Chute Forest, Ludgershall,
Buttermere, Tidcombe and Fosbury), and portions of others, Ham,
Shalbourne, Great Bedwyn, N. Tidworth, and the Collingbournes.
The Geology, especially the Tertiary and Pleistocene gravels and clays,
and the Eoliths found in the latter, are dealt with in some detail. The
‘gravels near the heads of the valleys, as at Biddesden, consisting of unrolled
and unworn flints, are explained as due to the gradual removal of the chalk
in solution by the rain water, especially from the heavy rains in Pleistocene
times, before the surface was covered with turf and vegetation, leaving the
insoluble flints.
The river systems and the watersheds of the district are described, and.
the types of parishes ‘“‘ River Basin,” “Spring Line,” “ Forest,” according as.
the site of the original settlements was decided by the existence of the
streams, the springs (chiefly at the junction of the Greensand and the Gault),
or the forest country, are described. The larger settlements, which developed
into market towns, such as Salisbury, Wilton, and Marlborough, are shown
to be situated at the confluence of valleys. The writer makes the point.
that in many cases, as with Savernake and Chute Forests, the areas
afforested were those on the watersheds between different valley systems.
and their accompanying groups of settlements, and that the parishes such
as Chute in such watershed situations, whether of forest or “ Residual
Downland,” often differ in shape and characteristics (he calls them ‘“ In-
trusive”) from the more general types.
The natural vegetation of Neolithic times is reconstructed from existing
262 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
survivals of down, woodland, or ‘“‘ Bush” country, with a photo of the
latter with birch trees on plateau gravel near Bedwyn.
As regards the lynchets on thesides of the downs he considers those forming
long narrow strips with parallel sides as formed by the plough in medieval
times, but the smaller irregular lynchets as quite unsuited to the plough
and probably of prehistoric or Romano-British origin. Buttermere he
thinks is a lineal descendant of a prehistoric hilltop village, and he agrees
with Dr. Grundy in regarding the “ Mere,” in this case and many place
names in the district as referring to artificial ponds, :
Ancient roads, prehistoric remains, earthworks, barrows, and casual pits
are all carefully noted. The opening of three long barrows in Wilts is shortly
described. ‘Tidcombe Long Barrow, with its stone chamber, opened 1750;
a long barrow of slight elevation, not on the O.M., a quarter mile east of
Oxenwood, said to have been opened by the lady who owned it ; and the
long barrow on Wexcombe Down, East Grafton, opened by the author in
1914, close to the group of seven round barrows, of which five are not on
the Ordnance Map.
He quotes from Stukeley, Zéin., VI., p. 132, “In the fields about Chute
are bones dug up very plentifully, in a place called Llood-field especially ;
they likewise found there a stone coffin with a skeleton enclosed, and an
arrow, a spear-head of brass, as described to me. There was a horse found
buryed about three yards from the body. Whether this was Roman or
British I cannot affirm: I am inclinable to think the latter, but it seems
that a battle was fought here between ‘em.”
The Anglo-Saxon boundaries of a number of Hampshire parishes are
identified from charters, perambulations, &c., and the charters (from
Cartularium Saxonicum, Birch, 1885—93) concerned with Great and Little
Bedwyn, Collingbourne, Ham,and Burbage, are noted. The Perambulations
of the Bailiwick of Hippenscombe in the Forest of Savernake, A.D. 1300,
and of Chute Forest. [29 Ed. I.] are given.
Amongst the early forms of place names are Covan Holt (18th century),
for Conholt ; Crawlbush (18th century), for Crawlboys ; Hurpingescombe,
Huppingescombe (18th century), for Hippenscombe.
A short History of the Wiltshire Regiment (Duke
of Edinburgh’s) (66nd and 99th Foot) from 1756 to
1918. By Lieut.-Col, R. M. T. Gillson, DS.O., Wilt-
shire Regiment, London: Gale & Polden, Ltd., 2, Amen Corner, |
Paternoster Row, E.C. 4. [1921.]
Stiff covers, cr. 8vo., pp. 43. Price 2/- Coloured plates: Non-com.-
Officer and Private, 1914; Officers of 62nd Regt., 1828 ; Capt. W. Coleman, |
Royal Wiltshire Militia, 1803 ; photos of three men in battle order, 1918; |
group of 1st Battalion after their victory over the Prussian Guard at p
Thiepval, Aug. 25th, 1916; portrait of Capt. R. F. J. Hayward, V.C., ;
M.C. ; Trones Wood.
This is intended to be a short reliable history of the regiment from its |—
original enrolment down to the end of the Great War, this latter period |
occupying half of the whole. The 1st Batt. was raised at Torbay in 1756 as |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 263
the 2nd Batt. of the 4th Foot, but in 1758 it became a separate regiment,
the 62nd. Three other regiments which had successively been disbanded
had already borne this number, of which the first fought at Dettingen and
Fontenoy and was disbanded in 1748. In 1758 half the 62nd went as
“marines ” to Canada, and in remembrance of their services “ Bells” are still
struck as in the Navy, in place of the ordinary clock hours. They fought
at Louisberg and the capture of Quebec, whilst the other half of the Regi-
ment held the Castle of Carrickfergus, in Ireland, against the raiding
_ French force under Thurot. 1n 1775 the Regiment fought under Burgoyne
_ against the American colonists, and at the Battle of Trois Rivieres in 1776
their activity in pursuit gained them the name of “ The Springers.” In
1782 they became officially “The Wiltshire Regiment,” a 2nd Batt. was
_ formed in 1804, served in the Mediterranean in 1806, adopting the Maltese
Cross as its badge, and in the Peninsular Campaign in 1813, being disbanded
in 1820. The present 2nd Batt., however, was formerly the Lanarkshire
| Regt., and was affiliated to the 62ndin 1881. The Regiment’s services in
' India, in the three great battles of the Sikh war, are noted, and the curious
_ history of the colours, lost in the sea during the landing of the troops in a
_ storm, and recovered eight months afterwards, and now hanging in Salis-
_ bury Cathedral, whilst the colours meanwhile given to replace them were
burnt by accident in a boat on the Ganges. In 1855 the Regiment took a
| prominent part in the siege of Sebastopol and the attack on the Redan.
The 99th foot (the 2nd Batt. Wilts Regt.) was raised in 1824 as the
Lanarkshire Regt. Four regiments bearing the same number had
_ previously been raised and disbanded, the first of them in 1760 at Salisbury.
Served in Australia and fought in the Maori War 1845, and at the capture
| of Pekin 1860. Its title was changed to “ The Duke of Edinburgh’s Regt.”
1874, and it continued a Scottish Lowland Regiment until 1886. Foughtin
the Zulu War 1879, and the South African War 1900—1902.
| ~The 3rd Batt., ‘‘ The Wiltshire Militia.” The Militia existed as early as
| 1570, and 1200 trained men in companies were ready to resist the Spanish
Armada. In 1641, Lord Pembroke was appointed to organise them. In
1685 they were at the Battle of Sedgmoor. In 1697 Wilts had four
‘regiments, amounting to 2366 foot men. In 1750 there were 10 companies
jof 80 men each. In 1759 the Wiltshire Militia was numbered 33 (ag
lon the colours now in St. James’ Church, Devizes) in the order of prece-
dence of Militia Regiments. During the Napoleonic Wars a second Militia
Regiment was raised in Wilts, known as the “ Yellow Regiment,” and their
colours hang in Salisbury Cathedral. The Militia volunteered for foreign
Service in 1814,1855, and 1901. In 1881 they became the 3rd Batt. of the
| Wiltshire Regt., and in 1908 the title “‘ Militia” gave place to that of ‘‘ The
|Special Reserve,” and their colours now bear the battle honours of the
Wiltshire Regiment.
| The 4th Battalion. In 1908 the old Rifle Volunteer Corps, raised origin-
ally in 1859, and organised in 1861 into the Ist and 2nd Battalions of the
Wilts Rifle Volunteers, became the 4th Batt. of the Wiltshire Regiment.
_ The great achievements of the seven Battalions of the Regiment, and
their various sub-divisions, during the Great War 1914—18, in which they
YOu. XLIT.—NO. CXXXVIII. AL
|
|
|
264 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
lost 4924 officers and men killed or died of disease, fills the last half of the
book, which is an excellent summary of the history of the Regiment, short, —
clear, and readable.
Some Old Houses of Devizes, No.15. The House
No. 22, 23, The Brittox. By Ed. Kite. Wiltshire c<_ |
Nov. 30th, 1922. a
Mr. Kite gives the early spellings of “‘ The Brittox”’ as “‘ La Britasche,” ; -
1807—26 ; “la Brutax,” 1417; ‘‘le Las ” 1546; “The Bryttax,” 1556; )
‘* The (Baie ” 1567. The “ Bretesque,” the onded tower or defeneall .
protecting the drawbridge at the entrance of the outer Baily of the Castle,
which gave its name to the street, stood close to the houses here described.
[Mr. Kite mentions that a field at Studley close to the site of Stanleam
Abbey, bears the name of ‘“‘ the Brittox,” and suggests that it may perhaps |
mark the entrance to the outer precincts of the Abbey.] William Coventre |
is believed to have leased No. 22 in 1417 to Roger Birbur (the Barber) and |
later to have given it as part of the endowment of a chantry in St. Mary’s |
Church. In 1558—9 the churchwardens leased it for 99 years to Robert |
Drew of Southbroom, and it was long occupied by the family of Fitzall or |
Fidsall, Mary Fitzall being the tenant, 1669—81. Here the Anabaptists of |
Devizes met in 1669, numbering then from sixty to eighty, and continued —
to meet for over acentury, their head and teacher at first being Thomas Hicks,
In 1664 Sam. Fitzall, clothier, obtained a new lease for 99 years. Toso |
Wright,who died 1712, occupied the premises, and during the occupancy of |
John Filkes, in 1780, the congregation moved into their newly-built chapel |
in Maryport Street. Mr. Kite mentions the principal ministers ejected |
under the Act of Uniformity in 1662 who had charge of Nonconformist
congregations in Devizes, John Frayling, Rector of Compton (Bassett?) |
preached with Obadiah Wills to an “ Independent” congregation in 1669, |
in the house of John Freeme. Ben. Flower, s. of Roger Flower, Rector of
Castle Combe and Little Cheverell, was ejected from Cardiff and became |
pastor of congregations at Chippenham and Devizes until 1709. Nathaniel |
Chauncey, b. 1679, s. of Ichabod Chauncey, minister of Redcliffe, Bristol, |
was a minister at Devizes for nearly 50 years, and is buried in St. Mary’s |
Church. John Filkes assisted Ben. Flower from 1708 to 1709, dying 1728. }
Obadiah Wills resigning the Rectory of Alton Barnes in 1660 preached at |
Devizes. Timothy Sacheverell, ejected from Tarrant Hinton, Dorset, came |
to Devizes in 1672. He married, first, Mary, d. of John Conant Puritan, |
pastor of St. Thomas, Sarum, and ceases. Bridget, (?d. of John Grayle, |
of Collingbourne Ducis, and Rector of Tidworth). He was the uncle of |
Joshua Sacheverell, Rector of St. Peter’s, Marlborough, whose third son, |
Henry, became the panos Dr. Sacheverell.
Some Old Houses of Devizes, No.16. The Rectory/
House, and succession of Rectors. By Ed. Kite.
Wiltshire Gazette; Dec. 14th and 21st, 1922.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 265
It had ceased to be the residence of the Rector before 1704, having ap-
parently suffered in the Civil War, for an entry in the ‘‘ Commons’ Journal,”
1646, May 28th, ‘‘ ordered that all such materials as are now remaining in
the Castle of the Devizes, and which were part of, or belonging to St.
John’s Church, or to the Parsonage House belonging to the said Church,
shall be forthwith restored to the Churchwardens there, for the re-edifying
of the said Church and Parsonage House.” In 1783 it was described as “a
small Thatched Cottage ” and a faculty authorisedits entire removal. Mr.
Kite gives a very useful list of the Rectors, with notes on each, from 1192
to 1922, with details of their lives and family connections.
_ Some Old Houses of Devizes, No. 17. ‘The
Croft,” in Southbroom, Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 18th, 1923.
“The Spital Croft ” was the site of a Leper Hospital dedicated to SS.
James and Dionysius (Denis), to which K. John granted in 1208 a two days
fair annually on the Feast of St. Denis and the following day, for its
_ support, but in 1226 Hen. III. grants to Bp. Richard Poore, Lord of the
| Manor of Bishops Cannings, a Fair at South Brome lasting four days, a
| grant confirmed in 1378 and 1395. ‘This was evidently a continuation of
_ the fair granted to the Leper Hospital, which perhaps had ceased to exist.
| This fair on the Green continued to be held on the feast of St. Dionysius
gi Oct. 9th) and five following days until the introduction of the new style
in 1751, when the date became Oct. 20th, at which it is still held. Amongst
the tenants or owners of the house at Spital Croft was Frederick Robbins,
born at the Manor House, Woodborough, who in early life settled on an
| island on the north coast of Tasmania, still known as ‘‘ Robbins’ Island,”
| and later returning to Devizes became a partner in the brewery of “ Humby
| & Robbins,” died 1896 at the age of 92, and is buried at Woodborough.
eA EE Se eS 8 bo Ce ee ee eee
q
»!
q
7
\
|
| Remarks on Mr. Stone’s paper on the date of
Stonehenge, and on the dating of Megalithic
‘Structures by astronomical means. By Rear-
| Admiral Boyle T. Somerville, C M.G. Jan, Sept., 1922.
No. 77, pp. 188—137.
| Mr. pione’s paper in J/an, Aug., 1922, was noticed in the Dec., 1922,
‘number of the Magazine. In his criticisms Adm. Somerville lays stress on
the difference between the “true sun” and the ‘‘apparent sun” at sunrise,
as “true sunrise ” takes place several minutes later than “apparent sun-
b oa and at a distance from the apparent position. He further refers to
to the difficulty of laying out an accurate axial line, “not only are the
\ | stones of Megalithic monuments themselves so rough in shape, and so large
|in dimensions that an accurate axial line can scarcely be laid out, but also
they are seldom if ever found truly symmetrically placed.”
He also asks which actual point of the sunrise are we to take as that for
| which the ancient builders laid out their line? When the upper edge of
the sun appeared above the horizon? When it was half risen? Or when
‘it was wholly risen? At Stonehenge for example if the azimuth of the
first appearance be taken, the date works out at 1840 B.C. If the azimuth
m2
266 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
of the sun’s centre when half risen be taken, the date is set back to about
3310 B.C. If it be wholly risen the date would be 5200 B.C. He suggests
a star as more likely to provide a correct result than the sun, and concludes
that ‘‘ to attempt to date either of the two circles (the blue stone circle
and the sarsen circle, which he assumes are of different ages) at Stonehenge
by the azimuth of the midsummer sunrise is useless, as the present con-
dition of the ruin of the monument is too great to lay outfrom the ground
plan of either circle an orientation line of sufficient accuracy. If, however,
the orientation towards Silbury (Sidbury) Hill, eight miles distant, can be
considered a probability, as it was by Sir Norman Lockyer, the limits of
date given by him, namely 200 years on either side of 1680 B.C. are
justified for whichever circle to which it related.”
Stonehenge. Notes on the Midsummer Sunrise.
A reply to Man, 1922. 77. By E. Herbert Stone.
Man, Nov., 1922, pp. 171—174.
Mr. Stone replies to Admiral Somerville’s criticisms, that the difference
between ‘“‘real” and “apparent” sunrise was allowed for in Lockyer’s
calculations, and that the axis of the structure and its prolongation in the
centre line of the avenue was determined with great accuracy by both Petrie
and Lockyer. As to the three stages of sunrise, the first gleam of sunrise
above the horizon “‘is that which has been accepted as a matter of course
by all previous investigators, as even apart from the question of a reasonable
date we may consider the first gleam of the rising sun as that which would
most naturally appeal to the builders of Stonehenge.” As to the two circles
of different ages—Prof. Gowland and Col. Hawley by their excavations
have conclusively proved that in the monument as it now stands the two
circles are contemporaneous and the axis is that of the sarsen circle. He
sums up and defines the present position of the controversy as giving the
date 2040 to 1840 B.C.
The Age ofStonehenge. By T. Rice Holmes, Litt.D.
The Antiquarres’ Journal, Oct., 1922, Vol. II., pp. 344—349.
This is a reply to Mr. Stone’s paper in the Wineteenth Century, Jan., 1922,
(noticed W.A.J., xlii., pp. 88, 89), wherein he set out to vindicate Sir
Norman Lockyer’s theory against Dr. Rice Holmes’ criticisms. He rightly
points out that 1840 B.C., the limit assigned by Mr. Stone himself, may be
well within the Early Bronze Age, so that, even if the astronomical date is
accepted, it does not mean that Stonehenge is necessarily of Neolithic origin, —
He also makes the point that the midsummer sunrise “is rarely visible at
Stonehenge,” and that on June 2ist, 1903, it was visible for the first time
for nearly ten years. He then proceeds in a thoroughly unrepentant spirit
to recapitulate his objections to what he regards as the “assumptions”
necessary to support the astronomical theory. He remarks, too, that,
“although as everyone who has studied the subject knows, from the point
of view of an observer standing on or behind the altar stone, the sun’s
upper rim first appears north of the Friar’s Heel and appeared still further
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 267
north when Stonehenge was built, it does not follow that the Friar’s Heel
was not used for observing, or that Lockyer was right in leaving it out of
his calculations.” He also falls foul of the idea that the axis line was
prolonged forwards to Sidbury Hill, and backward to Groveley. ‘Since
no avenue was made towards Groveley Mr. Stone’s supposition that ‘ the
Grovely extension line was purposely set out’ is a baseless guess.”
Stonehenge : Concerning the Four Stations. By
E. Herbert Stone. Nature, Feb. 17th, 1923, pp. 220—222, with
diagram. Mr. Stone, in this paper, is concerned specially with the two
earth mounds just inside the earth bank of Stonehenge. These two mounds
exactly correspond with the two stones now standing just within the bank.
In consequence of the finding of an interment of burnt bones in one of
them excavated by Sir R. Colt Hoare, these two mounds have
been regarded as Bronze Age barrows, and as the ditch appears to
encroach on them, they have been cited by many writers, including Dr.
Rice Holmes in Anczent Britain, as strong evidence that the ditch was dug
and Stonehenge erected after at least two round barrows already existed
on the ground. Mr. Stone uses the evidence of Col. Hawley’s most recent
excavations with much weight on this point against Dr.Rice Holmes. ‘* That
these mounds are really positions which were once occupied by stones has,
however, now been placed beyond doubt by the excavations lately carried
out by Col. Hawley, in the course of which the crater or hollow in the
middle of one of these sites (No. 92) was completely cleared down to the
original chalk rock. I inspected the bottom of the hole when it had just
been cleared out, and it was evident that it had been dug as the foundation
pit for a large stone.” And he quotes Col. Hawley’s report, “ Nearly in the
middle of the place was a large hole. Sir Richard Colt Hoare mentions
having opened it without result, consequently it was in a very disturbed
state and afforded nothing of interest until it had been emptied. It was
then seen that it must formerly have contained a large stone, perhaps about
the size of the one (No. 91) lying near the rampart a little way to the east.
On the north side, forming part of the hole, was an incline in the
solid chalk for introducing the stone somewhat similar to those met with
in the Stonehenge circle. The hole was about 4 feet deep.”
Mr. Stone suggests that ‘‘ most of the material of these so-called mounds
is merely the soil thrown out by Colt Hoare in making his excavations.”
Against this, however, is the fact that Hoare himself speaks of them as
mounds. On the other hand Mr. Stone makes the point that Stukeley
(1740), Wood, Dr. John Smith, Waltire, and the Rev. Richard Warner
(1801) all speak of two holes, and not mounds, on these sites. Dr. John
Smith, 1771, says, “ Directly north and south of the Temple, just within
the vallum of the ditch, is the appearance of two circular holes, encompassd
with the earth that was thrown out of them. Bnt they are now almost
effaced by time.” Mr. Stone concludes that both sites were originally
occupied by stones, and that the stone from No. 94 “had already been
removed in the Bronze Age, as a cremated interment was found by Colt
Hoare in the foundation pit.”
268 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
[Salisbury Cathedral and Stonehenge]. “The Two
Temples.” By Bart Kennedy. Animaginative article in Bart’s Broadsheet,
Oct. 20th, 1922. (Published at Brighton.) Reprinted in Wdltshire Gazette,
Oct. 26th, 1922.
Lacock Abbey. Articles by H. Avray Tipping in Country Life,
March 38rd, 10th and 17th, 1923. That on March 3rd, pp. 280—287, containsa
sketch of the history of the Abbey, and of its architecture, the latter chiefly
taken from Mr. Brakspear’s account (W.A.J/. xxx1i., 196), accompanied by a
series of excellent photographs, many of them of points not illustrated before
—“ The 8S. and E. Elevations”; ‘“‘ The Chapter House and E. Walk of the
Cloister (from inside the Chapter House) ”; ‘‘ The Sacristy and Chapels” ;
‘* Looking down the E. Walk of the Cloister” (two photos) ; ‘‘ Cloister Work
of the 14th and 15th Centuries” ; “The Nuns’ Warming House” (with the
bronze cauldron) ; “ The roof of the Frater”; ‘“‘ The N. end of the E. Eleva-
tion”; ‘Inside the Stable Court, looking N.W.”; ‘* Outside the Stable
Court, looking W.”; “* The E. range of the Stable Court, meeting the N.E.
corner of the Monastic building” ; “ Ground Plan” (Mr. Brakspear’s).
Part II., March 10th, contains a good account of the career of Will.
Sharington, and an appreciation of the influence of his work on the progress
of English Renaissance architecture, largely founded on papers by Mr. C.
H. Talbot and Preb. Clarke Maxwell in this Magazine. Mr. Tipping writes
of him:—* As an active and informed supporter of the movement from |
Gothic to Renaissance principles he arouses our interest and deserves our |
esteem. He belonged to, and may even have led, the small band of |
Englishmen who, in the middle years of the sixteenth century, scught to
found the new architecture on models derived direct from Italy.” ‘The
illustrations in this number are:—‘‘The East Elevation”; ‘“ Roofs of
House and Stables”; “A long line of Sharington’s Chimney Shafts;
“Roof walk along the top of the N. wall of the destroyed Church”; |
“Tables in the middle and top rooms of Sharington’s Tower ;” “Stair
Turret opening on to the roof of Sharington’s Tower”; ‘‘ The way to the
top room of Sharington’s Tower”; “ Detail of Chimney Shafts”; ‘“‘ From
the W. end of the Roof Walk”; ‘S.E. corner of the Cloister Garth ”;
“S.E. corner of the Stable Court”; ‘‘ The full extent of the East Eleva-
tion”; “Sharington’s Tower”; ‘ Ancient Bridge over the Avon.”
Part III., March 17th, pp. 352—359. This part has photographs of
“Tvory Talbot’s Gothic Arch” (entrance); “ Interior of the Hall rebuilt in
the ‘Gothick taste’ by Ivory Talbot in 1753—55”; “The Library—the
wainscoting is of Sir John Talbot’s time (d. 1714)”; “The Dining Room |
decorated by Ivory Talbot in the prevailing Georgian manner of his day”; |
“The Stone Gallery, it occupies the east portion of the Nuns’ Dorter’’; |
“ Furniture in Sharington’s Stone Gallery”; “ Between the windows of |
the Dining Room’’; “Sharington’s Tomb in Lacock Church”; “A Jamb |
of Sharington’s Gallery Chimneypiece” ; “‘ Helmet with the Talbot Lion”; |~
“Pseudo-Gothic Hall and Oriels (exterior)”’; ‘‘ Lacock Abbey in 1684, | —
from a Sketch by Thomas Dingley.” i
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 269
Sharington’s chimneypiece in the Stone Gallery is described as showing
arefinement of Italian feeling displayed by no other existing English
chimneypiece or monument of the 16th century. Mr. Tipping suggests
that chimneypieces of the same style at Apethorp and Boughton, in
Northants, may both have been carved by Chapman under the influence of
Sharington. The Sharington monument in the Church, he thinks, was
probably designed and begun by Sharington himself, but never finished as
it bears no inscription. Sir John Talbot’s work in re-decorating the dining
room and re-building the hall as one of the earliest examples of the Gothic
revival is described. To him is due the destruction of many of Sharing-
ton’s windows, chimnies, and other details.
Lacock Church and Village. By H. Avray Tipping. Country
Life, March 31st and April 7th, 1923, pp. 443—446, 475—479.
Of the Church good illustrations are given of ‘‘ The N. side”; “The
high E. Window of the Nave”; “The W. End”; ‘“ The E. End”; ‘ Look-
ing down the Nave”; ‘ Interior of the Chantry ”; ‘‘ Jacobean Mural Tablet
of painted oak (Sir Robert Baynard and his wife)”; ‘“‘'The 15th century
Cup used as a Chalice.” The village has the following 13 illustrations :—
“At the Church Gates” ; “14th cent. Doorway in Church Street”; ‘“ Door-
way of the Old Angel in Church Street”; ‘Chimney Corner in the Old
Angel”; ‘‘ Looking up Church Street from the Chippenham Road” ;
‘“Ancient timber-framed dwellings in Church Street”; “The Raised
Causeway and the George Inn”; “Stone-tiled Dormers”; “‘ Old Kitchen
Fire in the George Inn”; “The Dog-turned Wheel of the Spit”; ‘‘ The
Porch House”; ‘‘ Looking down the High Street with the Red Lion, the
14th cent, Barn, and the Abbey Chamberlain’s Dwelling”; “A Timber-
framed House in the High Street.”
If Lacock Abbey did not exist, Lacock Church and village would still be
among the most notable and interesting sights of Wiltshire. As it is the
- Abbey has generally absorbed the attention of writers on Wiltshire, and the
village has never before been so worthily illustrated. The Church of the
14th and 15th centuries is shortly described, and it is noted that the monu-
ment of late Renaissance type to Sir John Talbot, which blocked up the
westernmost of the two north windows of the Chantry, and was removed
when that window, the tracery of which was almost uninjured, was re-
opened, has been re-erected in the west end of the High Street as the
nucleus of the War Memorial. The various interesting houses of the village
of the 14th and later centuries are touched on, among which the Porch
House, and another on the south side of the High Street, both of the 15th
century, are described somewhat more in detail. Of the house near the
Barn and the Abbey entrance which is supposed to have been the dwelling
of the Abbey Chamberlain, it is suggested that that oftice may have been
hereditary, and that the Chamberlain family who occupied it some years
ago may be descendants of the Abbey official.
Scraper-core Industries in North Wilts. By the
Rev. H. G. O. Kendall, F.S.A. Reprinted from the “ Proceed-
ings of the Prehistoric Society of Kast Anglia,” vol. III., part 4. 1921. 18
plates. 8vo, pp. 27.
270 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
This is another instalment of the author’s elaborate studies of the worked
flints of Windmill Hill, Avebury, and Hackpen Hill. He suggests that
three series of cores and flakes presumably belong to three different periods,
the white flints of Windmill Hill with decayed surface being the earliest,
of Neolithic or Early Bronze Age as he suggests. With regard to these
white flints he notices one important point, that those from the thin chalk
land at the top of Windmill Hill have very few iron mould markings, whilst —
on the more chalky clayey footslopes of the hill both blue and white flints
exbibit these marks freely. ‘‘It seems clear that the plough was not.the
cause of these markings, and likely enough that thé chalky clayey soil was.”
He would assign the blue series of flints found on Hackpen and elsewhere
to the late Bronze Age, and the black grey flints to the Late Celtic Age
perhaps. Respecting patina as a criterion of age he writes:—‘ Although
the formation of patina is a complicated question, a close study of both the
naturally fractured and the ‘human’ flints, with special regard to the
succession of patinas on those re-chipped or fractured by man or by nature,
makes it evident that the decay of the surfaces to the extent of whitening
took place during the earlier surface periods, e.g., Neolithic and perhaps
Early Bronze Age, and afterwards did not occur again in the same intensity.
The white patinated Avebury- Windmill flints, both ‘human’ and ‘ natural’
and the white patinated, naturally produced specimens on the Hackpen
sites, were plainly all chipped or thermally fractured, as the case may be,
during the same space of time. The blue patinated Hackpen ‘human’
flints are therefore later than than the white Avebury Windmill specimens
for they are sometimes made from a naturally fractured flint bearing a
white patina.” Mr. Kendall buttresses his arguments by the claim that in
a long series of cores arranged according to colour and patination it is
possible to see a difference in the style of flaking which corresponds with
the difference of patina, proving that the latter is not accidental. There
are 18 plates of admirably drawn flints from Windmill Hill, Avebury Down,
and Hackpen. |
The Black Death in Dorset (13848—1349). By
Rev. Canon J. M. J. Fletcher. Dorset Nat. Hist. and Ant.
Field Club Trans., 1922.
This is an excellent account of the plague in Dorset, where it is said to
have appeared first in England at the port of Meleombe Regis or Weymouth
on July 7th, 1348. Canon Fletcher uses the records of Institutions to
Benefices caused by the death of previous incumbents as almost the only
available means of calculating the number of deaths. He finds that the
institutions in Dorset previous to 1848 were about seven in seven months
whereas in the seven plague months they were, according to Gasquet, 81,
but according to the actual records of Institutions at Salisbury, 100, and
28 in the succeeding four months. Comparing this with the neighbouring
counties of Wilts and Hants he finds that institutions owing to deaths of
incumbents were in Wilts 29 in 1847, 72 in 1348, 103 in 1849, whilst they
rose to 128 in 1361, the year when the plague returned, and he mentions
that all the inmates of Ivychurch Priory died except one—whilst in Hants
the institutions were ten times the usual number in the ten months of the
plague.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 271
Excursion to Mere and Maiden Bradley, in Wilt-
shire. April 20th—26th. Easter, 1916. Report
by Dr. B. Pope Bartlett and John Scanes. (Reprinted
from Proceedings of Geologists’ Association, vol. xxvil., pt. 8. 1916).
Pamphlet, 8vo., pp. 117—134. A folding ‘“ Geological map of the country
around Mere, S. W. Wilts, and N. Dorset,” shows the Great Gault running
across the country from west to east immediately south of West Knoyle,
Charnage Hill, Mere, Zeals House, and Bourton.
There are photos of “Section in the Cornstone Beds, Basement Bed of
Lower Chalk, Lower Pit, Search Farm”; ‘‘ View from Search Farm (E. of
Stourton) showing line of the Great Gault and its topographical effect” ;
“ Blackhill Quarry (W. of Longbridge Deverill)”; ‘‘ Dead Maid Quarry
(W. of Mere)”; ‘“ Baycliffe Quarry”; “Charnage Lime Kiln Quarry” ;
and sections in the text of ‘‘ Dead Maid Quarry” ; ‘““Upper Cretzecous Beds
at Norton Ferris” (E. of Kilmington); and “ Maiden Bradley Quarry.”
Mr. Scanes dwells especially on the transfer of what used to be called “ The
Warminster Upper Greensand,” with its remarkable assemblage of fossils,
from the Upper Greensand (Selbornian stage), to the base of the Lower
Chalk (Cenomanian stage), a transfer chiefly due to Mr. Scane’s own
researches, by which the Upper Greensand is deprived of 95 per cent. of its
accepted fauna. Incidentally he mentions that Shearwater Lake was
formed about a century ago by drowning old workings for brickmaking
from the Gault. He also pointed out that Baker, the fossil collector, ob-
tained a large number of his specimens of the so-called “ Warminster Upper
Greensand ” type from Maiden Bradley Quarry, and that these were taken
to Warminster and sold as ‘‘ Warminster Upper Greensand fossils.” ‘he
various strata seen in the exposures visited are carefully described, and
their characteristic fossils mentioned. Wolverton Cave, S.W. of Zeals
House, was visited, ‘an excavation of uncertain age, but undoubtedly made
for the purpose of obtaining building stone from the tough Glauconitic
Greensand Stone.”
A Map of Adicient Sites in the New Forest, Cran-
borne Chase and Bournemouth District. By Heywood
Sumner, F.S.A. [1923].
Folded in case. 23%in. x 16fin. Price, mounted, 7s. 6d.; unmounted,
4s. 6d. net. Round barrows, long barrows, adetencive camps, dykes, Boctonal
enclosures, Romano- British villages, Roman villas, pottery kiln sites, Roman
finds, and Norman castles are all distinguished on the map by appropriate
symbols. Roman roads are also marked, as well as the boundaries of
Cranbourne Chase and the New Forest, and letters on the Map refer to a
series of the chief authorities on the antiquities, of which a list is given in
one corner. The area of the map Is of course for the most part in Dorset
and Hants; but the whole of the southern border of Wilts from West Dean
to Shaftesbury is contained in the northern portion. It is needless to say
that with Mr. Heywood Summer’s beautiful lettering the map is good to
look at as well as extremely valuable to anyone who wants to know at a
| glance what the antiquities of the district are and where to find them. It
_ will be of great use to all archeologists.
272
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum.
Presented by Rev. C. F. Burcress: Bones, human and animal, found by
Presented by
99 19
Boy Scouts in a cleft? or cave? at Slaughterford, 1922.
Mr. ALFRED STRATTON, of Overton, and Mrs. BirytH: A
spring gun, which belonged to the late oe Alfred
Stratton, of Rushall.
Pror. W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE: Fragments of deer horn
picks and flints found in excavations in Silbury, Aug.,
1922.
Mr. G. W. Gopman: Polished flint celt found on down
a mile west of Urchfont Hill.
Rev. E. H. Gopparp: Polished flint celt from Maddington.
‘“‘ Muddlers fork ” used in 8. Wilts (Chilmark) in building
“mud” walls.
Rev. C._V. GoppDarp : Large-headed nail for wheel instead
of tyre, from Chilmark. Medieval iron knife blades and
meat hook, from old site at Baverstock. Wooden tinder
box with its actual accessories, irons, flints, sulphur |
matches and tinder, used in 8S. Wilts until 1908 by an |
old woman who had never used ordinary matches.
Miss Marta CowarD; Objects collected by her father, the
late Mr. Richard Coward, of Roundway. A small
socketed and looped bronze spear head, two bronze
awls, a bronze ring, shale ring found in urn ina barrow |
on the down above Calstone, bronze Roman spring _
brooch with T-shaped head, two iron knife blades? |
handle and upper part of ewer-shaped bronze vessel,
Roman ?
The Library.
Mr. W. Hewarp BELL: Two sketches of Inglesham Church,
Tre Compizer, Rev. E. H. Gopparp: MS. collections for
the Bibliography of the Writings of Wiltshire Authors,
arranged alphabetically, and the sets of drawers con-
taining them. ‘‘N. Wilts Church Magazine” for six
years. ‘Twenty-five Wilts photographs.
Tue AutrHoR, Mr. O. G. 8S. CrawrorD, F.S.A.: “The
Andover District, an account of Sheet 283 of the One-
Inch Ordnance Map.” 1922.
Mrs. Story MASKELYNE: “ Bristol Diocesan Review” for
1922. Sale Catalogue of the Story Maskelyne Collection
of Ancient Gems.
THe AutTuor, Kev. H. G. O. KEenpDaA.t, F.S.A., “Scraper
Core Industries in North Wilts.” 1922. Reprint from
Proc. Prehist. Soc. of Hast Anglia.
Rev. C. V. Gopparp: Old document re Thomas Godda
of Sarum. 1712. :
Presented by
Additions to Museum and Library. 273
Magsor G. J. Buxron: A large parcel of old deeds connected
with Little Park, in Wootton Bassett.
THe Autuor, Mr. J. F. JAckson: Reprint of paper on
“‘ Jurassic Chronology.” 1922.
Capt. B. H. Cunntneron: “Scheme for the Administration
of the Legacy given for the benefit of the Poor of Devizes
by the Will of the late Frank Simpson, Esq.” 1923.
THe Eprror, Rev. P. H. Drrcnrietp, F.S.A.: “ Pro-
ceedings of the Congress of the British Arch. Assoc. at
Bath. 1929.”
THe AutnHor, Mr. E. H. Stone, F.S.A.: “Stonehenge ;
Concerning the Four Stations.” 1923. “The Age of
Stonehenge,” from the Antiquaries’ Journal. 1923.
An accurate Plan of Stonehenge based on Prof. Petrie’s,
brought up to date. 1922.
THe AutHor, Mr. W. Maurice Apams: “ Wolfhall
Memories,” 2 vols. of mounted cuttings from papers.
THe AutHor, Mr. Heywoop Sumner, F.S.A.: “A Map
of Ancient Sites in the New Forest, Cranborne Chase,
and Bournemouth Districts.”
Rev. H. E. Ketcutey: Six photographs of Biddestone.
THE AutHor, Mrs. Sopotas Murpocu: ‘Records of the
Speke Family of Jordans, Somerset.” 1923. 4to.
Toe Autaor, Rev. E. Ruys Jongs : “John Rose,” of Ames-
bury (excerpt from Amesbury Parish Mag., Oct., 1922).
THe Avuruor, Canon J. M. J. FLetcHEeR: “The Black
Death in Dorset.” Dorset Nat. Hist. and Field Club
Trans. 1922.
THe Curator, Mr. F. Stevens, F.S A.: ‘* Annual Report
of the Salisbury, S. Wilts, and Blackmore Museums for
1921—22,”
THe Autor, Mr. J. Scanes: “Excursion to Mere and
Maiden Bradley, April 20th—26th, Easter, 1916.” Re-
print from Proc. of Geologists’ Assoc.
Mr. A. D. PasSmMorE: Photographs of Braydon Lane Toll
Board, Longdean Stone Circle, Silbury Excavations,
Hangman’s Stone, and many others.
THe Rev. R. W. Braprorp: A large folio blank scrap book.
Tue AutHor, Mrs. KE. M. Ricnarpson: ‘The Lion and
the Rose. The Great Howard Story. Norfolk Line
957—1646 ; Suffolk Line, 1603—1917.” 1923. 2vols. 8vo.,
Mr. H.W. Dartnet.: “ Amesbury Parish Magazine,” 1922.
Wilts Illustrations, &c.
Mr. JoHn SADLER: ‘‘ The Story of my Heart, by Richard
Jefferies,’ and two other Wiltshire books.
Tue AutHor, Mr. F. M. Wits: Translations from Horace
into Wiltshire dialect, from he Oxford Magazine.
Tue AutHorR: Mr. ALFRED WixLtiAMs: “ Folk Songs of
the Upper Thames, with an Kssay on Folk Song activity
in the Upper Thames neighbourhood.” 1923.
274
O Sl OLF 0 st Ong
GEV Ora : a “" @Z6I “ISTE ‘09q ‘eourleq
9 € VG
1 FP ms puny eseqoing whesn py wWosy Jojsuvsy,
je hI e eee é eco see eco SOTIpUN, © 8 9 1 eee coe cece “-dn SUIPUIM
6 9 wee see oe nes AIQUOTYeIG uo puey UI Spun} jo sourfeq ‘qni[O plelq seztaog
Bu a i se o}4Ip sieAo;duy Oatley syoog eyvoljdnq pure sensojeye9 Jo efeg
OOM n 369 “* UWMNIUWeIg euvInsuy oll b G Gl “" xog Ul suolyeu0g pu¥ Wnesn yj 03 suoIssImpy
(CUS Nvendl Ci gee ae uIMnesnyY UO xey, puey] puv Aynq ssnoy B10 B62 a ns “* suorqditosqng
Oe se “+ ATBIQUT pue winesnyy 07 suolyIppy : ‘Sd THOR
c grt Oh * —- JOA UINESN 07 sitedery 2. OVer the “" - GZ6T “4ST “Uee ‘sourleg
PB oy SINGWASYNASIG Oe Gy
‘GNQOdA WONVNULNIVN WOHSOW
v GI Sees DV GI S&F
GEST SE Xs as “" @Z6L ‘ISTE “99C ‘ooURTe”
IT 91 L166
G@ “61 goe UOISSIWMIWIO() pues ArIeleg s Arejadoeg [elouRUT
0 Si6s* = ,
0 SL el °* ‘ow ‘s07e 4 ‘ax0D ‘seg Cine ape a 4S919}UT 99099 IvA\ pure yueg
009% °° quepueyyy Oral os oe SulyoW [enuuy jo spesso1g
—: sosuodxy wnesnyy 9 th poo ae aoe ““* yooT_ Jo seg
8 LI 18 p29 “Ol me SouIzese IY pPUe SYOOY Jo se[ed
0) Wt AO ioe Let ON y £3.06 Sa
Se OceF Tl. ae 9€1 ‘ON OL St 9 ‘"pung diysreqtoyy of] woaz rajsuery,
—: SOUIZeSBI IOy “ox “SUIAVISUY ‘SUTQULIg 9 9 LIZ Suoydiiosqng [enuUy pur see souvsquy
OLDS Vt = ao 3 “" sosuedxy SUdITHOdad
SNOOUL][IDSIPY pus ‘seseysog ‘oseILIeD ‘AIOUOTIeIG Ome aye ass oe og GZ6L “SI “UeLP ‘oouRTeg
ee ess SINAN ASUOASTIG 1D GE SG:
—
“LNOQOOOV 'IVHYANHYD
‘GE6L JVoX 9Y4 1OJ syunoovoy
‘ALAIDOS AYOLSIH TVYNLVN GNV TVOIDOTOHHOUV AYIHSLIIM
275
‘fh4n}2.49a9 1VIUWDUAT RUSE { ‘ONTMdGOH “WW MA "ez6l ‘AWW IG
‘NHMO CIAVG ‘NATAVM ‘VS 9) ‘7991109 pUNOJ pue poyIpNny
EF OPe 2: am "" - GZ6L “ISIE “90q ‘oouRled | 16 VORECT SS ue ZE61 “FST ‘UBp ‘ooURTed
DS F | 8 &
GANDA CNYHO AO NONWIS dOHSId HO FTHLSTOdd
9° 3l. LOF 9 81 LOF
8 @ 19 6261 “4SL¢ ‘oq “yueq ssulAeg UI sDULTeg Ole [fe eevee G20 qso10jUyT yueg SsulAeg
OL GIL Os 2s qUuNnOdDV [e1suey) 04 YJUA4-0UQG) Gi 1G 09> 2 sa ZEGL “ISI “UBL ‘eouRTeY
‘pS &F “p Ss =F
‘GNOd dIHSuYadNaW AIT |
L 8l WF ASL Vilar
IL 9 P[OS SOVVOTIQIOD) SSUIABS IBAA Z UO PponsIDK 4S910JUT
0 8 OOT ee creme’ Ad | ‘4ST gE -00q] ‘eouRleg io. (GOL as a "om ‘syood oqgvotdnq jo 9[e%G
EP : puny souUBUsqUIVy Wnesn yy 09 Jaysuely, 0 6179 °° sesuedxe Sse] ‘syoalqo [eorsofougyy JO a[eg
OO ip Aieiqry pue winesnfy 1oJ soseyoing Aipung 0 OL 84 oa GCG “4ST ‘URL ‘QOURTe
10 SG p> s-s
NOH ASVHOUNd WOASOWN
vO O8F vO O08F
0 ONS ai SUIOOY S,JayVjolvy Jo quay
bv O 08 a "6661 “4S1g ‘09d ‘oouvled PO Gama oo SGBL ‘ISI ‘ULL ‘souRT ed
(D Sap ‘SLINAWASH NASIG p “so > ‘SLdI GN aa
CGNO4d LNANHODEYVINGA WOaASOW
O76
—— —
1 61 &vF I 61 €0F
le Gey o. ae 6261 ‘asTEe dequisoe([ ‘e0uv[ eq
9 @ 508 eo “** BU199N9-9]9}9N
9 1 Sie a aoe sgoxoLT JO [Od
0 ¢ 900 ais sqopqdureg UO UOLSSIULULOD)
ra a eAvETAT AA ca ‘esnoyqoH ap tay 4) ales Oh OT ere
Ge Ooi ae a8 joor 04 sitedeyy 9 TT 2
0 0 @ xe i ei: DEL ENGO) Z LI Ve
ps ¥ "‘SINGNASUNASTIA ‘DS =
"ZZGI “ISTE Joquie09q] SUIPUS IvaX oY} OJ JUNODDV
‘Nuvd WALID NOAV-NO-GdOdudVdd
es “+ pros syotydueg
¢ "$007 perce A
IZ6L ‘4STZ 1equieveq ‘eouvleg
‘SLdIHOda
C. H. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
|
THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS (Continued),
STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. 6d. This still remains the best and most
reliable account of Stonehenge and its Harthworks,
WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
Canon J. EH. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates.
Price £2 1vs.
WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES I, 8vo,
pp. vil. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. I., and ED. II. 8vo,
pp. xv., 505. In parts as issued. Price 13s,
DITTO. FROM THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six
parts as issued. Price 13s.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY of tHe GREAT STONE MONUMENTS oF
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE anp AVEBURY, with other references,
by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No.89, Dec.
1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books
papers, &c., by 732 authors,
THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. Animportant work in 2 vols., 8vo,
pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many
Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
members £2.
Wanted No. 132 of the Wiltshire Arch. Magazine
The Rev. E, H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, offers 6s.
each for copies of this number of the Magazine in good
condition.
BOOKBINDING.
Books carefully Bound to pattern.
Wilts Archeological Magazine bound to match previous volumes.
We have several back numbers to make up sets.
C. H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
North Wilts Museum and
LIBRARY AT DEVIZES. —
In answer to the appeal made in 1905 annual subscriptions
varying from £2 to 5s. to the amount of about £30 a year for this ~
purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of |
the Society and the fund thus set on foot has enabled the |
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the Library and
Museum.
It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at least
£50 a year in order that the General Fund of the Society may
be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum, and
set free for the other purposes of the Society.
Subscriptions of 5s. a year, or upwards, are asked for, and i
should be sent either to Mr. D, Owen, Bank Chambers, Devizes,
or Rev. HE, H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and others |
to secure any
Objects of Antiquity,
AND
Natural History Specimens, F:
found in the County of Wilts and to forward them to the |
Hon. Curator, Mr. B. H. Cunnineron, Devizes.
Modern Pamphlets, Sale Catalogues, Articles, —
Portraits, Illustrations from recent Magazines —
or Papers bearing in any way on the County, |
and Sale Particulars of Wiltshire Properties, |
will be most gratefully received for the Library by the Rev. |
E. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, Hon. Librarian, ;
Old Wiltshire Deeds. |
The Society has in recent years received several large consign- |
ments of old deeds and papers, no longer of legal value from |
Solicitors who were clearing out the accumulation of years in their |
offices. The Committee asks all Wiltshire Solicitors in like |
circumstances to give the Society the opportunity of acquiring all |
deeds no longer needed rather than to sell them elsewhere, or
destroy them. They often contain matter of great value for the
study of Place Names, Topography, and Genealogy.
C. He WOODWARD, MACHIWE PRINTER, DEVIZES.
WILTSHIRE
Archeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE,
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY,
A-D. 1853.
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this “‘ Magazine’ are alone responsible for all
statements made therein],
DEVIZES :
PRINTED AND SOLD FOR THE Society By C. H. Woopwarp, |
EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, STATION Roap.
es 0 SE
Price ds. 6d. Members, Gratis.
No. CXXXIX. DECEMBER, 1923. Vou. XLIL.
THE
NOTICE TO MEMBERS. )
TAKE NOTICE that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols,
Vlll., Xvi, xxiv., and xxxil. The subsequent Volumes are
each indexed separately.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society or —
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. Davin Owen, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.
The Annual Subscription to the Society is 10/6, with an entrance
fee of 10/6. The Composition for Life Membership is £10 10s.
The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the —
Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subseriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
tary: the Rev. E. H, Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. ©
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A, One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo.
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the
Public, 16s.; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.
CATALOGUE or tun STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES
IN THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or ANTIQUITIES iw tHe SOCIETY’S MUSEUM,
Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price 2s,
CATALOGUE or tur SOCIETY’S LIBRARY ar tox MUSEUM.
Price 1s. APPENDIX No. L, IJ., and IIIL., 3d. each.
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, In tHE SOCIETY'S
LIBRARY at tHe MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS 1 tux SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tux MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 5s. 6d. and
38. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised). —
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices. :
WILTSHIRE
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAAINE.,
No. CXXXIX. DECEMBER, 1923. Vou, XLT
Contents. PAGE.
Norges oN WILTSHIRE CHURCHES: yy Sir ee Eee ae
KGiorwtuned).). 25.0.0... 277—306
THE SocrETY’s MSS. aro OF THE Goons. OF on
CHARLES RALEIGH, OF DOWNTON, 1698.............00cec+ e000: 307—312
WILTSHIRE NEWSPAPERS—PAST AND PRESENT (Continued)
Parr V. NEWSPAPERS or NortH Wits. “THe NorrH
Witts HERALD”: By J. J. Slade, F.J.1.
Tun Source or THE ForniGN STONES oF STONEHENGE : “By
Henbert td) Thomas: M.A., ScD. .-......:...... See ere aa
THE SEVENTIETH GENERAL MEETING OF THE WILTSHIRE
ARCHAOLOGICAL AND NaATuRAL HISTORY SOCIETY, HELD
AT MARLBOROUGH, JULY 30TH AND 31ST, AND AUGUST IST,
NOD 05050 oo CHGS OCU GOS ERIE OCC eT ee IIc ac ie tr rine ae An ee ee
List oF SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED IN ANSWER TO THE APPEAL
BY THE Hon. CURATOR FOR £100 FoR NEW CASES FOR
HIME MEVICUISINUIN (LOD Scr crown beeen aascioaedeceec cicrons coadersestevadessa
IU PEP ee oes clonina facie ocles reese csiecicsiece Cosco esos secsasdcesos
WILTS OBTTUARY.. ; Soi lea Pe
WILTSHIRE Roars, Dimas. AND , Asiana f
Books, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES BY Tomes eine
WILTSHIRE ILLUSTRATIONS MRR e seer acs occ anc adunedusewnuces
SMMNSEMIE PSIG OR TRAITS) csecdl secescacseeces, scsesibeciecoecdcsccseeee covoawecs
ADDITIONS To MusEUM AND LIBRARY.......
ILLUSTRATIONS
Plan of Stonehenge showing the ‘‘ Foreign Stones” or “ Blue
OMe sue DNC OL SINAC CO) Soi asacc ccs wcles dente. cay ecbiscveslbes ovsues
Plates I.—IV., showing Microscopic and other Sections of the
Blue Stones from Stonehenge and others from Pembrokeshire
Bronze object from site of Roman Dwelling, Avebury Truslowe
Tessellated Pavement from Roman House near Avebury
Tips me@,, TORI” oss sis RE 82 Tae niger ee rea aoe
Latten Pyx from Codford St. Peter, with eepien on the
same enlarged . sie
Masons’ Marks on the Barton Barn at Bradford-on- Avon.
Langdeane Circle, KE. Kennett
Plan of Langdean Circle, E. Kennett ssssssssrsssseeseeveeueessese
Plan and section of double pit in Battlesbury Camp, 1922 ...
Vessel from Pit in Battlesbury (CHINO, WOE cco consoanoundeongedso:
Objects of lron and Bone from Pitsin Battlesbury Camp, 1922
313—324
325 — 344
345 — 354
355
306—373
374—379
319—406
407—411
411— 419
419—424
424—426
326
341—4
360
360
363
364
365
365
368
371
372
Devizres :—C. H. Woopwarp, ExcHance Buripines, Station Roap.
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
‘‘MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS. —Ouvid.
No. CXX XIX. DECEMBER, 1925. Vou. XLII.
NOTES ON WILTSHIRE CHURCHES.
By Sir STEPHEN GLYNNE.
(Continued from p. 214.)
Chirton. S. John. [May 14th, 1859.] A Church of interest and in very
good condition. It consists of nave with north and south aisles, chancel,
western tower, and south porch. The aisles have lead roofs. ‘The nave
and chancel and porch covered with tiles. The nave has Norman arcades :
on each side three plain (——?) low semicircular arches with circular
columns having octagonal capitals. Those on the north have foliage, those
on the south plainer but varying, and all rather late in the style. The
doorway within the porch is also Norman with some ornament. The
inner member of the arch has beaded chevron continued down the jambs,
the outer has a cylindrical moulding with bead heads over it, upon shafts
with beaded abaci and horizontal bands at intervals on the shafts, ‘The
roof of the nave is open, with tie beams. The tower arch pointed, rising
at once from the wall without corbels or caps. The windows of the aisles
are Decorated, mostly square headed of two and three lights; but pointed
and of three lights at the east of the north aisle and at the west of the
south aisle. In many of them is much new stained glass. The organ is
placed in the north aisle; the whole renewed and refitted within. ‘The
chancel arch is obtuse and appears to be modern ; and there is a low stone
screen across it. The chancel is Decorated, the east window of three lights,
those north and south of two lights. On the south a priest’s door; and the
south-east window has a sedile in its prolonged sill, and in the angle a
piscina, simply a stone (——?) without fenestella(?), having a trefoil orifice.
In the north-east is the vestry. The chancel is stalled and has a lectern,
and is laid with new tiles. The tower is Perpendicular, and has battlement
and corner butresses, west window of three lights, belfry windows of two
lights, and two string courses.
There is a piscina near the east end of the south aisle with ogee canopy and
quatrefoil orifice. The font is fine Norman, the bow] circular, surrounded
by an arcade having shafts. The arches contain figures of the Apostles,
and round the top of the bow! a border of foliage, and also toward the base.
The walls have been partly rebuilt, The vestry is new.
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXXXIX. U
278 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
Nunton. (20th Feb., 1872.] A small Church restored by T. H. Wyatt,
consisting of nave and chancel, each with south aisle, and west tower engaged
in the west end of the aisle. ‘The tower seems to be mostly new, and is of
flint and stone, with parapet, but rather low. The arcade of the nave has two
Early English pointed arches on circular columns with capitals. Another
pointed arch opens to the tower, The chancel arch is Karly English, on sort
of pilasters having the early hollow square ornament. The chancel is divided
from its aisle by two very plain Early English arches with square pier having
impost. On the north of the chancel are trefoil-headed lancets. The east
window is of three lights—geometrical. The south chancel aisle has Per-
pendicular square-headed windows and a pointed arch between it and the
aisle of the nave. In the nave the windows are new, mostly Decorated.
The seats are all open.
Odstock. St. Mary. [Feb. 20th, 1872.] This Church has a lofty nave
and chancel—with western tower, mostly of flints. The chancel is Early
Inglish, has eastern triplet and single lancets north and south. The nave
also has lancets; on each side a double lancet set high, and some single.
Chancel 22ft. long, 11ft. 9in. wide. Nave 42ft. long, 23ft. wide. Thearches
to the chancel and tower are plain pointed. ‘There is a piscina on the south
side near the east end of the nave. The north and south doorways are |
similar, of two-chamfered order. There is much chequered masonry of |
flint and stone both in the tower and nave. The tower is very low, rising
little above the roof of the nave; its upper part is Perpendicular with
battlement, square-headed two-light belfry windows, and corner buttresses. |
‘On the west side isa three-light Perpendicular window. On the north of
the tower is a very large projection of irregular polygonal form containing |
‘single lancets, and not reaching to the upper part of the tower. The pulpit |
-of carved wood, temp. Elizabeth, bears date 1580.
Ogbourne St. Andrew, [June, 1845.] A small Church with portions |
‘of several styles. The plan is a short nave with narrow aisles, a chancel, |
south porch, and tower engaged with the west end of the nave. The exterior
has very much of a Third Pointed appearance of which character are the |
aisle windows, which are mostly square-headed of two or four lights. The |
clerestory has also square-headed windows. The roofs are (——?) without |
parapets, but the chancel has a slated roof. The tower stands upon three |
pointed arches opening internallyto the nave and aisles, which havemouldings
and shafts ; its character is entirely Third Pointed. Within it isa fine stone |
groined roof with elegant bosses. Externally it has an unfinished battle- |
ment, and an octagonal turret at the south-west angle. Thebelfry windows |
-of two lights, and near that on the east sidea small niche. On the westsidea |
three-light late window, and beneath it a door with hood on corbel. Inthe |
second stage on the south is a square-headed window. The piers of the |
tower are very strong. The south porch is modern. Within it is a round- |
arched doorway which, together with the arcades of the nave, is late or |”
transitional Norman. It has one moulding with the toothed ornament, the |
other with a cylinder and small shafts. Near the door is a (——?). The |
interior of the nave, though lofty, is confined and much encumbered with |
| By Sir Stephen Glynne. 279
pews, besides the encroachment of a hideous gallery against the tower arch,
which further contracts the already contracted nave. Eastward of the
tower the nave has two round arches, of a semi- Norman character, frequent
in this part of Wiltshire, and having plain soffits without moulding. The
columns are circular, having square abaci and some rude foliage in the
capitals, the bases square. The foliage varies on each side, and on the
north has something like volutes. The south-east respond has an abacus
with a beaded moulding. The roof of the nave has an embattled cornice
and is painted. There is no chancel arch, but there are stone brackets on
the wall which must have supported the screen. On the south a hagioscope
from the aisle. The chancel has been ceiled. It has on each side two plain
lancets and on the south an obtuse-headed door, now closed. ‘The east
window is Middle Pointed, of three lights. The altar is of deal, very mean
and covered with dirty green baize. On the south side of the altarisa
curious double piscina, under a recess of flattened trefoil form, and the
lower part having the scalloped ornament. A string runs above it, which
is carried down under a small oblong aumbry retaining its original wooden
door and iron bar in front.
The south-west window of the chancel is a lychnoscope and somewhat
flattened in its arch. On the south side of the chancel is a large monument
to Wm. Goddard, Esq., and Elizabeth, his wife, 1655. The whole family
represented kneeling. All the children but one carry sculls, and between
the two old people is a scull.
The font has a plain octagonal bowl on a stem of like form.
Ogbourne St. George. [June, 1845.] A larger Church than the
preceding and consisting of a chancel and nave with side aisles, a western
tower, and a south porch. The external appearance is Third Pointed, but
within there is some of the First Pointed work so common in the neighbour-
hood. The porch and south aisle have moulded parapets, but the rest of
the Church has none. The tower is Third Pointed, three stages in height,
and embattled, having large and bold gargoyles and a stair-turret on the
south, not carried up to the top, and corner buttresses. On the west side
is a three-light window, those of the belfry are of two lights. The west
door is closed. The north side of the Church is, as usual, the plainest.
The south porch has its outer doorway with continued mouldings. Over
the inner door is a rich canopied niche. On the north side the door is set
unusually far to the east. The windows of the aisles are square-headed of
three and four lights; those of the clerestory similar of two lights. The
nave has on each side an arcade of First Pointed character, having three
arches rising from circular columns with rather early capitals and varying.
Those on the south are of the best work and have fine mouldings, with head
corbels supporting the hoods. On the north the capitals have circular
mouldings, and one a square base. On the south the capitals exhibit a
kind of rude foliage, as at Collingbourne Kingston, and in the responds
scalloped. The roof of the nave has some tolerable bosses and pierced
tracery above the beams. The tower arch is open and has continuous
mouldings, as has also the chancel arch, which is less lofty. The pews, etc.,
are not better than usual. In the chancel arch is the rood screen having
wy 2
280 Notes on Wultshire Churches.
four compartments, one each side of the holy door. There is another screen
with part of the loft across the north aisle. The chancel has a pointed arch
on each side with continuous mouldings opening to the side aisles, in both
which is a screen; that on the north of very fine work painted and gilt.
On the south side of the chancel are two pointed recesses set higher in the
wall than sedilia usually are, and near them a small pointed niche (perhaps
a piscina) and a little square aperture. There is a square aperture (or
hagioscope) with trefoil feathering from the chancel to the south aisle. In
the latter is the elevated platform of the former altar, also a plain pointed
niche. In the south chapel are a few ancient benches. In the north chapel
is a bracket against the east wall, and in the eastern pier a pointed niche,
and above it a square sloping recess. In the same chapel is also a brass
with figures of a man and woman and children below—with this legend :—
“ Off y". charite pray for the soules of Thomas Goddard & Johan his wife—
which Thomas dyed the xxvii. day of August, A° MV XVII. on whose soule
I.H.S. have mercy.”
There is a high pew near the eastern part of the nave with Jacobean
woodwork. The font is octagonal, each face having quatrefoils. The east,
window and some others have been deprived of tracery.
Patney. St. Swithin. [May 14th, 1859.] A mean Church of small
dimensions, having chancel and nave with south porch and wooden belfry,
with spire set on the nave. The whole tiled and uniform. The chancel
arch is pointed and continuous. The windows are mostly of two lights
with the lights merely trefoiled ; those at the east and west ends are of
three lights. The south-east window of the chancel has the sill extended
so as to form two seats with elbows, and on the south of the chancel is a
piscina of rather elegant design, with crocketed ogee canopy flanked by
pinnacles and containing a stone shelf.
Pewsey. St. John. [14th May, 1859.] This Church is larger than its
immediate neighbours and consists of a nave with north and south aisles,
chancel, western tower, and north porch. ‘There are portions of various |
styles. The chancel, which is the earliest portion, as regards the outer walls |
is of mixed flint and stone masonry. The walls of the aisles are also chiefly
flint, but the tower, which is Perpendicular, is of fine stone. The arcades |
of the nave seem to be Early English, plain, with hoods, the piers square, |
chamfered at the angles, with impost mouldings. The aisles are narrow,
and the north aisle goes further westward than the other. The clerestory
has Perpendicular square-headed windows of two lights. The nave hasa |
flat plaster ceiling. Most of the windows in the aisles are Perpendicular, |
of two lights and square-headed. Only those of the clerestory labelled |
externally. There is a fine open tower arch to the nave, and the tower has |
a fine stone roof open to the interior, with fan groining. Its west window |
of five lights is also well seen through theaisle. The organ is placed within |
the tower. The chancel arch is pointed, upon clustered shafts. On each |
side of the chancel are three windows, the two eastward of which are single |
lancets, splayed, and having good mouldings to the (——%) arch continued |
down the jambs. The westernmost window has similar mouldings, but is |
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 281
carried down lower and is of two lights, Early Decorated. On the south
is a priest’s door, having internally a segmental label. On the south is
also a piscina having a trefoil arch and octagonal base, also an obtuse arched
recess, which looks almost too narrow for a sedile. ‘The east window
Decorated of three lights. The font has a new circular bowl on a circular
stem surrounded by four small shafts. The evergreen decorations at
Whitsuntide were very pretty. The porch renewed in 1804. ‘The roofs of
lead, without parapets. ‘The tower is good Perpendicular and of fine
masonry embatled having’ an embattled octagonal turret to the south-east
and crocketed pinnacles. The tower is not square and larger from north
to south than from east to west. There are some curious gargoyles. The
west window, large and tine, has a returned hood, above it a two-light sq uare-
labeled window, below it a doorway with flattish arch.
Poole Keynes. S. Michael. [June 24th, 1870.] A small Church
which is so entirely modernised as to make it doubtful if any part is original.
It has nave and chancel and a poor small western tower, unusually small,
which perhaps is ancient, but of rather debased character. It has no
buttresses, but an embattled parapet, and singlejbelfry windows with trefoil
head, much covered with ivy. The (windows?) are poor quasi-modern
Gothic in the nave and chancel. The chancel arch a very plain pointed
one with continuous mouldings.
Potterne. This isa handsome cruciform?Church, and a very complete
and well preserved specimen of Early English, being quite unmixed, with
the exception of the tower, which rises from the centre and is of later
work. A more complete Karly English specimen on the same scale can
scarce be found in the country. ‘There are no side aisles, but the transepts
are large, and the whole very uniform. The nave has four single lancets
on each side, the transepts have at the ends two long lancets, on the west
side three, on the east two, all without mouldings or shafts. Externally
they have dripstones, continued in string courses. The chancel has five
lancets at the east end, three of which are pierced for windows, and on the
north and south enriched internally with fine mouldings and marble shafts.
At the sides are three lancets as those of the nave. The west end has
three lancets walled up. All the windows except the eastern are plain both
within and without, (not?) with mouldings and shafts as at Bishops
Cannings. The interior is handsome and very nicely fitted up with new
Gothic seats, pulpit, etc., and a good organ in the west gallery. The tower
rises upon four large pointed arches in the centre with mouldings con-
tinued all down and no shafts. ‘The tower has a rich paneled battlement,
partly pierced, and eight crocketed pinnacles which appear to be Rectilinear,
The belfry windows on each side are double, very long and handsome, each
of four lights with transoms and tracery of a transition character from
Decorated to Rectilinear: They are partially filled with stone lattice work,
pierced with quatrefoils, a common feature in the west. Between the win-
dows are sets of clustered shafts. At the S.E. angle is an octagonal turret
with two tiers of paneling, the lowest pierced, and crowned by a plain large
pinnacle without crockets. The font is an octagonal basin set upon a
282 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
pedestal of angular form surrounded by four shafts and some pieces of
foliage round the lower part of the basin.
The doorways have within the strings carried over them in form of a
flat arch. The doorways are plain, the N. and S. porches have crosses on
the gables. The roofs are all tiled. The Church has 750 sittings.
Preshute. 8S. George. A curious Church. The plan, west tower,
nave, south aisle, and chancel. Some portions early, others of later date..
The tower is of very good stone and of Perpendicular character, but not.
lofty, three stages in height, the parapet embattled, corner buttresses, a
turret half way up the south side, the belfry windows of three lights with
stone lattice work. The west doorway has a label, and foliage in the span-
drel. On each side of the west window isa shield, that on the north bearing
a rose with cypher; on the south a cross flory, lamb and flag. The south
doorway is Norman, the arch on shafts with foliated capitals, verging to
Early English character. The roof is leaded. Some windows are Perpen- :
dicular, that at the east of the south aisle square-headed, labeled, and of
two lights. ‘The nave is divided from the aisles by four Early English
arches, pointed in form and springing from circular columns with scalloped
capitals, early in the style. ‘The tower arch, which is not in the centre, is |
also Early English. The roof has tie beams springing from brackets on
small shafts, and the cornice.has tracery. The chancel arch is very rude |
and Karly Norman, springing from impost mouldings. On the north side ©
of it is a hagioscope within a moulded arch, and on the south side of it was.
another now nearly obliterated by the formation of a pew. On the north ©
side of the nave near the chancel arch is a projection for the rood stairs. —
The chancel has on each side some trefoil lancet windows, having hood-
mouldings externally. The east window is Decorated, of three lights, with
clustered shafts on the mullions, but the upper part is closed. In the
south-west angle of the chancel is a projection in the wall which seems to. |
be caused by the formation of the hagioscope. Against the south wall of |
the chancel is a finely-sculptured female head. Over the chancel arch are |
the Royal Arms and Decalogue with date 1605. There is a brass to John |
Bailey and Mary his wife, 1518, with seven sons and three daughters. The |
font is a curious Norman one of marble, of circular cup form and very large,
having round it deep courses of moulding. It stands on a vast cylindrical |
column. The Church is clumsily pewed, and has a west gallery with a |
seraphim.
Purton. St. Mary. This fine Church in the form of a cross is par- |
ticularly remarkable for having two steeples, one a good Perpendicular |
tower at the west end, the other a plainer tower, crowned by a stone spire, |
rising from the centre. The nave has side aisles, the north transept is |
large and projects further than the southern. ‘The chancel has chapels |
north and south and there is a porch south of the nave. ‘The exterior is |
generally elegant and well finished. ‘The western tower has an open paneled |
quatrefoiled parapet and four crocketed pinnacles; on the north side an | ~
octagonal turret. ‘The west window is of three lights, and set between two |
beautiful canopied niches, with groining and fine tabernacle work. ‘There |
|
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 283,
is a similar niche in the story above. The belfry window, of three lights,
has the stone lattice work, but rather less rich than what is found in
Somersetshire. The parapets of the Church are generally plain. In the
gable of the south transept is a rich Decorated trefoil niche with crocketed
triangular canopy, springing from shafts with foliated capitals, and curiously
set upon a projecting bracket of foliage. The south porch has a (? parvise)
and a stone roof, with an arch across it. ‘The central tower is plain Per-
pendicular with a battlement and belfry window of two lights, The spire
is strong and ribbed. The east end of the south chapel of the chancel has
a cross and a niche above its fine Decorated window. The interior of the
nave is unluckily much encumbered with pews and galleries. The north
aisle is narrower than the southern, and there is no clerestory. The nave
is divided from each aisle by three wide pointed arches springing from lofty
circular columns, the capitals of which on the north are alternately foliated
and octagonal; on the south circular and moulded. ‘The eastern respond
on the south side has an early kind of cushion capital. The roof is coved.
The west window of the north aisle is Decorated, of three lights, but the
other windows of the side aisles and transepts are Perpendicular. Those
in the side aisles are very large and fine and early in the style and contain
some fine stained glass. ‘The two end windows of the transepts are of four
lights and contain some stained glass of uncommon beauty and richness,
that on the north has inscriptions and figures of saints. The central tower
rises upon plain pointed arches with continuous mouldings and beneath it
is a fine stone-groined ceiling. ‘The east wall of the north transept has four
pedestals for images. The transept opens to the aisles by plain low arches,
On the west side of the north transept is a narrow two-light Perpendicular
window. In the chancel arch is a small wood screen. ‘The chancel has on
the south side a large chapel opening to it by a wide pointed arch. This.
chapel has a fine Decorated east window of three lights, and on the southa
Perpendicular one, with much stained glass. In the south wall of this
chapel is a trefoiled niche with drain and shelf. There is over the door of
this chapel a painting on the wall representing a female saint lying dead..
The chancel has a coved roof and is wholly Perpendicular. The east window
is of three lights, the others of two lights. There is on the south side of
the altar a fiat arched stall or sedile, equal in width to three. ‘There is.
also a trefoil niche with two shelves and a quatrefoil orifice to the drain.
On the north side of the chancel is an arched recess of Tudor form, with
quatrefoil paneling in the spandrels, and groining on the under side. This
looks as if it had been an aumbry, but there are no traces of bolts. There
is a vestry on the north, opening by a door with wood tracery. There are
some portions of old wood seats and desks in the chancel.
Rodbourne Cheney. St. Mary. This isa curious Church, consisting
of a nave and chancel with the tower between them, and a chapel singularly
placed and extending along the south side of the tower and part of the
chancel, but hardly reaching in breadth beyond the wall of the nave. The
whole is of picturesque grey stone, the chancel covered with the stone flags,
and the south chapel presenting, externally, gables. ‘The nave has a plain
parapet. The south porch is entered from without by an Early English
284 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
doorway with rather depressed arch, but springing from shafts with nail
heads in the capital. The dripstone is returned. The openings of the porch
are trefoil lancets. ‘The west door of the nave has a label and paneled
spandrels. The tower has no buttress and rather tapers in the upper
part. Its character is very plain, the belfry window square-headed and
very plain, with some open stone lattice work, not rich. The parapet is
embattled. The character of the tower is late but rude Perpendicular, of
which style is also the general external appearance. All the windows of
the nave are of this style, some square-headed. The western one of four
lights with depressed arch. In one of the northern windows is some stained
glass with a figure of St. Michael. In the nave are some stone corbels
which once supported the beams of the roof; a few of these are charged
with armorial bearings. The tower has a rude low pointed arch opening to
the nave and to the chancel. The interior of the nave is much disfigured
with hideous pews and galleries. The chancel has an Early English window
of three lancets within a pointed arch. ‘The windows north and south of
the chancel are Perpendicular. On the south of the altar is a trefoiled
niche with double piscina. ‘The aisle or chapel on the south side is a later
addition and very narrow, beginning in a line with the west wall of the
tower, but not extending quite to the east end of the chancel. To the nave
it opens bya verynarrow lancet arch in the wall upon plain impost mouldings.
It has no opening in the solid masonry of the south wall of the tower, but
eastward of the tower the chancel opens to the chapel by one moulded arch
upon imposts. The roof of this chapel is high pitched and open, but two sides |
are unequal. The framework is set upon large grotesque heads on the side |
next the chancel, and it is rather plain without tracery or foliation. The |
windows of this aisle are good Perpendicular of three lights—the[E.?] _
‘pointed, the others square-headed. One has some pieces of very rich stained _
glass in which appear three angels at the back of a table or altar decked with
precious stones and surmounted by a Tudor flower cornice. At the east end |
is a small rude trefoil niche with a piscina having a quatrefoil orifice. |
Evidently an altar was placed there. This chapel is damp, dirty, and disused.
The roof of the east end of the chancel is boarded. The altar on three steps, |
but unworthy. The font is Norman with shallow circular mouldings, on
a cylindrical shaft with square base, at the angles of which are the wedges,
not uncommon in early fonts.
In the chancel is this inscription :—
Reader stand still
And this stone will tell thee
That it covers the dust of
A chaste virgin
A virtuous wife
A devout matron
A widow indeed.
Sybell
By Sur Stephen Glynne. 285
Who desiring to be deceased
And to be with Christ
Went hence
May 21, 1649.
Reader—Be wise and consider thy latter end. Farewell.
Rushall. St. Matthew. [14th May, 1859.] This Church is not interest-
ing. The body was rebuilt in brick, in poor Gothic, in 1812. The chancel
arch, however, appears to be original pointed, springing from the wall, and
one original Decorated window of two lights has been inserted on the north.
The tower is late Perpendicular, of good stone masonry, embattled with
battlement and four octagonal pinnacles unfinished. ‘There is a string and
gargoyles, corner buttresses, a mutilated W. window, and square-headed
belfry windows of two lights. No west doorway. The font has an
octagonal bowl, moulded with semicircular arches, apparently Norman.
The stem octagonal. The Church has a gallery and organ; nave pewed,
chancel stalled.
Salisbury Cathedral. [1824.] Sept. 26th we left London at 7 o’clock
by the mail and proceeded to Salisbury where we arrived at about 6 o’clock
the following morning. The Cathedral is most beautifully placed in a
close planted with fine and handsome trees, and completely separated from
the town by a lofty wall, with gateways. ‘The Cathedral is highly interest-
ing and curious from being entirely, excepting the upper part of the tower
and the spire, in one style of architecture, as it was begun in 1220 and
completed in 1262. Its style is very elegant and pure Early English. The
plan of the Cathedral is very regular, consisting of a nave and choir each
with side aisles, a large transept about the centre, and a smaller onenearer
to the east end, and a Lady Chapel eastward of the choir. The west front
is of very singular and grand design. It seems to be one of the latest parts
of the building and is highly enriched. The nave which forms the centre
portion has a high peaked gable. ‘he aisles have flat embattled parapets
with turrets at the extremities crowned with large and plain pyramidical
pinnacles. The doorways both of the nave and the side aisles are triple,
having shallow porches,and the arches crowned with plain triangularcanopies.
The west window of the nave is a triple one of three lancet lights ; those of
_ the aisles consist of two lights with a quatrefoil between their heads,which
are trefoiled. The whole of this west front is adorned with several ranges
of niches of elegant workmanship; the buttresses also are finely enriched
with niches, in some of the niches are statues. The north porch is a very
fine Early English specimen ; it is equal in height to the aisle and its
interior walls are richly wrought with very fine niche work, The interior
of the Cathedral is particularly elegant from its extreme lightness which
perhaps exceeds that of any other Cathedral. This arises from the
numerous windows, and from the piers being slender and graceful, and the
arches lofty and narrow. The arches which divide the nave from the aisles
are on either side ten in number. ‘They are lofty and narrow and spring
from very elegant piers formed of four main shafts with four small and
slender ones set in the hollows between them. ‘The capitals are
286 Notes on Wiltshire Charches.
plainly moulded. The architraves of the arches throughout the whole
Church are enriched with the toothed ornament. The triforium in the nave
is formed by a wide arch with deep architrave mouldings supported upon
beautiful clusters of shafts with rounded capitals; this wide arch is
divided into two by a central pier formed of clustered shafts and between
the heads of the two arches there is a pierced trefoil or quatrefoil. These
two arches are again subdivided into other two and ornamented exactly as
the large arch. The clerestory windows are of three lancet lights supported
on shafts. All the windows throughout the building are enriched with
shafts having plain rounded capitals. In the side aisles of the nave they
are mostly arranged in pairs; in other parts there are some combinations of
three, five, and seven, but throughout the Church is no window which can
be called any other than Early English. The west window is now filled
with painted glass of the most rich and splendid colouring which has an
amazingly fine effect. The roof of the nave and aisles is simply but.
elegantly groined with stone. ‘The great arches supporting the tower are
bold and fine ; those opening to the transepts have been strengthened by
two handsome arches built from pier to pier. They have enriched paneled
spandrels, and above them a good paneled and embattled parapet. They
were erected in Henry ‘7th’s time. Both the western transepts have an
eastern aisle, divided by pointed arches, with some piers as those of the
nave, others circular with recesses for shafts. The triforium on the east
side is exactly the same as that of the nave. On the west side, and at the
north and south ends, it is more simple, being only a series of arches
divided by a central pier into two with a pierced quatrefoil between the
heads. ‘his triforium is pierced and formed into an additional tier of
windows which adds considerably to the lightness of the building. At the
north and south ends are handsome windows of four lancet lights, with a
quatrefoil between the two central lights. The tower has a very fine Per-
pendicular groined roof opening to the Church internally. The choir has
been much altered and refitted by Wyatt, of whose design are the organ screen
altar screen, stalls, Bishop’s throne, and organ case. ‘The organ screen is of
stone and certainly a good Perpendicular imitation. ‘The organ was built
by Green, and presented to the Cathedral by George 3rd as an inhabitant.
of the diocese. ‘he case is not elegant, but the instrument is a very good
one. The stall work in the choir is not very good, but the Bishop’s throne
is a very good handsome work. ‘The alteration in the choir, viz., extending
it to the east end of the building, so as to take in the Lady Chapel, is un-
doubtedly a very great improvement, as the view into the Lady Chapel is |
very fine from the beautiful combinations of the arches and lightness of the |
piers in that chapel. The choir arches, piers, &c., are much the sameas |
those of the: nave. ‘he ribs of the groining spring, as in the nave, from |
clustered shafts placed between the arches of the triforium. At the east |
end of the late choir, above the arches opening to the Lady Chapel, is a
handsome five-light window now filled with modern painted glass, as are
the eastern windows of the Lady Chapel. The Lady Chapel is in height |
only equal to the aisles of the choir, and in breadth only to the middle |
aisle, but it is divided into three aisles by two rows of very slender and |
elegant pillars supporting pointed arches with architraves enriched with
|
|
\
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 287
the toothed ornament. ‘The piers are various forms, some being composed
of four very slender shafts clustered, and others being merely very light and
slender cylinders. The roof is groined, and springs from the pillars. The
windows at the east end are very numerous, and beneath them some good
modern niche work is worked, designed by Wyatt, and nearly resembling
that at the east end of Lichfield Cathedral. The altar screen is modern
Perpendicular but not altogether good. The eastern transept for the most
part is of the same character as the western, but the north end of it has on
its west side a range of fine trefoiled niches with shafts having enriched
foliated capitals. These niches have vestiges of much painting and gilding,
and the shafts are finely interlaced with foliage. On the east side is a good
Perpendicular lavatory. Above the arches which divide the choir from the
eastern transepts is a fine inverted arch which has a good effect. In the
southern part of the eastern transept is some good painted glass in
one of the windows. There are tombs and monuments in this Cathedral in
great numbers and of very great excellence, On the north side of the
choir, near where the altar formerly stood, is the highly enriched Perpen-
dicular monumental chapel of Bishop Audley. Its ornaments are of the
most delicate and elaborate description, and it is richly gilt and coloured.
Near it is a very good Decorated tomb, with very elegant enrichment, of
Bishop Bingham. In the north-east transept is the altar tomb of the
founder, Bishop Poore. The figure is in pretty good condition, and is
represented under a plain trefoiled canopy supported by shafts with foliated
capitals. In the same part isa good brass to Bishop Wyvil, A.D. 1375.
In the 8.E. transept is a tomb with exceedingly fine Decorated canopy and
other enrichments to Bishop Bridport who died 1262. The tomb was
obviously not erected till long after his death, as it is a specimen of the
Decorated style in great perfection. The foliage is remarkably fine. In
the nave placed between the piers are several good altar tombs, among
which are an altar tomb to Longspee, Earl of Salisbury, son of Henry 2nd
and Rosamund Clifford, who died in 1226. This tomb is partly of wood
and is adorned with the range of trefoiled arches and shafts: the effigy is
in good preservation, it has chain armour, and a shield charged with six
lions—3, 2, 1 (?) of Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. A small altar tomb with
the recumbent effigy of a child in pontifical robes, with mitre and crosier,
under a canopy exactly the same as Bishop Poore. ‘This is said to be the
Chorister Bishop. Besides these are various other interesting tombs. Inthe
north transept is a fine marble monument by Flaxman to the late Earl of
Malmesbury, and in the south transept an admirably executed modern
monument in the Perpendicular style which is here most beautifully copied,
to some of the Poore family, descendants of the Bishop. ‘This was designed
by Archdeacon Owen, of Salop. There are also two other very fine modern
monuments in Perpendicular style and very well executed, one in the north
transept, the other in the south. They were executed by a stonemason in
the town. ‘The cloisters of the Cathedral are on the south side. They are
quite perfect, forming a quadrangle, and are of very beautiful work, either
late Early English or early Decorated. ‘The windows are of four lights,
with circles quatrefoiled, and are adorned with shafts, some with foliated
capitals. The roof is groined with plain ribs and fine foliated bosses. The
288 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
Chapter House is entered from the eastern cloister. It is avery beautiful
octagon, remarkable for its extreme lightness, which arises from the great
size and number of the windows. Its style may be called of the earliest
Decorated, but there are several Early English ornaments (about ?)it. The
groinings of the roof are executed in plaister, which is painted with repre-
sentations of scripture subjects. The groinings of the roof spring from a
most elegant and light central column. It is circular and surrounded by
slender disengaged shafts filleted, and with foliated capitals. The groining
also comes down between the windows in very elegant clusters of shafts.
The windows are large and much resemble those of the cloisters. Beneath
the windows is a range of cinquefoiled niches with shafts having fine
foliated capitals. Above them are curious carved figures. The doorway is
a fine One, consisting of a double arch richly feathered within a larger arch,
with good architrave mouldings and clustered shafts with foliated capitals.
The dripstone of the arch is ornamented with various carved figures. The
great central tower of the Cathedral is of the richest Decorated work and
enriched with niches, crockets, pinnacles, etc. The spire is of the same
period, and ornamented with the ball flower for crockets.
The Bishop’s palace is a large old irregular building adjoining the east
cloister, and having a fine garden. The close of the Cathedral contains
various fine old houses overgrown with ivy, vines, etc., and has a very
elegant and neat appearance. ‘lhe town is very neat, having water courses
running through the streets, and a fine open market place.
Salisbury. St. Thomas’s. This is a spacious and very handsome
building entirely of Perpendicular work and consisting of a naveand chancel
each with side aisles, and a square tower on the south side of the south
aisle, The tower has a projecting embattled parapet, and belfry windows
richly ornamented with pierced quatrefoils in stone, which has a very good
effect. On the south side of the tower are two niches, one of which
contains an image of the Virgin and Child, the other of St. Thomas 4 Becket,
the patron saint of the Church. The nave hasa very light appearance from |
the elegance of the piers and the great number of windows, which are mostly |
of late date with rather flat arches. The arches dividing the nave from the —
aisles are supported upon elegant piers with four shafts set at equal distances,
and having foliated capitals. The clerestory windows are large and have
paneling around them. ‘The ceilings of the nave and aisles are remarkably |
beautiful, being of timber paneled and with richly wrought beams. The |
chancel is divided from the north and south aisles by Tudor arches,springing |
from the same piers as those of the nave. Above are small square-headed
clerestory windows. The chancel roof is not quite so rich as that of the |
nave, but is very good—the beams are supported upon corbels representing
figures. On the beams of the roof in the south aisle of the chancel is the |
following black-letter inscription: (it is repeated upon all the beams of
that aisle) :—
“Orate pro aiabs William Swayne et Christine uxis eius.” :
In some of the windows on this side are fragments of good painted glass. |
In the roof are several shields with various armorial bearings. This Church |
is very neatly fitted up and contains a large organ at the west end. In the
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 289
north aisle of the chancel is a Perpendicular altar tomb, now defaced and
sadly injured by a modern monumental inscription, which is cut upon it.
Built into the south wall of the chancel is a small crucifix with an Early
English canopy.
Salisbury. St. Martin’s. Stands almost out of the town near the
road to Romsey. Its churchyard adjoins the fields and is beautifully
planted with fine trees on either side the walks. It consists of a nave with
north and south aisles, a chancel, and a tower with a spire at the west end
of the south aisle. The tower does not stand straight with the wall of the
Church. It is of Early English character, and somewhat low and without
any battlement. The belfry window is Decorated and the spire has plain
ribs. At the west end of the nave is a small low Perpendicular addition,
forming a vestry and the west entrance to the Church. The nave appears
to be of early Perpendicular work, the windows are in many cases almost
Decorated, having circles containing quatrefoils. The arches dividing the
nave from the side aisles are pointed, with octagonal piers, round which
arefourshafts. Thereisnoclerestory. The roof is paneled and ornamented
with several Perpendicular ornaments. ‘The chancel is Early English, with
a Perpendicular east window. The other windowsare lancet, with dripstones
within having bunches of foliage at the extremities. The chancel has a
string course within. The font is octagonal, upon an octagonal basement,
and at each angle is a plain round shaft. The pulpit is well carved in
Perpendicular style. The Church is of great breadth and is very neat and
regularly pewed, and at the west end of the nave is an organ erected by
subscription in 1824.
_ Salisbury. St. Edmund’s. Is situated near the road leading to
Marlborough. It is a good structure, standing in a very large churchyard,
with the walks having rows of fine trees on each side of them. The Church
consists of a nave, side aisles, chancel, and tower at the west end. The
tower was built in 1653 in place of a former one which fell down in that
_year. It is a fine tower, which one would not have expected could have
been erected in sucha bad period. The style is Perpendicular, it has four
Beeocketed pinnacles, a belfry window enriched with the pierced quatrefoils
as in St. Thomas’s, and a good doorw ay with fine paneling in the spandrels,
Te arches and piers resemble those in St. Martin’s Church nave, and the
_ windows are all good Perpendicular. There is no clerestory. In the south
{ aisle is the vestige of a very fine large brass, now gone. The chancel is
modernised. The Church is very elegantly fitted up, and at the west end
| there is a gallery and an organ. On the north side is a vestry, partly of
_ Perpendicular date.
i In the centre of the town, near St. Thomas’s Church, is a cross of
| Perpendicular date, but not very elegant.
Seend. This Church is altogether of Perpendicular work, and consists
| of a nave with side aisles, a modern chancel, with a small embattled tower
at the west end, crowned by four pinnacles at the angles. The whole of
| the body is embattled, and the clerestory enriched with crocketed pinnacles.
|
i
290 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
On the east gable of the clerestory is a small bell niche, surmounted by a
cross. There are pinnacles to the north aisle as well as the clerestory.
The windows on the south side are square-headed. Those of the clerestory
and of the north aisle are of three lights, except one of four lights in the
north aisle, which has a fine canopy and a kind of scroll ornament in the
arch mouldings. The dripstones are upon corbel figures of angels. The
arch mouldings of all the windows are very good, but the tracery is less
excellent in its character. The interior is very light and elegant. The nave
has on each side four pointed arches upon light piers of diamond shape,
with slender shafts attached. There is some good flat paneled ceiling of
wood in the north aisle, and an enriched cornice. At the west end an organ.
The Church stands on an eminence and commands a lovely prospect over a
richly wooded district.
Semley. St. Leonard. [Feb. 8th, 1862.] This Church has a nave and
chancel, each with south aisle, western tower, and north and south porches,
The whole Perpendicular without any striking features. ‘The south aisle
is embattled and of good stone masonry. The nave is divided from the
aisle by three large pointed arches, and a fourth next the east of very much
smaller dimensions—the piers of the usual western kind. The chancel
arch is plain and pointed. That to the tower on octagonal shafts. The
chancel opens to the south aisle by a lower pointed arch, which seems to
have been connected with a tomb and has groining. The windows are
mostly square-headed, of three lights, except those at the ends of the
chancel and aisle—that west and east of the aisle of four lights. ‘There are
some new open seats with poppy heads and an organ at the east of the aisle.
The south porch is made into a vestry. The north doorway is pointed, ©
with continuous arch mouldings, and in the porch is an effigy of which the |
head is destroyed, under a three-foiled canopy on shafts of the 13th century.
The font is octagonal and modern. The tower is poor, embattled, with a |}
square turret in the south not rising to the top. The work is debased, |
there are two strings and small openings so as to shew much blank wall. |
The belfry windows square-headed, of two lights without arch or foil. A |
plain west door and over it a two-light window. Other openings were |
slits and four paltry pinnacles at the angles. |
Somerford Keynes. All Saints. [Jan. 24th, 1870.] A small Church |
much mantled in ivy, and rather oddly arranged, having a nave with north jj
transept and a short aisle attached to the west side of the latter, but not |
extending along the whole of the nave, a chancel, west tower, and south |
porch. The chancel arch is plain Early English, pointed with plain soffit. |
The chancel has two single lancets on the north ; on the south is a priest’s |
door with obtuse arch and two windows, that next the west of two cinque- |
foiled lights and Perpendicular. The south-east window of two trefoiled )j,
lights. The east window is of three lights with rather curious tracery of a |),
Flamboyant character. On the north of the nave is a curious semicircular |
arch, somewhat narrow and misshapen, but taller than doorways usually |)
are in small Churches. It has a wreathed moulding in the arch which is :
somewhat of horseshoe shape and the imposts swell outwards. ‘The win- |
dows of the nave on the north are Decorated of two lights. On the west)
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 291
side of the nave, both on the north and south, is a debased two-light win-
dow. In the transept is a Decorated window and a square recess in the
east wall.
The nave has two arches on the north, one opening to the transept and
one to the aisle, of Early English character, with plain soffits, on circular
pillar and responds with octagonal capitals, having foliage. The porch
doorway has two continuous arches. The doorway within it has a depressed
arch, with hood on rude heads. The tower is Perpendicular, has corner
buttresses, battlement, and four pinnacles on the west, a three-light win-
dow, and a plain labeled doorway.
Great or Broad Somerford. SS. Peterand Paul. [15th Oct., 1864.]
The Church has nave with north aisle, chancel, west tower, south porch,
The external features are, perhaps, wholly Perpendicular, but at the west
end of the aisle is a single trefoil-headed lancet. Other windows of the
aisle are square-headed, with two cinquefoiled lights. At the east end the
window is pointed, of three lights. On the south side of the nave isa
square-headed window of four lights simply cinquefoiled, and a small
narrow window set high up in a projection, as if to light the rood loft. The
said projection is a polygon for a staircase and has.a flagged pedimental
roof. The nave has an arcade dividing theaisle. ‘The chancel is of superior
workmanship and a very good Perpendicular specimen. ‘There is a base
moulding under the windows. ‘The east window a good one of four lights,
subarcuated, the lateral windows of three (lights), having the lower part
unfortunately walled up. The east window has a good hood moulding on
corbels. On the south is a small priest’s door. The south porch has a good
outer doorway of Perpendicular character. The tower has a plain battle-
ment and four crocketed pinnacles, belfry window of two lights, on the
south a half octagonal stair turret, ending in a square and lighted by slits,
and on the west a three-light window aud small doorway. ‘The tower
wholly Perpendicular. :
|
i
.
Little Somerford. All Saints. [Oct. 15th, 1864.] This is a long
narrow Church without aisles or distinction of chancel, with west tower and
south porch. The chancel is divided off by a screen, boarded over above.
Most of the windows are of doubtful character, either plain square-headed
without arched lights, or pointed of two lights unfoliated. The east window
is a modern one, of Decorated character and three lights, filled with new
stained glass. Some others also have new stained glass. The outer walls
' are stuccoed. There is some Jacobean woodwork about the reading pew.
| The screen is debased Gothic. The font plain and octagonal. A north door,
closed, has a hood moulded. The south porch is plain and has a Tudor
_doorway. The tower small and poor, of Perpendicular character, embattled,
' with corner buttresses and square-headed belfry windows. On the west
’ side a small three-light window and door. The tower is covered with ivy.
~The pointed windows have fair mouldings which seem to be original.
——
| | Sopworth. 8. Mary. [Oct. 15th, 1864.] A small Church, comprising
“nave with north transept, chancel, west tower, and south porch. ‘The
| transept has single lancet windows, is now occupied as a private chapel or
i
if
292 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
pew, and is divided from the nave by a narrow pointed arch of plain strong
character. ‘he windows on the south of the nave are debased.
The chancel arch is low and pointed with rather straight sides. The
chancel has Early English work. On the south one window of two trefoil-
headed lights, the other a single light, trefoil-headed. The rear arches have
a kind of balls at the points. On the south is a plain piscina with pointed
arch. The east window of two lights, small and narrow and doubtful be-
tween Decorated and Perpendicular. On the north of the chancel is a
closed lancet and door having a flattened trefoil head. The font is Karly
English, the bowl circular paneled with trefoil arches. The tower arch is
pointed and continuous. The tower is small and of good masonry, Perpen-
dicular in character, with battlement and four pinnacles, square-headed
belfry windows, with the stone lattice work of the district, and no buttresses.
On the west side a three-light window, and there is onestring course. The
base mouldings good, and on the north a projecting staircase, lighted by
slits. ‘The body is of inferior masonry and whitened externally. There is
a gallery with anorgan. The porch has a flagged roof and a cross on the
gable, stone seats, and double obtuse-headed windows. In the corner a
stoupe.
Steeple Ashton. St. Mary. [May 13th, 1859.] A fine Church of the
ordinary arrangement, but spacious and lofty, and unusually rich in its
architectural character, both within aud without. Itis wholly Perpendicular
of the finest stone masonry. The plan comprises nave and aisles, with
clerestory, chancel with north and south aisles, a lofty west tower, north |
and south porches. The Tower is partly engaged in the aisles. Theexterior |
is very imposing. The clerestory is lofty, each portion has a fine battle-
ment, and the buttresses throughout are crowned by paneled and crocketed
pinnacles, which have small battlements. The south porch is large and
has a parvise, also corner buttresses with pinnacles, it has a good plain
parapet and within a fine stone groined roof, the centre boss having the
figure of a saint. The outer doorway of the porch has a Tudor-shaped |
arch, as also is the inner doorway, which has paneled spandrels. The north |
porch is small, but is much of the same character as the southern, having |
pinnacled buttresses. In the chancel there are crocketed pinnacles flanking
the east end. The aisles are carried past the tower, nearly to the west end.
The interior is light and beautiful. The nave is of four bays beyond the
tower and is remarkable for having the roof groined in wood, of intricate
character, the springers of stone ribs, set on clustered shafts. The arcades
are lofty, with clustered piers having three shafts on each face and one at
each end. The clerestory windows of four lights, with transoms, subarcuated.
Over the chancel arch is a blank window of five lights, with transom.
Several fragments of stained glass appear in the windows. The windows
are generally of four lights and subarcuated, rather uniform in character.
That at the east end of five lights, and at the west of the aisles the windows
are of three lights, being encroached on by the tower buttresses. The tower
arch is paneled on shafts with octagon caps. There are also acute narrow
paneled arches from the tower to each aisle.
The chancel walls have been lately in great measure rebuilt. The chancel
— By Stir Stephen Glynne. 293
is remarkable for its fine stone groined roof, with intricate ribs and bosses
upon clustered shafts which stand on the capitals of the main piers. The
aisles are also groined, the ribs stopped by niches which have canopies, and
stand on angel figures bearing shields. The bosses are finely sculptured
and there are niches in the eastern angles. ‘The chancel has two arches on
each side to the aisles—and extends one bay eastward of the aisles. The
arches are good and the piers stilted and clustered asin the nave. The
sacrarium seems to have been lately restored, has a stone credence on the
north, illuminated Decalogue, and candlesticks on the altar. There are
new oak stalls in the chancel.
Between each window internally are canopied niches. In the north aisle
of the nave an inscription recording the building of the Church in 1480.
There is a barrel organ in a west gallery. The font modern. The tower is
lofty and fine, but once was surmounted by a lofty spire, which was
destroyed by a storm in 1670, when the upper part of the tower was much
shattered and partially rebuilt. The tower is embattled, of three stages,
with four crocketed pinnacles and an octagonal turret at the north-east.
The belfry windows of three lights, and latticed, and three-light windows
also in the stage just below, all with transoms. The west window of four
lights, with transom and shafts. The west doorway labeled. Over the west
window a canopied niche. The whole of the masonry is excellent of the
finest stone, and few village Churches are grander than this in their general
effect, both within and without.
Stourton. This Church is built of very good stone, and is principally
Rectilinear, consisting of a nave, with north aisle and clerestory, a south
transept, and a chancel with north aisle, and at the west end a plain square
embattled tower, with square belfry windows, containing five bells. The
aisle and clerestory have very elegant pierced parapets, that of the clerestory
has quatrefoils, the other rather plainer. The windows are mostly of four
lights, those of the clerestory are of three lights, and are continued along
the south side, though there is no aisle on that side. There is also a plain
north porch. The nave is divided from the aisle by three low pointed
arches with circular pillars, part of a fourth arch abutting against the west
wall.
The interior is light and in good condition. The south transept opens
by a pointed arch, and contains a rich altar tomb with very fair niches and
a band of foliage, but mixed with Italian forms ; it has the effigies of a male
and female figure and smaller figures at their heads. The nave is ceiled,
but there are figures of angels supporting the rafters which are now con-
cealed. The chancel opens to its north aisle by a wide Tudor arch having
deep mouldings. The chancel is plain externally, but over the east gable is
arich cross. The north window of the chancel has a paneled (—?), and in
the north aisle is one with rich stained glass. The altar piece is large and
heavy, of Italian character, and there are several handsome modern marble
monuments to the Hoares.
The font is modern, but a good imitation of ancient work, of octagonal
form, paneled with quatrefoils. There is a mausoleum of bad modern
VOL. XLIIT.—NO. CXXXIX. xX
294 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
Gothic work. The churchyard is very beautiful, has on the south a bank
covered with laurels growing most luxuriantly, and on the north overlooks
some gardens. ‘The view of the opposite hills covered with fine beech woods
is very striking.
Stratford Toney. S. Lawrence, [Feb. 20th, 1872.] A small Church
having only chancel and nave, north porch, and western tower. As usual
built chiefly of flints and of rather mean appearance. The tower is low and
chequered with flint and stone, has corner buttresses and plain parapet, is
divided by one string course, and has on the west a three-light window,
square headed and labeled. The belfry windows are also square-headed,
The chancel arch is pointed, rising at once from the wall. The east window
is of three lights, Decorated of reticulated tracery. On the north and south
of the chancel are square-headed windows also Decorated. The south-east
window sill forms a seat and near it is a piscina with trefoiled arch and
shelf. In the nave most of the windows are bad and modern, those on the
north closed up. The walls are much patched with brick intermixed with
flints. The tower arch is pointed. The font has a plain circular bowl,
diminishing downwards.
Stratton St. Margaret. [Oct. 17th, 1864.] The Church consists of
nave with north and south aisles, chancel, south porch, and western tower,
and is in good condition, having lately undergone some restoration. The
arcades of the nave are Early English of four pointed arches, chamfered,
with light circular columns, having moulded caps, one with nail heads.
The responds are corbeled shafts. Above is a clerestory with small win-
-dows of two or three lancets which are scarcely seen externally because of
the high roofs of the aisles which have been renewed and covered with
‘tiles. The clerestory roof is flat and covered with lead. In the south aisle
the windows are of Decorated character and of two lights, but at the east —
and west of both aisles are single windows with trefoil head. In the north |
aisle are some two-light windows having the rear arch within of trefoil
form. In the north wall is a sepulchral arch of ogee form crocketed and ©
( 1). The nave is fitted with open seats and has no gallery. The tower
arch is pointed, on corbeled shafts. The chancel arch is like those of the |
arcade, on corbeled shafts with octagonal caps and nail-head mouldings. |
The chancel is long, has two light Decorated windows, one on the south- |
west has tracery somewhat Flamboyant. The east window a new one of |
three lights. The chancel is stalled. In the south aisle is a trefoil-headed |
piscina, but none exists in the chancel. In the north aisle isa projection at |
the back of the sepulchral arch. |
The font has a paneled octagonal bowl on a central octagonal stem |
surrounded by four shafts. A north doorway has a semi-circular head on |
imposts and very plain. The porch is plain, its doorway has continuous arch |
mouldings. The tower is low, with plain parapet, has a small octagonal |~
-stair turret at the north-east. There is a string course, but no buttresses. |
The belfry window decorated of two lights, the other openings single lancets, |
apparently Early English, and no door. |
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 295
Sutton Benger. All Saints. [Oct. 15th, 1864.] A nice Church lately
renovated and in excellent condition, consists of nave with south aisle,
chancel, south porch and western tower. The nave and aisle are both wide
and have separate high pitched roofs. The arcade of the nave is transitional
from Norman to Karly English. The arches, five in number, are obtuse.
with mouldings stopped on small quasi corbels, and have hoods. The
pillars circular, the western respond octagonal with rich foliage. The
remainder of the Church is chiefly good Decorated. The roofs are open.
In the south aisle the windows are good, of two lights, with hoods, but the
eastern window of the same, of three lights, lately renewed, the mullions
and mouldings enriched with fine ball flowers. A canopied (niche?) is
inserted within the central light in the inside, being evidently connected
with an altar. There is another canopied niche on the south side of the
window and near it a projecting gargoyle figure. On the north side of the
nave are Perpendicular windows, square-headed, of three lights. The tower
arch has bold continuous mouldings. ‘The nave is very wide, and the tower
being under sized does not fill up the west end of it, The nave is nicely
fitted with new open seats. The chancel is stalled. The chancel arch is
pointed, on foliaged corbels. The chancel has externally a tall flowered
cornice. On the south is one two-light Decorated window, set high, and
one trefoil-headed lancet. ‘The east window of three lights, Decorated and
restored. Part of the south aisle has also a ball flower cornice. The west
gable of this aisle has a three-light Decorated window with bold large ball
flowers in the exterior moulding, and flowered hood. The porch is Per-
pendicular—has beautiful groining, and on each side three small square-
headed windows divided by buttresses. The groining has fine arched ribs,
resting on shafts. The outer doorway has continuous arch mouldings, and
over it a canopied niche. The doorway within has two orders of mouldings.
The tower is narrow, not filling up the space west of the nave, and appears
to be Perpendicular. It has one string course, square-headed belfry windows
of two lights with stone lattice work, on the west side a canopied niche
and a poor Perpendicular west window of three lights. The battlement is
paneled and there are four crocketed pinnacles at theangles. The remarkable
feature is a larger crocketed pinnacle, rising from the centre, of elegant
workmanship, but scarcely considerable enough to be called a spire. It
has on each side an ogee canopied niche, is crocketed at the angles, and has
a finial, altogether a very pretty composition. The whole Church is of
excellent stone masonry.
Swindon. [1845.] This Church hasa very unfinished west tower; a
nave with side aisles, chancel with north aisle, north and south porches.
The tower has a very unsightly appearance and does not rise above the
clerestory. It has no parapet. On the west side is a square-headed Per-
pendicular window; on the north side a lancet belfry window; in the
Second stage a trefoiled lancet. The aisles have leaded roofs, the clerestory
and chancel are covered with flagstones. In the east gable of the clerestory
is a quatrefoiled circle walled up, the windows are square-headed and late
Perpendicular. The porches are very plain, but the southern is the best
Nene
296 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
and has a high gable. The nave is divided from each aisle by four pointed
arches, upon octagonal pillars without capitals, rather of foreign character.
The clerestory windows have been vilely altered into a shape befitting a
riding house. There is a modern flat ceiling to every part, and galleries on
each side which however do not project beyond the piers. There is aspace
of wall between the tower and the first arch on each side. The tower con-
tains a clock and six bells, and in a west gallery is an organ. The chancel
arch is pointed and springs from a corbel on each side, representing re-
spectively a male and female head, the latter in the head dress of the time
of Henry IV. |
The chancel is a wretched modern erection, but the north aisle is.
original and is divided from it by two Early English arches, springing from
a central circular column, the capital of which has a nail-head ornament in
the mouldings. In this chapel are monuments of the Goddards and several
old hatchments, also a wretched wooden font, containing a porcelain basin
and painted in imitation of marble,
Tisbury. St. John. [Feb. 6th, 1861.] A fine cruciform Church with
central tower; the nave with north and south aisles, the transepts extending
scarcely beyond the walls of the aisles, and porches north and west of the
nave. The exterior in excellent preservation, and of freestone masonry.
The styles of architecture much intermixed. The west gable of the nave
is high. The roofs of the transepts are covered with stone flags. The
chancel, which is Decorated, has pedimental buttresses, and a moulded
parapet. The west window of the nave is Decorated of five lights, with
wheel tracery. ‘lhe windows of the aisles are Decorated, square-headed, of
two lights, and none at the west ends. There is a pointed octagonal turret
with stairs at the south-west angle. The nave has Perpendicular arcades
and clerestory, on each side four arches, with light piers of the four shafts
and alternate hollows common in the west. The clerestory windows
square headed and of two lights. The roof of the nave is coved with ribs.
and bosses and angel figures on brackets. The aisles have flat paneled
roofs with bosses and flowered mouldings. The eastern part of the north
aisle has had the roof injured by the fall of the spire. The seats in the
nave are open. The aisles wide and open to the transepts by wide pointed
arches, having no capitals. The organ is placed in a gallery in the south
transept, constructed partly out of the screen work. The pulpit and seats
seem to be chiefly of Caroline woodwork. There is an oblong opening in the
last pier on the north side adjoining the tower. ‘The tower is in its lower |
part Early English and is set on four strong pointed arches, upon shafts
which have capitals without foliage or flowers, and square bases. ‘ Over the |
west arch is a lancet window towards the nave. Beneath the tower is stone |
groining with moulded ribs. The north transept has at the end a three- |
light reticulated window, and on the east side an odd window of three |~
cinquefoiled lights, the central one divided by a transom, below whichis solid |
stone work with an ogee trefoiled niche and pedestal, and two quatrefoil
openings in the stones (——4) ; this was connected with an altar. Flanking 4
this same window are niches, on the north two, one over the other, with |
{
i
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 297
(—") crocketed canopy. On the south are three similarly arranged ; two
are long, with ogee crocketed pinacled canopies and square flowers in the
mouldings ; the lowest forms a piscina, with flowered jambs and spandrels,
having a flowered ball orifice. Under the north window is a sepulchral
arch. The south transept has some indication of Early English mouldings,
and some odd rather debased looking windows. Under part of this transept
there is a crypt, and externally may be seen, under a window, a projection,
lighted by slits.
The east face of the tower has been strengthened by a double arch opening
to the chancel, the additional arch has its mouldings dying into the face of
the other. The tower in its lowest stage above the roof has Karly English
Shafts at the angles and a corbel table, and a stair turret at the south-west
lighted by slits. The upper story is modern, probably rebuilt since the fall
of the spire.
The chancel is spacious and fine; wholly Decorated, with a coved high
roof. The east window of five lights has beautiful flowing tracery, but
ugly stained glass. On the north and south are three uniform windows of
corresponding character, all of four lights. ‘The sacrarium is spacious and
ascended by four steps. In the sill of the south-east window is a piscina
of ogee form with cinquefoil feathering flanked by pinnacles, divided
horizontally by a stone shelf and ( 1) a rose orifice. Beneath is the
Arundel] vault and there is a brass, A.D. 1590, to Laurence Hyde, his wife
and children, besides other monuments. ‘The font has a square bowl, the
angles chamfered off, on a cylindrical stem and four shafts with capitals at
the angles. There is a wood cover with crockets and finials and some
paneling having a Decorated look. ‘The north porch has a stone vault, and
an Early English doorway, with good mouldings, one continuous, one
carried on shafts with capitals of rude foliage. The west porch has wooden
ribbed roof, and the door has some ancient ironwork. The east gable has
a good cross.
Tockenham. St.John. [27th April, 1856.] A small Church consisting
of chancel and nave only, with south porch, and wooden belfry over the
west end. The porch is modern. At the west end are two lancets, which
seem to be original. At the south-west corner of the nave is an inscription
with the date 1699, probably the date of the porch. ‘The chancel arch is
very poor and continuous. The east window is a large and very curious
one of early Middle Pointed character, but it is doubtful whether the centre
of the upper part has not had its tracery altered or closed up. It is of five
lights. Over the east gableisa cross. The other windows of the chancel are
square headed ; the south-west a lychnoscope and of a single light. Inthe
nave are some other square-headed windows of two lights and one Middle
Pointed one. On the north of the nave a door with segmental arch. There
is a west gallery. In the south wall, externally, is a niche containing the
figure of a saint with a serpent twined round a cup at his feet.
Tollard Royal. St. Peter. [June 13th, 1871.] This Church has nave
and chancel with a new north aisle to the former, a western tower, and
south porch. On the south of the nave are two trefoil-headed lancet and
298 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
one 3 (light ?) square-headed Perpendicular window set high. The chancel
arch is pointed on octagonal shafts. The new aisle which has chequered
masonry of flint and stone has rather poor windows, and is divided from
the nave by three pointed arches on octagonal pillars. ‘The nave has a
steep roof covered with lead. The chancel roof is tiled. The Chancel has.
a priest’s door on the south, and atwo-light window of ogee heads trefoiled.
At the north-east is a similar window. ‘The east window a new one,
Decorated of three lights, with flowing tracery. The tower arch is pointed,
springing at once from the wall. The chancel is mostly of flint, with stone
buttresses, but the nave is principally of stone. There isa piscina on the
south of the chancel. Over the rood-loft’s place is the not uncommon
ornamented roof.
The tower is low, has embattled parapet and four pinnacles, with corner
buttresses to the lower part only. It is wholly Perpendicular and has a
string course, a three-light west window, and belfry windows of two lights.
The porch is of flint and stone, has a new boarded roof ; the inner door-
way of ‘Tudor form. There is a sepulchral effigy of a cross-legged knight in
armour, well preserved, of 14th century, under an arched recess. On the
shield of the knight are three lozenges, two and one; Sir William Payne,
of E. Lulworth, obit. 1388.
Trowbridge St. James. ([Oct. 3rd, 1848.] A fine Third Pointed
Church very good in the style and quite unmixed. ‘The plan is a nave
with aisles, chancel with side chapels, western engaged tower with lofty
stone spire, north, south, and west porches. A very considerable restora-
tion has lately been effected at an expense of £7,000 ; some parts, especially
the chancel, have been entirely rebuilt. The material is the fine stone so
plentiful in the neighbourhood, and the character of the Third Pointed |
work is similar to what is very plentiful in the south-west of Wilts and |
adjacent parts of Somersetshire. The exterior of the whole is embattled |
and the buttresses are surmounted with crocketed pinnacles. ‘The windows
of the aisles are of four lights, those of the clerestory of three. The north
and south porches are large, each with parvise and beautiful stone groining
very similar in their character, ‘The outer doors labeled, and with paneled
spandrels. The windows square-headed and labeled, and an octagonal
turret with staircase in the angle. The west porch is attached to the en- |
gaged tower and is smaller but also embattled and groined. The tower is |
of three stages, and rather plain with embattled parapet, pinnacles at the |
angles, and octagonal spire with bands of paneling. The belfry windows |
are of two lights with pierced stone panneling; the west window of four |
lights. The side chapels of the chancel have roofs of higher pitch, the | F
northern one having a fine groined roof. The interior is very fine and |
having been disencumbered of its former galleries and pews presents a very |
light and noble appearance, but unfortunately the new arrangement of pews | |
down the centre of the nave considerably mars the effect, though the pews |
are low and all of oak. ‘hose of 'the aisles are arranged stall-wise in two | —
or three tiers. ‘The organ, a large old instrument, is thrust into the south |
porch, rather a questionable disposition, though it would not be easy to say 1 Pi
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 299
how it should be placed. The nave has a beautiful arcade on each side of
five bays, the piers very light of lozenge form each having four shafts witl
foliated capitals and hollow moulding between. The tower being engaged
opens to the nave by a lofty paneled arch with shafts somewhat narrow,
but very elegant, and to the aisles by lower (—— 2) arches with much solid
masonry above them. ‘Through the tower arch is seen the west window
filled with modern stained glass, and the fine groining in the tower. The
roof of the nave is of great beauty, and has been put into very good order.
It is of flat-pitch, but enriched with very elegant panneling with foliated
bosses and moulded beams and enriched spandrels, at the points of which
are angels with outspread wings and a fine flowered cornice. Between the
clerestory windows are fine large canopied niches with pinnacles. The
aisle has flat roofs, panneled without bosses, and a cornice of Tudor flower,
the beams upon small shafts set upon angels bearing shields. The chancel
arch is upon shafts from the capitals of which a foliated band is continued
on each side. ‘The chancel has been skilfully reconstructed ; the east
window of five lights, the side ones of three, all fitted with stained glass,
presented by different individuals, but not of the highest order. ‘lhe roof
is paneled on the slope, the timbers forming arches upon angel corbels.
The seats are arranged stallwise. The altar steps of black marble ; the rails.
modern Gothic, within them some cinquecento carved chairs, and illumin-
ated Decalogue, &c. ‘The lateral chapels are evidently later additions.
though not varying very much in style from the rest of the Church. The
northern one has a very curious and beautiful stone flat arched roof with
varied paneling and tracery, and fine bosses and angel figures in the
cornice. ‘The east window of this Chapel is of seven lights and continued
in blank tracery so as to form a reredos to a former altar. Below it is a
cinquefoiled niche and piscina. ‘There is a stone screen enclosing part of
this Chapel. Both Chapels open to nave and chancel by Third Pointed
arches on shafts. The south Chapel has a paneled coved roof and an east
window of seven lights as the corresponding one on the north. These are
private chapels. There is an original vestry north of the chancel. The —
font is a fine one, the bowl octagonal with quatrefoils containing shields.
with emblems and grotesque figures. At the angles small octagonal shafts
upon corbel bases, the same carried down the stem, which is octagonal.
There is an octagonal turret on the north with stairs, corresponding with
the rood loft’s plan.
The pulpit has good Third Pointed carving. The prayer desk is open
but faces west. ‘he shafts have mostly a kind of capping over the capitals.
The east window of the north aisle is obituary to the memory of John
Clarke, obit. 1846.
Upavon. S. Mary. [May 14th, 1859.] This Church has a nave with
north aisle, chancel, west tower, and north porch. ‘The walls chiefly of
flints—with some stone intermixed and partially stuccoed. ‘The east gable
in its upper part has some chequered work. ‘The tower has some appearance
of Early English work, but it is doubtful whether it is not an imitation,
and other parts of the tower appear to be debased. It has a battlement
and corbel table with unfinished pinnacles, and is divided by two string
300 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
courses, The belfry window double under a hood, on three sides the arches
trefoiled. At the north-east is a square turret going up part of the way>
with slitopenings. 'The west window is debased, of three lights, below it a
continuous doorway. The tower is chiefly of flint, with stone buttresses.
The south wall is partly patched with brick and much covered with ivy.
The porch is plain, the outer doorway has octagonal imposts; the inner has
plain Early English imposts. The body has no parapets. The chancel
slated. The nave is wide and has a clerestory on both sides, though there
isno southarcade. The clerestory windows are square-headed Perpendicular
of three lights. Below them on the south are single trefoil-headed windows,
and a pair of them, near the pulpit, not looking early in character. The —
north arcade is irregular and Early English, has three pointed arches with
circular columns having moulded caps. The eastern is on a half column
set against a square pier, and the fourth arch has Early English foliated
capitals. The tower arch is pointed, moulded, without caps, the hood on
corbel heads. There was formerly a south aisle, the arcade appearing in
the wall. The roof is of flat pitch, and open. The north aisle has Perpen-
dicular windows, square headed of two and three lights. The chancel arch is
Early English, the east face is much plainer than the other, which has early
ornamental mouldings, almost Norman, of chevron kind, and an embattled
hood. ‘The inner face has plain imposts. North of this arch is a rude
hagioscope, cutting the angle, and obtuse arched. The chancel has on the
north an obtuse-headed doorway and one single Early English lancet closed.
‘he east window late Perpendicular, of four lights. On the south are two
square-headed Perpendicular windows of two lights. On the east gable is
a cross. ‘The font is early, the bowl octagonal, each face with varied
sculpture, difficult to describe, various animals—dragons, etc., and also
fleur-de-lys, appear. On one face a plain cross, with kind of cyphers in the
spaces; in another a fleury cross, also some odd knotted work and a repre-
sentation of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary. There are two small
organs. The Church is pewed.
Upton Lovel. [May 26th, 1863.] This Church has nave and chancel
with south porch and western tower. It is but small and uninviting. The
chancel is of Norman origin, has flat buttresses and corbel table of that
period under the roof. On the north side is a single lancet window, and |
on the south a two-light Perpendicular window. ‘The east window modern, |
The chancel arch is Early English, pointed upon shafts, the inner member |
having the shafts coupled. In the outer they are single; the soffit is plain. |7
The south porch bears the date 1633, and has a finialed gable. The windows |
of the nave, square-headed and transomed, may probably be of that date. |7
There is a west gallery. The organ is in the chancel. On the north of the |”
altar is the effigy of a knight in armour. The font has a plain circular |
bowl. The tower arch is pointed; the tower, low and ugly, has four poor |
pinnacles and debased windows like those in the nave.
Urchfont. St. Michael. This is a very interesting Church, abounding a
in excellent work of different periods, and consisting of a nave with side |
aisles, north and south transepts, and a chancel. At the west end a square | —
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 301
embattled tower of Rectilinear character, having pinnacles at the angles.
The aisles and the chancel are embattled. In the latter under the battlement
a range of pierced quatrefoils. ‘The chancel, as well as the south porch,
has a curious roof, originally formed wholly of stone, but the stone in the
chancel has been mostly replaced by tiles, but a stone rib runs along the
top externally, enriched with a row of finials, or flowers in stone. ‘ihe
south porch is perfect and very singular and rich, being constructed wholly
of stone; the roof of stone ribs crowned at the apex by flowered finials.
The roof inside the porch has some elegant paneling; it is perhaps of
Decorated character, but the outer doorway is of Tudor form. ‘The
inner doorway is an elegant one with foliage in the mouldings.
The prevailing features in this Church are early Decorated, and the
buttresses are generally with triangular heads and finials. The
east end of the chancel is flanked by square pinnacles. ‘The nave has
a leaded roof and plain parapet. Within, there are on each side three
pointed arches upon circular pillars, the capitals of which are octagonal,
and the eastern arch opens to the transepts. There is a half arch between
the aisle and the transept on each side. ‘he clerestory windows are square-
headed. Most of the windows are of two lights and early Decorated.
Some are square-headed. ‘he transepts have some of rather plain and
early tracery ; that in the north transept of three lights, that in the south
transept of five lights. The latter, together with some smaller windows of
the south transept, has the inner arch upon shafts. ‘he chancel arch is
Early English with good mouldings, the outer having the billet ornament.
The interior of the chancel is very fine, the roof groined in stone, quadri-
partite, as at Bishop’s Cannings, but probably of decided Decorated period,
the bosses having fine foliage. The east window, of five lights, has been
sadly mutilated and hidden by a modern altar piece. The side windows
are Decorated, of two lights, and there are several fragments of stained
glass.
The font is a square basin, on a cylindrical pedestal surrounded by four
smaller shafts, the whole on a square base. ‘The west window of the south
aisle has externally some fine sprigs of foliage and square flowers in its arch
mouldings. ‘The tracery Decorated, of two lights. Near the west door of
the tower is a stoup.
Wanborough. St. Andrew. [26th April, 1859.] A fine Church, in
good condition, and remarkable for its two steeples, a western tower and a
lanthorn with spire in the centre. The plan is a nave with north and south
aisles, chancel without aisles, north and south porches, a large tower at the
west end of the nave, and the curious lanthorn at its east end. The para-
pets are moulded and good and there is no clerestory. The north porch
has a steep roof and at the corners diagonal buttresses finished with
crocketed pinnacles. The outer doorway labeled, with paneled spandrels ;
Over it an ogee canopied niche and near it a stoup. ‘The inner doorway has
a fine flowered moulding, with twining foliage continuous, and a hood on
corbel heads. Within the porch stone seats. This porch is Perpendicular
as is also the West ‘ower and some windows. Other parts of the Church are
Decorated. ‘The nave has on each side a Decorated arcade of four pointed
302 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
arches, on clustered piers of four shafts with the capitals moulded. ‘The
arches are rather plain. The windows of the south aisles are mostly
Decorated square-headed, some on the north Perpendicular. Near the
ee door is a stoup and an ogee piscina near the east end of the south
aisle.
The singular feature is the curious lanthorn at the east end of the nave,
which consists of a small octagonal tower and stone spire, which is open to
the interior to the very top of the spire, and therefore [cannot ?] have been
acampanile. This tower rises upon four pointed arches opening north
south, east, and west within the nave. ‘Those on the north and south are
narrower and lower than the two others ; all the piers have clustered shafts.
The storey above them has also arches within, which carry the spire. The
spire is ribbed and lighted by small canopied windows, and square-headed
ones trefoiled just below the spire. ‘The chancel has three-light windows
to the south and east; on the north a square-headed one of two lights-
Near the east window a stone pedestal, and on the south a trefoiled piscina.
On the north is an ancient vestry. The font is cylindrical, like that at
Lydington, but plainer. ‘The chancel is sta]led ; the nave fitted with neat.
open seats with paneled ends. There are some curious mutilated effigies
now in one of the porches, a man and woman with an inscription much
[——?]. Both have the hands joined ; The man has whiskers, the woman
has a wimple. The west tower, which contains six bells, opens to the nave
by a continuous arch. It is Perpendicular, embattled, with four crocketed
pinnacles and buttresses. Belfry windows of two lights with the elegant
pierced stone work of the western counties, and below the belfry storey a
square-headed window with similar pierced stone work. On the west side
a labeled doorway, a three-light window, a canopied niche on the south.
The pulpit a new one of stone.
Warminster. St. Denys. [Aug., 1837.] This Church is cruciform |
with a tower in the centre, but the transepts scarcely extend beyond the
breadth of the aisles. The external character is not good and the whole is
of inferior Perpendicular work with some mutilations and modern alteration.
The tower is low, but, as well as the side aisles, embattled. The nave has
modern arches and columns dividing the aisles not harmonising with the
general style of the Church, though that is but mediocre. The tower rises.
on four pointed arches, and beneath it is a stone groined ceiling. The
chancel has an aisle on the south from which it is divided by two Tudor
arches with a light pier of lozenge form with four shafts. On the north of
the chancel is a vestry and between the south transept and the south aisle
of the chancel is an arch with paneled soffit. There are some Perpendicular
windows of four (?) lights in the south chancel. ‘he interior is rather
crowded with pews, but there is a good organ.
Westbury. All Saints. [Oct., 1848.] A fine cruciform Church, with
aisles to both nave and chancel, a central tower, and south and west porches.
The whole is Third Pointed of a good character and of the kind generally
found in the district. The material is capital stone which abounds at no
great distance. ‘The clerestory of the nave and the south aisle of the chancel
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 303
are embattled; the rest of the aisles and chancel have moulded parapets.
The chancel has a high roof covered with stone flags. The tower is rather
plain and is not square, the north and south sides being, as in Bath Abbey
Church, smaller than the east and west, the transepts being much narrower
than the other two arms of the cross. It is embattled and has three stages
of two-light windows, there being on each side of the belfry window a
single square-headed light trefoiled. The south porch is large and fine,
with elegant stone groining and a niche over the inner [door]. The west
front has a large window of seven lights, with rather peculiar tracery, a
depressed arch, and a transom; the arch is paneled internally. Below it
is a shallow porch with stone groining, a labeled outer door, and a paneled
inner One, and stone benches on the sides. The buttresses of this front
were intended to be finished by pinnacles. At the south corner is an
octagonal stair turret, having well-finished gargoyles. The windows of the
aisles of the nave are of three lights. The nave is very wide and has on
each side an arcade of four Third-Pointed arches with large piers of four
clustered shafts, which have each an octagonal capital. ‘The clerestory
windows are of three lights, trefoiled, and without tracery. ‘The roof of
the nave is plain and low-pitched, but has pierced tracery above the beams.
The aisles are narrow and a stone arch is curiously thrown across in each
bay from the piers of the nave, resting upon shafts. ‘here is a chapel
added on the west side of the north transept, having a fine groined ceiling,
and opening by a good arch on shafts. ‘lhe tower rises on four pointed
arches at the crossings, the east and west ones are very wide and lofty,
Springing from shafts, the north and south are small and low, and above
them on the wall are painted (sham?) windows. ‘The transepts are low
and not wide, having plain roofs. The organ, which was originally erected
in 1816, has lately been placed on the floor in the north transept. There is
a large stair turret on the north-east corner of the tower, projecting into the
chancel aisle. ‘The south transept has a wood screen, and in the south wall
is a large sepulchral arch under a window, also a trefoliated niche with
stone shelf and piscina. Between the transept and the aisle of the chancel
is a paneled arch. ‘lhe chancel has a coved ribbed roof without clerestory,
with a flowered cornice and corbel heads below the ribs. On each side is
an arcade of two pointed arches, lower than those of the nave; the pier on
the north has four clustered shafts, with large half figures on the capitals,
the southern pier has not the figures; the bases are stilted. ‘The east
window is of seven lights, with two transoms. Most of the aisle windows
are of three lights ; that on the east of north aisle is of five, of the south
aisle of four lights. ‘The aisles of the chancel have flat paneled roofs.
Under the east window of the south aisle are traces of an altar, and on
each side of the window a fine canopied niche, each in two divisions and
flanked by two smaller shallow ones upon angel figures. In this aisle is
is also a modern Gothic monument, with fine canopy, to the memory of
some of the family of Phipps. The chancel aisles are fitted with open
benches. ‘he sacrarium is very large. The altar is on pace and has a rich
covering. ‘The east window has some fine modern stained glass, representing
the Crucifixion and the Ascension, but not yet completed. The font has
an octagonal bow], with paneling, diminishing gradually to the stem, which
304 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
is also paneled. The west window and one on the south have floriated (?)
quarries. The whole Church has lately been greatly improved and bears
great indications of further embellishment being contemplated. The nave is
still pewed, but the chancel is arranged in a very proper ecclesiastical
manner. ‘There is a late brass to — Bennett and wife.
Whiteparish. [Sept. 29th, 1824.] A Church consisting of a nave with
side aisles and a chancel. ‘The nave is divided from the side aisles by plain
pointed arches springing from piers mostly circular and massive with round
moulded capitals. There are, however, in the south aisle two octagonal
piers. The north side of the nave has been cased with brick in a bad style
and modern windows introduced. The windows in the south aisle are
plain Perpendicular. The chancel is divided from the nave by a pointed
arch, and is of Perpendicular character. The eastern gable of the nave is
crowned by a stone cross. The west window consists of three trefoiled
lights under a pointed arch, with a dripstone having heads at its extremities.
At the west end is a wooden turret.
Wilton. ‘The original Church consisted of a small west tower, a nave
and chancel, each with side aisles. The exterior plain and ordinary, with
tiled roofs, the windows chiefly square-headed and late,except one Decorated,
of three lights, at the east of the south aisle. The body divided from each
aisle by four pointed arches, apparently Perpendicular, the piers of lozenge
form, with four shafts at intervals, those on the north having rich capitals
with foliage and figures of angels. ‘he capitals on the south plain. No
clerestory. The chancel small and modernised, opening by a pointed arch.
The roofs coved. There was an organ and rather a good carved pulpit
bearing the date 1628. Inthe chancela sumptuous monument by Westmacott
to the Earl of Pembroke, who died in 1827. Opposite to which was a large
white marble sarcophagus, with claw feet, to the memory of a former Earl
of Pembroke.
A sumptuous new Church is now in course of erection in the Lombard
style, at the sole expense of the Honble. Sidney Herbert.
[Winterbourne Bassett. Printed in Vol. xxxvii., p. 451, of Welts
Arch. Mag. |
Woodborough. [St. Mary. 14th May, 1859.] A small Church of not
much interest, comprising chancel and nave only, south porch and wooden
belfry over the west end. The Church is in good condition and well cared
for. The sacrarium laid with tiles, the windows renovated, and partially
filled with stained glass. The porch and the font are modern. The chancel
has a high tiled roof. ‘The chancel arch is pointed on octagonal shafts.
North of the nave is a four-light square-headed window with label which
has Decorated tracery. On the south are some square-headed ones, also
labeled and Decorated, of three lights. The west window has three tre-
foiled lights.
Woodford. All Saints. This Church consists of a west tower, a nave
with small south aisle and porch, and a chancel. The whole is principally
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 305
built of flints and stone. 'The tower embattled and of Perpendicular
character, very plain. ‘The south porch occupies the western portion of the
aisle, which is small. Within it is a Norman doorway with arch-moulding
exhibiting the chevron ornament, containing a kind of bead and some good
shafts. The nave is divided from the aisle by two pointed arches with
octagonal pier. The windows of the nave are Perpendicular, and square-
headed. The chancel is Early English. ‘The east window a triple lancet
with mouldings contained within a general arch. On the south side are
two lancets, one of which is set low and has a trefoil head. One window
on the north of the nave is Norman and small. The font is an octagon
with quatrefoil paneling.
Wootton Basset. All Saints. This Church is rather singular in its
plan, consisting of two long aisles equal in height and length and without
any architectural distinction of chancel. At the west end of the southern
aisle is a small low tower, and on the south side is a porch. The body is
lofty and the parapets have good plain mouldings. ‘The two aisles are
contained under one roof and the east end presents an unusual appearance,
two windows in one gable of equal size. The south porch has a parvise
with two-light windows, having square heads, and an elegant stone-groined
ceiling. The exterior is almost wholly Perpendicular except the east
window of the north aisle which is Decorated of three lights. Another
window south of the chancel is square-headed. The other windows are
Perpendicular of three lights. The tower is low and embattled, with four
crocketed pinnacles, and the belfry window has stone lattice work. The
tower has within it five bells and very strong timber frame work. It opens
to the Church by a small pointed doorway. The interior is lofty and long,
and the division of the aisles formed by eight pointed arches. The three
eastern are (——?) the others are tall and well formed. ‘The columns are
mostly circular, some have octagonal capitals, but most of the capitals in
the western portion are circular and moulded. ‘he roofs are boarded in
panels with ribs and bosses, painted with stars. The chancel seems to
include the three eastern arches, and is divided off by an ugly modern
screen all across the Church, in which an organ was erected in 1838. There
is also a western gallery. The altar is uncouthly placed in the centre of
the east end, and is cut by the central line of columns. The chancel roof
is whitewashed.
Wraxall, North. St. James. This Church has a nave, to which a
modern north aisle is added, a chancel, and a western tower, which latter
has a pack-saddle roof, and its lower portion is early, with plain lancet
windows. The belfry window of two lights without foils, and the parapet
has good plain mouldings. ‘The south doorway is Norman, with the chevron
and knob ornament in the mouldings. On the south side of the nave is a
good Decorated window of three lights surmounted by a pointed gable.
The chancel is Early English; the east window of three lancets, and some
others on the north side. South of the chancel are square-headed windows
of two and three lights, which seem to be of a transition form from Decorated
to Perpendicular. The interior is neat and there is an organ. The north
306 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
aisle is divided from the nave by pointed arches upon light clustered piers.
The northern windows are of bad design.
Wraxall, South. ‘This Church has a western steeple, nave, south
porch and chapel adjoining it, and chancel. The latter, with the whole of
the north wall is modern Gothic of a very meagre kind. The steeple is
rather a curious composition and probably of rather late date. It consists
of a low square tower of three stages, divided by strings without buttresses,
but there is a large projecting turret on the west side as high as the sill of
the belfry window, and another turret on the north, terminating in a pointed
pediment. ‘The tower has a good moulded parapet and is surmounted by
a high pitched saddleback roof, all of stone, rising higher and steeper than
usual. The point of each gable is crowned by a pinnacle, and in the centre
of the ridge of the roof is a vane (?). The west window of the tower is of
three lights without foils; the belfry window similar of two lights. The
south chapel and porch are adjacent to each other and form one member
externally. The outer doorway of the porch has good mouldings and the
dripstone on lozenge corbels. Near to it is a small labeled door opening
to the chapel, over which is the date 1566, perhaps the date of the whole of
the chapel, which has a square-headed window of three lights. It opens to
the nave by a wide and late arch with mouldings and shafts with spiral (1)
capitals, Within the arch are fragments of a wood screen, and there are
monuments to the Longs. On the south of the nave, west of the porch is
a three-light square-headed window varying from Decorated to Perpendicular,
with label. The interior is neat, but too much modernised. The font has
an octagonal bowl, paneled with quatrefoils and roses on an octagon shaft.
Yatton Keynell. St. Margaret. [May 25th, 1867.] This Church
when visited was undergoing a thorough restoration by no means finished,
under G. E. Street; the nave denuded and unroofed. It is wholly Per-
pendicular, of good stone masonry, and consists of nave with south aisle,
chancel, north porch, and small western tower. The latter is unusually
slender, is divided into unequal stages, by three strings, has paneled
battlement and four crocketed pinnacles, but no buttresses. The belfry
storey is richly paneled in three divisions, the centre pierced for windows.
In the stages below are small double windows with lattice work. Thesouth |
aisle is carried along part of the chancel. In the nave the arcade is of three |
bays with four-centred arches, of which the eastern has fine paneling in the |
soffits continued down the octagonal pillar. The arch to the tower is very |
low. The chancel arch is pointed and across it is a low stone screen |
having on each side three compartments, each enriched with a quatrefoiled |
circle with shield blazoned in the centre. ‘There are also paneled (finials?) |
and a band of foliage. The chancel has been taken down to be rebuilt. |
There is one Tudor-shaped arch south of the chancel. 1
The windows mostly of three lights, with flat arch. The porch good |
Perpendicular, with paneled gable. The outer doorway continuous, and |”
over it a two-light window. Within the porch the doorway has trefoils in | ~
the spandrels. ‘The font is small—an octagonal bow] with quatrefoil paneling |~
on a stem. ;
307
THE SOCIETY’S MSS.
INVENTORY OF THE GOODS OF
SIR CHARLES RALEIGH, OF DOWNTON. 1698.
{The original of the Inventory, here ‘printed verbatim, except that the
constantly recurring ‘“‘ Item ” at the beginning of each entry is omitted,
together with certain later scribbled notes, often illegible, in the
margin, as to the sale of various articles, is very clearly written on four
strips of parchment sewn together into one roll, measuring 9ft. 5in. in
length.
It was purchased for the Society in 1922.—Ep. H. Gopparp.]
A True and perfect Inventory of all and singular the Goods and Chattles
of S'. Charles Raleigh late of Downton in ye County of Wiltes Kn‘. deceas’d
taken and apprais’d by us whose names are underwritten the tenth day of
May in the year of our Lord (1698).
His Wearing Apparrell
Ready Money
Books in the Studdy (¢nterlined afterwards)
One Rumplett Jewell one Ruby Ring one pearle necklace one
Diamond Buckle one pair of Diamond Earings one pair
of Diamond Taggs
Plate
~ Iinnen
| Pictures in the howse
| In the Lady Raleigh’s Chamber, one bedd and bed-
steed three pillows five blancketts one white Rugg four
Chairs one Stool one table and Carpett four Window
Curtaines and Rodds hangings of the Room one Great
. Glass one dressing Glass one plate case one chest of
| drawers two pair of andirons fire pann Tongs and Bellows
In the Anti Room to that Chamb’. ‘I'wo glasses and
and four sconces
_ In the Green Chamber. One feather bedd and bolster
| two pillows five blanketts one Quilt one bedd and bed-
steed Matt and Cord one sett of Green curtains hangings
and two stooles
‘In the wrought Nursery. One feather bedd and bolster
two pillows, one white Rugg three blanketts one bedd-
| steed matt and cord one sett of wrought curtaines two
white window curtaines one curtaine Rodd one Glass
| six Dutch chairs one table board two pair of andirons
one firepann one pair of tongs and one pair of bellowes
In the great Parler. Hight white window Curtains and
| Valence and Rodds twelve cane chairs one great arm’d
' | cane Chair twelve silk cushions one pair of wrought
{
;
|
|
|
ERS Oh
20 0 O
10 5 O
05 O O
100 00 O
(erased)
045 00 O
082 03 O
26 08 O
01 14 O
06 19 7
Sy 10) @)
308 The Society's MSS,
andirons one pair of Iron doggs with brass heads one
brass firepann and tongs one p'. of bellowes one clock
and case and one East India chest
In the drawing Roome. Six cane chairs one arm’d cane
chair one table two stands one large Glass one fountaine
two window Curtains and valence and Rodd and Guilt
leather hangings with severall peeces of China ware of
all sorts .
En the little Parlour. Four tables two carpitts two
window curtains and Rodds one fire pann and tongs one
fender one fork
In the dry Larder. Two chairs earthen plates and Basons
one marble morter and pestle
In the Hall. four tables two carpetts twenty six Leather
chairs one pair of andirons one pair of Iron Doggs one
great chair one great table one Matt two sconces and
one bird Cage
In the Redd Chamber. One feather bedd and bolster
one pillow one bedsteed Matt and cord one sett of redd
cloth curtains and Counterpain one white Rugg two
Blanketts the tapestry hangings six Dutch chairs one
table one pair of andirons one fire pan and tongs and
one pair of bellowes
In the porch Chamber. One feather bedd and bolster
one old white Rugg one blankett and the bedsteed
In the Chamber over y® Porch. One feather Bedd
bedsteed Matt and cord
In the Matted roome. One feather bedd one old Rugg
one sett of curtains head peece and testar one bedsteed
matt and cord and rodds two Dutch chairs one Great
Chair two Stools two window curtains and rodds one
pair of Iron doggs with brass heads and a pair of tongs
In the purple Roome. One feather bedd and bolster
two pillows one sett of purple curtaines Valence head
peece & testar one silk Quilt two blanketts one old
white rugg seaven chaires two stools one bedsteed matt
and cord a sett of hangings one pair of Iron doggs brass
heads one fire pann one pt of tongs one pair of Bellows
one table board and one glass
In the Passage Chamber. Nine cane chairs and one
table.
In the Garrett. One feather bedd and bolster one old
redd rugg two old blanketts & a bedsteed
In the Nursery. One feather bedd one bolster two
blanketts two old Ruggs one bedsteed Matt and cord
two setts of curtains one other Rugg four blanketts one
other feather bedd bolster and pillows.
In the Kitchen Chamber. One feather bedd and bolster
28 #1
39 02
Ol 13
03 05
O7 14
03 10
12 69
01 10
01 08
05 07
In
The Society's MSS.
one Green Rugg one blankett one bedsteed with sack
cloth bottome one sett of curtaines and Valence head-
peece and testar & four wrought Chairs and the hangings
the Chamber over y® Passage. One feather bed
and bolster one Redd Rugg two old blanketts one
bedsteed matt and cord
the Chamber over the dry Larder. One feather
bedd and bolster one old white Rugg two old blanketts
one bedsteed matt and cord
the Store Roome. Eight Dozen Candles
Six Dozen Soap
One close stoole one box twelve patty panns four
pudding dishes and one sweetmeat strainer
the little hall, One table board two forms & four
chairs.
the Wett Larder. four powdring tubbs four forms
one side board one tub with salt and Earthenware
En the Kitchen. ‘Two dripping panns one payl one tubb
one mortar and pestle one chopping board and stewpann
one Earthenware pann one fish kettle one flesh fork two
scimers one basting Ladle one cover one platerack one
Collender two Sawcepanns two treys one wooden platter
one ladle one [ron fork one grater one baskett two stools
one Settle one Clever one Chopping Knife six Candle-
sticks three wooden dishes one Rolling Pin a pair of
Bellows one salt Box two frying panns one Jack and
weights
In the Bakehowse. One Meale Benn one Cupboard one
In
In
In
In
In
Cover one range two tubbs two searches! one grey bagg
one tubb and salt
the Small bear Cellar. ‘I'welve hoggsheads
Stands ;
the Pantry. Glasses and Muggs two basketts one
table board three chairs one Napkin press one dozen of
Silver handle Knifes one buckett one dozen of other
Knifes six forks one cupboard two pair of brass Candle-
Sticks two pairs of Snuffers and one Snuf dish
the little Cellar. Nine hoggsheads
Three stands and one Box
the Inner Cellar. Eleven hoggsheads and two pipes
four Stands
two drappers a screw stooper and one p' of funnells
five small empty barrells
Nine humberkins and one halfe hoggshead
the Vault. One hundred forty dozen of Glass bottles
two hoggsheads
1 Halliwell gives “Searcher, a fine sieve ; a strainer.”
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXXXIX,
03
03
02
Ol
00
00
01
04
04
04
00
309
O2 FS
05 7
OY) O
04 0
04 O
08 O
12 0
13 0
03 O
1 6
16 0
12 0
09 0
12 O
04 0O
00 O
1OWO
08 O
10 0
06 O
00 6
16 0
310 The Socrety’s MSS.
two half hoggsheads
two Stands
Uppon the Stair Case. One Clock
In the Brewhowse. One Large Mashing fatt three
Keevers one payl one coull one coale Rake one trough
one fire-fork and two stools
In the landrey. ‘Ten Smoothing Irons one hair line two
Screens two forms one table board three chruches one
pair of tongs & one gause frame
Over the Landrey. Hopps
one cheese Rack and four bottle willows
In the Wash howse. Three washing stands five tubbs
one dresser board one stand two forms and one pair of
Brand Irons
In the dairy howse. Eight Earthenware potts twenty-
two Milk panns Six trendles! two butter barrells one
butter chern two payls one Ketle two Milk tankards
nine Cheese fatts one bole one Cheese tubb one pair of
Butter Scales Cheese Tongs two Cream dishes two
Skimers thirteen other Earthen potts & two tressells
In the Roome over the Washhowse. Two feather
beds two bolsters and one pillow
In the Stable. two bedds bolsters and bedd cloths
Cattle. Eight Cowes
one Bull
Two Barren Cowes
Ten heifers
five two yearling heifers and two Bulls
five yearling Calves
Twelve White Piggs
A Black Sow and Piggs
four Weanling Calves
Seaven horse beasts
Corne on Ground. Twelve Acres and an halfe of Wheate
Twelve acres of Barley
Tenn acres of Oates
Cart harnesse
Two Oate bens a prong and Shovel
Two Saddles and one Bridle
One Coach one Calash and harnesse for four horses
In the Backside. Wheelbarrowes and one handbarrow
Three Waggons & ye Wheells & two Cart lines
Two Dungpotts
four harrowes and one plow
One Roller and frame
00
00
Ol
04
Ol
01
00
Ol
03
03
00
30
02
08
25
09
08
15
Ol
03
51
30
24
18
03
00
02
13
00
23
08
Ol
01
08
Ol
00
00
02
05
02
04
15
05
10
00
10
00
00
O7
12
00
15
12
10
00
00
00
10
05
15
00
12
15
00
00
05
CO°
DOH
ro)
eS BOS SS) SOS SS SOD BR OCOSC COD
1 Halliwell, “Trendle, (1) a Brewer’s cooler, (2) the turning beam of a
spindle.”
The Society's MSS. 311
Three Rick Stavells and Wood 08 00 O
fifteen Cribbs 0115 O
Two piggs troughs 00 04 0O
Dung 08 00 0
four thousand five hundred Sparrs and Plow Tymber 0104 8
A heap of Dung in Nine acres 05 00 O
Wood 05 00 O
Tymber and boards 03 00 O
hurles 00 06 O
Lime and Sand 01 00 O
Hay in Reek 17 00 O
Oates in Reek 24 00 O
Barley in Reek 02 10 O
Hopp-poles in the upper hoppyard 04 01 O
hopps on the Ground there 08 00 O
Wheat in Reek 72 00 O
Hopp-poles in the Lower hoppyard 07 00 O
hopps on the ground there 12 00 0
Faggotts there 03 00 O
Pitt Coale 03 04 0
Peate and Turff 00 08 O
In the Pond Garden. Wood and timber 01 10 O
Charcole 00 01 6
In the Barne. Wheat winnow’d 10 08 O
Wheat in Straw OF 10770
Barley in Straw 0110 0
Two Barne Shovels ten Seeves one fann one pair of stoks
one wheel one heaver and one screen .02 00 O
One hair Cloth two Prongs and one Willow 01 00 O
In the Granary. NSacks 0110 O
Oates 0116 O
Hopps 02 00 0
One Iron barr one halfe bushell one saw one Cutting
knife two pair of fetters Old Iron and one pair of Garden
Sheers 00 08 O
Bricks 0110 O
Hen Coops 00 2 0
three Hopp Willows 00 06 O
In the Roome over the Dairy four boards 00 06 6
In the Garden. One Garden Roller one spade one water
pott three hows one garden Rake one pair of garden
Sheers Sixteen Mellon Glasses seaventy flower potts
one Scyth 0117 8
Beans pease Bacon and Neats Tongues 06 10 O
Small beer in thirteen hoggsheads Oc 1G 0
Strong beer in eight hoggsheads 12 00 O
March beer in five hoggsheads a Wey
Strong beer more in eight hoggsheads 12500:40
$12 The Socrety’s MSS.
Cyder in two hoggesheads 05 00 O |
Ale in two half hoggsheads 02 05 0
March beer in five dozen bottles 0100 0 |
Small beer in bottles 0104 0 |
Canary in two dozen bottles 02 08 O |
Clarett in eight dozen bottles 07 04 O
White wine in five dozen bottles 0410 0
Muskadine in Eighteen bottles _ 0116 0 |
Redd Malaga in six bottles 00 12 OF
Redd Port in six bottles . 000 09 0 |
Due on Tallies for the Exchequer 145 05 0 |
Debts due for Rent and on Contracts 107 OT 6 |
Desperate Debts 177 00 O |
Stock in the Bank of England | 2000 00 O |
Annuities in Excheq’. on the 14 p. cent p. ann’ 1000 00 O |
The best pewter 0009 08 O |
Other pewter 0008 01 3
Kettle brass 0003 03 0
Bell brasse 0000 05 O-
Tron in the Kitchen 0001 18 8 |
five Pewter Stands 0000 05 O-
Ninteen quarters (7?) and an halfe of mault 0026 00 0 :
‘Two cheses (2) 0000 12 6)
{
Tot. 4687 8 — |
(Signed) James Horner, Richard Jencks, |
William Nobbs (?) John Bampton.
313
WILTSHIRE NEWSPAPERS—PAST AND PRESENT
(Continued. }
PART V. NEWSPAPERS OF NORTH WILTS. “THE
NORTH WILTS HERALD.”
By J. J. Suave, F.J.I.
In the early days of the nineteenth century, when Swindon was little
more than a village, with a population well under two thousand, there would
not be any idea of publishing a newspaper there. The building of the Great
Western Railway, with Swindon as one of its important provincial centres,
and the consequent growth of the new town at the bottom of the hill, led
to its development between 1840 and 1860; but even so it was content to
be served, for its news, by papers printed and published in neighbouring
towns, until the era of the cheap press.
As already described (in Part II. of these articles), the Sewzndon Advertiser
was founded by Mr. William Morris at the beginning of 1854. In June,
1861, appeared the second paper, the North Wilts Herald. It was started
by a small company—in these days perhaps we should say syndicate—
consisting mainly of members of the Conservative party. The Advertiser
wasa strong Liberal paper, and the other party no doubt felt it was necessary
to be represented by a journal of a more definitely local character than those
which were published in more or less distant towns. The Herald, however,
claimed to be “independent” Conservative, even (as appears in the address
quoted below) “ Liberally-Conservative or Conservatively-Liberal,” and
when it later established its agency at Cirencester, where the Conservative
cause was already ably represented in journalism, it justified its entry on
the ground that it was “independent.” So long as it retained a distinct.
political complexion it was of Conservative hue, but for many years now it
has been neutral. Apart from political expediency there was an immediate
cause for its appearance, which it is of interest to place on record. There
was an occasion when Coate Reservoir was covered with ice to a thickness.
of five or six inches, for weeks on end, and sheep were roasted whole upon
the ice, The Advertiser vigorously attacked the practice, and the promoters
of the pastime, and referred to men and women devouring raw meat like
cannibals. It is not likely that this by itself would bring about the starting
of a rival newspaper, but the resentment it caused in quarters which were
already restive under the undisputed regime of the Advertiser no doubt
helped to crystallize and to bring to the stage of definite action the desire
which was existing in a diffused form, to have a journal with a different
outlook.
1 For previous Parts see Wilts Arch. Mag., xl., pp. 37—74, 129—141, 318
—351; xli., pp. 53—69, 479—501 ; xlii., 231—241.
314 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
The first number of the North Wilts Herald was issued dated Saturday,
June 22nd, 1861, and its introductory address, or prospectus, stated its
object thus :—
“The object of the North Wilts Herald is to supply a desideratum
long felt in the district—an efficient advertising medium and a full and
impartial chronicle of local news. ‘To fulfil this object no pains or
expense will be spared, and the constant aim of the directors will be
to make their journal in all respects a first-class county newspaper.
“In order to this, while the general and political affairs of the day
will not be neglected, a full and compendious summary being given
each week, especial care will be devoted to news of the district.
Circulating as it will in an important agricultural district, the North
Wilts Herald will pay particular attention to all matters of interest to
the farmer. The local markets and agricultural meetings of all kinds
will be fully and accurately reported. In politics the North Wilts
Herald will advocate those principles which have raised our country to
her present glorious position among the nations of the earth—the
admired and ardent freedom which is the best guarantee for the rights
and privileges of the Crown, the nobility, and the people. Believing,
as they do, that the safety and well-being of England are inseparably
connected with the progress of civilisation, religion, and freedom in
the world, the directors will advocate the strenuous maintenance of our
national defences by sea and land as the first duty of every loyal
Englishman. ‘The great movement of the present time, the armament
of the nation, has their warmest sympathies, and whatever is calculated
to interest our gallant volunteers or to promote their patriotic purposes
will have at all times their earnest attention.
‘* Firmly attached to the Protestant faith as it was settled in this
country in the sixteenth century, the North Wilts Herald will give
prominence to records of all those movements which have for their |
object the dissemination of its truths either at home or abroad.
Meetings of religious and philanthropic societies, efforts in the way of
church building or church restoration, the extension of popular educa-
tion, etc., will be fully supported and their objects earnestly advocated.
‘* Correspondence of local or general interest will be freely admitted,
with the proviso that all anonymous communications will be destroyed
and on the distinct understanding that all personalities are avoided.
Writers in the North Wilts Herald are requested to bear in mind—and
it is hoped that readers of its leading articles will always find them
written in accordance with the principle—that the firmest adherence
to our opinions is quite compatible with deferential courtesy towards
those who differ from us.”
The article went on to promise that offensive details of police proceedings
and indelicate medical announcements should be excluded. It concluded:—
““ With this brief exposition of its aims and principles the Directors
of the North Wilts Herald submit it to the criticism of the public.
Mindful that it is not in mortals to command success, they will ever be
assiduous in their endeavour to do what is even better—to deserve it.”
By J. J. Slade. 315
The leading article claimed that the paper was independent, free from
trammels of party, but yet not ashamed or afraid to take a decided tone
upon great public questions. It was “Conservatively-Liberal and Liberally-
Conservative.” ‘* We trust to represent the views of that large portion of
Middle-Class English society which dreads extremes and pursues practical
rather than sentimental objects.”
The imprint stated that the paper was “printed for the North Wilts
Herald, or Swindon, Cricklade, Highworth, and Wotton Bassett Courier
Company, Limited, by Alfred Bull, of Victoria Road, Swindon, at the
printing office of the said Company in Devizes Road, Swindon, aforesaid.”
It was an 8-page paper; six columns to the page ; columns 22in. in length.
The contents of its inside pages show that it was not wholly “ composed”
in the office. As explained in previous articles, this was the case with
most of the papers founded in the fifties and sixties of the nineteenth
century. In course of time, however, the local matter demanded, and
obtained, more and more of the space. There is nothing particular to say
of the contents or “make-up” of the paper, but it may be remarked that
the advertisements, which at first were somewhat ‘‘ shy,” showed a steady
increase.
The Herald did not remain in the hands of the original proprietors for
long. On May 20th, 1865, readers and correspondents were notified in its
columns that it had been transferred to Mr. J. H. Piper, and a prompt
settlement of outstanding accounts was asked for, payment to be made
either to him or to Mr. William Frampton. ‘This notice was continued
weekly until July 15th, when the imprint for the first time was altered to :—
“Printed by the proprietor, Joshua Henry Piper, at his steam printing
establishment in Devizes Street, Swindon, and published by the same
Joshua Henry Piper at his office in Wood Street, Swindon, aforesaid.”
It will be seen that there was an interval of nearly two months before,
| apparently, the transfer was completed. During this interval was fought
_a Parliamentary election which is somewhat historic in the political history
of North Wilts, when the candidates were Lord Charles Bruce, Sir George
| Jenkinson, and Mr. Rk. P. Long. It may be that the original proprietors of
' the Herald wished to continue the control of their “organ” at so critical a
time for party reasons, or it may be that they did not wish to lose the
_ handsome revenue which accrued to newspapers in those days from Parlia-
mentary election contests; or both reasons may have operated. ‘This is
all assumption, but the coincidence of a two months’ apparent transition
_ stage with the political campaigning is significant, and it seems to justify
an attempt at explanation.
| Mr. Joshua Piper, the new proprietor of the Herald, was a young
| journalist—he was then under thirty years of age—who came from the
West. He was on the literary staff of the Devon and Exeter Gazette, and
had, we believe, previously purchased a small paper at Newton Abbott.
He had a brother, Walter James Piper, also a journalist, who was trained
|on the Western Morning News, at Plymouth, and (long surviving Joshua)
died a few years ago after nearly forty years’ editorship of the Derby Datly
| Lelegraph.
| Mr. Joshua Piper’s advent to the Herald marked the beginning of a series
316 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
of developments of the paper, some of which are indicated in the numerous
changes made in its titles in the course of the next ten or twelve years. As
these changes followed each other with short intervals, the least perplexing
method is to transcribe the successive titles categorically in order of date :—
“North Wilts Herald, or Swindon, Cricklade, Highworth, and Wootton
Bassett Courier.”—June 22nd, 1861.
“ North Wilts Herald, East Gloucestershire Reporter, and Vale of White
Horse Gazette.”— January 4th, 1862.
“North Wilts Herald, East Gloucestershire and Vale of White Horse
Reporter.”— March 22nd, 1862.
“North Wilts Herald, East Gloucestershire, Vale of White Horse and
Cotswold Reporter, Swindon and Cirencester Mercury, Chippenham
Chronicle, Malmesbury Gazette, and West of England Advertiser.”—October
14th, 1865. This was a month or two after Mr. Piper had assumed control.
“North Wilts Herald, East Gloucestershire, Vale of White Horse and
Cotswold Reporter, Swindon and Cirencester Mercury, Chippenham
Chronicle, Malmesbury Gazette, Cricklade Courier, and West of England
Advertiser.”—December 30th, 1865.
On December 8th, 1866, the titles were supplemented by the statement
that the Berkshire Times and Faringdon Free Press, which was established
in 1860, was amalgamated with the Herald.
“North Wilts Herald, East Gloucestershire, Berkshire, and West of
England Advertiser, Swindon and Cirencester Mercury” (with the state-
ment as to the amalgamation of the Berkshire Times).—April 17th, 1869.
On October 2nd, 1875, another amalgamation was announced, that of
the Cirencester Times, which was established in 1856, and that statement
joined the Berkshire one as part of the heading of the paper.
“North Wilts Herald, Cirencester Times, East Gloucestershire and
Berkshire Advertiser’ (with the two amalgamated papers).—October 11th,
1875.
On July 6th, 1878, it was announced that the Calne Chronicle and
Chippenham Times had disposed of its copyright to the Herald, and this |
also was added to the heading. Subsequently the names of the amalgamated |
journals were omitted, and the paper settled down to ‘‘ North Wilts Herald,
Cirencester Times, East Gloucestershire and Berkshire Advertiser,” until
its recent transfer to other proprietorship, when coincidently with sundry |
changes in its format, etc., it reverted to something like its former style |
—‘‘North Wilts Herald, Cirencester Times, East Gloucestershire and
Berkshire Advertiser, Marlborough Mercury, Berkshire Times, Chippenham
Times, Malmesbury Gazette.”
It will be seen that in the course of twelve years (1866—1878) the Herald |
absorbed three small local papers, which had been started in that period |
when favourable circumstances led to much activity in such ventures: one |”
of these was in the county of Wilts, and the others were over the Berkshire |
and Gloucestershire borders, near to which Swindon is situated. The |
absorption of the Cirencester Tumes in 1875 had been preceded immediately | ~
Mr. Piper took over the paper, by local publication in the town. The |
Herald “made its bow,” as it termed it, to the public of Cirencester and |
East Gloucestershire when the title was enlarged in October, 1865, and it | j
By J. J. Slade. Dl
announced its intention of appearing in that neighbourhood “hebdomanally”
—or in more ordinary language, weekly. “'‘I'he want of an independent
Conservative journal [said the proprietor] has long been felt in the Cirencester
district, and at the suggestion and invitation of many friends we come
forward to supply the want. We disclaim anything like opposition to
others ; we simply adopt the legitimate practice of honourable competition.”
The imprint was enlarged by the statement that the paper was “‘ simul-
taneously published by Edwin Bailey at his residence situated and being
in the Market Place in the parish and borough of Cirencester in the county
of Gloucester.” This was only a branch or district office, and its history
may be completed at once. ‘he local publisher was soon changed to Charles
Henry Savory, of St. John’s Street. Reference to the Cirencester office
dropped out at the end of 1874, but it re appeared in the following October,
with the amalgamation of the local 7imes, when the Times oftice became
the Cirencester office of the Herald, with Henry George Keyworth and
Edward Everard as local publishers aud agents.
In the course of time the Herald imprint had several changes, but they
were not of much significance. The name of the Cirencester office was
presently again omitted. he printing office was transferred from Devizes
Street to Bath Terrace (Bath Road), and to Bath Road also was transferred
the publishing office from Wood Street, these two changes being in the
early seventies and early eighties respectively. What happened was, that
the printing works fronting Devizes Road were connected with premises
fronting on Bath Road and presently the publishing was brought from Wood
Street, which which is a continuation of Bath Road, to the Bath Road office,
adjoining the residence of the proprietor. It was a process of concentration
rather than of alteration.
The Herald did not long continue at the price of 3d. It was a
hazardous price for a new newspaper to start at, seeing that the Advertiser
had been published at a penny since 1854. ‘The originators no doubt
relied upon the larger size of the Herald (eight pages against the Advertiser’s
four) ; also, perhaps, on the fact that they looked for the support of the
well-to-do classes. But at the beginning of the year 1864, while the original
proprietary were still owning the paper, it was announced :—
“The success which the North Wilts Herald has achieved has
stimulated its directors to make fresh efforts to render it worthy of
the high place of being the leading paper of the fertile and extensive
district in which it is published. With this view many new and we
hope interesting features have already been introduced, and in the
course of the year just commenced we hope to be able to carry out the
plan of a classification we have laid down which will enable the North
Wilts Herald favourably to compare with the highest class provincial
papers in the United Kingdom. This week the Herald is published
at the reduced price of 2d. unstamped and 3d. stamped. ‘This will
enable us to meet the views of many friends who reside in out-of-the-
way localities.”
The price of 2d. continued for six years, and then the Herald was reduced
to the popular level—a penny. ‘“‘ We need hardly say [said the management
318 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present,
in announcing it on the 1st January, 1870] this course will involve the
sacrifice of revenue for the time, but we feel confident the public appreciation
of the course we have taken will eventually recoup whatever pecuniary
outlay we may incur.” When the new price had been in operation for
twelve months it was announced that the circulation was six thousand
weekly. It was found necessary to partly meet the increased cost of pro-
duction due to the war by increasing the price. In March, 1917, it was
raised to 1$d., and later there was a further advance to 2d., at which figure
it remains.
Like all newspapers, the Herald adapted itself to changing conditions by
increasing size as well as by reducing price. On January 3rd, 1881, ‘‘ to
enable it to do more justice to the news of its enlarged area,” a column was
added to each page, making 7-column pages instead of 6-column. The
circulation, it was claimed, had now entered upon its tenth thousand. The
story of enlargements may be completed at once, by stating that on Sept.
9th, 1892, the pages were made 8-columned, and on May 12th, 1922, the
number of pages was increased to twelve. In the course of years the length
of the columns was increased from time to time, and until lately they were
nearly 25 inches. But under the new proprietary (see below) there has been
further change. The Herald now consists of sixteen pages; the page is of
seven columns instead of eight, and the length of the column is reduced to
223 inches. (This review of the alterations in size does not take account of
the “war size”; shortage of paper supplies compelled the Herald, like
most other newspapers, to reduce, temporarily, to six pages.)
Without going into minute details of production, it should be said that
under the management of Mr. H. D. Piper the Herald office was always well
equipped. ‘The paper was printed on a flat bed machine until comparatively
recent years, when a rotary machine was installed. ‘The establishment was
also provided with electric light before that illuminant came into general use.
The history of the paper may be brought to a close with a record of the
later changes in proprietorship. On June 16th, 1885, Mr. Joshua Piper
died suddenly at the age of 48. Thenceforward the Herald was declared
to be “ printed and published for the proprietor by Henry D. Piper at
the North Wilts Herald steam printing works, Swindon”—this until
October 30th of the same year, when “ Annie Piper” was named as the
proprietor. In later years Mrs. Piper’s (widow of Mr. Joshua Piper) name
has been omitted, and Mr. Henry Drew Piper’s (the son) alone given. On
November Ist, 1922, the property passed from the Piper family, after being
with them for nearly fifty-eight years, the transference being to The
Swindon Press, Ltd. This is a company, or syndicate, of which Sir Charles
Starmer, who has other newspapers under his control in London and the
provinces, is the head. ‘Two or three years earlier it had purchased the
Swindon Advertiser, and both the Swindon papers are under the one
control.
The North Wilts Herald had two off-shoots. At the end of 1865 it began
publication of a Market Edition—four pages, at the price of a penny. This
was made up chiefly of a selection from the news im the paper of the pre-
ceeding week, with late market news added, and was published for the
market on Monday. In 1881 it was reduced to the size of a small supplement
(
|
|
|
|
By J. J. Slade. 319
confined to the latest news, and after a few months in this form it was
discontinued altogether.
The Hvemng North Wilts Herald appeared on October 2nd, 1882, as a
four-page paper priced at a half-penny. ‘The size of the pages varied from
time to time, but the number never exceeded four and the price never
exceeded a half-penny, even in the war years. On the business passing to
the new ownership in November, 1922, it was decided to confine the daily
edition to the Advertiser, and the Hvening Herald was last published on
November 23rd of that year.
OTHER SWINDON PAPERS.
Two other Swindon papers may be briefly noted—the Mew Swindon
Express and the Borough Press.
The New Swindon Kupress—Chronicle for the Borough and Hundred of
Cricklade began publication on May 13th, 1876. It was printed and pub-
lished by Edward Charles Morgan for the New Swindon Express Printing
and Publishing Co., Ltd., at 30, Bridge Street, New Swindon. It had eight
pages, six columns to the page, length of columns 20fin.; price ld. Atthe
beginning of 1880 it was printed and published by Thomas Melbourne at
his printing works, 57, Bridge Street, and a couple of months later it ceased
to appear, the last number being for February 28th, 1880.
The Borough Press was a Saturday evening sheet, published in the in-
- terests of football, in the football season. It first appeared in 1904,
consisting of eight pages of four columns, 13in. in length. It was printed
and published by 'T. C. Newman at Eastcott Hill, Swindon, and sold for a
half-penny. It changed its form in course of time, being issued with fewer
but larger pages. ‘The relinquishment of football in the war period led to
the suspension of the Borough Press in the spring of 1915, but with the
resumption of the sport it re-appeared and is still published.
OTHER DEVIZES NEWSPAPERS.
The Independent, as already recorded, first appeared on November 24th,
1836, the avowed object of its promoters being to provide an organ of
Liberal opinion in that part of the county. But there was already being
published a paper which professed to be this. In August, 1835, a pros-
pectus was issued informing the Inhabitants of North Wilts, and the public
generally, that “the first number of the Bath and Devizes Guardian, a
newspaper uniting the interests of the counties of Somerset and Wilts, and
devoted to the support of Liberal principles will appear on Saturday next,
and every succeeding week. Men of Business, Farmers, and others, will
find the Bath and Devizes Guardian a most convenient vehicle for adver-
tisements, having attained a circulation beyond that of many of the older
papers.” The proclamation of principles and ideals which followed under
the heading “To the Reformers of Wiltshire,” was verbose, and it is
sufficient to quote the beginning and the end :—“‘ Many friends of reform
in Wilts, particularly in the northern part of the county, have lamented
that it possesses no newspaper devoted to the support of Liberal principles.
320 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
The removal of the Assize to Devizes, for the first time this week, at the
distance of only 19 miles from Bath, and the additional importance attached
to the town by this measure have induced some friends of the Bath
Guardian in Wiltshire to suggest to the Proprietors of that paper the
attaching to it a second local interest, so that it shall become a vehicle for
the doctrines of Reform in Two counties instead ofonE. . . . Itis with
these imperfect and loosely expressed ideas that the Bath and Devizes
Guardian takes its place in Wilts. ‘The paper is not a new one in the city
of its birth, and may be referred to without fear for its past political con-
duct, and the promise given that, as the past has been so shall be the
future.”
The Guardian was printed and published by Thomas Corbould, at No.
13, Northgate Street, Bath, his place of residence being 28, Walcot Street,
in that city. It was a 4-page paper, 6 columns to a page, length of column
23 inches. (As the Bath Herald is now published from the same, or about
the same, address in Bath, it is well to mention that there is no connection
between the two papers.) ‘he Devizes agent was stated to be Mr. Randell
[should be Randle], and as to price: ‘‘ Publicans and Innkeepers are only
charged Sixpence for this Paper, when ordered by post ;” but the price to
other people was 7d. The preferential rate for publicans no doubt was to
induce them to lay the paper on their tables for the benefit of their
customers, and so help to make it known. On September 17th, 1836, the
price dropped to 4d.
The first issue of the Guardian in its two-county form was on August
22nd, 1835, the number being No. 82 of the paper. It may therefore be
assumed that the Bath Guardian (only) first appeared about the beginning
of 1834. It did not long survive (at all events as a professed Wiltshire
newspaper) the vigorous competition of the locally produced Jndependent,
dropping out after some eighty-seven issues, five months after the
appearance of its rival. It would seem that the withdrawal coincided with |
a change of ownership, for at that date (April 29th, 1837) the Guardian, |
although it continued to be published at 13, Northgate Street, showed its
printer and publisher to be William Henry Millard, whose place of residence
was 10, Albion Place, Walcot (Bath).
In 1869-70 another Devizes newspaper, the Devizes Herald and North
Wilts Intelligencer, was in the field for a few months. It was quite a local
production, the proprietor-publisher being Stephen Thomas Brampton, a
printer carrying on business at No. 36, Market Place, Devizes, whence from
1839 to 1862, the Jndependent had been published (see Part IV.). It was a
penny paper; four pages ; seven columns to a page; length of column 223in.
It was Conservative in politics, and the editorial introduction began :—“ In
laying before the public of Devizes and North Wiltshire generally, our plans
for future operations, it is necessary for the proper appreciation of our views
and motives that we should clearly and distinctly mark out our line of
conduct both politically and socially. In the first place our political views
may be broadly stated as Conservative ; and while according to that party
the support which is due from its organs of every class, we do not consider
it consistent either with our dignity or prosperity to uphold crude or ill-
advised measures solely on party grounds,” &c., dec.
By J. J. Slade. 321
The first number of the Herald was dated September 2nd, 1869, so that
there were for a time four newspapers appearing in Devizes—the Gazette,
the Independent, the Advertiser, the Herald. Brampton no doubt thought
that there was room for a cheaper Conservative paper than the Gazette,
which was then priced at 3d. and so continued for another ten years. He
was disappointed ; his enterprise was financially a failure; after thirty
numbers publication ceased—on March 24th, 1870. In the following rhyme,
composed by himself, he wrote what may be described as an epitaph for
the Herald :—
‘Of all the fools that ever lived
"Twixt ’Vize and Etchilhampton,
The biggest fool of all the lot
Was Stephen Thomas Brampton.”
The survey of Devizes publications concludes with a mention of The
Magpie, which had so brief an existence as to be almost a phantom. It
appeared on Saturday, April 11th, 1885, and the following Saturday ; then
it died—practically still-born. It was an 8-page production, 84in. by ‘in.,
and was of the very “personal” style which characterised other M/agpies
appearing about that time. It was the feeling caused by some of its personal
paragraphs which (at least, so it was understood) caused its sudden demise.
The printer was A. J. Offer, 107, New Park Street.
OTHER TROWBRIDGE NEWSPAPERS.
The Wiltshire Times (originally The Trowbridge and North Wilts Adver-
tiser) and some other Trowbridge newspapers were dealt with in Part L.,
and Mr. George Lansdown has enabled the writer to complete the record
for that town by contributing the following notes on two ephemeral
publications :—
“ The Trowbridge Times, a local paper for Trowbridge, Melksham, Brad-
ford, and Westbury, and Charles Knight’s Town and Country Newspaper ”
is the title of a newspaper the first number of which was published on
Saturday, June 9th, 1855, price 2d., by J. Diplock at his printing office in
the Conigre and at his residence in Fore Street, Trowbridge. It consists
of 16 pages about foolscap folio, the front page containing a few local ad-
vertisements and markets, and the last page a railway time table (Wilts
and Somerset Branch) and a few paragraphs of local intelligence. All the
other matter is general. How many issues were published I cannot tell ;
but I do not think there were many weekly issues, and the copy I have is
the only one I have ever seen.
The Trowbridge Gazette and Bradford Miscellany, price 1d., was printed
and published by Samuel Wilkins, of the Market Place, Trowbridge. The
only copy I have is dated November Ist, 1856, and on the title is “ No. 24
(and last).” It consisted of eight pages, foolscap folio ; the first, seventh,
and eighth pages contain local advertisements, and the other pages are full
of general matter. With the exception of the local time table there is
absolutely no local news in it, but the following paragraph is of interest :—
“Died at Trowbridge November Ist, 1856, aged 24 months, and deeply
322 Wiltshire Newspapers— Past and Present.
regretted by a large circle of subscribers, The Trowbridge Gazetteand Brad-
ford Miscellany, which during a period of great prosperity had won for
itself a welcome in the homes of all classes.”
CALNE AND CHIPPENHAM.
Chippenham has never had a newspaper of its own. Reasons for this —
can be only suggested, seeing that in size and population Chippenham is
well in line with other Wiltshire towns. It may be because Chippenham
has not at any time been in any way the county headquarters. The other
towns where newspapers have been maintained are, or have been, used for
the transaction of county business—quarter sessions, county council, or
assize. ‘The coincidence may be a coincidence merely, or it may be that
official status in the publishing headquarters is an asset which a news-
paper needs. Another possible reason is, that Chippenham is too well
served by newspapers published in neighbouring places to leave room for
an indigenous production. .
On the other hand Calne, considerably smaller than Chippenham in size
and population, and similar to Chippenham in the other respects just noted,
has seen two attempts at newspaper enterprise. Neither was successful.
The two newspapers locally produced were the Calne Chronicle and
Chippenham Times, and the Calne and Chippenham Express.
The Times was started on March 29th, 1876, and ceased to be issued on
April 4th, 1878, its copyright being absorbed in the North Wilts Herald.
It was printed and published by Mr. Alfred Heath, at his printing office,
Market Place, Calne, and claimed to circulate in Avebury, Beckhampton,
Bremhill, Blackland, Badminton, Calstone, Cherhill, Compton Bassett,
Corsham, Castle Combe, Derry Hill, Heddington, Hilmarton, Hullavington,
Kington St. Michael, Lyneham, Lacock, Quemerford, Sandy Lane, Studley, |
Stanley, Sutton Benger, Yatton Keynell, Yatesbury, “etc.” It was an 8- |
page sheet, five columns to the page, length of column 18 inches. It was |
mostly filled with general news supplied from London. The price was a
penny.
The Lxpress first appeared on Thursday, December 13th, 1906. It was
larger than its predecessor, there being six columns to the page (eight in
number) and the column 20 inches in length. The price was a penny. It
was, in news and advertisements, more of a local production than the
Times ; but it, also, depended to a considerable extent on matter supplied
from London, either in the printed sheet (probably) or stereotype. The
printer and publisher was William George Dobson, of 6, The Square. We
have not the exact date of its demise, but it lasted only a few months.
Another issue with the name of Calne embodied in its title was the
Calne Graphic—that is the title on the number before us (No. 7, published
November 11th, 1910, price 1d.) ; but as other Wiltshire towns figure under
separate headings in the 16 pages (144 inches by 94 inches) it is possible
that the Graphic appeared in other places also. It was printed at Bristol
for a Southampton proprietor, and the few illustrations (implied in the
name) were of Bristol, except for a couple of Wiltshire of an advertising
By J. J. Slade. 323
character. The news was scrappy. It could not have had more than a
brief existence.
Although Chippenham has not attempted a newspaper of its own there
have been localised editions of papers published elsewhere with adaptations
of title to give them local colour. The North Wilts Guardian was first pub-
lished in Chippenham on November 29th, 1873. It was a Wiltshire edition
of the Bath Herald ; and its form and general appearance coincided with
that paper’s, and some of the matter was common to both, but it contained
a good proportion of news of Chippenham and the district adjacent. It
continued until March 22nd, 1918, when the famine in paper due to the
war necessitated its abandonment ; its office in High Street was given up
and it has not been resumed.
The Bath Chronicle also published a localised edition, the Chippenham
Chronicle. Its birth about coincided with the decease of the Calne
Chronicle and Chippenham Times, and it ran for two or three years only.
There was, further, a local production—one can hardly term it a newspaper
—issued circa 1895-98, entitled The Chippenham Spice Box. It was a
monthly publication with a gratis distribution of 5000 copies; demy size,
eleven pages of news, tales, sketches, etc., and five pages of advertisements.
Mr. J. R. Singer, a Chippenham tradesman, was responsible for its ap-
pearance.
It will be seen that all these Calne or Chippenham papers were ephemeral,
with the exception of the Gwardzan, and none of them developed into a
newspaper of the type of those which have been hitherto described in the
articles referring to North Wilts, although in Mrs. Richardson’s narrative
relating to South Wilts there are one or two ventures resembling them in
gome ways. The papers which serve the two towns and the adjacent dis-
_tricts are published at Devizes, Trowbridge, and Swindon, and circulate
under their general titles.
_ [Addendum :—NSince the above has been in type there has come to hand
a leaflet issued by “ R. C. Ferris, Singer Sewing Machine Depét, 30 Market
Place, Chippenham,” announcing the forthcoming issue of The Chippenham
Herald and Calne and Malmesbury and West Wilts Hupress. He wrote
that the publication was intended to remove the anomaly of Chippenham
being without “a paper of its own.” No date appears on the leaflet and
| whether the paper ever made its appearance I do not know—nor is there
time to ascertain, as this article is on the point of going to press. But in
“any case it was of no consequence.—J. J. 8. ].
MISCELLANEOUS.
i
1
-| Underthis head may be placed a number of publications which were no
newspapers yet were not magazines, being like newspapers in that they
_iwere records.
| Priority should be given to four well-conducted and useful ecclesiastical
shronicles. The oldest of these is the Morth Wilts Church Magazine,
which dates from January, 1868; it covers a large area of the Wiltshire
vortion of the diocese of Salisbury. Next in order of date is the Salisbury
324 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
Diocesan Gazette, which was established, by resolution of the Salisbury
Diocesan Synod, in March, 1888, Third, the Bristol Diocesan Magazine
(1898—1921), enlarged in 1922 under the title of the Bristol Diocesan Review.
Fourth, the South Wilts Church Magazine, which is much younger than
the similar publication for North Wilts, the number of its issue at the time
this article is written (August, 1923) being 296. Assuming there has been
no break of continuity this makes the date of its commencement January,
1899. Theseare all being published to-day, and with them may be coupled
the two Diocesan Almanacks or Directories. The Sarum Almanack and
Diocesan Kalendar is now in its 67th year. The Bristol Diocesan Directory,
like the Magazine, was first published in 1898.
The other publications include:—7he Mines, the regimental journal of
the 2nd Battalion of the Wiltshire Regiment (old 99th Regiment of the Line);
we have not the date of its institution, but it expired after the battalion
left for South Africa in the South African War and was not revived.
No. 22 was published in 1892, and No. 39 on Feb. 15th, 1894. The Moonraker,
another military record, a few numbers of which were got out by the 7th
(Service) Battalion of the Wiltshire Regiment in the Great European War,
while it was with the forces based upon Salonika. Two or three localized
magazines (for want of a better word) were circulated by the Liberal Party —
for propaganda purposes, chiefly at general elections, under such titles as |
Liberal Monthly, Wiltshire Leader, and Elector. It is not necessary to _
describe these in detail.
Mr. W. A. Webb, who makes a study of old newspapers, has drawn the |
attention of the writer to the sources of information for Wiltshire news in |
other than Wiltshire newspapers. Particularly he refers to the Gloucester |
Journal, which last year commenced the third century of its existence; it |
contained not only news from North Wilts but also advertisements from that |
district. (Read’s) Weekly Journal or British Gazetteer, the London Journal, —
the British Journal, and Keene’s Bath Journal are also in his list, which |
probably could be extended by the inclusion of such papers as the Reading
Mercury and the early Bristol newspapers, also the Gentleman's Magazne.
The Wiltshire news in these papers grew less and less after the first half of |
the 18th century, some explanation of which may be found in the establish- |
ment of the Salisbury Journal in 1738. - It is well to have these facts noted |
as supplementary to the articles on Wiltshire Newspapers; but it would |
be going beyond our scope to enlarge upon them. ‘The papers named gave |
Wiltshire news but were not Wiltshire newspapers. !
325
THE SOURCE OF THE FOREIGN STONES OF
STONEHENGE?
By Herpert H. Tuomas, M.A., ScD.,
Petrographer to H.M. Geological Survey.
[By kind permission of the author and of the Society of Antiquaries I
am enabled to reprint here the greater portion of the paper which appeared
in the Antequaries’ Journal, July, 1923, vol. iil., pp. 2839—260, with the
illustrations that accompanied it.—Ep1Tor].
Tn considering the so-called “ Blue Stones” or Foreign Stones of Stone-
henge we find ourselves confronted with a copious and somewhat conflicting
literature. This literature divides itself into two categories ; one more or
less exact, being descriptive of the stones themselves, the other speculative
and dealing with the sources of the stones and their manner of transport
to the Plain.
The igneous character of the stones other than the “altar-stone” was
claimed early in the nineteenth century, and macroscopic descriptions of a
general nature were published from time to time. As petrology became a
more exact science, owing to the precision added to the identification of
rock-structures and minerals by the use of the microscope, descriptions
more detailed and of more value for comparative purposes began to appear.
We have in the writings of Professor Story Maskelyne, Sir Jethro Teall,
and Professor Judd adequate descriptions of the microscopic characters of
the stones themselves, as also of abundant fragments found in the soil.
The first really scientific descriptions with correct naming were given by
Maskelyne in 1878 ;? followed by Mr. Thomas Davies and Sir Jethro Teall,
who described fragments collected by the late William Cunnington ; and
still later by Professor Judd, writing in conjunction with the late William
Gowland.?
The Foreign Stones remaining within the area of Stonehenge are thirty-
four in number, and may be grouped as follows :—dolerites 29, rhyolites
1In the Antiquaries’ Journal the title of the paper is “ The Source of the
Stones of Stonehenge,” and three introductory pages, not here reprinted,
describe the structure and deal with the Sarsens.
* Stonehenge, “The Petrology of the Stones,” Wilts Arch. and Nat.
Hist. Mag., vol. xvii., p. 147 ; W. Cunnington, Stonehenge Notes :—‘‘ The
Fragments,” Wilts. Arch. and Nat. Hist. Mag., vol. xxi., p. 141; “ Notes
on Sections of Stonehenge Rocks belonging to Mr. W. Cunnington,” Weolts
Arch. and Nat. Hist. Mag., vol. xxvii., p. 60.
3 J. W. Judd, ‘* Note on the Nature and Origin of the Rock-fragments
found in the excavations made at Stonehenge by Mr. Gowland in 1901,”
Archzologia, vol. |viii., p. 70.
VOL. XLII—NO. CXXXIX. Z
326 The Source of the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge,
4, and sandstone 1 (altar-stone). These are respectively shown on the
accompanying plan (fig. 1) as full-black, lined, and stippled. It is only
10 5S oO 10 20 30 40 50 feet
IS ee SN le
Plan of Stonehenge showing the “ Foreign Stones” or “ Blue Stones”
black or shaded.
necessary here to refer to characters that are of specific importance and
to amplify or correct previous descriptions where needful.
The Dolerttes or Diabases are compact moderately coarsely crystalline
igneous rocks of blue-green to greenish-grey colour in the hand-specimen.
Descriptions given by Maskelyne, and based upon the microscopic exami-
nation of small chips taken directly from the stones, might convey to the |
reader the impression that several distinct varieties of rock, and possibly |
a multiplicity of source, are indicated. Some slight variation in texture
By Herbert H. Thomas. 327
and in the relative proportions of constituent minerals is certainly met with,
but such variation is no more than occurs normally in many single rock-
masses of doleritic nature. ‘There are, however, two unifying characters
that link all these doleritic rocks together and point to a single source of
origin. The first is the albitized condition of the dominant felspar, and
the second is the occurrence in all the stones of white or pinkish felspathic
spots of all sizes from that of a pea to that of a walnut. These spots are
composed of irregular crystals and crystal-groups of oligoclase-albite felspar,
and are often so widely spaced in the rock that there is every possibility of
their being unrepresented in a micro-section. ‘This common and most
valuable characteristic of the Stonehenge dolerites appears to have escaped
the notice of previous observers or, if noticed, was deemed of no specific
value for determinative or comparative purposes.
The Rhyolites (38, 40, 46, and 48 of Plan), known to earlier writers as
““Hornstone” (Sowerby), “Compact Felspar” of Mac Culloch (Phillips),
Felsite, and Felstone, are obviously masses of siliceous volcanic rock (lava),
and, as pointed out by Maskelyne, present the characteristic fluxion-structure
as well as the fragmental and brecciated character of rocks of this class.
The rocks are flinty and dark grey, with a delicate fluxion-banding in the
form of narrow frequent parallel lines. On a freshly broken surface they
exhibit a microcrystalline appearance, and the fluxion-banding is less easy
to observe.
In these rocks also the felspars when present are of the kind rich in
soda (albite and albite-oligoclase). An excellent description of these stones
was given by Judd! in 1903.
The altar-stone (micaceous sandstone) is a fine-grained, pale sage-green,
- micaceous sandstone with a partly calcareous and partly siliceous cement.
_ In the hand-specimen, the mica shows as bright spangles on the divisional
planes along which the rock will split. In thin sections the rock is seen to
_ be composed of finely angular chips of quartz, flakes of muscovite, abundant
_ greenish chlorite, and a green mineral that suggests glauconite, in a fine-
_ textured calcareo-siliceous matrix.
As the rock is unique, in so far as it differs from all the other large
_ Foreign Stones of Stonehenge, it may be well to discuss its origin apart from
the others. Various sources of origin have been proposed, but there is little
doubt that it belongs to one of the Palaeozoic Systems. It was suggested
by Maskelyne that it came from the Old Red Sandstone of the Mendips,
but lithologically it matches most closely certain green micaceous beds in
the Old Red Sandstone of South Wales which have the additional and
_ somewhat rare character of being distinctly calcareous. Old Red Sandstone
deposits of this type occur in the Senni Beds? that reach a thickness of
about 1,000ft., and outcrop in an east and west direction throughout
1 Glamorganshire; also, as a higher group, known as the Cosheston Group,
_ tNote on the Nature and Origin of the Rock Fragments found in the
_ excavations made at Stonehenge by Mr. Gowland in 1901,” Wilts Arch.
| Mag., vol. xxxiii., p. 47.
| 2Geology of Merthyr Tydfil” (Mem. Geol. Surv.), 1904, pp. 8,9; also
“Geology of Ammanford ” (Mem. Geol. Surv.), 1907, pp. 58, 59.
Zz 2
|
|
)
328 The Source of the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge.
which occurs in Pembrokeshire and forms the northern shores of Milford
Haven, near Langwm, on the estuary of the River Cleddau.
In the hand-specimen it would be difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish
between certain members of the Senni Beds and those of the Cosheston
Group; and both are equally like the altar-stone. Microscopically the
structure and composition are similar.
It was found, however, that the Cosheston Beds! were extremely rich in
minute grains of garnet, most of which had crystal-form ; and in this respect
the beds differed from all other Palaeozoic sediments which had been
examined up to that time.
The heavy detrital residue obtained from the altar-stone is also exceedingly
rich in garnet of small dimensions, which occurs with the usual detrital
minerals, zircon, rutile, tourmaline, anatase. Garnet is the most abundant
of these accessory minerals, and occurs for the most part as angular pink
or colourless grains devoid of crystalline form. Thereare, however, frequent
instances to be noted of grains that show idiomorphic outline, and although
this feature is not so general as in the majority of specimens from the
Cosheston Beds hitherto examined, it isa likeness that cannot be disregarded.
Without a more complete knowledge of the petrography of the Old Red
Sandstone, and particularly of heavy residues furnished by the Senni Beds,
it would be unsafe to state dogmatically that the altar-stone was derived
from one or the other of the Old Red Sandstone divisions mentioned above.
From general considerations, however, the type of heavy residue and the
lithology of the rock as a whole are sufficient to make the identification of
the altar-stone with the Old Red Sandstone of South Wales almost a matter
of certainty.
The bearing of the proper identification of the source of the altar-stone
on the route taken by the transporters of the Stonehenge Foreign Stones
is considerable. If the source is in the Senni Beds the inference would be
that the stone was collected during an overland route through Glamorgan-
shire. If, on the other hand, the stones were derived from the Cosheston
Beds, on the shores of Milford Haven, it would tend to suggest that the
route of transport of the Prescelly stones to Stonehenge (p. 336) was by way
of Milford Haven and, therefore, probably in part by sea.
Sources of the Stonehenge Foreign Stones.
Previous Suggestions. The suggested sources of the Stonehenge Foreign
Stones have been numerous and widely spaced. Conybeare,? in 1833,
correctly styled the majority as “Greenstone,” which he stated must have ©
been brought from a distance, probably from Ireland. Sir Andrew Ramsay,
in 1858, was convinced that they did not resemble the igneous rocks of the
Charnwood Forest, and without asserting that they came from either Wales |
or Shropshire, he expressed the opinion that they were of the same nature
1“ Geology of Haverfordwest’ (Mem. Geol. Surv.), 1914, p. 122.
2 Rev. W. D. Conybeare, ‘“‘ Stonehenge illustrated by Geology,” Genile- |
men's Magazine, vol. ciil., pt. 2, 1833, p. 452.
a —— Tm =
ee
Pec eee
By Herbert H. Thomas, O29
as the igneus rocks of part of the Lower Silurian region of North Pembroke-
shire, of Carnarvonshire, and of the Llandeilo Flag district of Montgomery-
shire, etc., West of the Stiper Stones.! Charles Moore (1865) suggested
Wales, Shropshire, and the Mendips. Story Maskelyne, in 1878, clearly
states that his enquiry as to the source from which the stones were derived
was limited by the fact that at his time of writing there nowhere existed
an even approximately complete public collection of the rocks of Great
_ Britain. He therefore confined his attention primarily to the proper
designation of the stones; and although he mentioned certain districts
where somewhat similar rocks had been noted, he undoubtedly never in-
tended these localities to be regarded seriously as actual sources. Like
other observers that followed him, but to a greater extent, his comparative
work was naturally limited to those rocks which had come under his per-
sonal observation in the field, and to the necessarily incomplete collections
of the British Museum and Geological Survey of that date. Such general
comparisons as he made were with rocks from the Silurian and Cambrian
regions of North Wales and Cumberland. His comparison of one of the
Stonehenge dolerites with a rock from Costorphine near Edinburgh is
unfortunate, as the Costorphine igneous rocks are of an entirely different
character.
Sir Jethro Teall, in 1894, from an examination of a series of sections of
Stonehenge stones collected as fragments, was inclined to suggest a deri-
vation from Devon and Cornwall; but, like Professor Maskelyne, he in no
case claimed identity, merely expressing a general opinion that the ophitic
diabases, rhyolitic felsites and calcareous chlorite-schists belong to types
which are undoubtedly represented in the West of England. Our knowledge
of the West of England rock-types was then far in advance of that of the
minor igneous masses of the rest of England and Wales; and the albitic
character of the Stonehenge stones undoubtedly influenced Sir Jethro in
his comparisons with the rocks of the West of England. At that time it
was not realized that this character was not confined to the West of England
but extended over a wide Petrographical Province that included Wales and
the South of Ireland.’
The last important contribution to the petrology of Stonehenge was made
by Judd in 1903. He reviewed the sources suggested, and comparisons
made, by previous writers, but favoured no one in particular, and advanced
no alternatives.
During the last twenty years the work of the Geological Survey, as well
| as of numerous investigators, has vastly increased our knowledge of British
rocks, especially those of Wales and Scotland.
About the year 1906, when engaged on the Geological Survey of Car-
' marthenshire and Pembrokeshire, I was introduced to the subject of the
_ Stonehenge Foreign Stones by the late Mr. Edgar Barclay, who consulted
' 1 Andrew Ramsey, “ Geology of Parts of Wiltshire and Gloucestershire,”
(Sheet 34), Mem. Geol. Surv. (1858), p. 41—44.
_ See A. Harker, Presidential Address to the Geological Society on
_“Some Aspects of Igneous Action in Britain,” Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol.
| Ixxili. (1917), p. Lxvii.
)
330 The Source of the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge.
me as to the nature of several chips in his possession. At that time my
knowledge of the South Welsh igneous rocks was very incomplete, but I
was convinced from general considerations of a petrological nature, that the
actual source of many of the Stonehenge stones would he located in that
region. My tentative conclusions were incorporated in a brief account of
Stonehenge published by Mr. Barclay? about the year 1908. It must be
remembered, however, that until my visit to Stonehenge in 1920, I had not
seen the stones themselves, and thus, like other observers who had only
studied small fragments, was unaware of the unusual spotted character of
the doleritic rocks there represented.
Taking the various comparisons that have been made up to this time we
see that, although writers have pointed to similarities existing between the
Stonehenge stones and the rocks of diverse localities, in no case is identity
even hinted at. We are now ina position to state with more or less in-
sistence that no such identity is forthcoming with regard to the rocks of
Devon, Cornwall, the Welsh Borderland, North Wales, Cumberland, or
Scotland ; and concerning possibly similar rocks in Ireland I may quote a
letter from Mr. J. Hallisay, of the Geological Survey of Ireland, in which he
says, “I have been through our collection of rocks from the south-east of
Ireland, but have not been able to match your Stonehenge specimen. Our
diabases appear to be less coarse, and none of them have the large albite
crystals. I think itis safe to assume that the rock is not represented here,
since such a remarkable type could not well have have been missed.”
Sir Jethro Teall pointed out that we should seek some locality in which
the various types that form the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge occur in close
association. This condition is fulfilled in a remarkable manner by a region
in Northern Pembrokeshire where associated rock-types are met with
identical in the minutest detail with those of Stonehenge.
The Eonirolestine Source of the Foreign Stones.
The Prescelly Mountains form a linear elevated tract of country, with an
east-and-west extension of about seven miles. ‘They lie near the northern
coast of Pembrokeshire and form a most striking feature of the topography
on account of their barren character, their graceful outline, and their some- |
what abrupt emergence from the low plateau that occupies the major part |
of the county. They range, in their more elevated portions, from Crymmych |
Arms on the east to Rosebush on the west, and along their crests runs that |
most ancient of western ways now known as the Ffordd Flemming. The |
general plateau of the county, mainly well wooded, rises gradually from | ~
about 200 feet at the coast to 500 feet at the foot of the hills, while Prescelly |
Top, the highest crest of the range, reaches an altitude of 1,750 feet above |
sea level. The reason for their relative elevation is that they mark the |
outcrop of a series of igneous rocks (dolerite, rhyolite, etc.,) that are of a |~
much more durable nature than the soft palaeozoic sedimentary rocks that | _
1 Edgar Barclay, Stonehenge, 8vo. (undated), published by the St- |
Catherine Press, London (czrc. 1908). |
By Herbert H. Thomas. - 331
compose the surrounding regions, and have thus resisted to a greater extent
the action of denudation.
The outcrops of these igneous rocks conform to the general trend of the
range, and form, amongst others, the rocky prominences of Bedd Arthur,
Cerrig Marchogion, Carn Meini, Foel Trigarn, and Carn Alw.
The most notable and characteristic rock-masses of this region are of
two classes, namely, the dolerites or diabases of Cerrig Marchogion and
Carn Meini; and the flinty rhyolites and felsites of Foel Trigarn and Carn
Alw.
The former are certainly intrusive in character, while the rhyolitic rocks,
outcropping in an adjacent parallel, but slightly more northerly, ridge, are
of volcanic nature.
The dolerites (diabases) of the Prescelly Mountains all belong to the
same period of intrusion and exhibit in general certain petrographical
characters in common with many of the igneous rocks of the West British
Province—a, province that includes Devon and Cornwall, North and South
Wales, and the South of Ireland.
But we have in certain structural features of a macroscopic nature
characters that cause the diabases of Prescelly to be distinct specifically
from all similar rocks of Great Britain and Ireland, and thus readily identi-
fiable when removed from their source by natural or artificial agencies.
Their specific distinction is given to them by the occurrence throughout.
their mass of irregularly bounded circular or ovoid opaque white or pinkish
patches that consist of imperfectly formed crystals and crystal-groups of
albite-oligoclase felspar. These white patches are by no means evenly
distributed ; sometimes they are so frequent than a finger-tip cannot be
placed between them, at other times, even in the same rock-mass, they occur
but sparingly. It is their general presence, rather than their relative
frequency, that can be relied upon as the distinguishing feature. As.
pointed out by Mr. J. Parkinson,' these dolerites, with their white or pink
spots in a finely-meshed crystalline greenish matrix, furnish a handsome.
variety of rock not to be forgotten when once encountered.
It was this spotted character that led the author and his colleagues.
on the Geological Survey, while working in the more southerly regions of
Pembrokeshire, to locate on their maps the individual occurrences of
glacially transported boulders exhibiting this feature. The region im-
mediately to the east and north of Narberth contained many examples, and
when an envelope was drawn round the occurrences it was found that the
axis of the envelope pointed directly to the Prescelly Mountains. We were
at that time unaware of the source of the rock in question, but it was clear
that if in Pembrokeshire at all it must be in the mountains to the north-
west, beyond the limits of the region it was then our duty to survey.
Subsequently on visiting the Prescelly Mountains, it was satisfactory to.
find the rock 27 stu, thus proving that our conjecture as to the source of
the boulders was correct. I merely quote this to emphasize the fact that
the highly characteristic aspect of the rock enabled the Geological Surveyors.
1 J. Parkinson, ‘‘Some Igneous Rocks in North Pembrokeshire,” Quart.
Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. liii. (1897), p. 465.
332 | The Source of the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge.
to identify it as isolated boulders over a wide but limited area, and subse-
quently to locate the original centre of dispersal.!
Turning now to the Rhyolites and Felsites of Carn Alw and the ridge
that extends westwards therefrom, we again meet with a series of rocks
that have a fairly extensive outcrop, and which present characters of specific
importance. A considerable variation is exhibited by different portions of —
the mass, and we have examples of rocks showing a fine banding due to
flow in the molten state, spherulitic growths due to incipient crystallization,
or a fragmental structure due to the disruption of a partially consolidated
mass. The first two varieties, either independent or in conjunction, are
those most frequently encountered. Excellent descriptions of the rocks of
Foel Trigarn and Carn Alw have been published by Mr. J. Parkinson.
He describes the Foel Trigarn rhyolite as “a compact, somewhat light
blue-grey rock, often conspicuously banded.” With reference to Carn Alw
he lays stress on the beautiful development of flow-structure in the rocks
of this locality and says “In a typical specimen the bands are very regular,
about 0°1 inch across on an average, but commonly exist as mere lines.”
An allied type is a light blue-grey rock that weathers white and is traversed
with some regularity by innumerable lighter bands and lines, which vary
from about 0°005 to nearly 01 inch in breadth. Many examples showing
spherulitic or axiolitic growths are encountered, but attention may be
directed to a rock, containing flattened and deformed immature spherulites,
which occurs on Carn Alw and is figured by Mr. Parkinson in his paper.
This figure is reproduced in Pl. IV., fig. 4.
The Identity of the Stonehenge Stones with those of Prescelly.
We are in a position safely to affirm that the 29 doleritic masses occurring
as a constructive part of Stonehenge are all of the same nature; and, while
showing slight variation, all are linked together by common characters.
They are to be matched in all their macroscopic and microscopic details —
with the dolerites that outcrop along the Prescelly Range, especially in the
outcrops of Carn Meini and Cerrig Marchogion. Their identity can be
judged by a comparison of the figures given in Pl. I. and Pl. II,
figs. 1 and 2, of specimens taken respectively from Stonehenge and the
Prescelly Mountains. When we remember that the Prescelly type of dolerite
is so striking and so unlike any other that has been met with in Great
Britain and Ireland, we have, in this alone, evidence that should place the
source of these 29 stones beyond doubt.? But, if further support for such
derivation be required, conclusive evidence is furnished by the fact that the
remaining four igneous masses of Stonehenge, the rhyolites, are identical in
colour, mode of weathering, and all structura) and mineralogical details
with the rhyolites that occur at Carn Alw in the Prescelly Mountains. We
* For the distribution of these boulders see “‘ The Country around Haver-
ford West,” Mem. Geol. Surv. (1914), pp. 216—218 and Fig. 20.
On the authority of Prof. A. H. Cox, of the University of Wales,
Cardiff, an insignificant outcrop of a similar rock occurs in the Cader Idris
district, but this locality may be disregarded as a possible source.
By Herbert H. Thomas. 399
have represented at Stonehenge the finest fluxional type, and also the
spherulitic and fragmental types of rhyolite, making the proof of identity
more perfect than if one type had been encountered. Thus, it is in-
controvertible that ald the 33 masses of igneous rock now forming part of
Stonehenge have been derived from the eastern end of the Prescelly Moun-
tains. :
Great numbers of fragments of foreign rocks have been found in the soil
of Stonehenge during excavations carried out from time to time, and for
the most part these are referable to the larger stones now visible. A few,
however, of different varieties occur in sufficient quantity to suggest that
_ they represent chippings of stones now removed by natural or artificial
means from the area of Stonehenge. We must of course, place greater
confidence in the evidence afforded by the large stones that we can see for
ourselves at the present time than in small fragments that do not occur in
great numbers. Nevertheless, the plan of Stonehenge clearly shows that
other foreign stones, possibly bringing the number up to 45, existed at the
time of its erection, and thus we might reasonably expect to find traces of
them in the soil. Aenoneee the fragments collected by the late William
Cunnington we may note both the banded (E. 1997)! and axiolitic types of
rhyolite, both being identical with corresponding types from Carn Alw
(PL. IV., figs. 1—4). The axiolitic type (EK. 1997) with its flattened
spherulites is highly characteristic, and in the figures given below its identity
with the rock from Carn Alw ismade clear. We thus find in these fragments
additional evidence connecting the stones of Stonehenge with Prescelly.
Amongst the Gowland fragments we meet also with rhyolitic rocks of a
brecciated nature which are identical with the brecciated felsites of Carn
Alw.
A variety of stone, occurring as fragments, is a dark grey compact calcareous
rock that has been called by Sir Jethro Teall and other writers a ‘calcareous
chlorite-schist,” and the stump of such a stone was detected by Mr. H.
Cunnington (1881) beneath the soil, during excavations within the area of
Stonehenge.
This rock, of which there appears to have been at least one representative,
is of igneous origin but of pyroclastic nature. It is composed of small
fragments of much altered vesicular lava of moderately basic composition.
The vesicles are filled variously with calcite or chlorite, and the whole rock
has been subjected to considerable shearing stresses that have impressed
upon it a semi-schistoze structure. This calcareous ash or tuff, is a North
Pembrokeshire type, and occurs interbedded with the lower Palaeozoic
sediments on the north side of the Prescelly Range. J am indebted to Mr.
Gerald Part for a specimen and section of a rock from an outcrop a little
north of Foel Trigarn and the photograph of this (PI. III., fig. 2) shows
that the Stonehenge examples (PI. III, fig. 1) are of identical character.
Not only are all the existing stones of Stonehenge identifiable with
Prescelly sources ; but in the case of the most characteristic fragments that
differ from these, we can identify other Prescelly types, removing all doubt
as to the Pembrokeshire origin of the group as a whole.
* Registered specimen in the Geological Survey collection of sliced rocks.
334 The Source of the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge.
The assemblage of Stonehenge Foreign Stones presents the significant
feature of derivation from a comparatively small area, where all the various
rock-types occur together. Such an area may be limited by the actual
outcrops of the rocks in question ; or, as will be discussed later, the stones
may have been taken from the boulder-strewn slopes on the immediate
south and south-east of the Prescellys between Carn Meini and Cil-maen-
Ilwyd where all the types have been collected together by glacial action.
MopE oF TRANSPORT.
Having in a great measure solved the problem of the source of the
Foreign Stones, we must consider carefully the possible and probable
modes of transport of the stones from Pembrokeshire to Salisbury Plain.
Two modes of transport have been suggested : one natural, by ice during
the great Ice Age ; the other, by human agency at, of course, a later period.
The Hypothesis of Ice-transport. Professor Judd, in 1901, put forward
the hypothesis that the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge had been transported
to the Plain by ice during the Pleistocene Glacial Period, and this view
seems to have found favour and acceptance in many quarters.
We have, of late years, considerably advanced our knowledge of the
distribution and extent of the British Ice-fields, and also accumulated
much information concerning the directions and limits of dispersal of erratic
boulders. The geological evidence is such that the idea of a glacial origin
for the Foreign Stones will not bear investigation.
Let us consider critically this hypothesis of glacial transport as suggested
by Professor Judd. First, there is no evidence of glacial drift on Salisbury
Plain such as would of necessity have been left by any ice-sheet capable of
transporting the masses of rock in question. Isolated masses of rocks
foreign to the district, other than those used in the fabric of Stonehenge
are entirely wanting, as also are small pebbles of such rocks from the
gravels of the neighbourhood. It has been claimed, without producing any
evidence in support of the statement, that such masses did exist but that
they have all been collected to make walls, gateposts, millstones, etc.! But
as Mr. Stevens, of Salisbury, has cogently stated, no one can point to a
single rock mass like any of those used at Stonehenge having been put to
any such purpose. Mr. Stevens? says “There are many millstones and
gateposts in Wiltshire, but where is there one which corresponds in any way
to the upright Foreign Stones of Stonehenge? Unhappily this tangible
evidence is wanting ; so, alluring as the Glacial Drift Theory may appear,
it must reluctantly be set aside for want of convincing evidence.
To transport glacially a series of igneous boulders of great size from
Pembrokeshire to Wiltshire postulates the existence of an ice-sheet of
1 A few fragments of similar rocks were found in the Round Barrows of
Stonehenge; and asmall fragment of “spotted” diabase worked into a
celt-like implement was lately sent me by Mr. Cunnington, of Devizes,
from Beckhampton not far from West Kennet Long-Barrow. These are
probably chips from the actual Stonehenge stones.
2 F. Stevens, ‘‘ Stonehenge, To-day and Yesterday,” 8vo., 1919, London.
By Herbert H. Thomas. 335
unbroken character occupying the whole of the intervening country ; and
with the ice moving in a direction a little south of east. We have,
fortunately, good evidence of the extent of glaciation of Pembrokeshire,
and we find that this county was crossed in a south-easterly direction by an
ice-sheet that moved down the Irish Sea. This ice-sheet carrying Scottish
boulders,' crossed the low plateau of Anglesey and Carnarvon, gathering
fresh material as it went, but was kept from passing far inland by the local
Welsh ice-sheet that had its centre of dispersal in the highlands of Snowdon,
the Arenigs and Cader Idris, and was pressing outwards towards the coast.
On reaching the latitude of Pembrokeshire, far removed from the main
centre of Welsh glaciation, the Irish Sea ice-sheet was allowed to spread
fanwise and to override the plateau-regions of Pembrokeshire and Southern
Ireland which offered relatively little opposition. In spite of this there
is the clearest evidence, from the distribution of Pembrokeshire and
Scottish boulders that the ice-front lay only just south of the present coast-
line of Pembrokeshire, and that the ice as a solid mass neither crossed the
Bristol Channel to Devon and Cornwall, nor passed in an easterly direction
beyond the coastal regions of Pembrokeshire. No boulders of Pembrokeshire
rocks, such as would of necessity be carried by any extension of this ice-
sheet, have ever been found either on the north coast of Devon, Cornwall,
or Somerset, or on the south coast of Wales east of the estuary of the River
Towy. Scottish boulders, however, occur on the north coast of Devon and
on the coast of Glamorganshire where their presence, unmixed with Pem-
brokeshire boulders, indicates that they were not carried by that portion of
the ice-sheet which had crossed Pembrokeshire but had been borne by the
portion that came down the central region of the Irish Sea. The ice-sheet
would probably have a crescentic front and the medial portion would have
the furthest southerly extension. It is to be noticed that all the occurrences
of Scottish boulders outside Pembrokeshire and its adjacent islands lie at
raised-beach level, as at Croyde Bay ? and in Glamorganshire. ‘There is no
evidence of the erratic material mounting the cliffs or extending inland.
The inference is, therefore, that these Scottish boulders were deposited
from icebergs that had broken away from the central portion of the main
ice-front and were stranded on relatively distant shores. The geological
evidence proves conclusively that although Pembrokeshire was crossed in a
south-easterly direction by a lobe of the Irish Sea ice-sheet, the front of
this ice-sheet never reached across or far up the Bristol Channel.
Passing to the country intervening between Pembrokeshire and Wiltshire,
we find nowhere along the line that an ice-sheet would have to traverse in
order to transport Pembrokeshire boulders to Salisbury Plain, any evidence
of glaciation of an intense character. There are no trains of far-travelled
boulders, no ice scratching and polishing of outstanding rocks, and no thick
1The rocks of the Western Isles, Ailsa Craig, and Galloway are fairly
common as erratics. They occur on the Cardigan coast, on the plateau
region of Pembrokeshire and its outlying islands (Skomer, Skokholm, etc.),
and on the Glamorganshire coastal regions of the Bristol Channel.
*7T. McK. Hughes, ‘‘ The Ancient Beach and Boulders near Braunton
and Croyde in N. Devon,” Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xliii. (1887), p. 687.
336 The Source of the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge.
accumulation of boulder-clay. As has been pointed out in a previous
communication! such a hypothetical ice-sheet, in order to account for the
Foreign Stones of Stonehenge would have to gather from Pembrokeshire
blocks all of about the same size and mainly of two rock-types. It would
have to carry them all that distance without dropping any by the way.
Further, it would have to pass over all kinds of rocky obstacles without
gathering to itself any of the various materials over which it was forced to
ride. Such in itself, without the additional positive evidence that is
forthcoming as to the extent of the glaciation of Pembrokeshire and ad-
joining counties, permanently disposes of the idea of glacial transport for
the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge.
Human Transport necessary.
The only alternative is transport by human agency, and in this connexion
two methods of conveyance are possible—either by sea or by land.
By those who all along have favoured the idea of human transport
passage by sea has found some advocates. Amongst these we may mention
the late Edgar Barclay,? who perhaps was the most devoted supporter.
Now that we can be certain of the original site of the bulk of the
Stonehenge Foreign Stones we are in a position to consider more critically
the probable manner of human transport. The area from which the rocks were
derived is probably a small one (p. 334) and does not occupy a position on, or
even near, the coast. ‘To a possible port on the north coast it would mean a
rough overland journey of 8 or 10 miles, while to a navigable portion of the
River Cleddau, to the south, would be some 10 or 15 miles. Thus, in any case
to reach the coast a land-transport of about 10 miles must have been under-
taken. The sea journey with such primitive vessels as were in existence at
that time would be fraught with great difficulty anddanger. The navigation
between the tide-swept islands of West Wales and the Land’s End is in itself a
thing not likely to be attempted under such conditions and with such a burden.
Further, we must remember that, even if the Wiltshire Avon was navigable
for part of its course, a fairly long overland route would have had to be
followed in order to reach Stonehenge. Taking all things into consideration,
the necessary land-transport at both ends of the sea voyage and the perilous
nature of the sea-route, I think that an overland transport presents greater
probability.
The weight of the Foreign Stones is in no case excessive, probably, as far
as can be calculated, lying in the neighbourhood of two to two and a half
tons.
The total distance from Prescelly to Stonehenge overland, allowing for
the detour necessitated by the River Severn,’ is about 170 or 180 miles.
We know that even if carried part of the way by sea, the ancient people
1H. H. Thomas, in “ Summary of Progress for 1921,” Mem. Geol. Surv.
1922, pp. 56—57.
* Stonehenge, op. supra cet., p. 11.
3 The Severn is assumed to have been fordable between Gloucester and
Worcester.
_ By Herbert H. Thomas. Boll
could, and did, transport these stones overland. Thus, their capability to
carry large masses of stone over rough country is demonstrated. I feel that
as time and labour are the only controlling factors, other than the desirability
of the material carried, there is no,reason why the stones should not have
been taken the whole way overland. For, if it be possible to carry a block
of stone across bad country a distance of 10 miles, it is equally possible to
convey it 100 miles, given the requisite labour, time, and motive. Primitive
but effective methods of transporting megaliths have been discussed in this
connexion by Gowland.!
Reasons for the Transport. We have in Stonehenge, whether brought
by sea or by land, such a collection of Foreign Stones as is not met with,
to my knowledge, in any other region of megalithic remains. Isolated
instances of transport of a stone from a remote source are, of course, to be
met with both at home and abroad, but in general it is not hard to find an
explanation for this preferential utilization. For example, an inspection
of the megalithic remains in the neighbourhood of Carnac shows that all
the stones of the great avenues of the Fields of Menec and Kermario, as
well as of the neighbouring dolmens, are of the granitic rocks of the im-
mediate neighbourhood. ‘Thus, they bear the same relation to their district
as do the Sarsens of Stonehenge to Salisbury Plain. The famous carved
stone, however, that forms the end of the great dolmen at Locmariaquer,
known as La Table des Marchands,? is of granulitic quartzite, presumably
derived from a greater distance than the associated granite-masses. The
reason for its selection was probably its close texture and flaggy nature,
features that rendered it more suitable to receive the somewhat elaborate
device carved upon it. {fam informed by Monsieur le Rouzic that similar
instances are furnished by inscribed stones on the island of Gavrinis
(Morbihan), and that the utilization of rocks other than the granite of the
neighbourhood is exemplified by megalithic remains in the Presqu’ile de
Quiberon.
When we endeavour to seek a reason for the importation into Wiltshire
of rocks from so remote a district as Pembrokeshire, we naturally first
enquire whether these rocks possess any inherent material properties that
rendered them particularly desirable. We are met at once by the facts
that they are neither more durable, more ornamental, nor more suited for
constructional purposes, than a host of other rocks much nearer at hand,*
the outcrops of which would be crossed in a journey from Pembrokeshire.
This neglect of all other potential sources of material seemingly suitable
1“ Recent Excavations at Stonehenge,” Archzologia, vol. lviil., pp. 37—
39.
2 Locmariaquer, Table des Marchands, par. Z. le Rouzic et Charles
Keller. Nancy, 1910.
* Many igneous boulders, quite unlike the Stonehenge type, but equally
suitable, occur stranded on the Hampshire flats between Selsey and Bourne-
mouth. Igneous rocks occur in the Mendips, while durable and ornamental
rocks belonging to the Old Red Sandstone, Carboniferous, and later systems
occur all through South Wales, Somerset, and Gloucestershire.
338 The Source of the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge.
for constructional or ornamental purposes is a point on which much stress
must be laid, for it means that some very special reason unconnected with
their physical properties must have governed the removal from Pembroke-
shire. William Long! puts the case very clearly. He says ‘‘ We are in
perplexity about these primitive stones from Wales or Cornwall,” but he
dismisses the idea that they could have been brought in ignorance of the
Sarsen stones, or that they were selected for their decorative character.
Their structural value, he points out, is in no way superior to that of the |
Sarsens, and he concludes “‘ We are forced to believe that some special
religious value was attached to stones of this particular kind and that no
other stones could have supplied their place.” Further, that ‘“‘ these smaller
stones were held in such regard as to make the trouble of bringing them a
great distance a matter of no concern in comparison with the importance of
having them” in their present resting-place.
Sir William Boyd Dawkins? in 1880 expressed similar views, holding
that the rocks of the neighbourhood would have satisfied all the purposes
of a monument.
It has been suggested in an earlier part of this paper that the area in
Pembrokeshire from which the stones were transported was small, and lay
to the immediate south and south-east of Carn Meini and Carn Alw, in the
Prescelly Mountains. On the slopes are strewn numberless boulders torn
by ice from the crags above—boulders of dolerite, rhyolite, and other local
rocks occurring together. On going further away, however, from the
outcrops of these rocks, other boulders of more distant origin make their
appearance; and thus, except in the quite limited area mentioned, the
selection of a suite of boulders so consistently of Prescelly origin would
have been difficult to accomplish and unlikely to be attempted.
It is probably more than a coincidence that this area, clearly indicated by
geological evidence as the source of the Stonehenge Foreign Stones, should
contain one of the richest collections of megalithic remains in Britain.
The importance of the megalithic remains of the eastern portion of the
Prescelly Mountains has been brought to our notice by the writings of the
late Rev. W. Done Bushell.* He described Prescelly as unique in this
respect, and referred to it as a “ prehistoric Westminster.” Dolmens and
the remains of stone-circles are extremely numerous—dolmens more par-
ticularly on the northern side of the range, and circles to the south and
south-east. Bushell described the southern slopes as “a land of circles,”
and points out that in this limited area there were eight at least of which
traces still exist. At Cil-maen-llwyd, to the south of Foel Trigarn, noted
for its prehistoric remains, lies the remnant of a circle that was described in
1738 as “a circle of mighty stones very much like Stonehenge in Wiltshire.”
1 William Long, “Stonehenge and its Barrows,” Wilts Arch. Mag., xvi.,
Addenda and Notes, p. 223.
2 Boyd Dawkins, Karly Man in Britain, 1880.
> Done Bushell, “ Amongst the Prescelly Circles,” Arch. Camb., ser. Vi,
VO, X1:, Da Lore
* Tour through the whole Island of Great Britain, 1738, p. 285.
By Herbert H. Thomas. 309
We have before us three important points, namely—the limited area from
which the stones were obtained, the absence of any assignable reason for
their selection other than that they were held in some veneration, and
lastly the abundance of megalithic remains, mainly formed of the same
rock-types, now visible in the Prescelly region.
It is my settled opinion that the facts and motives can only be explained
by postulating the removal of a venerated stone-circle from the eastern end
of the Prescelly Mountains to Salisbury Plain.
To deal with a rather different aspect of the subject, it has been
suggested that the transport of rough stones to Stonehenge, only to be
dressed and reduced in bulk on their arrival, argued lack of intelligence on
the part of the builders. But, surely, it does not follow that the two
operations were carried out by the same people, or even the same generation.
Many have expressed the view that the Foreign Stones are older than the
Sarsens and were the first to be erected on the site of Stonehenge. ‘This
suggestion was first made by Bowles in 1828, it met with support from
Allen in 1840, and in later years was adopted by Professor Bonney and
Lord Avebury. Possibly the same idea is implied in the legendary deri-
vation of the stones from Ireland. I do not think that recently gleaned
facts militate against the greater antiquity of the Foreign Stones, but rather
the reverse. ‘The drastic dressing these stones received at Stonehenge
points, in my opinion, to their having been already erected on the site and
that they were transformed by the builders of Stonehenge from their rough
and inelegant state into monoliths more in harmony with the finished and
elaborate structure of a somewhat later period. Their inclusion in the plan
of the completed Stonehenge clearly points to the veneration in which they
were held.
A word may be said with respect to the legendary derivation of the
Foreign Stones from Ireland as recorded in the writings of Geoffrey of
Monmouth aud Giraldus Cambrensis in the twelfth and thirteenth
centuries. This legend was regarded by Conybeare (1883) and others as
likely to contain an element of truth. We now realize that a derivation
from the west is the only tenable view to take with regard to the Foreign
Stones, and it certainly seems probable that little discrimination would be
exercised in early times, in any legendary story, between the extreme west
of Wales and the south of Ireland. Again, there is the possibility of the
‘same race occupying both regions, and thus the name Ireland might have
been applied later, to indicate a racial character rather than a definite
locality.
|
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION.
| From the foregoing facts and and arguments it may be stated with
assurance that
(1) Allthe Foreign Stones of Stonehenge, with the exception of the
| “altar stone,” are identifiable with, and furnished by, rocks that
| outcrop at the eastern end of the Prescelly Mountains in Pem-
brokeshire.
340 The Source of the Foreign Stones of Stonehenge.
(2) With the exception noted above they are derivatives from one source
of a strictly limited area.
(3) The idea of natural transport from Pembrokeshire to Salisbury
Plain by ice during the Pleistocene Glacial Period is untenable,
and
(4) They were transported by human agency, in all probability by an
overland route.
It may also be safely argued that, as all potential sources of construction-
ally suitable material within easier access of Stonehenge were disregarded,
some special non-natural reason governed the removal of these stones from
Pembrokeshire to their present site. |
Such a reason would be furnished if the stones existed close to their
source in the form of a sacred circle or other construction of undressed
megaliths which was removed in its entirety with due care to Stonehenge.
The remains of eight stone circles can still be traced, according to Bushell,
within the area from which the stones were derived.
It is probable that the Foreign Stones were the first to be erected upon |
the site of Stonehenge, and that their subsequent dressing and reduction in |
gize were in conformity with a more advanced type of megalithic work,
carried out at a later date by the builders of Stonehenge as we now know |
it.
I wish to express my indebtedness to Dr. W. M. Tapp for the interest he |
has shown and the assistance he has given to this investigation. To him |
and to Col. Hawley I owe the granting of facilities for visiting Stonehenge |
and. inspecting not only the stones themselves but the abundance of frag- |
ments found during the recent excavations. My thanks are due to.Mr. |
Cunnington, of Devizes, for giving me access to the microscopic sections
made from fragments of Stonehenge rocks collected by the late William |
Cunnington and described by Mr. Davies and Sir Jethro Teall ; to the |
Keeper of the Mineral Department of the Natural History Museum, South |
Kensington, for allowing me to study those specimens and sections of
Stonehenge stones described by Professor Maskelyne and Professor Judd; |
to Mr. J. Parkinson for the loan of his described specimens of rocks from |
Prescelly ; to Mr. D. C. Evans, of St. Clears; and to Dr. Howells, of}
Tenby ; also to Mr. J. Rhodes for the preparation of the photographs that
illustrate this paper
PLATE [. d41
Fig. 1.—Spotted Ophitic Dolerite, Stonehenge. Natural size.
Fig. 2.—Spotted Ophitice Dolerite Spotted Ophitic Dolerite, Prescelly.
_ Stonehenge, Slightly reduced. Slightly reduced.
i XLII.—NO. CXXXIX, A
bo
342 PLATE II.
‘ig, 1.—Microphotograph of thin section of Dolerite from Stonehenge.
X 15 diameters. Specimen in B.M., No. 349. 17.
Fig. 2.—Microphotograph of thin section of Dolerite from Carn Meini,
Pembrokeshire, showing minerals and structure identical with
those of Fig. 1. X 15 diameters.
PLATE IIL. 343
fig. 1.—Microphotograph of thin section of Volcanic Ash (Calcareous
chlorite-schist) from Stonehenge. Shows a parallel schistose structure,
fragments of pumiceous lava, and patches of clear calcite.
X 30 diameters.
‘ig. 2.—Microphotograph of Schistose Volcanic Ash. Microscopically
identical with that of Fig. 1. From outcrop north of Foel Trigan,
Prescelly Mountains, Pembrokeshire. X 30 diameter.
2A 2
=~
44 PLATE IV.
Fig. 1.—Microphotograph of banded _ Fig. 2.—Banded Rhyolite similar
Rhyolite showing parallel lines due __ to Fig. 1 from Carn Alw, Prescelly
to flow. Stonehenge. B.M. X 30 diam. Mountains, Pembrokeshire.
Fig. 3.—Microphotograph of Fig. 4.—Microphotograph of
Spherulitic Rhyolite with flattened Spherulitic Rhyolite with flattened
Spherulites, from Stonehenge. Spherulites from Carn Alw,
X 26 diameter. Pembrokeshire,
345
THE SEVENTIETH GENERAL MEETING
OF
THE WILTSHIRE ARCHAOLOGICAL AND NATURAL
HISTORY SOCIETY,
HELD AT MARLBOROUGH;
July 30th and 31st, and August Ist, 19283.
President of the Socrety :—
W. Hewarp Bett, F.G.S., F.S.A.
MONDAY, JULY 20th.
For the third time the Society held its Annual Meeting at Marlborough,
its previous visits having been in 1879 and 1905. ‘The Business Meeting
took place at 2.30, at the Town Hall, which the Mayor and Corporation had
most kindly placed at the Society’s disposal free of charge. Forty-two
Members were present, with the President of the Society in the chair.
After the reading of the minutes the President called on the Hon. Secretary
to read the
REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1922—23.
Members.—The total number of members on the Society’s list, including
those to be elected at the present meeting, is 422? (12 life members and 410
annual subscribers), against 397 at the time of the last annual meeting, an
1 A good account of the proceedings during the meeting, with illustrations
of The West Door, St. Mary’s, Marlborough; The High Street; St. Peter’s
Church; and The West End and Interior of the College Chapel, appeared
in The Wilts, Berks, and Hants County Paper and Marlborough Times,
Aug. 3rd, 1923.
The Wiltshire Gazette printed the Report, and some account of the opening
meeting, together with Mr. Stone’s lecture on Stonehenge with illustrations,
on August 2nd. A good account of “Four Fine Houses in East Wilts,”
Ramsbury, Littlecote, Upham, Tottenham, followed on August 9th. ‘*‘ Odds
and Knds of Antiquarian Tours,” Froxfield, Henry VIII. at Wolfhall, and
Marlborough College, appeared on August 16th; and “ Wansdyke, the
newly-discovered fragment,” a fuller report of Mr. Albany Major’s address,
on August 30th.
2 It is to be noted that from 1860 to 1907 the numbers given in the annual
reports include the 20—22 Societies with which we exchange publications.
These are in no sense “members,” and since 1907 have not been counted
in, Allowing for this the Society from 1860 to 1907 appears never to have
numbered more than 371 (1860), 372 (1880), 378 (1892), 376 (1893), and 375
(1906). It seems to have reached its lowest point in 1868, when its actual
members numbered only 291.
346 The Seventieth General Meeting.
increase of 25,in spite of the fact that the Society lost 7 members by death
and 22 by resignation during the year. ‘Thus, for the first time in its history,
the Society’s numbers are well above 400—a satisfactory condition, which
yet allows of much further improvement. [Only once before, in 1908, has it
ever reached 400, and in 1917 it fell to 313.]
Finance.—The General Fund began the year 1922 with a balance of
£78 13s., and ended with one of £35 15s. 5d. The Museum Maintenance
Fund began witha balance of £19 19s. 2d., and ended with one of £46 14s. 6d. ;
of the income £29 Lls. 9d. was from subscriptions, and £15 5s. 4d. from
admission fees and donations in the box. On the Museum Purchase Fund
the balance of £78 10s. on January lst increased to £100 8s. on December
3ist owing to the sale of ethnological objects, and that of the Museum
Enlargement Fund from £67 Os. 4d. to £80 Os. 4d. ‘The total balances on
the Society’s funds, excluding the Bradford Barn Fund, amounted at the
end of the year to £337 17s. 6d.—an increase of £13 13s. 3d.
The Magazine—Two numbers of the Magazine were issued during 1922
at a total cost of £221 17s. 8d.,and contained 305 pages. This cost includes
postage and illustrations, and works out at 14s 6d. per page, a reduction on
the rate of the previous year. The total cost was largely increased by the
fact that the index for Vol. XLI. was included in the number for December,
1922. ‘The committee this year sent out invitations for tenders for the
printing of the Magazine to Wiltshire firms, from three of whom tenders
were received. ‘They accepted Mr. Woodward’s tender at a considerable
reduction, and the printing will remain in his hands accordingly.
The Museum.— The past year has seen the most important addition to
the archzological collections since the acquisition of the Brooke collection.
Mr. and Mrs. Cunnington have given the whole of the objects found in their
excavation of the All Cannings Cross village site, and as was foreshadowed
at the last annual meeting, a special appeal was issued for £100 in order to
provide sufficient cases for the exhibition of the collection. The appeal
brought in almost exactly the amount asked for, with the result that the five
original cases down the centre of the Stourhead room have been altered so
as to contain double the number of objects they contained before, and to
exhibit them to greater advantage, and space has been found for an ad-
ditional case to match, which has been provided partly from the Appeal
Fund and partly from the Museum Maintenance Fund. In additiona good
second-hand wall case bas been purchased, which will provide further space
for exhibition in the entrance lobby. In these new cases the pottery of
the Stourhead collection and the other Bronze Age pottery in the Society’s
possession has been re-arranged, whilst two of the cases are entirely taken
up with the All Cannings Cross objects, of the Hallstatt age, admirably
arranged by Mrs. Cunnington, whose skill and patience in the reconstruction
of the remarkable series of pottery vessels now so well exhibited, has given
us a collection which is unique in English museums. The sale of the
ethnological objects having no connection with the county, sanctioned three
years ago, has been completed by the transfer of the Egyptian mummy and
the plaster bust of a Tasmanian native to the new museum at Swindon,
The gold ornaments from the Barrows of Wiltshire in theStourhead collection,
together with the gold bracelet given by Mrs. Cunnington, which it was
|
|
|
I
|
The Seventieth General Meeting. 347
felt it was unsafe to exhibit/at Devizes, have now, in accordance with the
resolution passed at last year’s general meeting, been deposited on loan
indefinitely at the British Museum, where they are exhibited and labelled
as the property of our Society. Electrotype facsimiles are exhibited in
their place at Devizes. The British Museum authorities have very kindly
allowed our Society to have facsimiles made of the gold bracelets of the
Bronze Age found at Tisbury, and a bronze mould for celts, now in the
National collection, and we have also to thank Lord IIchester and Dr.
Blackmore for similar facilities in regard to the gold torque found at
Allington and the little piece of ring money from Bishopstone, in their
possession respectively,
The Library.—The many hundreds of portraits (largely from newspapers)
of Wiltshire men and women which have been collected by the librarian
since 1913 have been mounted in a large folio scrap book and catalogued.
This is the fourth volume of Wiltshire portraits. The photographs and
picture postcards of Wiltshire buildings, scenes, and objects accumulated
for many years past, have also been mounted in three additional scrap books
and fully catalogued. The librarian would be grateful if members, instead
of destroying old photographs and picture postcards of Wiltshire subjects, °
of any kind whatever, would kindly send them to him instead. Many such
photographs, which may appear to be of no general interest, may neverthe-
less fill a gap in the Society’s collection and preserve a record of buildings
which since the photographs were taken have been altered or have dis-
appeared. A considerable number of old deeds connected with the estate of
Little Park, Wootton Bassett, have been given tothe Library by Major G. J.
Buxton, and Mr. W. Gough, of Wootton Bassett, has very kindly undertaken
to catalogue them. The Misses Grant- Meek have given Justice Kent’s ledger
book, an important MS. volume of 1628, connected with Devizes. For:
gifts of recently published books, pamphlets, and articles, we have as usual:
to thank a large number of Wiltshire authors.
The annual meeting of 1922, held at Swindon, was a great success, and
resulted in the welcome balance of £15 14s. 6d. being added to the general
account.
Excavations. The work on the Iron Age village at All Cannings Cross:
Farm was completed in the autumn by Mr. and Mrs. B. H. Cunnington.
Mr. R. 8S. Newall has carried on diggings not yet complete at Hanging
Langford Camp, and a section of the ditch round Windmill Hillat Avebury
has been excavated by the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall with interesting results,
which make it very desirable that this work should be carried further. Dr.
R. C. Clay, of Fovant Manor, is engaged in the excavation of 100 pits perhaps.
of the Late Celtic period, in that neighbourhood, which promise interesting
results. Colonel Hawley has steadily continued his unwearied labour at
Stonehenge, in which he happily again has the help of Mr. Newall, with
the result that a new circle of stone holes has been found, together with
many other unexpected and puzzling discoveries.
South- Western Naturalists’ Union.—The Wiltshire Archeological and
Natural History Society has become associated with this newly-formed
| body, and in consequence any member of our Society is allowed to join the
Union for a subscription of 5s. a year (instead of 15s. a year, and enjoy the
348 The Seventieth General Meeting.
privileges of membership, including the receipt of all free publications.
Further information may be obtained of the hon. secretary, H. Womersley,
Esq., 17, Devonshire Road, Westbury Park, Bristol.
Advisory Committees. It: will be good news to all who care for the
preservation of the ancient architecture and furniture of our Parish Churches
to learn that an ‘“‘ Advisory Committee” has been set up, and has now been
working satisfactorily for more than six months, in the Diocese of Bristol,
which comprises some eighty parishes in the North of Wiltshire. The
necessity of obtaining faculties for any schemes involving alterations or
additions to the fabric or the furniture of Churches will be strongly insisted
on in future, but before the matter comes before the Chancellor of the
Diocese for his decision, the clergy and churchwardens and others concerned
will be asked to submit full particulars to the Advisory Committee, who
will be prepared to advise upon and criticise the proposed scheme. Within
the last week the Bishop of Salisbury has appointed a committee which it
is hoped may work on similar lines for that part of the county which lies
within the Diocese of Sarum.
On the motion of the President, seconded by the Rev. E. H. Goddard, a
vote of condolence on the death of Sir Henry Howarth, President of the
Royal Archeological Institute, and well known to many of the members of
the Wiltshire Society, was passed.
Canon Knubley then spoke on the question of forming a special Natural
History Branch of the Society, which might cooperate with the work of
the newly-established South-Western Naturalists’ Union, with which the
Wiltshire Society was affiliated. Canon Knubley himself had been
appointed chairman of the Zoological section. Canon Knubley did not
move any resolution but put forward the matter as a tentative suggestion,
and expressed the opinion that the establishment of such a branch would
result.in a considerable increase in the number of the Society’s members,
as it had done already in the case of the Somerset Society. The matter
would have to be discussed and threshed out by the Committee. Canon
Knubley mentioned that Miss Selman, of Kington Langley, Chippenham,
was investigating the food of birds, and would be glad to receive the
contents of birds’ crops provided they reached her in a fresh condition.
The officers of the Society were then re-elected en bloc with the addition
of Mr. C. W. Pugh to the Committee. .
After eighteen new members of the Society had been elected, the R ev. H.E.
Ketchley, as Local Secretary, called attention to the question of the repair
of the base of the wayside cross at Upper Wraxall, which had been before
the Committee of the Society. He had obtained an estimate for the work of
replacing the stones and securing them in their proper positions for £24,
towards which he had about £5 in hand. ‘lhe remainder would have to be
raised somehow, and he appealed to members present at the meeting to
give a small donation each to this object. The Rev. E. H. Goddard said
that the matter arose from the action of the local authorities in threatening
to remove the cross base altogether if it was not put in better repair. The
Society itself had no funds to devote to such objects as this, but he suggested
that a contribution of half-a-crown each from members would help on the
The Seventieth General Meeting. 349
work greatly. Ata later stage of the meeting, after tea in Mr. Farmer’s
garden, the Rev. E. H. Goddard referred to the matter again, and announced
that his cap would be placed near the exit to receive any contributions, with
the result that altogether a sum of £4 2s, was handed over.to Mr. Ketchley,
who had undertaken to ask for further contributions from people in the
Wraxall neighbourhood.
Capt. B. H. Cunnington then drew attention to the fact that under the
present rules the Committee had no power to remove a member’s name
from the list of the Society should such a course become desirable, and
moved the following resolution, which was seconded by Dr. Clay, and after
some discussion carried nem. con.:—‘ That a rule is hereby made empowering
the committee to request a member to resign his or her membership, and
in the event of such member refusing to resign, the Committee be empowered
to remove his or her name from the roll of members. The request for
resignation or the removal from the roll of members shall take effect only
by the unanimous vote of the members of the Committee present and voting
at the meeting. This rule shall come into force at the end of the present
year, 1923, and members in renewing their subscriptions shall be deemed
to accept the rule as a condition of membership. Such member shall be
advised of the action of the Committee and shall have the right of appeal
to the next General Meeting, the appeal to be decided by a majority of
two-thirds of those present and voting.”
It was suggested that in future it would be useful to have a list of the
members attending posted up at the headquarters of. the meeting.
Another business matter which was omitted in the afternoon was attended
to at the evening meeting, when the Rev. E. H. Goddard, whose term of
office as the Society’s representative on the Town Trust of Wootton Bassett
had run out, was duly re-elected.
At the conclusion of the meeting St. Mary’s Church was first visited, the
Rev. E. H. Goddard acting as guide. From here the party returned to
the Town Hall, where they were most kindly entertained at tea by the
Mayoress (Mrs. Vincent Head). After tea the College was visited, the
Museum being the first point of interest, where Mr. L. G. Pierson conducted
the members round. Much good work of re-arrangement has been done in
the Museum since the war. Next to the Museum came the Chapel, where
again Mr. Pierson said a few words, and from here the party passed down
the fine new flight of steps to the site of the War Memorial Hall, just
beginning to rise from its foundations, and so round to the base of the
Castle Mound, where Mr. H. C. Brentnall gave an address, claiming that
the mound was of the same date and nature as Silbury, though he assigned
no date to Silbury. ‘The Grotto, at the entrance of which he stood, was the
work of Lady Hertford in 1744. In front of this some excavations had
recently been undertaken by the College Archeological Society, but though
some indications of walls had been found nothing definite had been dis-
covered.
From this point the party passed on to St. Peter’s Church, which was
shortly described by the Rev. E. H. Goddard, after which a certain number
of members, by kind permission of Mr. Pope, viewed the existing remains
of the Chantry, where extensive alterations were in progress.
350 | The Seventieth General Meeting.
The Annual Dinner was held at the Castle and Ball Hotel,the headquarters
of the meeting, at which 50 members and visitors were present. The evening
meeting at the Town Hall, at which about 60 were present, was held at
8 o'clock, and began with the official reception of the members by the Mayor,
Mr. Vincent Head, in state, in his robes, with the beautiful maces, the
Beadle with his staff of office, the ‘’own Clerk, and seven members of the
Corporation. The Mayor most warmly welcomed the members of the
Society, and the President suitably replied, thanking the Mayor and Cor-
poration for their reception, for the use of the Town Hall, and for the tea
given by the Mayoress. A lecture, illustrated by a series of lantern slides,
on “ Marborough in the 18th and 19th Centuries,” was given by Dr. W. B.
Maurice, coffee being provided by the kindness of Dr. and Mrs. Maurice.
TUESDAY, JULY 3ist.
Three char-a-bancs started from the Castle and Ball at 9.30 on the first
day’s excursion, preceded by a line of private cars, which by the time
Ramsbury was reachednumbered thirty-one. The first stop was at Mildenhall
Church, where Mr. Goddard pointed out the very interesting fittings of the ~
Early Gothic Revival of 1816, as good examples of their kind as can be
found, which make Mildenhall unique among the Churches of the county.
From this the long line of cars went on to Ramsbury Church, where Mr.
Goddard again acted as guide, calling attention particularly to the re-
markable series of Pre-Norman sculptured stones found during the restora-
tion of the Church, built up in the walls and now collected together at the
west end of the north aisle, forming the most important examples of work
of the 10th century yet found in the South of England. From the Church
the party returned to Ramsbury Manor, a house never before visited by the
Society. Sir Francis and Lady Burdett were not at home, but they had
with most generous kindness left orders that the house was to be thrown
open, upstairs and down, to the visitors, and the butler most courteously
carried out their instructions. Everyone indeed was allowed to wander
wherever they pleased, and to see whatever interested them most ; and that
in a house such as this, filled to overflowing with good things, Adam mantel-
pieces and ceilings, and furniture, Chippendale mirrors, Chinese wall papers,
Oriental china, to say nothing of the beauty of the house itself, “ one of the
best preserved Charles II. houses in England,” as the latest authoritative
description of it claims it to be, is no small kindness towards a party
numbering 120. Certainly Ramsbury Manor was one of the great attractions
of the meeting, and it more than came up to the expectations of those
privileged to see it. The next point on the programme was JL ittlecote.
where, by the great kindness of Sir Ernest Wills, the luncheon tables were
laid out in the long conservatory. Here, again, the house, in the absence
of Sir EK. Wills, was unreservedly thrown open to the members, but, on the
conclusion of luncheon, as it was obviously impossible that the whole party
could go round the house at once, a party of 50 were first admitted with
the President, Mr. W. Heward Bell, as leader, to point out the most
interesting things in the hall, the chapel, the bedroom of the legend, Wc.,
whilst the rest. of the party were supposed to spend their time in the gardens
The Seventieth General Meeting. ool
until the first party had gone through the house. Unfortunately this
arrangement was not enforced with sufficient severity, with the result that
the assembly became congested, and many members never succeeded in
getting into some of the rooms at all. It is indeed difficult to provide for
the circulation of so large a party in any house in which any of the rooms
to be visited are small, and it may be necessary possibly to limit the number
of visitors introduced by members to the meetings in future. Theattractions,
however, of Littlecote are by no means confined to the house. ‘The great
herbaceous borders, especially the long border at the bottom of the lawn
beyond the stream, were a revelation to those of the party who were
gardeners of what such a border on the largest scale may be. It was
generally compared with that at Hampton Court, to the disadvantage of
the latter. This alone was well worth the journey to Littlecote to see.
Unfortunately, before the time for leaving came, the rain—which bad been
threatening for some time—came down in a heavy shower, the precursor of
others for the rest of the afternoon. Aldbourne Church was the next item
on the programme, and after that Baydon Church, a small building which
had never before been visited by the Society. In both Churches Mr.
Goddard pointed out the chief features of the architecture. J.eaving
Baydon the cars returned to Aldbourne and thence to Upper Upham
House, where Lady Currie received the party and entertained them at a
sumptuous tea in the hall. By this time the rain had set in steadily, a
great disappointment to hostess and guests alike, for the unrivalled view
of the Berks and Wiltshire downland which Upham, the highest house
south of the Trent, affords on a fine evening was invisible; and had to be
taken on trust by those who had never seen it. Members could not even
satisfactorily view the front of the old house, which now forms the most
prominent portion of the south front of the present mansion. Lady Currie
was kindness itself in showing the members the interesting points of the
interior of the house. From Upham, nearly 900ft. up, the cars descended
again to the Aldbourne-Swindon Road and so home to Marlborough viw
Aldbourne and Ramsbury. As Marborough was approached the cavalcade
ran into a rain storm of quite phenomenal violence, which fortunately
lasted only a few minutes and most people reached home without getting
seriously wet.
At the evening meeting at 8 o'clock, in the Town Hall, where coffee was
provided by the kindness of Mr. H. Leaf, Mr. FE. H. Stone, F.S.A., gave an
address, illustrated by working models, on the methods by which the stones
of Stonehenge were erected. Fifty-two members and visitors were present,
and followed Mr. Stone’s demonstration, from raised seats all round, with
the closest interest, the setting up of the uprights in their holes and the
final stages of the placing of the lintels upon them being greeted with loud
applause. The whole apparatus had been worked out by the lecturer
minutely to scale, and the weights and strains carefully calculated so that
it was obvious to everbody that, given the one directing intelligence at the
head, it was quite possible, indeed easy, for people of the Stone Age to have
done the work in this way with raw hide ropes, levers, and manual labour.
The Society has never had a lecture, or rather a demonstration, of the kind
given at any of its meetings before, and it was clear that it was greatly
302 The Seventicth General Meeting.
enjoyed by everyone present, especially as it was given in such a way that
nobody could fail to understand each step of the process. The lecture has
appeared, with illustrations, in the Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 2nd, 1923, and
will appear later in the Magazine.
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST lst.
The number taking part in the second day’s excursion was considerably
less than that on the previous day, only eighteen private cars preceding the
char-a-bancs, the company numbering seventy at Tottenham. leaving
the High Street at 9.30, the cars made for the Column in the Forest. As
the weather throughout the day was perfect, the Forest, after the rain of
the day before, was looking its very best. Arrived in front of the Column,
Mr. H. C. Brentnall, of Marlborough College, gave an interesting talk on
the Forest generally and on the history of the Column in particular. As to
the derivation of the name Savernake, he rejected Aubrey’s ‘‘Sweet Fern”
derivation, and suggested that it may be derived from a personal name,
‘“Savern’s Oak.” Irom this point the party drove round and up the
straight approach to Tottenham House, where the Marquis of Ailesbury
received them in the hall and very kindly showed them through the house
and the extensive grounds, with their many fine specimen trees. Both
house and grounds were open for members to wander over as they pleased.
For some members the most interesting thing the house contains is the
Esturmy Horn, perhaps of the 14th century, by possession of which,
traditionally, the Savernake estates are held. This had been specially
taken down from the wall and placed so that the translucent enamels, and
engraving on its bands and mountings could be closely examined. ‘I'wo
old pictures in the hall, showing the old brick house before its remodelling
and facing with stone after the destruction of Savernake Lodge (“The
Ruins,”) in the Seventies of the 19th century were also examined with
much interest. From the house many of the members walked by a short
cut across to Wolfhall, whilst the cars drove round. Arrived at Wolfhall,
they inspected, by kind permission of Mr. F. Gent, the tenant, the outside
of the building formerly known as the “ laundry,” now used as the farm
residence, the former farmhouse, a larger building, largely modern, being
now the residence of Dr. and the Hon. Mrs. A. B. Howitt, who most kindly
allowed the use of their house to the members. ‘The interior of the Laundry
has recently been modernised, and the oak staircase removed to Tottenham
House, but outside, with the exception of a new porch and chimney stack,
it remains much as it was in Tudor days, a fragment, or adjunct, of the
great house which once apparently extended between this building and
the present residence above. Of this nothing whatever besides the Laundry
and perhaps a fragment of the kitchen incorporated in the modern residence
now remains. The Laundry is a beautiful little building, looking as if it
belonged rather to East Anglia than Wiltshire, built of the characteristic
small Tudor bricks with stone window mullions, and a wonderful stack of
twisted and moulded chimney shafts not to be matched elsewhere in the
county. Walking up to the farmyard with its picturesque archway over
the road, the squalid and tumble-down remains of the barn in which were
The Seventieth General Meeting, 353
held the wedding festivities for the marriage of Hen. VIII. with Jane
Seymour were visited. Two-thirds or more of the barn have already
entirely disappeared, and the remaining fragment is beyond repair or
preservation. Both at the Laundry and at the Barn Mr. H. C. Brentnall
said what was necessary in explanation. In a neighbouring barn, kindly
placed at the disposal of the Society by Mr. Gent, an excellent lunch was
laid out. After this had been disposed of the party went on to Great
Bedwyn Church, where the Rev. E. H. Goddard acted as guide. He
pointed out the chief points of interest, and mentioned the screen, removed
first of all from the chancel to the west end of the south aisle, and later
turned out of the Church altogether without a faculty, preserved for a time
at Tottenham House, and recently given to the Victoria and Albert Museum,
where it now occupies an honoured place. Healso mentioned a remarkable
13th century chest, illustrated and described in Karly English Furniture
and Woodwork, by Cescinsky & Gribble, 1922, as once belonging to this
Church. Nothing, however, was known of it by the present Vicar. Starting
again for Chisbury, the cars stopped at the entrance of the road leading up
to the Camp, where on the mound of Wansdyke, which runs up on the
right side of the road, Mr. Albany Major said a few words on the Dyke, to
which he has devoted so much time and study. Passing on up the hill to
the Camp itself, the members assembled on the side of the rampart, whilst
the same speaker, standing under a magnificent old oak growing on the bank,
finished his discourse on the Wansdyke, tracing its course, as he believes,
through Savernake Forest and beyond to Merrill Down, where it branches,
one branch going south past Bedwyn Brails, the other eastwards to end
under Inkpen Beacon. Mr. Major regards it as a line of defence from the
_ Avon to the Thames Valley, and urged that the Wilts Archzeological Society
_ should take up the thorough exploration of this end of the Dyke, and by
_ means of trial sections at intervals settle its real course. He believes, too,
that if looked for, stations and entrenchments along its line would be found in
Wiltshire as they had recently been found in Somerset. Mr. H. C. Brentnall
_ thought it showed no signs of Roman origin, it had been proved to be
_ either Roman or post Roman, and he thought it looked like an unintelligent
- copy of the Roman Wall erected by the Romano- British after the Romans
had left, and intended as a defence against the Saxon attack coming from
the Thames Valley. ‘The attack, however, came from the south, and the
_ work was turned and never attacked, hence it was never mentioned in the
_ Saxon Chronicles. The chapel standing in the farmyard within the camp
was then visited, and the refined beauty of its architecture, still in good
- condition on the whole, was pointed out by Mr. Goddard. It was one of
_ the five chapels formerly existing in the parish of Great Bedwyn, and its
| date is the last quarter of the 13th century, the transition from the Early
- English to the Decorated style.
Little Bedwyn Church was next visited, where Mr. Goddard again acted
-as guide. This is one of the very few Churches in Wiltshire possessing a
| spire. After seeing the Church the party crossed the footbridge over the
railway and canal to Mr. Farmer’s garden, where he had kindly allowed the
| tables to be arranged for tea. At this point the Rev. H. E. Ketchley
'|moved a vote of thanks to Mr. B. H. Cunnington and the Rev. EF, H.
|
|
|
{
354 The Seventieth General Meeting.
Goddard for their services in the arrangement of the meeting and excursions.
The next place to stop at was Froxfield, where the Somerset Hospital or
Almshouse founded by Sarah Duchess of Somerset in 1686, and enlarged in
1775, for fifty widows (thirty lay and twenty clergy widows) was first visited.
Here Mr. EK. Ll. Gwillim, the Steward, gave some account of the ‘Trust and
of its present condition. The trustees took advantage of the high price of
land a short time ago to sell the five farms from which the income was
derived, with the result that the available income was quadrupled and the
number of widows in residence has been considerably increased and will
probably be increased still further. Each widow hasa separate little house
of two rooms, one downstairs and one upstairs, with the services of doctor
and chaplain free, and £1 a week to live upon. ‘he long brick quadrangle
with its air of quiet calm, has a considerable charm of its own, and much
interested the members of the party, many of whom visited both occupied
and unoccupied houses. I*roxfield Church, to which the next move was
made, is a small building which was described by Mr. Goddard, its chief
point of interest being the east end, where are two lancet windows with a
blank space of wall between them, a very unusual feature. ‘he beautiful
German cup, now used as a chalice, of the early years of the 17th century,
was exhibited. ‘There is nothing else like it in the county. This was the
last item on the programme of a very successful and largely-attended
meeting, and everybody made the best of their way back to Marlborough, time
having been kept almost to the minute throughout both days’ excursions.
The balance on the meeting amounted to £23 15s. 9d., a welcome addition
to the General Fund.
309
LIST OF SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED IN ANSWER TO
iad, APPHAL BY THE HON. CURATON FOR £100
FOR NEW GASES FOR THE MUSEUM, 1923.
£5. Mrs. E. Cook, Marquis of Lansdowne, J. Sadler.
£3 3s. Bertram Phillips.
£3. Sir Prior Goldney, Bart.
£2 13s.6d. Dr. R. C. Clay.
£2 2s. Sir Reginald Butler, Bart., ord Fitzmaurice, R. F. Fuller,
Basil Hankey, Earl of Kerry, H. C. Lott, R. 8. Newall,
H. 8. Walker, G. 8. A. Waylen.
£2. Marquis of Bath, Miss A. Bouverie, Major-Gen. T. C. P. Calley,
E. Coward, Mrs. E. H. Goddard, W. 8S. Klein, Field-Marshal
Lord Methuen.
£1 1s. Col. W. Heward Bell, M.P, D. W. Butler, G. J. Churchward,
A. Cook, Rev. G. H. Engleheart, R. C. Gundry, Canon E. P.
Knubley, Viscount Long of Wraxall, J. U. Powell, I. C.
Skurray, Capt. J. E. P. Spicer, P. Williams.
£1. Commander C. A. Codrington, O. G. 8. Crawford, B. H. Cunnington,
Rev. H. E. Ketchley, G. Kidston, Canon F. H. Manley,
J. Moulton, A. D. Passmore, C. IX. Ponting, A. Schomberg,
H. Viney, W. J. E. Warry Stone, Chancellor Wordsworth.
11s. 6d. Capt. G. Penruddocke.
10s. 6d. Lt.-Commander H. Cary, C. T. Flower, Rev. E. Glanfield,
W. Gough, L. O. Hammond, Rev. A. H. Harrison, Mrs. Harrison,
C. W. Heneage, Mrs. G. Hudson, J. T. Jackson, R. Lake, Rev.
| H. C. B. Lethbridge, Dr. H. J. Mackay, C. F. McNiven, Geo.
Simpson and Co., M. K. Sloper, C. Tytherleigh, W. A. Webb,
Rev. R. L. A. Westlake, A. Whitehead.
10s. F. G. H. Armin, W. H. Barrett, H. G. W. d’Almaine, J. A. Fraser,
Mrs. Grant-Meek, J. RK. Neate, H. Sainsbury, Rev. C. Sladen,
| It. H. Stone, W. Rh. Sudweeks, Mrs. Webb, Lt.-Col. R. S. Weston.
6s. T. S. Bush, Col. A. Canning, Rev. J. L. Redfern, Mrs. Stratton, Miss
E. Weston.
| 9s. Anon.
| RECEIPTS. 23. Sy Ole gies EXPENDITURE. e353, Oke
_ Total subscriptions 100 15 Printing appeal, postages,
receipts, &c. Gad
Altering and fitting up old
cases, and making new
| ones oY. Ry ae
| ee ———
| £100 15 0 £100 15 0
\ so ———
356
NOTES.
Survey of the lands of Ferdinand Hughes, of
Bromham, 1652.
[A small 4to MS. presented to the Society by Mr. W. H. Barrett, 1923. ]
A Booke of the S'vey and Admeassurement of all the Landes of Fardinande
Hughes of Bromham in the Countey of Wiltes gent. Meassured by the pole
of sixteene foot & a halfe to the pearch or Statute Measure. And in this
Booke the Letter A standes for Acres the Letter R for Roodes or quarters
of an acre & the Letter P standeth for pearches poles or Luggs, as followeth
in the booke. Memd. that where you find any Letter in the Mergent! of
this Booke that Letter is placed against the thing spoken of And is alsoe
placed in the Mapp for yo" Direction to the place there. By me Edward
May the 3lth Day of off (sec) May Anno Domn 1652.
The (——!) Liveing?
Imprimis one Dwelling howse fayrly built and other houses RR. R. P.
thereunto belonging together w'® one Garden one Court &
one orchard thereunto Adioyneing Conteyning by Measure 0 3 16
One Barne & stable With the Backsid or barken thereunto be-
longing Conteyneing 0 2 30
One Kitching garden that (?) adioyning w'" a fish Pond in him
the garden & pond Conteyneth 0 315
The ground Called the Somer ground is 9 0 20
One ground of Meaddowe next adioyneing East called Slades
Mead Conteyneinge 2) 0412
One Coppice Called the Redd moore conteyning 11 000
The Long Mead next Adioyneing West is 5 | 9 3
One Little Meaddow next adioyneing East called Brownes
Meade conteyneing 2 000
One other Meaddowe next adioyneing East Called Brownes |
Meade Conteyneing 39 00m
One ground of Errable Called the stoneing stile Leaze con- |
teyneing 9 0 05NN
One other ground of Errable next adioyning south-east called |
the Leaze next the stone stile Leaze conteyneing 3 0 0]
One ground of Errable called the whome ground conteyneing 5 034 5
One ground of pasture lying in the west side of the highway |
called the Lower Broomy ground Conteyneing 3 016
One ground next Adioyneing north called the Upper Broomy i
ground Conteyneing 5 311
One ground of Errable & Meaddowe next adioyneing West ]
called the upp’ wearne(?) ground conteyning 4 1 28 |
The other werneyground Errable next adioyneing South-westis 3 2 28 |
The Meaddowe called thicketts meade conteyneth 1 0 105%
1 The letters in the margin are here omitted.
2 This was written ‘“‘ The Whome Liveing,” but ‘ Whome” has been erased | _
and another word which looks like ‘‘ Ford” written in. pi
pi
|
Notes.
The Little Drove at the south End is
One Meaddowe next adioyneing south called Blunt’s Ley Meade
Conteyneth
One ground of pasture next adioyneing West Called Blunts
Ley Conteyneing
Two Meaddowes next adioyneing north called Landes Meades
Conteyneing
One ground of pasture next adioyneing west Called the hether
Clingehill (7) conteyneing
One other pasture ground next adioyning south west called
(—— ?) Clingehill cont.
One other ground of Errable next adioyning westward called
the Clingehills next Durlett Conteyneing
The whole Content of the Whom Liueing besides the Tenem*
is one hundred & Kighteene Akers one yeard And Eight &
Twenty Luggs
The Mill Liveing.
Imprimis one Dwelling house fayrely built together with the
backsids & Garden thereunto belonging Conteyneing
One Mill thereunto belonging and standing at the south-west
end of the Mill ham. ‘The Mill ham thereunto adioyneing it
One other ham Called the little ham lying east of the Dwelling-
house Conteyneing
The Pond Mead next adioyneing in the north side of the Dwell-
ing-house is
One ground of Errable next adioyneing west called Upp'
Waseleys Conteyneing
One other ground of Errable next adioyneing south Called
Lower Waseleys Cont.
Alsoe one Tennement or Cottage in the possession of Walter
Blanchett with A garden thereunto Adioyneing cont
Thomas Shull houldeth one Cottage or tennemt w'® a garden
& wast ground thereunto adioyneing Conteyneing
Soe the Quantetey of the Mill Liveing is twenty fower Acres
& A halfe & Ten Luggs
The Tenemt belonging to the Whome Liveing.
Richard Parsons houldeth one Tenem*® house And one Barne
together w'® one Garden and Backside thereunto belonging
Conteyneing
Robert Akerman houldeth one Tenem* house and one Garden
And one close of pasture thereunto Adioyneing Conteyneing
John Bernard houldeth one Tennemt house with one garden
& orchard & one Little Close of meaddow thereunto belonging
Conteyneing
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXXXIX,
0 0
3 0
Sl
To 3
eo) Sel
Se 0
10 1
A. R,
118 lt
Oma
3 |
3 0
22
8.0
Saal
0} 0)
OF 20
A. R.
24 2
0: 2
ra A
OF NZ
10
00
32
3]
358 Notes.
Edward Aland houldeth one Tenem* house or Cottage with one
Little Garden thereunto belonging Conteyneing 0 015
The whole Some of the Ground belonginge to the tenem'® is
Three Acres & a halfe and thirtey Eight Luggs 3 2-38
The Contents.
The whole Content of all the ground belonging to the whome
Liveinge beside the Tennem* is 118 1 28
The Content of the ground that is to the Tennemen‘ that
belongs to the whome Liveinge is 3. Be
The Content of all the Ground that belongs to the Mill Liveing
is w'" the Tenemte 94 210
So the whole Content of all is 146 2 36
One tennement lying in the Tything off Netherstreet and in the
possesion of Theophiles Peat for terme of two lyues Theophiles
the elder And Theophiles the younger. One Dwelling howse
Conteyneing two ( t) of building & one other out house
thereunto belonging together with one Orchard &oneGarden A. R. P.
& backside Conteyneing by meassure OQ ih 2
Alsoe one close of Meaddowe thereunto Adioyneing East Con-
teyneing 0 73s
Alsoe one other Close of Errable called gunes lying in the west
side of the house ouer athrwrt the lane Conteyneing 2 0, 00
Soe the sume of this Tennemt is 3 0 38
Sarsen Stones in the vale off the Chalk. Asa rule
Sarsens are confined to the surface of the chalk, where they were left when
the softer part of the sands in which they were formed as nodules were
denuded away. Occasionally, however, they occur in the vale at some
little distance from the present line of the chalk escarpment. ‘Thus at the
Westbury Ironworks a large sarsen was found just below the surface of the
ground in 1896, of which there is a photograph in the Society’s Library.
Another lay in the farmyard at Woodlands, Mere, when the Society visited
the house in 1921. A third exists at Stanton Fitzwarren as a “Standing
stone.” And quite recently (May, 1923) my attention was called by Mr.
Cholmeley, the owner of Rodwell Farm, in Hilmarton parish, to a number
of sarsens lying in the flat fields, perhaps half a mile from the foot of the |
chalk escarpment, between the house and the hill. ‘Two at least of these |
appeared to be of large size, with their tops showing just above the ground, |
and several others 3—5ft. across had been found resting on the clay some |
2—8ft. under the surface, in the course of deepening ditches or digging
‘drains. Presumably these are the sole remains of the former northern |
extension of the chalk beyond the present escarpment.
Ep. H. GoppArRp.
Notes. 359
Danvers Precepts for Wiltes, ‘This is a MS. volume
measuring 10 X 8 inches, bound in old brown calf, beautifully written in a
small hand of the latter part of the 16th century,with some ornamental initial
letters. The greater part of the book isin Latin, but some portion isin Eng-
lish. Its contents appear to consist entirely of the various legal forms which
the Sheriff of the county during his tenure of office might find necessary, or
which his under sheriff or clerk might find necessary, in the conduct of the
many matters of legal business, which in those days were transacted under
the authority of the Sheriff. There does not appear to be anything of strictly
local interest connected with the County of Wilts in the volume. Sir John
Danvers, for whose use this book was compiled, was twice Sheriff of Wilts,
in 1573 and 1584, and was the fourth of that name who held the office
during the 16th century. He was the son of Silvester Danvers, of Dauntsey,
(Sheriff in 1547, who died 1552). He married Elizabeth Nevill, daughter of
Lord Latimer. He died 1593 and was buried at Dauntsey. Of his ten
children, Sir Charles Danvers, b. 1572, was beheaded 1600-1; Sir Henry
Danvers, b. 1573, created Baron of Dauntsey, 1602, and Karl of Danby,
1628, died 1643, and was buried at Dauntsey. He founded the Botanic
Gardens at Oxford. ‘These two brothers were the murderers of Henry
Long, at Corsham, in 1594. The third son was Sir John Danvers, the
Negicide.
The book has lately (1923) come into the possession of Capt. B. H.
Cunnington. Fi, :
Roman Pavement near Avebury, In May, 1922, two
labouring men, the Rogers Brothers, of Avebury, whilst ploughing a small
arable field near Avebury Truslowe, came on a patch of tessellated pave-
ment and told the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall, of Winterbourne Bassett, who
passed on the information to myself. The field, called Little Whyr, is a
small one in the occupation of Mr. Farley, of Avebury. It abuts on the
roadway from Avebury Truslowe to Yatesbury, and is the second field on
the Windmill Hill side of that road, after passing the junction of the road-
way leading up to Windmill Hill as you go towards Yatesbury from
Avebury, exactly 1634 yards west of Avebury Church. It seems that
tesserze have been ploughed up in this field for years but no notice seems to
have been taken of them until now. On the matter coming to my notice I
wrote to Mr. Farley asking if we might investigate further and see what
the remains consisted of, and he very kindly allowed us todoso. Mr.
Kendall then arranged to have the patch of pavement which had come to
light cleared, and other trial holes dug round about it. ‘he spot is 38
paces from the edge of the ditch of the hedge at the further side of the
field, parallel with the roadway, and 34 paces from the wire fence of the
next field towards Avebury. The existing pavement is only 64 inches
under the surface, so that it is a wonder that it has so long escaped the
plough. The patch uncovered, which does not seem to extend further,
measures 9ft. by 6ft. 10in., and is obviously only part of a larger pavement,
the rest of which has perished. ‘The centre of the patch is occupied by a
rectangular area ornamented with squares of three different colours
2 Bee
360 Notes.
arranged diagonally, measuring now 3ft. 5in. by 2ft.2in. This is surrounded
by a plain groundwork of purplish Keynsham (?) stone, of the same material
as the usual Roman stone roof tiles. ‘The squares measure 72 inches each
way, and are nine tesserze (or sometimes ten) square. About 30 squares
remain, some very imperfect. The materials used for the different colours
are those usually found in Roman pavements in Wiltshire; tile for the red,
a very fine grained hard white lias ? for the white, perhaps from the Bath
neighbourhood, and the Keynsham (?) grit used for roofing tiles for the dull
reddish purple. .
A few large flints, and lumps of chalk, and one or two coral rag stones
and other oolites, probably from the Calne neighbourhood, were found, no.
doubt the remnants of the footing of the walls of the dwelling, long since
grubbed out on account of their value ina country destitute of building stone
other than sarsen. There were a couple of complete, or nearly complete,
hexagonal roof tiles of the usual Keynsham (?) stone with the nail holes
still in them, a fragment or two of pottery roof tile, a few oyster shells and
bones, a few fragments of pottery, including the base of a red-painted vessel
of imitation Samian and a fragment from the neck of a vessel of black
ware, both probably of late date. The only thing of any interest known to
have been found on the site is the bronze object here illustrated, which
“ ger C7 =, f
f f
PY oe }
ass Ueto, jie ee ANA LARA oA \
Bronze object, ? Bridle ornament from site of Roman Dwelling,
Avebury Truslowe =
2
ea
out
=~ wok. ry
PS
ta
rah
aie
Now er
Yemen
‘Sy 7aae
Seon
Als,
pw Bele:
a es
~
LO)
‘ay
zs]
rH
‘2
in
Tessell ated pavement from Roman House near Avebury Truslowe, 1923.
Notes. 361
seems to be a later derivative of the bronzes with a ring at each end and
boss in the centre (probably in this case represented by a bronze-headed
rivet through the existing centre hole), which Mr. Reginald Smith illustrates
and describes in his paper in Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd ser., vol, xxix., p. 24. If
this is so, it was doubtless the ornament rivetted to a strap of a horse’s
bridle. It isin Mr. Passmore’s collection.
It was not posible to take a photograph of the pavement ; the illustration
here given is from a rough sketch and notes taken on the spot by myself. The
surround and the darkest squares are of the purplish Keynsham (?) stone,
the lighter shaded squares of red tile tesserze. With regard to the material
of the dark purplish tesseree, a specimen was very kindly submitted by Miss
M. C. Tuck to two geological authorities at Bristol University, Prof. S. H.
Reynolds, who thought it might be either Old Red Sandstone, or from the
Carboniferous Strata in the Keynsham neighbourhood—and Dr. F. S.
Wallis, who thought it Old Red Sandstone from the neighbourhood of
Hereford. ‘This latter locality seems a long distance to bring the ordinary
material for stone tiles to Wiltshire. Kp. H. GopDARD.
Sarsen Mill Stone (?). Just on the N. side of the Marl-
borough road, about 500 yards on the Marlborough side of Silbury Hill, Mr,
A. D. Passmore found in July, 1923, a large circular sarsen, which
apparently had been partly worked into shapeasa mill stone but never com-
pleted. He thought from the presence of oyster shells that it may of been
of Roman age. It was left in the hedge near the spot where it was found,
on account of its bulk and weight. He describes it thus :—‘‘ The stone is
not worked on the face. One side is chipped roughly like the top of a
flattish bun, or perhaps a better description of the whole thing is that it is
exactly like a big tabloid, flat edge, rounded sides. On one face it seems
that the workman starting from the edge, commenced to finish off the job
by flattening it, but after doing about 6 inches square he gave up.” A
photo of the stone has been given by Mr. Passmore to the society’s
collection.
Lord Audley’s Wiltshire Estates. A bound folio volume
containing the MS. accounts of the rentals of Lord Audley’s estates in
Melksham and Groveley from 1793 to 1818; Particulars of the property at
Melksham and Chippenham in 1815; an abstract of the will of the Earl of
Castlehaven, 1744; and a number of letters, &c., connected with these
properties ; being apparently No. 20010 in the Phillipps’ MSS., and sub-
sequently in the Morrison collection, has recently been purchased for the
Society’s Library.
Cross Shaft at Upper Widhill, My attention was called
in August, 1923, by the Rev. H. E. Robeson, Rector of Blunsdon, to a Cross
shaft which he thought might belong to the base and lower portion of the
shaft of a cross in the churchyard at Broad Blunsdon. ‘This latter consists
of the base or socket stone, and about 2ft. of the octagonal shaft fixed on it.
On examining the piece of shaft about 3ft. out of the ground now standing
in the garden of Upper Widhill Farm, in the parish of Cricklade St. Samp-
son, from which it is 3} miles distant, but only a little way from Broad
362 Notes.
Blunsdon, it became evident that this piece of plain octagonal shaft must
have belonged to another cross doubtless standing at Upper Widhill itself,
as a careful measurement of its circumference showed that it was too large
to fit on to the existing Blunsdon Cross. There is in the garden of the
Rectory at Broad Blunsdon the broken base stone with socket for the gable
cross of the fifteenth century, obviously removed from the Church at the
Restoration when the present new cross was set up. Ip. H. GopDARD.
Old Chest, Great Bedwyn Church. “The earliest chests
of which we have any knowledge date from the middle 13th century. The
tops nearly always open on pin hinges, that is, on two pins fixed at the
ends of the back under-clamp of the top and socketed into the uprights of
the sides. These are rarely, if ever, found in the 14th century, heavy iron
clamp-hinges being substituted. Fig. 1 (Vol. IL, p.2. Harly Hnglish
Furniture and Woodwork, by Herbert Cescinsky and Ernest Gribble, 1922,
Ato) is the 13th century type of chest, from Great Bedwyn Church, Wiltshire.
It is roughly constructed, yet in a characteristically 13th century manner.
The front is a solid board of oak of great width, roughly finished with the
saw marks left on its surface, tenoned into heavy uprights. These project
over the ends and are united from front to back by two heavy cross pieces,
the tenons of which are carried through to the front. The lower one
supports the bottom of the chest, which is made from stout wood to carry
heavy weights. ‘The ends are housed into the heavy styles, and are fixed
to the cross pieces. ‘There is no attempt at ornamentation, although
originally, the bottom of the upright styles may have been carved with
simple cusping. Theironwork at present on the chest is all of a much later
date.”
Extract from Cescinsky’s Hist. of Woodwork and Furniture, 1922.
This chest is no longer in Great Bedwyn Church, and nothing is known
by the present Vicar as to its disappearance. It is now, however, in the
Victoria and Albert Museum, having been “acquired by the museum in
1920.” It is also described and illustrated in the Catalogue of the Gothic
aud Early Tudor furniture in the museum which has recently been published.
Ep. H. Gopparp.
Latten Pyx from Cottage at Codford St. Peter.
Canon Douglas Macleane, Rector of Codford St. Peter, 1884—1914, in
answer to an enquiry, wrote on June 5th, 1923 :—“ You asked me the other
day about a pyx found by me in a cottage (not an ancient one) at Codford
St. Peter, as long ago, I find, as 1891. I have not been able to get a
photograph of it, but enclose a pen-and-ink sketch by the present chaplain,
Mr. Malden, at Ashdown Park. The inscription is ‘IHS est in isto loco.
The pyx is in two halves with a hinge, and is, if I remember rightly, of
brass or latten. It bore traces of gilding, and has since been re-gilded and
repaired by Barkentin & Krall. It is used for the wafers in the Countess
of Craven’s private chapel at Ashdown Park. ‘The old lady from whom I |
bought it (for £1) was named Smith, an old inhabitant of Codford St.
Peter. I should fancy it may have been used as a tobacco box.” |
The pyx itself is here reproduced from Mr. Malden’s sketch about half- |
size. Its measurements are 2%in. high, 3in. in diameter. .
7
Notes. 363.
Latten Pyx from Codford St. Peter, with inscription on the same enlarged.
Masons’ Marks on the Barton Barn at Bradford-
on-Avon,! So far I have not been able to discover more than 13 of
these marks, and two of those are rather doubtful although they cannot be
omitted. The marks are probably hasty representations of familiar and
perhaps favoured forms including the bow with arrow, the heraldic cross-
crosslet, the cross, letter N with diagonal line drawn generally from the base
of the front upright to the top of the hinder upright, oblong with ends of
bounding lines produced (Oxford frame), the saltire or S. Andrew’s cross,
and another form which may be a mason’s pick (this last with the crosslet
are generally drawn of a very large size, extending sometimes right over
the stone and about 18 inches long). The plain arrowhead and hunting
horn concludes the list of all I can name. N and the figure just below the
bow and arrow.are the most frequent and it may, I think, be concluded
that they are the marks of the men who did most of the work.
There is one noticeable difference between these ancient forms and the
more recent examples, inasmuch as the older marks are Jess mechanical in
regard to drawing. In recent masons’ marks the curveis carefully avoided,
while the ancient workmen freely employed it, the recent mason rules all
his straight lines, so far as I can judge, but the older man was not at all
particular about either ruling or about similarity of angles.
‘The Society is indebted to Mr. Dotesio, of Bradford-on-Avon, for the
loan of the block illustrating this note.
364 Notes.
These marks were intended simply for identification ; in the case of bad
workmanship the foreman would look at the mark and understand to whom
the blame for faulty work was due. W. G. CoL.ins.
Masons’ Marks on the Barton Barn at Bradford-on-Avon.
Langdean Stone Circle. In the valley due south of the village
of East Kennett stands an unrecorded stone circle, to which I have given
the above name, which Mr, Crawford tells me was the title of the valley in
the 17th century.
South of the village and immediately east of the great long barrow
(E. Kennett, I.) are several curious lines of upright closely set sarsens
bordering the old Ridgeway. ‘They have apparently been cleared off the
land to facilitate ploughing; the regularity of the work gives them an
Notes.
Langdean Circle, E. Kennett.
Plan of Langdean Circle, EK. Kennett.
366 Notes.
ancient appearance. Twelve hundred yards almost due south of the long
barrow, at the junction of two grass valleys, stands a curious collection of
stones quite unlike anything in the county. Unfortunately the whole valley
has been dug for flints in modern times, resulting in the fall of many stones
which formerly stood upright, and as some have fallen outwards and some
inwards the regularity of the ancient plan has been somewhat obscured.
Where the valleys join there is a level space confined by sharply rising hills.
On the west side of this runs an irregular north and south line of stones,
the first three of which (to the north) are upright and in their original
position. The third one has been worked up to a smooth face, in front of
which lie three stones set like a small pavement. The worked stone stands
3ft. above ground, 4ft. wide, and 14ft. thick. Beyond this the stones are
now so irregularly placed that nothing definite can be said of them.
A short distance east of this line stands a small circle consisting of eight
stones which once stood upright. At the west side are two large stones,
forming an entrance facing slightly north of west. Between the eastern
edge and the centre of the circle stands a thin upright slab 3ft. high, its
longest axis being almost in the centre line. Outside the circle and in the _|
same line formerly stood a large stone 6ft. high, which has fallen to the
south. The stones vary from 3ft. to 6ft. long. ‘The whole stands on slightly
raised ground, which may be the remains of a barrow.
Due south of the circle is a curious oblong enclosure confined by fallen
and standing stones; itis 141ft. long and 42ft. wide, the longer axis being
east and west. ‘he east end is bounded by a bank excavated into the
hillside, while the west end is open, but at a distance of 6Uft. there is a large
stone lying in the centre line. ‘here are eighteen stones on the north side
and seven remain on the south: they vary from 2ft. to 6ft. in length.
This small circle, together with one on Avebury Down and one other
which formerly existed at Monkton, form a small group of a class that are
common in Scotland but rare in this part of England, these three being all
that have been recorded from Wiltshire: the western entrance to the Lang-
dean Circle is also a very rare feature in England, although it is common in
Ireland and Germany.
It is satisfactory to state that thisinteresting group has been taken under
the protection of H.M. Inspector of Ancient Monuments.
: A. D. PASSMORE.
Chambered Long Barrow in West Woods. O.M. |
XXXV. N.E. Six Inch, contains the large West Woods. To the south of
these is Barrow Copse, just south of Wansdyke, and in the parish of Overton
(West). In this copse is Barrow 12, Overton (Goddard), (Smith, XVI, K.. 1
VIL.), recorded as a large bowl-shaped barrow, unopened. While recently
there I found it to be a true long barrow, lying east and west. Length
120ft., width 66ft., and 10ft. high: the side ditches,which are not continued
round the ends, are now 4ft. deep and 18ft. wide.
Half-way along the crest are marks of a former opening, otherwise it is. |
in fine condition. It stands in thick wood. Mr. S. Hilliard, the chief |
woodman, states that about 1880 the late Sir Henry Meux employed six |
Notes. 367
men (of whom he was one) to open the mound. A trench was cut from the
north side into what was thought to be the centre of the tumulus. At this
point a small cairn of small sarsen stones was reached. In the centre of
this was a dolmen consisting of four upright stones (the spaces between
which were packed with large flints) and a capstone covering them, all of
sarsen. ‘The large top stone was levered off, as much as the six men could
do, and the inside was found to contain certain black matter, my informant
was unable to say of what nature. He did not see any bones or pottery.
The inside of the dolmen was about 6ft. by 3ft., its longer axis coinciding
with that of the barrow. As it contained no relics it was left undisturbed,
the capstone replaced in its old position, and the excavation filled in.
Although exhibiting features which proclaim it to be a long barrow, this
mound may, perhaps, more truly be called an oval mound of a transitional
period, the stone chamber in the middle being unusual.
A. D. PASSMORE.
Discovery of the Commonplace Book of the Mayor
of Wilton, circa. 1306. The writers wish to report the discovery of
an interesting early fourteenth century Collection or Commonplace book
among the archives of the Wilton Corporation.
They were asked, early this year (1923) to examine the corporation’s un-
classified documents and MSS., and to report on anything they might find.
The Collection in question was discovered by the Rev. P. Rk. B. Brown, and
proves of great interest. It is an incomplete MSS. on fine vellum, in several
different thirteenth century hands, measuring 82 inches by 5g inches, and
containing thirteen leaves (of which two are blank) and two strips attached.
The contents, with the exception of four lines of English verse, are in Latin
or Norman-I’rench, and comprise :—an elaborate list of matters and cir-
cumstances profitable or harmful to most of the organs of the body ;
prayers and meditations (many of these metrical) ; charms ; lists of lucky
and unlucky days ; a long metrical version and exposition of the Lord’s
Prayer; weather forecasts based on the incidence of Christmas and the
occurrence of wind at that time ; copies of documents concerning the affairs
of the Corporation of Wilton ; and various prescriptions, ranging from the
cure of glanders to the assurance of success in love.
The MS. is clearly dated as 1306 circa. by the legal documents included.
The writers deduce from the signatures attached to the copies of Corpor-
ation documents, and from the personal application of some of the prayers,
that the collection belonged to Robertus de Brudecomb, Mayor of Wilton,
and was in fact his Commonplace book.
Although some of the contents are paralleled by those in existing Collec-
tions, the MS. is of importance as containing material entirely new, notably
_ the long metrical version, with exposition, of the Lord’s Prayer in Norman-
i] )
French, hitherto unknown, and the English quatrain mentioned, which
considerably antedates an existing poem in the Harleian MSS.
The writers hope later to publish a transcription and translation.
Noraw RICHARDSON.
Percy R. Barrineton brown.
368 Notes.
Pits in Battlesbury Camp. By Mrs. M.E.Cunnington. In
the spring of 1922 a brick and cement tank was made on the highest point
in Battlesbury Camp, near Warminster, and a trench was dug from the
cistern across the camp and out through the north-western entrance in
which to lay the pipes supplying the tank with water.
The trench was dug in the chalk and intersected at several places patches —
of dark soil in which were fragments of pottery, bones, etc., and it appeared —
probable that these were pits similar to those commonly met with on sites ©
inhabited in prehistoric times. With the kind permission of Mr. Bazley, ©
Boreham Farm, Warminster, the owner of the land, we dug out these patches |
of dark soil and found them to be pits of the usual type. They were all
roughly circular, with practically vertical sides, and filled in to the top with —
black humus mixed with chalk rubble in which were occasional sherds of |
pottery, broken and sometimes charred bones of animals, burnt flints, and |
other relics, as described below.
Ata depth of 4ft. Pit 2 was found to contain a level flooring of what
appeared to be puddled chalk and ashes; this “ flooring” was a foot thick |
and beneath it was another foot of very damp black earthy soil. Pits Nos. |
4 and 8 were remarkable as being double pits, 7z.e., they appeared as two
separate circular pits but placed so close together that a portion of their |
circumferences intersected each other. In both No. 4 and No. 8 the com- |
municating pits were of different depths (see Fig. 2). |
Det ay
‘ail
rye TE phe pint
[Dig aeatint
ind jl! Tun
. "V1
1.—Plan of double pit in Battlesbury Camp, 1922.
9.—Section of the same pit. A, surface soil ; B, filling in.
Scale Zin. = Ift.
THe Date OF THE OCCUPATION REPRESENTED BY THE PITs. [
From the general character of the pottery, together with the fact that |
iron was found in several of the pits, there can be no doubt that the relics |
belong to a period after the use of iron was well established in Britain. |”
The association of sling bullets, an iron sickle-shaped key, a saddle quern, |
a rotary quern, and flint hammerstones, points unmistakably to the pre- |
Roman Iron Age. The evidence, as far as it goes, suggests a date at the |
earliest not more than a century or two before the Roman conquest, lasting |
perhaps to, but not appreciably beyond that event.
Notes. 369
This suggested date for the period of occupation represented by these
pits is based chiefly on the absence of any pottery of the All Cannings
Cross type, and the rarity of bowls of the inbent or bead rim type.
The evidence is strongly in favour of the site at All Cannings Cross
having ceased to be inhabited about 300 B.C. Rotary querns do not seem
to have been used there, and even the rudest pottery was ornamented with
finger-tip impressions. At Battlesbury not a single fragment of pottery
thus ornamented was found, and rotary querns were in use. It seems,
therefore, that between the abandonment of the one, and the settlement of
the other site, that the fashion in pottery had undergonea very considerable
change, implying a considerable lapse of time. It is, however, perhaps not
improbable that this change in the type of domestic pottery was partly due
to later waves of immigration from the Continent.
That the pits at Battlesbury were filled up before the period of the Roman
occupation appears to be proved by the absence from them of any Roman
pottery, and of the hard-baked wheel-turned bead rim bowls that in the
first century of our era seem to have supplanted all the earlier and ruder
forms of cooking pots in this part of the country. Bowls of this type were
found in great abundance with first century remains at Casterley Camp,
| Knap Hill Camp, and at Oare. (W.A.J/., xxxvill, 53; xxxvii., 42; xxxvi.,
ples.)
From the number of pits cut through by a single trench, 312 yards in
length, it is probable that there are a large number in the area enclosed
_by the ramparts, and if more were opened it is possible that other evidence
might be found to show that the site was occupied for a longer period than
that suggested by the pits here described.
All the objects found have been placed in the Society’s Museum, by kind
permission of Mr. Bazley.
The following list gives the size of the various pits, and their position on
‘the line of the trench, measured from the inner edge of the rampart on the
‘western side of the north-western entrance, through which the trench was
dug up to the reservoir. Nine pits were found, counting the two double
pits (Nos. 4 and 8) each as one.
| Pit No. Depth. Diameter. Distance from edge of rampart.
] 5ft. 6in. Aft. 4in. 78ft.
2 6ft. 3in. SEG: 11 4ft.
3 6ft. 8in. 5ft. 6in. 194ft.
io 4 ee (ete 4in, 226ft.
3ft. Yin. 5ft.
, 7% 6ft. 5ft. 251ft.
y 4ft. 4in. 4ft. . 301 ft.
| ae 7 4ft. 6in. 3ft. 9in. 439ft.
| Teg 3ft. 3in. ie Qin. 532ft.
| oft. 4ft. 9in.
9 6ft. 6ft. 6in. 649ft.
THE PoTTerRy,
| The pottery consists of fragments of hand-made vessels of cooking pot
1 Double, or intercommunicating pits.
|
|
|
370 Notes.
type, and devoid of any sort of ornament. One sherd only, of a finer buff-
coloured ware, apparently part of a‘ butt-shaped” vase, has an indefinite
ornament of two rows of straight parallel lines impressed on the ware before
baking. ‘There are several fragments of hollow foot bases, and several of
the flat bases are perforated with one or more holes.
No fragment of Roman pottery, or any showing Roman influence, was
found. ‘The pottery as a whole is rather coarse and characterless. ‘The
ware, especially that of the larger vessels, is freely mixed with fossil
shell, pounded flint, and vegetable matter in the form of chopped straw or
grass stems.
The pottery seems to have been thrown, or more probably silted, into
the pits in broken pieces with the other rubbish as chance dictated, and
only in two cases were enough pieces of the same vessel found to make it
possible to restore their original size and shape.
As a whole the pottery is fairly well baked. A few pieces show distinct
polishing, but the surface of most of the vessels was only roughly tooled.
The only vessels the shape of which could be restored were a large hand-
made bowl], with an incipient bead rim, a prototype of the wheel-turned
bowls so numerous about the beginning of the Roman era, and a flat open
dish of the type known as grain dishes,similar to those from the Glastonbury
lake-village, but without a grooved rim. (Glastonbury, Vol. IL., p. 521.)
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE OF OBJECTS FOUND IN Pits IN BaTTLESBURY
CAMP.
1.—Iron sickle shaped key, point slightly flattened ; handle end turned
back to form loop; length in straight line from tip to loop 113in. Pit 4.
This type of key is sometimes called the ‘“‘ Celtic ” key, and is found with
Late-Celtic and Romano-British remains. ‘The way in which it was used
is a matter of some difference of opiuinion. For references, etc., see The —
Glastonbury Lake- Village, I1., 375.
?.—Iron knife blade, with rivet; length 5in. Pit 1.
3.—Iron ring, diam. 54in. Two other similar rings were found with this |
one at the bottom of Pit 8; one is of the same diam., the other din. less. |
With these were found Figs. 4, 5, and a flat iron blade, 72in. long, with |
midrib down the centre, possibly the handle end of a sword; anda thin |
strip of iron, 24in. X lin., with a long rivet at each end.
4.—Iron cleat such as may have been used for clamping wood or leather |
(seeabove, Fig 3). Similar cleats were found by Pitt-Rivers, see Hxcavations, |
ey 132.0905 02 nete:
5.—Iron rivet of square section with square bolts, or washers, at each |
end (see above, lig. 3).
6.—Thin sickle-shaped blade of iron, the end of the tang bent over into
a hook; there are traces of wood on the tang, so that it seems to have been |
attached to a wooden handle of some kind ; the cutting edge seems to have |
been on the inner side of the blade. Pit 9.
7.—Iron saw with two rivets ; the saw appears to be complete ; it averages | _
about lin. in width, and is 8tin. long, 13in. of this forming the handle, or |
tang, for insertion into a wooden handle. Like modern Oriental saws, and
{
Notes. 371
most, if not all, prehistoric ones, the teeth slope towards the handle, so that
the sawing was done when the blade was drawn back towards the operator,
and just the opposite way to that of modern saws. ‘The teeth are set in
twos, alternately from side to side; being thus in pairs it is comparatively
easy to count them even in their present rusted condition; they number
sixty-six. Pit 9.
This interesting object may be compared with an iron saw found complete
with its wooden handle at the Glastonbury Lake-Village (Vol. II, 371;
1, 53; here, also, will be found references to the discovery of other ancient
saws). This example is very nearly the same size as the Battlesbury one,
it has two rivets, and the same number of teeth, but they appear to be set
singly and not in pairs.
8.—A small metacarpal bone (of sheep ?), with one hole bored through
both surfaces of the bone, and another hole through one surface only, but
opposite it a prick mark, as if the intention had been to bore this through
too ; the bone is not bored longitudinally. Pit 9.
A worked bone identical with this, except that the two holes are completed,
was found at the Glastonbury Lake-Village, and the writer of the report
stated that no parallel was then known to him (Vol. II., 423, B168). One
of the holes is midway down the shaft, the other being 4mm. nearer the
distal end, exactly as in the Battlesbury example.
9.—Scoop-like bone implement, with rivet hole at the butt end; butt
‘partially trimmed and bone hollowed out longitudinally. Length 6$in.
it 4.
10.—Large heavy hand-made bowl of grey to black ware with tooled
surface. This seems to be a prototype of the well-formed wheel-turned
bowls that are so commonly found in this part of the country associated
with remains dating from about the beginning of the Roman occupation.
The form of this bow] may be compared with one from the Glastonbury
Lake-Village (Vol. II. Pl. LXXV., v.) Height, 12in.; rim diam., 10din. ;
base, 6in. Pit 4.
Vessel from Pit in Battlesbury Camp, 1922.
Objects of Iron and Bone from Pits in Battlesbury Camp, 1922. 3: '
Notes. 313
Other objects found but not illustrated include the following :—
Piece of a turned ring of Kimmeridge shale, probably part of a bracelet.
Pit 2.
Twenty-four or twenty-five sling bullets of clay, found together in Pit 4;
these are exceptionally roughly made and badly baked ; some are partly
blackened, the others are of a yellowish clay colour. ‘’wo or three are in
fragments ; hence the uncertainty as to the exact number.
A much better modelled and baked sling bullet was found in Pit 8.
Piece of the upper stone of a rotary quern. Pit 1.
A much-worn saddle quern. Pit 2.
Four flint hammerstones. Pits 1, 2, 6.
Pieces of fine sandstone used as whetstones. Pits 4, 6.
The few bones found were fragmentary and appear to be the remains of
animals used for food. ‘The following animals were represented :—a small
ox (bos longifrons ?), pony or small horse, sheep, goats, pig, red deer, roe
deer. The only human bone was part of a radius in Pit 6.
Fragments of pottery were found in all the pits, these are described
separately on page 370.
The only piece of bronze found was a small pin that may have belonged
to a penannular brooch, picked up in the rubble thrown out from the trench.
It seems well to take this opportunity to put on record the fact that a
considerable number of human skeletons have from time to time been un-
earthed in the course of quarrying chalk from the pit close to, and just
outside the north-west entrance of Battlesbury Camp. From informa-
tion obtained locally it seems that these burials were, at least some of
them, made in the contracted position, and about 14ft.. to 2ft. below the
turf. Mention was made of a mother and child (z.é., a child and an adult)
found together ; sometimes as many as five or six skulls seem to have been
found close to one another. One skull was described as having a complete
double set of teeth. Another skull was taken away by a medical student
and is now in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in London.
All the others seem to have been destroyed. We could not hear of any
associated objects being found with the skeletons.
The Caley Collection of MSS. There have recently been
purchased for the Society’s Library two bound folio volumes of MSS.
papers with printed title-page, ““A Feudal History of Wiltshire Being
collections of Cases on Manorial Rights and Boundaries, Copies of Deeds,
Researches on Endowments, Impropriations, Tithes, Ecclesiastical and
Corporation Rights and Immunities, Franchises, Tolls, Fairs, Markets,
Bridges, Titles of many Estates, Extracts from Records from the XI. to
XVIII. Centuries, arranged under their several parishes. By John Caley,
Keeper of Records in the Augmentation Office and Secretary to the
Record Commission.” This title is more grandiose than the contents of
the volumes warrant, which consist largely of letters from Mr. Caley himself
giving the result of searches in records as to tithes and enquiries on other
matters, but the collection is well known, and it will. make a desirable
addition to the Library. The volumes dealing with other counties are now
for the most part in libraries connected with the localities with which they
deal. Reference to these papers is easy, as they are bound up under
parishes arranged in alphabetical order.
om, XGIT— NO. CXXXIXx. 2 C
374
WILTS OBITUARY.
Maurice Henry Hewlett, died June 15th, 1923, aged 62.
Cremated at Woking, the ashes being buried at Chislebury Rings. B.
Jan. 22nd, 1861, eldest son of Henry Gay Hewlett, himself a scholar,
educated at the London International College at Spring Grove, Isleworth.
Called to the Bar 1891. Keeper of the Land Revenue Records, 1896—1900.
Married 1888, Hilda Beatrice, d. of the Rev. G. W. Herbert, and had a son
and daughter (Mrs. Robin Richards). His son, Wing Commander F.E.T.
Hewlett, D.S.O., O.B.E., took part in the Cuxhaven Raid on Christmas
Day, 1914, and served at Dunkirk and in the East. Mrs. Hewlett was one
of the earliest women motorists, and later took to flying, being the first
woman to gain the Aero Club’s certificate. She started a flying school at
Brooklands, and afterwards entered into partnership with M. Blondeau in
constructing aeroplanes, building many for the Government during the war.
Mr. Hewlett went to Broad Chalke more than twenty years ago, and had
lived there—except for a few years—ever since. For many years he lived
at the Old Rectory, where he made a beautiful garden. Latterly he had
lived in a smaller house in the village, where he died. He was a District
Councillor and since 1921 an Alderman of the County Council, and was
Chairman of the Housing Committee, as well as a member of the Education
Committee. He wasa J.P. for Wilts. He took a particularly keen interest
in the housing question, and was one of the three promoters of the ‘‘S. Wilts
Housing Society,” intended to assist people to purchase houses for them-
selves. In politics he was an advanced Liberal. He was a keen gardener
and of late had written many gardening articles in Country Life. During
his later years he threw himself with eagerness into country life, and
came to understand the Wiltshire labourer, and what is more to appreciate
him, as very few literary men have ever done, as he showed to the world
in “Our First and Last,” where he boldly affirmed that the Wiltshire —
Labouring Manis by blood predominantly Neolithic still, and neither Saxon
nor Norman nor Dane, and that that blood is, taken all round, some of the
best biood to be found in England to-day. ‘To him the labouring man was
not merely ‘‘ Hodge,” as he is to ninety-nine out of every hundred literary
men. ‘The people of Broad Chalke and the neighbourhood knew this and
reciprocated his respect,
The 7imes of June 16th, 1923, had an appreciative article on his work as
a writer, headed “A great creative Imagination. Colour and Romance,”
tracing the very varied stages of his talent from the time when he first found
himself famous as the author of ‘‘ The Forest Lovers,” a book which went
all over the world, to the time when ‘‘ Towards the end of his life in his
country home at Broad Chalke . . . he began to write new prose ‘In
a Green Shade,’ ‘ Wiltshire Essays,’ and many delightful articles, critical,
appreciative, philosophical, or simply descriptive . . . writing with an
economy and distinctness rare in English prose.” The Salisbury Times of
June 22nd, 1923, in a long obituary article, quotes this, as well as an
appreciation by Mr. Frederic Harrison, in the 7ribune. The Waltshire
Wilts Obituary. 375
Times of June 23rd gives a good portrait and reprints Mr. J. C. Squire’s
excellent article from the Observer of June 17th. He observes that after
he came to Broad Chalke “ His interest shifted back to the soil and thelife
of the country; simultaneously his language, though always full of flavour,
grew simpler, less mannered and jewelled than it had been.” Country
Life of June 23rd, too, with an appreciative notice in much the same sense,
contains also a letter from “ A villager who knew him well,” ending: “the
world will mourn a great man. But we mourn a friend, one of the kindest
men who ever lived,” not a bad epitaph even for one so widely known as an
essayist, a novelist, and a poet. The Jdlustrated London News of June 23rd
had an excellent photo portrait of him, and the Wiltshire Times had another.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL List OF HIS WRITINGS.
[This list is by no means complete. ]
‘“ Thorgills of Treadholt.”
“A Masque of Dead Florentines, wherein some of Death’s
Choicest Pieces and the Great Game that he played there-
with are fruitfully set forth,’ Pictured by J. D. Batten. 1895.
Thin sm. 4to. Buckram. 1st edition.
‘Earthwork out of Tuscany.” 1895. Another ed.,1901. Post 8vo.
“Songs and Meditations.” 1896. Ist edit. Cloth. Post 8vo.
2nd edit. (2) 1897.
“The Forest Lovers: a Romance.” 1898. Ist edit. Thick post
8vo. Cloth. 2nd edit. 1898. Cloth.
“Pan and the Young Shepherd, a Pastoral in two acts.”
1898. Ist edit. J. Lane. Post 8vo. Cloth. 2nd edit. 1899.
“Madonna of the Peach Tree.” Special double number of Black-
wood’s Mag., No. 1000. 1899. Thick 8vo. Wrappers. Not reprinted.
“Little Novels of Italy.” 1899. Post 8vo. Ist edit. Cloth.
Another edit. 1902. Post 8vo. Cloth.
“The Life and Death of Richard Yea-and-Nay.” 1900. Ist
edit. Post 8vo. Cloth.
“For England’s Sake.” 1900.
“The New Canterbury Tales” 1901. ist edit. Cr. 8vo. Cloth.
“The Queen’s Quair, or the Six Years’ Tragedy.” 1904. Cr.
8vo. Cloth. Other editions.
‘“Quattrocentisteria (How Sandro Botticelli saw Simonetta
in the Spring).” T. B. Mosher. Portland, Maine. 1904. 18mo.
“The Fool Errant: being the Memoirs of Francis-Antony
Strelley, Citizen of Lucca.” 1905. Post &vo. Ist edit. Cloth.
“Fond Adventures, Tales of the Youth of the World.” 1905.
Cr. 8vo. Ist edit.
“The Road in Tuscany, a Commentary.” 1904. Large cr. 8vo.
Two vols., 200 photogravures and illustrations by Joseph Pennell.
Another edit. 1906. Post 8vo.
“The Stooping Lady.” Macmillan & Co. 1907. Cloth. Post 8vo,
pp. x1. + 100.
376 Wilts Obituary.
“The Spanish Jade.” Cassell & Co. 1908. Cr. 8vo. Cloth. Col®.
illust. by W. Hyde, pp. xii. + 320. Ist edit. |
“Halfway House. A Comedy of Degrees.” Chapman & Hall.
1908. Cr. 8vo, pp. vill. + 387. [Published first in weekly edition of
The Times. |
“Beckwith’s Fairy.” Scribner's Mag., Aug., 1909, Vol. XLVI., pp.
pp. 129—140. | |
“Letters to Sanchia.” Begun in Fortnightly Review, July, 1909.
Pub. 1910. Parchment. |
*“Artemision: Idylls and Songs.” 1909. Cr. 8vo. Buckram. |
Ist edit. |
“Open Country: a Comedy witha Sting.” 1909. Post 8vo. Ist edit.
“Rest Harrow.” 1910. Cloth. 1st edit.
“Tolstoy ” (poem). Sortnightly Rev., Dec., 1910.
“On Fairies.” Hnglish Rev., March, 1911. .
“The Agonists: a Trilogy of God and Man.” Macmillan.
1911. Ist edit.
“The Song of Renny.” 1911. Cr. 8vo. Ist edit.
“ Brazenhead the Great.” Smith Elder & Co. 1911.
“Mrs. Lancelot, a Comedy of Assumptions.” 1912. cr. 8vo. 1st edit.
‘““Bendish, a Study in Prodigality.” 1913. cr. 8vo. Ist edit.
“Lore of Proserpine.” Macmillan. 1913. cr. 8vo. pp. xlil. + 288.
(Stories of Fairies, &c.). Reviewed Times Literary Supplement, May.
8th, 1913. say
“ Helen Redeemed and other Poems.” 1913. cr. 8vo. Ist edit.
“Sing Songs of the War.” 1914. Wrapper. Ist edit.
“ The Little Iliad.” 1915. | ene si.
“ A Lover’s Tale.” Illustrated by M. Greiffenhagen. 1915.
“Frey and his Wife.” Illustrated by M. Griffenhagen. 1916(%). Ist
edition. its | 3
“Love and Lucy.” 1916. 1st edit.
“The Song of the Plow, being the English Chronicle.” 1916.
Ist edit. Cloth. . .
“Gai Saber: Tales and Songs.” Elkin Matthews. 1916. Ist edit. |
“The Loving History of Peridore and Paravail.” Collins. 1917. |
Ist edit. Reviewed Times Literary Supplement, Nov. 22nd, 1917.
‘‘Gudrid the Fair.” Constable. 1918. cr. 8vo. pp. xiv. + 264. |
Poem reviewed Times Literary Supplement, Sept. 26th, 1918.
““The Village Wife’s Lament.” Martin Secker. 1918. cr. 8vo. pp.
63. Reviewed 7imes Literary Supplement, Sept. 12th, 1918.
“Bessy Moore.” Cornhill Mag., July 1919, pp. 36-—42. (Tom Moore |
and his wife at Sloperton). ~ |
“The English Hesiod.” Cornhill Mag., Dec.,1919, pp. 121—128, |
(Article on Tusser’s ‘‘ Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry.”) }
“The Outlaw.” 1919. Reviewed Zimes Literary Supplement, Nov. |
13th, 1919. ole 7
“ Flowers in the Grass.” Constable. 1920. [Collection of poems. |
Reviewed Zimes Literary Supplement, April 15th, 1920].
Wilts Obituary. 377
“The Light Heart.” Chapman & Hall. 1920. [The Saga of Thor-
mod. Reviewed Times Literary Supplement, April 22nd, 1920.]
“ In a Green Shade, a Country Commentary.” Bell. 1920. Cloth.
Ist edit.
*Clare’s Derivations.” Cornhill Mag., March 1921, pp. 274—281.
“Wiltshire Essays.” Humphry Milford, Oxford Univ. Press. 1921.
63in. X 43in. pp. 234. [Written at Broad Chalke.] Noticed Times,
Feb. 8th, 1922.
“The Labour Crisis,Some misgivings.” Nineteenth Century Mag.,
May, 1921., pp. 788—793.
“Tenfelsdrockh in Hexameters.” The Nineteenth Century, Jan.
1922, pp. 68—75.
“Fair Weather.” TZimes, March 16th, 1922.
“Wind in the Downs. The Gipsies’ Life. A Siren and her
victim.” (On the Avon and Chalke Valleys and the Gipsies). Zzmes,.
April 8th, 1922.
“The Renown of Stevenson. Styleand Matter.” 7Z%mes, April
13th, 1922.
“Alter Egos: Sterne’s Yorick.” Zimes, April 27th, 1922.
“Happiness in the Village” Times, May 11th, 1922,
“ All’s well that ends well.” Nineteenth Century, June, 1922.
“Phe Tempest, a Mystery Play?” Times, June Ist, 1922.
“The Iberians, Racial Strains. Sir Thomas Browne’s Skull.”
Times, June 15th, 1922.
“Ethics and Ethnics.” Zhe Outlook, July 22nd, 1922.
“The Iberians’ House, its descendant of to-day.” TZ2mes, July
27th, 1922.
“ Noses in the Air.” TZimes, August 10th, 1922.
“CGrocuses and Primroses.” (An article on his garden at Broad
Chalke). Country Life, Feb. 24th, 1923, pp. 238, 239, 3 illusts.
“Windflowers.” Country Life, April 21st, 1923, pp. 542, 543, 2 illusts.
“ A Discourse on Peonies.” Country Life, June 23rd, 1923, pp. 894,
895, 1 illust.
‘The Cardinal de Retz.” Cornhill Mag., Oct., 1923.
Col. Charles Edward Lang, died Aug. 24th, 1923, aged 75.
He came to West Stowell (in Wilcot) about 27 years ago from Wimborne,
and resided there until his death. He served 24 years in the Devon Regt.,
part of the time in India and South Africa, and for the last seven years of
his service commanded the Royal Fusiliers at Shorncliffe, Dover, and The
Tower. He married Ada Bickersteth, d. of J. KE. Woodroffe, who survives
him with three sons, Capt. Conyers Lang, Lt.-Commander Douglas Lang,
R.N., and Capt. Norman Lang. Asa J.P. for Wilts he sat regularly on the
bench at Pewsey, as a very useful Magistrate.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 30th, 1923.
Anna Maria Lady Hobhouse, died May 13th, 1923, aged 74,
Buried at Monkton Farleigh. Daughter of Alex. Sawers, of Calcutta,
378 Wilts Obituary.
married, as his second wife, Sir Charles Parry Hobhouse, 3rd Baronet, 1868.
Much interested in public and social questions. President for a while of
the W. Wiltshire Liberal Association. An active member of the Bradford
Board of Guardians; she worked also for the Wilts School of Domestic
Cookery, and the Wilts Musical Festival Association. Of late years she
had lived at Bath. She leaves four children, Mrs. James Thornton, Mrs.
Mac Tier, Miss I. Hobhouse, and Mr. R. A. Hobhouse, of Oakhill.
Obit. notice, Weltshire Gazette, May 17th, 1923.
Canon Thomas Joseph Weight, died Dec. ist, 1922.
Buried at Newnham on Severn. Hertford College, Oxon, B.A. and M.A.
1874. Deacon and Priest 1875 (Gloucester and Bristol) ; Curate of Blakeney,
1875 ; Newnham on Severn 1875—81 ; Vicar of Newnham on Severn, 1881
—90; Vicar of St. Barnabas, Bristol, 1890—1912; Vicar of Christian Mal-
ford 1912—19, when he retired. He never married.
Obit. notice, Wrltshire Gazette Dec. 7th, 1922.
Dr. Charles Alcock, died Nov. 3rd, 1922, aged 88. Buried at
Warminster. Came to Warminster in 1864, and was for 31 years headmaster
of Lord Weymouth’s Grammar School. J.P. 1909. He took an active part
in the public affairs of the town on the old Local Board, and the Urban
Council from 1855 to 19U6. He sat regularly on the Warminster Bench.
Seven children survive him; his eldest son, the Rev. J. C. Alcock, is the
Rector of Wootton Rivers.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 9th, 1922.
Rev. Reginald Walter Angel Angel-Smith, d. Oct.,
1922, buried at Winsley. Sedgewick Exhibitioner, Queen’s College, Camb.,
B.A. 1874. Deacon 1874, Priest 1875 (Worce.). Curate of St. James’, Dudley,
1874—76; All Saints, S. Acton (Middx.), 1876—78; St. Aug., Queen’s
Gate, S.W., 1878—80; Basingstoke, 1880—86; Minor Canon of Bristol,
1886—92. Vicar of Winsley with Limpley Stoke 1892 until his death.
Rev. Vincent Frederic Ransome. Died Oct. 30th, 1922.
Aged 88. Buried at Pendomer. Deacon (Exeter), Priest (London), 1859;
Curate of All Hallows on the Walls, Exeter, 1859 ; Chetnole (Dors.), 1864
—67; Holy Trin., Weymouth, 1867—78 ; Rector of Compton Bassett, 1878—
1915, when he resigned. Obit. notice, Guardian, Nov. 10th, 1922.
Henry Ludlow Lopes, 2nd Baron Ludlow, of Heywood. Died
Nov. 8th, 1922, aged 57, following on a hunting accident. Buried
at Westbury. Born Sept. 30th, 1865, succeeded his father, Lord Justice
Lopes, in the title when 34. Educated at Eton and Ball. Coll., Oxford.
Called to the Bar, Capt. in Wilts Yeomanry, and served on G.H.Q. Staff
in France during the war. J.P. for Wilts and Northants. Lived many
years in Marylebone, representing East Marylebone on the County Council. |
‘Took a keen interest in hospital work, being chairman and President of the |
Cancer Hospital, and for a while treasurer of St. Bartholomew’s. Well- |
known at the coaching meets in Hyde Park. Hesucceeded Lord Cavan as
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 379
master of the Hertfordshire Hounds. He married, first, in 1903, Blanche,
widow of the 7th Ld. Howard de Walden, who died 1911. He married
secondly, 1919, Lady Wernher, widow of Sir Julius Wernher, of Luton
Hoo, Beds. He leaves no children and his peerage dies with him.
Obit. notice, Wilts Gazette, Nov. 2nd; Wats Times, Nov. 18th; Times,
Noy. 9th ; Portrait, Dacly Sketch, Nov. 9th, 1922.
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS,
AND ARTICLES.
[N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views in any
way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies
of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers. |
Folk-Songs of the Upper Thames, Withan Essay
on Folk-Song Activity in the Upper Thames neigh-
bourhood. Collected and Edited by Alfred Williams.
London: Duckworth & Co., 3, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. [1923.]
Cloth, 8vo. pp. 306. Price 12s. 6d. net.
Mr. Williams, in the Preface, tell us that he did most of the work of collect-
ing these songs in the villages on both sides of the Thames between Oxford
and Malmesbury, in N. Wilts, Berks, Oxfordshire, and Gloucestershire before
the war. ‘Then he went to India, in the R.F.A., and his work has only now
been completed. He disclaims any special knowledge of Folk Literature
and says: “I had no time to obtain tunes, my chief concern being to save
the words before they had completely disappeared by reason of the death
of the singers—chiefly the most aged of the villagers, male and female.”
“My intention never was merely to gather folk-songs for the purpose of
adding to the’more or less undigested mass of materials in the collections
already existing . . . what I wanted to do was, as nearly as I could,
to complete the work I have undertaken in my prose volumes and to leave
a permanent record of the language and activities of the district in which I
find myself.” A large number of these songs, some of which appeared in
the Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard in 1916, have no special connection
with Wiltshire or the neighbouring counties and were doubtless known over
a wide area in England, but they were sung in the earlier part of the 19th
century in the Upper Thames district, and they have all been obtained from
their actual singers, or those who knew the singers, and their value is in-
creased by the fact that in every case the villages where they were sung and
the names of the singers from whom the words were gleaned are carefully
380 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
given. There are in all 261 songs, and of some more than one version is
given. The titles of several of the songs, such as John Peel, Barbara Allen,
The Bailiff’s Daughter of Islington, Come Landlord fill the flowing bowl,
&c., are, of course, generally known, but the versions here given often differ
from those commonly accepted.
“Tn Rockley Firs ” is one of the very few which have any direct connection
in words with the County of Wilts, but a large number have been collected
from N. Wilts singers, especially ‘‘ Wassail’” Harvey, of Cricklade,
David Sawyer of Ogborne, and Elijah Iles of Inglesham. Other villages
from which songs have been obtained are:—Blunsdon, Castle Eaton,
Crudwell, Brinkworth, Bishopstone, Highworth, Sevenhampton, Kemble,
Somerford Keynes, Lydiard, Oaksey, Manton, Wanborough, Stratton St.
Margaret, Stanton Fitzwarren, South Marston, Purton, and Minety. The
collecting of this great mass of songs must have taken an enormous amount.
of time and labour, and Mr. Williams deserves the thanks of all who care
for the past for the good work he has done. ‘I'he form of the book, too, is
worthy of its contents.
The Ancient Temple at Avebury and its Gods, by
Fleet Surgeon Christopher Harvey, R.N. With
original illustrations. London: Watts & Co., Johnson’s Court, Fleet Street,
E.C. 4. 1923. 8vo, paper covers, pp. 45. Qs. 6d. net.
The illustrations are: “ A Diagramatic Plan of the Temple at Avebury
as restored by Fleet Surgeon Christopher Harvey, R.N.,” “Silbury Hill
and the Temple’ (plan), ‘“‘South-West View of the T'wo Stones of the Outer
Circle near the Causeway,” “ Remains of the Inner Southern Circle, the |
site of the Obelisk of Baal,” “‘ North-West View of the Remains of the
Grove Shrine of Ashtoreth in the Northern Inner Circle,” ‘“ North-East
View of ditto,” “Silbury Hill from the North,” “ The Twisted Stone,” “ An
Axe Head.” ‘These are all from the author’s somewhat rough sketches.
This is a book which seems to have been written a hundred years too
late. The author is obviously not a trained or well-read archeologist, but
in the first 28 pages he gives a fair summary account of the structure and
of the various excavations connected with it. Then he starts on the real
object of his book, the setting forth of certain theories which he has formed
and the finding of evidence to support them. ‘The value of this evidence
seems to trouble him not at all. He adopts with enthusiasm the theory
often propounded by the older writers that the circles were a Temple of
Baal, that the great monolith formerly in the centre of the Southern Circle
was a Phallus, representing Baal, and the existing “ Cove,” in the centre of
the Northern Circle, a “ Grove,” or “Shrine,” representing Ashtoreth. But
he feels that there must have been alsoa “‘ Fire Temple” for Moloch, and the
statement of Stukeley that when, at the end of the 17th century, the vallum
on the site of the Manor Farm yard, near the Church, was levelled, “A black
stratum of mould, large quantities of bucks’ horns, many burnt bones, oyster
shells,and wood coals” were found on the original surface of the ground,
supplies him with a proof “that the vallum and ditch were built later than
the Great Temple itself,” and settles the site of the ‘‘ Fire Temple,” a separate
smaller circle, joined by a short avenue to the main circle, which he shows
|e
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 381
accordingly in his restored plan, standing no doubt on the present site of the
Church, which is of course its lineal successor. The exact site, indeed, is fixed
by the existence of ‘“‘a large circular horse pond, fifty-five feet in diameter. It
is bordered by a dwarf wall formed of fragments three feet long, derived
from larger sarsen stones. ‘This rough circle of stones I claim as about the
central area of the old Fire Temple; also that the stones now there are the
remains of the sarsens used in its erection.” ‘his Fire ‘'emple was abolished,
he suggests, at the time when the vallum and fosse were constructed and Sil-
bury Hill was erected in lieu thereof, “and for the future became the shrine
of the Sacred Fire.” He finds confirmation of his theory of a separate Fire
Temple in the fact that one of the two stones of the outer circle still standing
on the east side of the barn instead of having its longest side in alignment
with the circle, as others have, is (as he contends) ententionally turned on
ats axis so as to form a portal to the Temple of the Sacred Fire.
The ditches round Avebury and Silbury were designed as water reservoirs
when the population increased so largely that they could no longer find
enough to drink in the Kennet and the marshes which originally surrounded.
the site. This idea he finds unmistakably confirmed by the fact that certain
notched steps were found by Mr. Gray in the recent excavations leading
down from the crown of the entrance causeway to the edge of the precipitous
end of the ditch, and similar notches in the base of Silbury, piney were
-. noticed by Mr. Page,
In support of the Baal theory he claims that the design of eee and
of the great Temple of Baalbec are identical, and again he regards the fact
that “ Flints and stones, associated with Neolithic tools, resembling the
human face, the heads of animals, and other objects—‘ figure stones’ as
they are now called, are not uncommon. Natural stones with strongly
marked phallic attributes have been found in the district” as strongly
confirmative of his theory, As to thisit is safe to say that if you want to
collect “ figure stones” or “natural phalli” you can certainly find them
wherever flint heaps exist. There are many mistakes as to the facts of
Neolithic and Bronze Age archeology, and it is a pity that theories with-
out a shred of foundation, such as the writer sets forth, should be published
for the confusion of the ordinary enquirer who wants to know something
of Avebury.
One really useful item, however, is contained in the book, a description
of the Fair formerly held on Silbury Hill on Palm Sunday, which the
writer obtained from the oldest surviving inhabitants, who had them-
selves attended the Fair in their younger days. ‘‘ The roads for some little
distance at the foot of the hill were occupied with stalls, on which were for
sale such articles as toys, sweets, nuts, ginger beer, and more particularly
flat round gingerbread cakes not gilded nor of human shape, of which it
was customary to take home samples, and of Lent figs, these figs were
thought much of, but why none of my informants could tell me ; they were
clearly dried French figs, and were sold loosely or in packets. Hundreds
of people dressed in their best clothes, from the villages round, attended the
festival. There seems to have been much merry-making and drinking.
The principal amusement consisted of a rude kind of toboganing. The
young lads and lasses dragged planks of wood to the top of the hill, and
382 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
then slid upon them to the bottom, much to the detriment of their nether
garments. The festival always took place on Palm Sunday in every year,
it gradually died out until some fifty years ago, when it became extinct.”
A long adverse review by A. D. Passmore appeared in Wiltshire Gazette,
April 5th, 1923.
A History of Marlborough College. By A. G.
Bradley, A. S. Champneys, and J. W. Baines, now
revised and continued by J. R. Taylor, H. C. Brent-
nall, and G. C. Turner, with illustrations and a
ground plan, London: John Murray, Albemarle St,, W. 1923.
Cloth 8vo., pp. xii. + 331. The illustrations are :—‘ Air photograph
of the College”; ‘‘ Motte Castles from the Bayeux tapestry”; “‘ Lord
Hartford’s House, 1723” (Stukeley); “The Castle Inn, S. view, 1772”
(from water colour); “The Mound in 1788” (from drawing in B.M.);
“ College 1843 ” from drawing); ‘‘ A Fight in the Forties at Fleuss’s Arch” ;
“Old Chapel 1848”; ‘Squirrel Hunters”; ‘College 1865”; ‘North
Class Rooms”; ‘‘N.E. Corner of Court before 1893”; ‘‘ New Buildings
on the same site”; ‘“‘ New Chapel and War Memorial site 1923”; “ View —
from Playing Fields in the Eighties” (photo); ‘‘Old Fives Court 1849”
(drawing); ‘First Offices of M.C.R.V.C.” (drawing) ; ‘Officers of
M.C.R.V.C., 1902”; “Ground Plan of College” (end paper).
The mound is dealt with at some length, the general conclusion come to
being that it is of the same type and age as Silbury, both being possibly of
the Bronze Age. In 1912 six pieces of Red Deer antler were found half-
way up the mound in cutting a trench fora flue, one piece having been
found at the foot of the mound before this. Marlborough is first mentioned
in the 11th century, the various spellings of the name from 1070 to the 17th
century are given, the earliest being Meorlesberge, or Mearlesbeorge, in
1070, whilst in the charter of Hen. I.it is mentioned as ‘“‘ apud Marlberiam.”
The meaning of the name is discussed at length, and the authors reject
Ekblom’s theory of the first syllable being a proper name, and suggest
instead that the most obvious derivation is in this case the true one,
‘* Marl-barrow ” 2.e., the mound made of chalk.
As to the Alfred of Marlborough mentioned in Domesday, who held
lands in six counties, and in twenty-five places in Wilts, with his chief seat
at Ewyas Harold in Herefordshire, whence the name of two of his Wilt-
shire manors ‘'effont Ewyas and Somerford Ewyas, he was the nephew of
Osbern Pentecost, probably the builder of Ewyas Castle, one of the band of
Frenchmen who had established themselves in Herefordshire before 1051,
and were then banished from the realm. It is suggested that Alfred was
one of those who escaped banishment, and became possessed of the manor of
Marlborough (whence his name),which he had to yield to the Crown in 1066,
but received in exchange his uncle’s old castle of Ewyas, for Marlborough
was in the king’s hands in 1086, when Alfred’s nearest estates were at
Rockley and Kennett. ‘The extent of the castle enclosure is discussed and
the wet moat is traced all round, but it is not possible to locate the various
buildings mentioned in the 13th century records. From the 11th to the
|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 383
late 15th century the Castle, Barton, and Borough remained in the hands
of the Crown. The grant of a penny a day by John to Eva, the recluse of
Preschet, and another recluse of St. Mary’s, is recorded in the Patent Rolls.
The position of the mills and fishponds of the 13th century, the building of
St. Martin’s Chapel at Coldharbour, its erection into a town parish, and
its absorption in the parish of St. Mary’s in post-Reformation days are noted.
The history of the Castle is followed through the Middle Ages, and chapter
and verse are commendably given in the footnotes for every statement. In
1264 the garrison apparently consisted of 74 men and 20 hores, but whether
this was the entire force seems doubtful. Of the Priory of Carmelite
(White) Friars, founded in 1316 by the merchants John Goodwin and
William Remesbach, the remains of the buildings were pulled down in 1820
when the present house on the site was built.
As to the existing C. House, Lord Thomas Seymour built a house
on the site, but not that now standing, which was re-built by the Duke of
Somerset, and described in the diary of Celia Fiennes as just built when
She visited it between 1702 and 1713. The eastern wing is the earliest part
of the work as shown by the nature of the brick work. Itis generally said
that John Webb was the architect, and the building has many character-
istics of his work, but he died in 1672, at least 30 years before the house
was begun. Its appearance with the gardens, etc., in 1723 is shown by a
plate from Stukeley’s [tenerarium Curiosum reproduced here. ‘The interior
has been refitted at least twice.
The Castle became the “ Castle Inn” about 1751. It was purchased and
opened as “ Marlborough School ” on August 20th, 1843. ‘Two-thirds of the
boys were to be sons of the clergy at 30 guineas a year, and one-third sons
of laymen at 50 guineas. The school opened with 200 boys and the Rev.
Mat. Wilkinson as the first head-master. The charter which converted it
into “ Marlborough College” was obtained in 1845. By 1848 the new
buildings were complete and the numbers had reached 500, second only to
those of Eton, but at first there was no real prefectorial system, the number
of masters was quite inadequate, the boys were herded together, the hard-
ships of the life led by the juniors were great, bullying was rampant, and
the system of collective punishments followed by Mr. Wilkinson roused a
feeling of injustice and insubordination that culminated in the great
rebellion of 1851, which, after several days of pandemonium, ended in the
head-master calling the school together and asking the boys to state their
grievances. ‘This they did, their demands were to some extent met, and
peace was more or less restored, but a number of the rebels were removed
at Christmas. But the system was an impossible one, the prefects had no
powers or responsibilities, there was no respect for anything but physical
Strength. Bodies of boys armed with “squalers” roamed the country,
ostensibly squirrel hunting, really poaching rabbits, hares, and even deer
in the forest, and raising the whole countryside against them, until as it
was said “if an old woman’s cat died suddenly in Devizes, its fate was
' attributed to the diabolic machinations of the College Boys.” In 1852,
_ however, Mr. Wilkinson resigned and retired to West Lavington as Vicar.
| His successor, George Edward Lynch Cotton, a house master at Rugby
-)under Dr. Arnold, and the “grave young master” immortalised in 7Z'om
i
|
384 Wiltshire Books, Panvphlets, and Articles.
Brown's School Days took his place. He set himself at once to work on
Arnold’s lines to make the Sixth the real leaders of the school as Prefects
with almost unlimited powers, and loyalty and patriotism began to grow,
whilst the introduction of organised games was another potent factor in the
great reforms he carried out. In these he was enthusiastically supported
by the staff of masters, most of them Rugbeians, whom he gathered round
him, and in 1850, when he became Bishop of Calcutta, he had laid the
foundations firmly of the great traditions that Marlborough has since built
up. He was succeeded by Dr. Bradley, himself a Rugby master, who most.
ably built on the foundations laid by Mr. Cotton. In the next year Marl-
borough won both the Balliol Scholarships, an event celebrated with
tremendous enthusiasm in the school, and began that reputation for
scholarship which it held for many years at Oxford. Preshute House, the
first of the large boarding houses, opened in 1861,.the debt on the school ~
was wiped out in 1867, and the new chapel opened in 1886, the north class
room block following in 1899, and Field House and Bridge in 1911. Of
the successors of Dr. Bradley a very much shorter account is given. ‘T'wo
chapters are devoted to the history of Marlborough cricket from its begin-
ings in the days of the “ Purton match” down to 1916. Football, hockey,
rackets and fives, the M.C.R.V.C. and O.T.C., the Natural History Society,
and Music, all have chapters to themselves. The earlier portion of the
history is naturally the most interesting and is dealt with more fully than
that of the later years. The notabilities of those early times, “ Webb of the
grub shop,” ‘‘ Voss,” “ Surgery Bill,” ‘ Goaty,” “ Butler Pearce,” are all pre-
served from oblivion, and future etymologists are spared the trouble of
guessing learnedly at the derivation of “ Treacle Bolly,’ which it appears
arose from the miller’s adjuration to his fat and speckled-bellied pony, “ Git
up old Treacle Bolly,” a name which was naturally applied first to the miller
himself and afterwards to the stream over which he presided. Altogether it. —
is a book worthy of its subject, so sufficiently salted, too, with a dry and
pleasing humour as to be highly readable even to those who have the |
misfortune not to be Marlburians themselves.
The Story of Lacock Abbey. By Aaron Watson.
Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. Ist, 8th, 16th, 22nd; March Ist, 8th, 16th, 22nd,
29th ; April 5th, 12th, 19th, 1923. This isa well written and well illustrated
account of Lacock, taken, of course, chiefly from what has been already
published, especially in the Wilts Archexological Magazine, but containing |
a good deal besides that is not readily to be found elsewhere. It is noted |
that the original market cross stood in the High Street, in front of the Red
Lion, and that it was removed some time after Bowles wrote his History |
of Lacock. Some fragments were found by Mr. C. H. Talbot preserved in
the Abbey grounds, and were re-erected on a new base. The author makes. |
a point of the fact that Lacock is not a village, but as late as March 30th,
1747, was a market town of some importance, and quotes a notice in 7/hé
Bath Journal of that date, to all “ Farmers, Graziers, and others,” that
“whereas the Town of Eacook has a very flourishing Corn Market already
from the 3rd April will begin, and will be weekly continued, @
ake for the sale of fat or lean cattle, sheep, and swine (toll free),” &e.
er
|
|
|
|.
\
|
\
{
|
|
|
'
}
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 385
The large barn attached to the Manor Farm often called ‘“‘ The Tithe Barn,”
is really the former Market Hall. ‘The half-timbered house opposite this
is commonly described and illustrated as the home of the Chamberlain
Family, but the real Chamberlain house lies behind the triple building at
the other end of the High Street. 'wo-thirds of the three-gabled group,
the rest being modern, was the Chamberlain Malthouse, A curious Tudor
or Caroline drawing of a boy on horseback is preserved above the fireplace
of the central building. It is noted that, in addition to cloth weaving,
chairmaking was an important industry which has now disappeared.
In the chapter on the Countess Hla, her supposed captivity in Normandy
is interpreted as concealment by her friends for fear of her disposal in
marriage by the King; the legend of the Knight Talbot seeking her asa
troubadour is dismissed as a myth; and the accepted story that William
Longespé was the natural son of Henry II. by Rosamund Clifford is disputed
on the ground that Rosamund was too young to have a son of his age,
though he was certainly the half-brother of Kings Richard and John. Ela,
born at Amesbury 1188, was married to him when she was 10 years old.
He died March 7th, 1226, and Ela remained a widow,with all her possessions,
and Countess of Salisbury in her own right. ‘The earldom did not descend
to her son, William Longespé the younger, as it ordinarily would have done,
and she did not cease to be Countess and Sheriff of Wilts even after she
became Abbess. ‘‘ The circumstances are inexplicable to this day. There
is no parallel instance.” Ela entered the monastery asa simple nun in 1238
and continued under the rule of Alicia Garinges as “ First Canoness”
{apparently Abbess practically, but without that title) until she (Ela) became
the first Abbess in 1240. ‘he charters establishing fairs and markets at
Lacock, however, were granted to Wymarca, ‘‘ The Prioress,” who apparently
controlled the business affairs of the monastery.
A good description of the life of the Canonesses is given, and it is noted
that no accusations seem ever to have been brought against the Abbey.
Incidentally the author mentions that, in the days when monasticism was
at its height, there were only 130 convents in England, and the total number
of nuns was not more than 2000. ‘The suppression is well dealt with.
Of Sir William Sharington he remarks that Canon Jackson was wrong
| in saying that he bought Lacock with the proceeds of clipped coinage, for
he was not appointed Vice-Treasurer of the Bristol Mint until 1546, when
he had been in possession of Lacock for six years. His real offence seems
to have been his support of Lord Seymour of Sudeley, who was aiming at
the succession to the throne. Of his architectural abilities and work a very
_ just appreciation is given. . 7
The building of the ‘ Gothic ” Hall by John Ivory Talbot, from the plans
of Sanderson Miller, the construction of the sham window and buttresses
on the Abbey Barn by the same Neo-Gothic enthusiasts (since removed by
| ©. H. Talbot) and the terra cotta statuary by Victor Alexander Sederbach
_ in the niches of the hall, are described at some length, and a series of letters
}
_which passed between Talbot and Miller on this subject is largely quoted
from
' 5
_ Mr. Watson deals with the discovery of Photography by Will. Henry Fox
' Talbot at considerable length and in much detail, and asserts with emphasis
|
|
386 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
that he was not merely “one of the inventors of Photography,” but the —
actual ‘‘ Father of Photography” as it is now practised ; 'Talbot’s process.
having been published to the world on January 25th, 1839, whilst Daguerre’s
process was not known in France until Feb 6th of the same year. In 1841
he discovered the Calotype or Talbotype process, and in 1851 a method of
instantaneous photography. At the Paris Exhibition of 1867 he was
awarded the Great Gold Medal. Several examples of his early photographs
are here well reproduced. The first photograph ever taken was that of
Lacock Abbey in 1834. Fox Talbot apparently said nothing to anybody of
his discoveries between 1834 and 1839, and he knew nothing of the expert-
ments of Niepce and Daguerre in France. “He was an independent
discoverer in a quite absolute sense, and to his discoveries, and not to those
of Niepce and Daguerre, or to those of Wedgwood and Davy, the art of
photography, as we know it to-day, owes its origin and development.”
Mr. Watson says that there exists at Lacock evidence that Talbot came
very near indeed to important discoveries since made in other branches of
science, of which nothing has ever been published. The whole “ Story” is
well worthy of preservation.
The Early Years of Stage Coaching on the Bath
Road told by the original Notices. Compiled by
William A. Webb. 1922. Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 4 + 53.
The first stage coaches between London and Bath probably began to run
about 1650. Taylor’s “ Carriers Cosmography,” 1637, gives a list of carriers
to Bath and Devizes. ‘The earliest newspaper advertisement referring to
coaches is in ‘‘ Perfect Occurrences ” of Aug. 16th, 1649. Taylor, the Water
Poet, refers to the Southampton Stage Coach in 1648. The first record of
the Bath and Bristol Stage Coaches is in ‘‘ The Public Adviser,” No. L,
May 19th, 1657. The coaches started every Monday and Thursday from ~
the Coach and 4 Horses at the lower end of Queen Street. In the same
paper a fortnight later Onesiphorus Tapp, of Marlborough, advertises a
coach and 4 horses from the Red Lyon in Fleet Street to “‘ Redding, Nubery,
Marlbrogh, Bath or Bristol,” upon any Thursday. The papers of 1657
announce stage coaches to Salisbury, &c.; and to Bath and Bristol, starting
from the George Inn, Aldersgate St., and the George Inn, Holborn. ‘The
Bath and Bristol Coaches ran on Mondays and Thursdays, fare, 20s. The
route at first was by Shepherds’ Shore, Sandy Lane, and Lacock, as definitely
stated in 1746. In 1667 ‘‘ Flying Machines” were advertised which per-
formed the whole journey, London to Bath in three days, fare 25s., 14lbs.
weight of luggage being allowed to each passenger, all in excess to be
charged three halfpence a pound. From this date onwards Mr. Webb gives
extracts from books and advertisements dealing with the coaches, and
carriers. In 1690 De Laune (‘‘ Present State of London”) mentions Mr.
Wiltshire’s wagon for Chippenham, and Mr. Wants wagon for Devizes, from
the Bull and Mouth, Aldersgate Street, weekly. In 1696 the fare of the
three day Coach was £1, that of the two day Coach 25s. In 1700 “‘A Step
to the Bath,” by Ned Ward, tells of a two days’ journey to Bath, sleeping
at Newbury, breakfasting next morning at the Crown at Marlborough, and
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 387
dining at the Bear, Sandy Lane. The Flying Coach of 1709 ‘‘ is drawn by
6 horses and will sometimes run 70 or 100 English miles in one day.” “A
Journey to Bath and Bristol—an heroi-comic—historic and geographical
Poem” of 1717, gives an account of a stage coach journey past Bacon Hill
(Beacon or Bagdon Hill). The road by Sandy Lane was turnpiked in 1713,
that by Chippenham about thirty years later. In 1735 “a large commodious
waggon which will conveniently hold 36 persons,” is advertised from London
to Bath. These stage waggons in 1727 took five days to reach Bristol,
stopping the night at Maidenhead, Theale, Marlborough, Pickwick, and
Bristo]. In 1728 Princess Amelia was carried all the way to Bath ina
Sedan chair. Lists of the coaches are given as they appear in successive pub-
lications, including those for Devizes, Calne, ‘Trowbridge, and Chippenham.
From 1740 to 1749 a two day service between Devizes and London was
advertised, starting from the “Black Bear.” The ‘‘ Flying Coaches” did
not run in the winter.
The Act for the turnpiking of the road vza Beckhampton, Cherhill, Calne,
Chippenham, and Pickwick was passed in 1743, and the new road was
opened in 1745, but the old road down Bagdon Hill, Sandy Lane, and
Bowden Hill was still used by some coaches until 1750, when it was finally
abandoned as a coach road. A new Flying Chaise_in one day between
Devizes and London began in 1749, and similar vehicles from Bradford and
Trowbridge in 1752. Writing of the Bear at Sandy Lane the ‘“‘ Narrative
of the Journey of an Irish Gentleman through England in the year 1752”
says “There is but one house here but good accommodation, and you com-
monly find at dinner a particular kind of pudding which is very good, well
known over most parts of England by the name of Sandy Lane Pudding.”
Coaches with steel springs were first used in 1754. From this time to 1760
competition between different proprietors was keen, and the local advertise-
ments are given here in full.
In 1761 Flying Machines from Bath to London in one day were advertised,
fare £1 8s., and a day and a half in winter.
The new road through Box from Bath to Chippenham was completed and
opened in 1707, saving 13 miles. A list of fifteen Bath Road Highway
Acts is given. In 1764a Post Coach from Bath to London va Devizes and
Andover was started. In 1784 the new Mail Coaches did the journey from
Bath to London in thirteen hours. ‘The whole pamphlet contains a great
store of first-hand information as to the subject with which it deals, and is
apparently most carefully and accurately compiled. A most useful work of
reference.
Wolfhall Memories.! By W. Maurice Adams. A series of
chapters which appeared in The Marlborough Times from Dec. 1920, to
Sept., 1921.
In this useful and readable series of ‘“‘ Memories” the writer traces the
history of Wolfhall as far as it is known and endeavours to recreate the
life of the different periods of that history in a popular way, dwelling
1 The author has given to the Society’s Library the whole of these papers
as printed, pasted into two crown 8vo note books.
388 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, aud Articles.
especially, of course, on those events of the general History of England —
which are known to, or may be presumed to have, touched that life. E
Wolfhall was Ulfela in Domesday, and it is noted that it was written
“Ulfhall” up to the latter part of the 16th century, and was so pronounced in
the district up to quite recent days. In Domesday Ulfela is stated to
have been held T.R.E. by Turoldus and Alwinus and was granted to
Radulphus de Halville, who already owned lands near, but Richard
Esturmy holding under R. de Halville, lived at Wolfhall as Chief Ranger
of Savernake, and his family held it from 1066 to cer. 1426. The Rangership ~
of Savernake became hereditary, a grant of the Royal Forest of Savernake
having been made by Hen. II., and confirmed by King John to the Esturmys.
Hence the Esturmy Horn still preserved at Tottenham House.
Sir Roger de Stokke, however, died possessed of the manor of Wolfhall
in 1333, and the hereditary Earls Marshall were tenants in chief of the |
place from Hen. II. to Rich. III. and their exact relationship to the Esturmys
seems doubtful. In 1426, on the death of Sir William Esturmy, Wolfhall
passed through his heiress, Maud, to Sir Roger Seymour,of HacheBeauchamp, |
Somerset, and remained with that family until 1678, when, on the death of |
John 4th Duke of Somerset, his estates passed to Lady Elizabeth Seymour, |
wife of Thomas Bruce, afterwards 2nd Ear] of Ailesbury. The Seymours
had abandoned it, however, as a residence about 1582. Jeland, writing of
the house in 1542, calls it a ‘‘ Villa Splendida.” It probably occupied the
brow of the slope extending from the present dwelling house down to the |
“Laundry,” the beautiful little Tudor buildingof brick withtwisted chimnies |
in the East Anglian fashion, now (1923) used as the farm house. The dwelling |
house adjoining the farmyard, incorporates, so Mr. Adams tells us, remains of
the ancient kitchen, and he suggests that both this and the Laundry at the |
extreme ends were probably detached from the main building, which must
have consisted of at least two courts (the Little Court is mentioned, which |
presupposes a larger one). Mr. Adams notes that foundations of outbuildings
were found’at the point where the road or drive to the Laundry leaves the |
road to the Forest. Mr. Adams gives imaginary accounts of what the |
house at different periods of its history may have been like. He collects |
the references to the gardens, &c., in existing surveys, the Hop garden, |
which was let for £3 in 1640, ‘‘ Myn Old: Lady’s Gardyne,” and “ My vous q
Lady’s Gardyne,” &c.
The lives and characters of Sir John Seymour and of his daughter, Jane |
Seymour, are described at considerable length, and the whole reign of |
Henry VIII. is dealt with as a preliminary to the wedding festivities of |
the King and Jane Seymour. Mr. Adams, whilst he acknowledges that |
many authorities believe that the marriage itself took place in London, |
prefers himself to believe that it took place in the private chapel at Wolfhall, |
though apparently without any proof. |
In dealing with the manor of Wolfhall, which comprised 1263 acres, Of |
which civ. 1550 only 126 acres were arable. land, with 14 acres of ‘‘ mede,” for |
haymaking, the rest being rough pasture, he anemia the four parks, Soden |
or Suddene Park, Topenhays (Tottenham) Park, Red Deer Park, and }
Horse Park. He also gives the names of the various “closes.” His chapter |
on the Highways and Byways is valuable. He notes that the modern |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 389
“Hast Sands” is a corruption of the old ‘‘ Horse Sands.” ‘The road from
Bedwyn to Wolthall he thinks followed in Tudor times a course by Crofton
Freewarren, Freewarren Hill, and the Dark Lane, but the making of the
Kennet and Avon Canal, and later of the railway, caused many alterations
in the route which are here traced, and MS. plans of it are given. The
* Dark Lane” ran along the top of the ridge from Kinwardstone to the
top of Freewarren Hill, and was, the writer suggests, part of an ancient
ridgeway, originally the main thoroughfare between Bedwyn and Burbage.
Having acquired a bad name as the resort of gipsies and bad characters, it
came to be shunned, and about 1840 a new piece of road was made to
relieve the unemployed, and it ceased to be a thoroughfare. The further
destruction of the lane is minutely described from the author’s recollections.
He notes the word ‘‘ Hazzick,” for a thick hazel double hedge, grubbed up
about fifty years ago. “The Merry Lane,” at Grafton, he derives from the
singing of the milkmaids whilst they milked the cows which pastured on the
hilly ground known as the “ Severalls,’ now ploughed up. The ‘‘ Werne,” a
field track, is a corruption of the Warren. His local notes of this kind are
a really valuable portion of the work.
On the death of Sir John Seymour, Dec. 21st, 1536, his son, Sir Edward,
successively Viscount Beauchamp of Hache, Earl of Hertford, and Duke of
Somerset, succeeded to the property. He married, first, Katherine Fillol,
who had a son Edward and died. ‘This son seems to have been entirely
ignored by his father. Secondly he married Anne Stanhope, whose son
Edward succeeded to the estates and title. Her second son was also called
Edward. Hertford became more and more concerned with affairs of State,
and was appointed Lieutenant of the Realm under Q. Katherine Parr as
Regent during Henry VIII.’s absence in France. He commanded the armies
in Scotland and France 1544—1546. On the death of Hen. VIII. he succeeded
in defeating the provisions of the King’s will, and procuring the appointment
of himself as “ Protector” of the young King, his nephew. It is noted that
at Henry’s funeral, Jane Seymour’s arms were quartered with his own as
those of his “ best beloved wife,” and the directions left in his will for the
erection of a splendid tomb at Windsor bearing the effigies of himself and
@ueen Jane, a tomb which was never completed, and disappeared in the
Civil War, are given.
The four visits which Henry paid to Wolfhall in 1535, 1536, 1539, and
1543, are described. In 1539 the house was given up entirely to the King,
and the Earl and his household took up their abode in the great barn for
three days. ‘King Harry’s Walk” still remains, and K. Harry’s Summer
House, at the west end of the avenue from Tottenham to Durley, seems to
have been in existence within living memory.
The growth of the Protector’s powers under Ed. VI., and the opposition
to them from his brother, Sir Thomas Seymour, Lord Seymour of Sudeley,
is described at some length, and the career of the latter is traced. He
married . Katherine Parr soon after Henry’s death, as her fourth husband,
she having already lost two husbands by death (Lord De Burgh and Lord
Latimer) before she was twenty years old, and having been attached to Sir
_ Thomas Seymour before her third and royal marriage.
VOL. XLII—NO. CXXXIX. 2 D
390 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
The consequent quarrel between the brothers and the various intrigues |
on the one side and the other, to gain paramount influence over the young |
King, down to the final impeachment of the Admiral and his execution in |
1549 are traced at considerable length. Meanwhile Wolfhall had been
committed to the care of Sir John Thynne as steward, and the accounts
that he kept, still preserved at Longleat, tell us all that is known of the
place during this period. The Protector had a grandiose project of building
a great palace on the site of the present Dods Down Brick Works in Bedwyn
Brails, two miles from Wolfhall, but got no further than the digging of the
conduit to convey water to the site, which can be traced to-day for 1600ft.
As to Wolfhall itself, after 1569 it grew more and more dilapidated, and
parts of it were pulled down by degrees, whilst the Lodge at Tottenham
was enlarged into a residence to take its place, and there after 1582 Lord
Hertford lived. The further events of the reign of Ed. VI., the fall and
execution of the Protector, the progress of the Reformation and pillage of
the Churches, the triumph and fall of the Duke of Northumberland, are most
readably followed. 'lhe unhappy fortunes of the Karl of Hertford and the
Lady Katherine Grey, their imprisonment by Elizabeth, the birth of their
children in the Tower, the death of Lady Katharine, and the subsequent
removal of her remains by her grandson, William Seymour, to be placed in
Salisbury Cathedral in the same grave with her husband, who had subse-
quently married two wives, both called Lady Frances Howard, all these
matters are recited with much fulness. The elder son of Hertford and
Lady Katherine Grey, commemorated at Great Bedwyn Church in the in-
scription “ Bello campus eram, graia genetrice Semerus,” &c., was by Hen.
VIIL.’s will the rightful successor to the Crown on Elizabeth’s death, but he
preferred a quiet life at Wick, near Martinsell. The story of the second
son, William Seymour, and his marriage tothe Lady Arabella Stuart, and
all that followed, is set forth. ‘‘ Memories of Wolfhall” is, in short, an
interesting and very readable epitome of the events of the Tudor reigns, in
which the family of Seymour of Wolfhall played so large a part.
‘‘Our Village”’ Notes on Potterne, 1850—1900.
(By Tom Smith, of Coate). A series of chapters written in praise and love
of Potterne, by a ‘‘ Potterne Lamb,” not originally intended for publication,
in Wiltshire Gazette, March 8th to May 31st, 1923. The writer notes that
the proper title of what is now known as the “ One 'I'ree” was, and should
be “The Little Tree.” In the woods between Nine Hills and the Asylum
site was a spring called “ Pitchers and Pans,” the water from which was
often used for christenings, especially by the Wesleyans. ‘The closing and
alteration of various paths when Blount’s Court was builtis noted. Many
old cottages were built in recesses cut in the sandstone rock. Of wells,
“Sugar Well” in Saddleback Lane, ‘‘ Horse Well,” in Duck Street, ‘“‘ Wick
Well,” “Grub Shrub,” and ‘‘ Bottomless Well” are noticed. And of lanes,
‘“ Broad Lane,” “ Limer’s Lane,” ‘‘ Lye’s Lane,” ‘‘ Folly Lane,” “ New Lane,”
“ Coxhill Lane,” “‘ Kitmer Lane,” “ Pump Lane,” ‘‘ Rooks Lane,” “‘ Franklin’s
Lane,” “‘ Pounds Lane,” and the “‘ Five Lanes.” “Shoots” (a steep approach)
were named ‘‘ Wayland’s Shoot,” ‘“‘Barbone Shoot,” and “‘Chilsbury Shoot,” ;
and “Shards,” as ‘‘Clay Shard,” were common. The origin of the name
|
:
|
|
|
j
|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. o9l
“Potterne Lamb” is discussed and is assigned to the turbulent
habits of the inhabitants. Fifty years ago there were six licensed houses
in the village, the Bell, the Crown, the Upper Organ, the Middle Organ
(now King’s Arms), the George, and Coleman’s. The custom of “Scrigging,”
knocking down the small apples left after the main crop of apples had been
gathered, with “ Squailers” (throwing sticks) is described. A curious
“counting out” rhyme is recorded. In chosing sides for games one method
was “A boy’s cap was turned upside down; the two leaders (captains) took
hold of the cap with the forefingers of the left hand and then the contestants
to be chosen did the same, the cap being strained open as an inverted
parachute might be. Then the incantation began ; the first leader, touching
the fingers round the cap, one at a time on the sound of each syllable, would
repeat :—
‘Henee, veenee, vie ete vec, dee dum dumenee,
Stick, stock, stony rock, hum, bum, squish :
O. U. T. out spells mammy, daddy, dishclout.’
The boy whose finger was touched in unison with “clout” was to play on
the side of the leader who touched it. This was repeated by the other
leader and alternately until the sides were chosen.”
The visit of Enford Jack, ‘‘an odd fellow, a crank, who did nothing but
act in a silly manner, by which means he obtained a few coppers,” was a
periodical diversion.
As to the journeymen shoemakers, of whom there were a good many, the
formula of their work was as follows :—‘‘ Monday let slip, Tuesday do a bit,
Wednesday must begin, Thursday wire in, Friday life and death, Saturday
hell upon ea’th.” “ Begging Day” (Dec. 2\st), “Skimmingtons,” “Guy
Fawks Day,” are mentioned with their appropriate observances. ‘The
National and private schools, especially that of Miss Wogan, the ‘“‘ Use
Money” and “‘ Use Bread” Charity, distributed one a year according to the
needs of the recipients, the six old men’s coats in fawn, and the six old
women’s cloaks in red also given annually, come in for mention.
Potterne Feast, on the Sunday after the 19th of September, is described
at some length, but it is curious that the writer regards the origin of the
village “feasts” as a mystery. It is, of course, perfectly well known that
their date is governed by the dedication of the Parish Church, and he is in
error in saying that the old rhyme, which he quotes :—
“ Potterne, Worton, and Mas’on (Marston),
Rowde, Cherhill, and Casson (Calstone),
White Cleve, Pepper Cleve, Cleve and Clevancy,
Lyneham and Lousy Clack, Cus Maford and Dancy,”
is a list of feasts falling on the same Sunday. It is not so. Clyffe Pypard
Feast, for instance (White Cleeve, or Pepper Cleeve), falls on the Sunday
after St. Peter’s Day, June 29th, because the Parish Church is dedicated to
st. Peter. The rhyme, which was formerly familiar in N. Wilts, appears
to refer to “ Feasts,” but certainly not to “ Feasts” celebrated on the same
Sunday, or in any particular order.
The “ Christmas Boys,” or mummers, and their dress are described.
The Parish Church, the Vicars, the Chapels and the ministers are all
Paha 5)
392 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
shortly described or referred to, and Mr. Catley’s Nonconformist Sunday
School is noted as ‘‘ perhaps the most successful institution in the annals of
the village up to the close of the 19th century.” The clubs and friendly
societies come in for full notice, the rules of the King’s Arms Club, founded
in 1793, being printed, and the Whit-Tuesday processions and festivities
described at length.
Some Old Houses of Devizes. By E. Kite. No. 18.
The Old Park. Wiltshire Gazette, May 31st, 1923.
Bishop: Roger (1100—1139) built the Castle, and enclosed from his manors
of Bishops Cannings and Potterne a park of 600 acres. On his downfall
King Stephen seized it, and by a subsequent arrangement between King
Hen. II. and Bp. Jocelyne, in 1157, the town, castle, and parks of Devizes
were finally retained by the Crown, being separated from the manors of
Bishops Cannings and Potterne. Of this original 600 acres some 230 acres
represent the present Old Park estate. The boundaries of the ancient park
are given, starting from the town, by the footway from St. John’s Church
to Hillworth Pond (formerly Gallows Ditch), by the “ Vise Sand Way,” |
behind the houses at Hartmoor, along the ancient highway to Furze Hill,
where the old common is now occupied as allotments. Here the vallum
with the ditch of the park boundary outside is clear, and is known as the
** Deer’s Leap.” From Furze Hill the boundary crosses an open field to
Marsh Lane, and to Lower Park Farm, whence in a nearly straight line it
runs through fields to Sunnyhill Farm, where traces of vallum and ditch
again appear. Passing the Prison it followed the old road by Park Dale to
Northgate Street, the houses on the west side of which were bounded at the
back by the park pale.
Mr. Kite tells us that ‘‘ so far as appears'from extant records, Fallow Deer
were the principal occupants of Melksham and Chippenham Forests, and
doubtless also the Old Park at Devizes. In Braden Forest were also Red
deer, and in Savernake Red, Fallow, and Roe.” Interesting notices of the |
Royal Greyhounds, Falcons, and Deer in various reigns are given. For |
250 years, from 1399 to 1547, the castle, park, town, and adjacent forests |
formed part of the dower of successive Queens of England. A great |
mortality prevailed among the deer in Melksham and Chippenham Forests |
from 1485 to 1488, more than 500 having died. Hugh Preston, bailiff of |
Devizes Manor under the Crown, accounts in 1559 for £17 3s. 4d. worth of |
hay for the feeding of the deer in the park during the five preceding winters |
at 13s. 4d. the cartload. He is later described as ‘“‘of the Devise Park, |
gentleman.” The castle and parks became private property in 1611, when
they were granted to Philip, Earl of Montgomery, who succeeded his brother |
William as 4th Earl of Pembroke in 1630. He sold the property to (Sir) Peter |
Vanlore for £5000, who settled it on his eldest daughter, Mary, wife of Sir |
Edward Powell. She died childless, and after certain legal disputes the pro- |
perty was divided between her three surviving sisters, Mary, widow of Henry |
Earl of Sterling, Susan, wife of Sir Robert Crook, of Checkers, and Jacoba, |
wife of Henry Tinzan, alzas Alexander, of Tilehurst. The portion of the
latter was the present Old Park estate, including the moated site of the |
Keeper’s Lodge, on which a house stood within living memory.
|
i
|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 393
The present Old Park house was built by Mr. John Eldridge, who died
in 1807. Mr. A. H. Hardman, the Rev. Alfred Smith, and his son, the
tev. A. C. Smith, were subsequent owners. On the death of Mrs. A. C.
Smith, in 1908, the late owner, (Sir) Reginald Butler, Bart., bought the
estate.
Agriculture in Ancient Wilts. Light thrown by
Air Photography. Lynchets, Celticand Saxon, Under
this title the Weltshire Gazette of March 29th, 1923, printed ‘‘a careful
abstract” of a lecture recently delivered by Mr. O. G. S. Crawford, F.S.A.,
before the Royal Geographical Society. Speaking of ‘“ Lynchets” on the
chalk downs of the South of England, he says there are two kinds, which
are not contemporary and which belong to two radically distinct systems
of agriculture. ‘The first consists of low grass banks arranged in a chess
board pattern of squares, rectangles, &c., generally on sloping ground. On
ploughed ground these banks can sometimes be traced here and there by
their more chalky colour, but it requires an air photo to bring out clearly
the general plan. Mr. Crawford believes that all these chess board field
systems date from the period of about 900 years, between the beginning of
the Iron Age and the end of the homan occupation. He thinks they are all
of Celtic origin, and that there is no evidence of any of them being either
earlier or later than this period. From the village siteand often through the
middle of it led a road or lane of a peculiar type. It consists of a slight
depression about the necessary width for a cart, bounded on each side by a
low bank. Excavation has proved that it was also bounded by a ditch on
each side. These tracks thread their way between the rectangular enclosures
or fields in such a way as to prove that they were contemporary with them.
“One of the best instances of such a road is that which led from Windmill
Hill, Avebury, to Totterdown. ‘This road can be traced continuously over
the down for two miles. It is best seen at the eastern end, where it climbs
a gentle slope between ancient fields whose lynchets (set with rows of
sarsens) cover the whole down.” Very often these roads led to a pond, as
at ‘Totterdown, where there are several, now dry, strung along the bottom
of a dry valley. ‘These roads are part and parcel of the cultivation system
which obtained during the occupation of the upland villages. That they
were not in existence before the fields were formed may be proved from the
fact that occasionally they make short right-angle turns. ‘This was to pass
round a field which lay in the track . . . It is because these roads
cannot be separated from the cultivation system that they are of such
importance. For with their help it is possible to prove that the whole
system was in existence before the Roman Conquest, and that it lasted
with little or no modification throughout the Roman occupation.” Mr.
Crawford believes that this ‘‘ Celtic”’ system of agriculture was introduced
about the La l'ene I. period. Of the boundary ditches, of which there are
so many on Salisbury Plain, running often for miles, he remarks that “ they
suggest pastoral needs, and are the natural complement of extensive areas
of cultivation.” These ditches he claims are often interrupted by the
ramparts of hill-top camps, and are therefore earlier than the camps, whilst
394 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
their deliberate avoidance of disc barrows in some instances, proves them
to be later than the full Bronze Age. He believes this system to have
been introduced by the arrival of a new race within a century or two of
500 B.C., and “that one and the same set of invaders, broadly speaking,.
were responsible for finger-tip pottery, for new types of bronze implements,
for the first introduction of iron, for square camps, and for the Celtic system
of lynchets, boundary ditches, and roads.” Neither the Belgic nor the
Roman invasion had much effect on this system, but it was destroyed by
the Saxons, who introduced an entirely new system of agriculture. Mr.
Crawford will not allow that any Roman system survived into Saxon times,
and he goes so far as to say that not a single one of the upland down villages.
was inhabited after the Saxon Conquest. New villages, with new Saxon
names, sprang up along the valleys, and the “open field” system, which
lasted until the end of the 18th century, was introduced with its parallel
strips of cultivation. To this system belong the parallel lynchets so con-
spicuous on many hillsides of the down country. Mr. Crawford instances.
those on Middle Hill, near Warminster, between BattlesburyandScratchbury
Camps, “‘which are clearly much later than the camps.” Seebohm has
proved that this Saxon system of strip cultivation was in existence in the
the 6th|century, A.D, and Mr. Crawford maintains that none of these strip
lynchets on the hillsides have a pre-Saxon origin. The Calstone lynchets.
are actually shown on old estate maps as a part of the system still in force
at the end of the 18th century. A very important paper, in which Mr.
Crawford ends up with an enthusiastic description of the endless possi-
bilities of discovery opened up by the new aerial photography.
Stonehenge. By C. Schuchhardt. Praehistorische Zeitschrift® |
(Berlin) Band II. 1911. Pages 292—340. |
The writer appears to have visited Stonehenge, Avebury, Arbor Low, |
and Chriechie, in Aberdeenshire, and to have made a plan of Stonehenge |
himself in 1903. He gives some account of the monument and of the chief |
authorities on Stonehenge and of their several theories. He dismisses the |
orientation theory of Lockyer somewhat curtly, as fantastic. As to the |
position of the two ‘‘ barrows” and two stones within the earth circle, he |
regards their symmetrical arrangement as accidental, and the mounds are
barrows and the stones stele, marking the site of burials. As for the |
“ Slaughter Stone,” he thinks that the line of holes across one corner shows |
that it was intended to have a gable top and to stand upright facing the |
Hele Stone, the two faces of these stones which would thus be opposite to |
each other being, he contends, worked to a flat face, whilst their opposite |
side is not worked. From this, taken in conjunction with the fact that the |
faces of the sarsens forming the outer circle of Stonehenge show their flat |
worked faces on the inszde of the circle, he suggests that these two stones |
are the only remains of a circle, perhaps older than Stonehenge itself, either |
existing with it, or pulled down when the present structure was erected. |
Its diameter would be much that of the existing circle.
1'The Editor is indebted to Mr. O. G. S. Crawford for the loan of an |
English summary or condensed translation of the original German article. |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 399
As to the Altar Stone he notes that its long shape seems to prove that it
was never intended to lie flat as an altar, but to stand erect as a Stela in
front of the Great Trilithon, and he believes that it was so standing until
it was knocked over by the fall of the trilithon. He is much impressed by
the similarity of the plan of Stonehenge to that of a disc barrow, and he
regards their purpose as the same, that is to say, that Stonehenge was not
a temple but a tomb—the chief burial being in a cist at the foot of the
“ Altar Stone” Stela in front of the Great Trilithon. The cursus he regards
as certainly a racecourse for horses or chariots, and the avenue is the
“Festival Way” leading from the monument to the racecourse, and also to
the settlement, and its orientation has no significance beyond, perhaps, the
intention that the person buried should face the rising sun.
The article of course was written years before the present series of ex-
cavations was undertaken, with their unexpected and singular results, but
the writer’s suggestions as to the Hele Stone, the Slaughter Stone, and the
Altar Stone may be worth considering as bearing on the purpose and position
of these most perplexing stones. In the short description of Avebury which
he also gives, he suggests that the Longstones at Beckhampton are the
remnant of a separate circle.
‘‘The Bicentenary of Sir Christopher Wren.” By
Prof. C. H. Reilly. Country Life, Feb. 24th, 1923, pp. 244—253. Portrait
(“The Kneller portrait” when Wren was 81, but still engaged in his vast
practice) and twelve fine photographs of St. Paul’s and others of Wren’s
buildings. A good sketch of Wren’s career and appreciation of his genius.
The Illustrated London News of March 3rd, 1923, also gave a double-page
“Perspective Conspectus of Sir Chr. Wren’s chief works,” with a key, his
portrait by Kneller, illustrations of drawings and plans by him, his
flowered waistcoat, and photos of the Old Court House, at Hampton Court,
where he lived and died.
Slaughterford Church. Built in the latter half of the 12th
century, this Church became unroofed and ruined in 1623, remained so
for 200 years, and was restored in 1823, and again in 1883. ‘The centenary
of its restoration was observed on Aug. 17th, 1923, with a sermon by
Archdeacon Talbot, reported, with two photographs of the building, in
Wiltshire Times, Aug. 25th, and Waltshere Gazette, Aug. 23rd, 1923.
Annual Report of the Salisbury, South Wilts,
and Blackmore Museum for 1921—1922. Pamphlet,
8vo, pp. 16.
A record of Mr. Stevens’ admirable educational work and lectures in
Salisbury, and of much progress in the re-organisation and fitting out of
the Museum. A new heating system, with boiler house and offices, and
electric light, have been installed, and the “Round Room” has been re-
decorated and fitted with new cases containing the Wilkes Collection of
pottery and porcelain, together with recent gifts by Dr. Blackmore. It is
hoped that a lecture theatre—a great desideratum in present circumstances,
may be built during the coming year.
396. Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
Ditto for 1922—1928. pp. 17. Shows the further progress
of the work of enlarging the Museum, re-organising it and providing fresh
cases, on which a total of £2131 has been spent during the last three years,
the greater portion of which has come from the Wilkes bequest. The house
next to the Museum has also been purchased and a site for the future lecture
room provided.
Report of the 79th Congress, 1922, at Bath, of
the British Archzological Association. Reprinted from
the Journal of the Brit. Arch. Assoc., Oct., 1922. Pages 32 to 36 and 41 to
48 contain the account of the excursions in Wilts, during which Chapel
Plaister ; S. Wraxall ; Bradford-on-Avon (view of Kingston House) ; Monks
Park Quarry, Corsham; Lacock Abbey ; Devizes (St. John’s Church, W.
View); Potterne; Edington; and Castle Combe (View of Market Cross)
were visited, and are here shortly described. ‘The account of the Museum
at Devizes is not in all points accurate.
The Earl of Bath’s Bears at Fisherton. Wiltshire
Times, Dec. 30th, 1922, prints a curious complaint (temp. Hen. VIII.) of
Harry Sutton, the keeper of five bears for Sir John Bowchier, Earl of Bath,
“ Within the late Priory wall of the Black Friars within the town of
Fisherton,” that John Davy and Agnes his wife, Innkeeper of Salisbury,
accompanied by many naughty and evil disposed persons, had broken into
a close of the late Priory, and Agnes had laid poisoned bread there, whereof
three of the bears and a poor man’s cow died. John Davy, on the other
hand, replied that when his wife Agnes did repair unto the grounds where
the bears were, as she of right ought to do,” Henry Sutton had let loose on
her “the greatest and most terrible bear,” and that she in her haste to
escape “took a sore fall against a great piece of lead, called a sow of lead,
with which fall she had so great and sore wound and strype” that she died ;
and he prayed that Henry Sutton might be worthily punished for his
malicious and mischievous offence.
Rowley Church, Of the Church of St. Nicholas, which formerly
stood on the Wiltshire side of Farleigh Hungerford, and of the houses
around it, if there were any, no trace now remains, but on the left of the
Farleigh to Trowbridge Road is Rowley Lane, which, narrow at first, comes
out into an open space, still known as Holy Green. Here, probably, the
Church stood. An obit was to be observed in the Church on the anniversary
of the death of Sir Thomas Hungerford, Dec. 3rd, 1398. Wiltshire Times,
Dec. 30th, 1922.
Menservants in 1'780, A list of the masters liable to pay tax
for menservants in 1780 in the Trowbridge neighbourhood is printed in
Wiltshire Times, Dec. 30th, 1922.
Salisbury Cathedral and Close, An article by Stuart
Robertson in the Glasgow Herald, reprinted in the Wiltshire Gazette, Sept.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 397
28th, 1922. Sue Bridehead, at the Training College at ‘‘ Melchester”’
(Salisbury), in Thomas Hardy’s ‘“ Jude the Obscure,” is one of the points
chiefly dwelt on.
Incidents of Devizes Prison History. An article in
Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 28th, 1922, describing the first execution at the
prison, that of Amor and Goodman, for assaulting and robbing Mr. Thomas
Alexander, of All Cannings, in 1824, when 20,000 or 30,000 people assembled
to see the spectacle, which apparently the rest of the prisoners were also
permitted to enjoy, and on the preceding Sunday the culprits had attended
service in the prison chapel with their cofflns placed immediately in front
of them. ‘The last public execution was that of the Spaniard, Serafin
Manzano, 1860. It is noted that the account of the execution and “ last
dying speech ” of Thomas Dean, of Worton, was hawked about and sold, in
spite of the fact that the prisoner was reprieved.
‘‘An order for the election of the Beedle or
Comon Crier,’’ extracted from the MS. “ Booke of Constitutions
of the Borough of Devizes,” compiled by ‘Thomas Kent, ‘own Clerk in 1628,
recently given by the Misses Grant-Meek to the Library of the Society, is
printed, together with ‘the Othe of the Bedell of this Boroughe,” in the
Wiltshire Gazette, July 19th, 1923.
Borough of Devizes. Scheme for the Adminis-
tration of the Legacy given for the benefit of the
Poor of the Borough of Devizes by the will of the
late Frank Simpson, Esq.
| Pamphlet. 1923. 8vo, pp. 4.
_ Corsham Quarries, Mushroom growing. A short
article in Woltshere Times, March 31st, 1923, describes the extensive
industry of mushroom growing carried on throughout the year in the
| disused Pockeridge Quarries, in which, 100ft. beneath the surface the
| temperature does not vary with the seasons. Started in 1914 the “ Agaric
Company” has now an area of 13 acres far underground, under mushroom
culture, from which over 3000]bs. are often picked in a week.
A Mid-Nineteenth Century Funeral, The Wiltshire
| Gazette, June 28th, 1923, prints a detailed account of the expenses of the
funeral of a Wiltshire country gentleman (no names are mentioned) in the
_middle of the 19th century. The 67 hatbands, the 82 pairs of kid gloves,
‘the escutcheons, the feathers and velvets, and the “ feather man,” and the
13 coaches nd pairs seem incredible to us nowadays, yet phen were
| considered necessary within living memory. The total expense of this
‘particular funeral was £217 ls. 6d., and was probably nothing out of the
common.
|
398 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Salisbury Plain. A pleasant essay, pp. 19—25, in “‘ Shepherd’s
Crowns, A volume of Essays by Pamela Grey. Oxford. Blackwell, 1923.
The mud walls which occur in the “ Plain” country of S. Wilts, where there
are no sarsens, and the method of their construction are described.
Wiltshire Regiment (62nd) at Halifax in 1815.
A long note on the state of the regiment, the number of men flogged,
mostly for drunkenness, and the conditions of life in Nova Scotia at the
time is printed in Wiltshire Times, Aug. 25th, 1923.
Mr. W, Taylor. A sketch of the life’s work of Mr. W. Taylor, now
living in Bath, at the age of 83, appeared in the Bath Chronicle and was
epitomised in the Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 25th, 1928. He began life at the
age of 14 in the gardens of Shrubland Park, Suffolk. In 1868 he became
gardener at Longleat, devoting himself, with great success, to the cultivation
of grapes, his experiments and successes being published in the Journal of
Horticulture and afterwards collected in book form in 1882 as “ Vines at
Longleat.”
“Reuben and I.” By W. Davidson. 1922. Swindon.
Pamphlet, cr. 8vo, pp. 15, with portrait. An appreciation of the life and
work of Alderman Reuben George, of Swindon, Labour Candidate for the
Chippenham Division, 1918, Mayor of Swindon 1922.
Bromham Registers. A Transcript of Bromham Registers
from 1560 to 1700, by the Rev. C. W. Shickle, and from 1701 to 1800, by
Mr. W. A. Webb, has been placed in the British Museum.
Colerne. “An Isolated Parish.” Art. by Rev. H. H. Stephens,
Rector, in Bristol Diocesan Review, Nov., 1922, p. 262. A few notes on the |
parish.
The ‘‘Blue Dragon” in Martin Chuzzlewit, In “Dickensian |
Inns and Taverns,” by B. W. Matz. 1922. The author decides, after |
elaborate study of both localities, that-the ‘“‘ Blue Dragon” was not the |
“Green Dragon” at Alderbury, but the ‘“‘ George” at Amesbury, where he
finds that the topography exactly fits the requirements of the story. He
also connects the “.Old George” and the “‘ White Hart” at Salisbury with |
the inns mentioned by Dickens. Weltshire Gazette, Dec. 7th, 1922.
Some Malmesbury Worthies. The enclosure of |
the Common, By Mr. Fraser. Wiltshire Gazette, March 22nd, 1923.
Joseph Pitt, of a Brokenborough family—Pitt’s Farm exists there still—
bought Eastcourt House from the Earle family, who were Bristol mer: |
chants,enlarged the house,made a new garden, and built the first Greenhouses |
in that part of Wilts. He developed Cheltenham and built Pittville Spa, |
laying out the gardens and park. He was one of the ablest lawyers i
England, and controlled the elections of Malmesbury, Cricklade, and |
Wootton Bassett. He was chiefly instrumental in procuring the passing
——————————
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 399
of the Act for enclosing the Common in 1821, which gained him great
popularity. He died Feb. 6th, 1842, aged 84, and was buried at Crudwell.
He was High Steward of Malmesbury and sat as M.P. for Cricklade in five
Parliaments.
About 1760—80 there was a scheme to make a canal from the Thames at
Cricklade to Bristol, va Bradon Pond, which was to be the reservoir, by
Lea, Corston, and Hullavington, following nearly the route of the present
railway to Filton, but nothing came of it. About the same time a shaft
was sunk on the Common in the hope of finding coal, and legend has it
that, when the shaft had nearly reached the coal measures, the Sodbury
people bribed a workman to cut the struts supporting the timbering of the
shaft, the sides of which collapsed, and the project was abandoned. With
regard to the Common Mr. Fraser mentions the curious tradition that it
was formerly cultivated in K. John’s reign, during the Interdict 1208—1214,
when all cultivated land was under a curse. As this land had never then
been cultivated the Malmesbury people argued that it could not be included
under the curse, and promptly ploughed and sowed it. ‘These and other
interesting matters are mentioned in this useful article.
Catalogue of the Story-Maskelyne Collection of
Ancient Gems, the property of W. E. Arnold
Forster, Esq., of Tregarthen, Zennor, St. Ives, Cornwall . . . sold
by auction by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson, & Hodge ... . 4th July,
1921, and following day. Royal 8vo, pp. 47 ; 4 plates, illustrating 71 gems.
309 lots of engraved gems, including Mesopotamian, Syrian, Greco-
Pheenician, Egyptian, Mycenean, Greek, Italic, Hellenistic and Greco-
Roman, Roman and Gnostic, Sassanian, and a few modern of the 16th to
19th century. Ten of the early Greek and Etruscan gems were bought by
the British Museum. Mr. N. Story Maskelyne, of Bassett Down, Keeper
of the Mineral Department of the british Museum from 1857 to 1879, and
Professor of Mineralogy at Oxford from 1856 to 1895, formed the collection
between 1860 and 1899. It was a singularly representative collection ; a
selection of the gems were exhibited in 1903 at the Burlington Fine Arts
Club, and many have been figured in various works on gems, more than 50
appearing in the great work of Prof. Adolf Furtwangler, Antuke Gemmen.
At Mr. Maskelyne’s death the collection passed to his grandson, Mr. W. E.
Arnold Forster.
Catalogue of Armour from Wilton House, .. .,
including Gauntlets, Helmets, and Body Armour,
worn by the Pembroke Retainers; Part of an en-
graved and gilded Suit signed by Pompeo della
Chiesa; a very fine Blue-and-Gold Italian Suit; a
Splinted Breast and Backplate of Bright Steel; and
a large Bright Steel Suit by the Greenwich Ar-
mourers, probably made for Henry Herbert, second
Earl of Pembroke . . . Sotheby ... 14th
400 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
June, 1923. Sm. 4to, pp. 27, with 4 excellent photo plates, price 5s.
This catalogue contains all the armour at Wilton which had not hitherto
been offered for sale. The important suits are fully described, especially
that by the Greenwich Armourers, the only suit of the kind left in private
hands in this country.
Bradenstoke Abbey. In connection with the forthcoming sale
of the estate, the Wiltshire Times, March 3rd, 1923, had a short but
quite good article on the history of the Priory, its foundation, and the
existing remains of its buildings, with two views, poorly printed. It
is mentioned that in excavations in 1851 some of the tiles from a pavement
then discovered were taken to pave the floor of Dauntsey Rectory. The
legend of the subterranean passage from the Pilgrims’ Well, within the
grounds, to Malmesbury Abbey, and the story of the finding of a gold
image of a monk in the attitude of prayer, weighing two ounces, by a
carpenter digging a hole, are recalled, but only as examples of the credulity
of the public in general.
An Erlestoke Picture, The 7%mes of Jan. 23, 1923, published
an illustration of ‘‘ The Fishmarket,” by Emanuel de Witte, recently bought
for the National Gallery, and in the next issue of Jan. 24th gave a history of
the picture, which had passed as a work of Pieter de Hooch. It was in the
collection of M. Henry and was sold at his death, in 1836, in Paris, for £36.
It is included in Smith’s “ Catalogue Raisonne,” revised edition, No. 284.
The Zimes said the picture had been lost sight of for nearly a century.
The editor of the Wiltshire Gazette, however, recognised it as a picture from
Erlestoke Park attributed to Jan Steen and sold at the sale in Nov., 1919,
for 1600 guineas; and by subsequent enquiries established its identity as
having been bought by the late Mr. Simon Watson Taylor about 1863.
Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 25th and Feb. 1st, 1923.
David Saunders, “The Pious Shepherd of Salisbury
Plain.” Some particulars as to his life are given in an abstract of a
lecture by Mr. W. Kyte, in the Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 21st, 1922. B.1717
at Lavington, he died, aged 70, in 1796, and was buried at West Lavington,
where his tombstone still exists. His followers met first at Cornbury Mill,
Littleton, afterwards at Parsonage Lane, Market Lavington. Later on a
division occurred, some attending the Ebenezer Chapel at Littleton,
others formed a sect of Strict Baptists at Market Lavington. An iron
chapel was afterwards built at the cross roads, Littleton. When this site
was bought by the Governors of the Dauntsey School they agreed to
rebuild the iron chapel on the site now occupied by the Wesleyan Chapel
built by the Holloway family.
Thomas Beaven, of Melksham, Clothier. A further
letter and a long petition to the Home Secretary in 1750 on behalf of Thomas
Beaven, who had carried the secrets of the clothing trade into Spain, are
printed in Wiltshire Times, Nov. 18th, 1922.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 401
Machinery in the Wiltshire Cloth Trade in 1802,
An interesting report to the Home Secretary (Ld. Pelham) from a lawyer,
Mr. J. Read, whom he had sent to investigate the causes of the labour
troubles in the Wiltshire cloth trade, written from Bradford-on-Avon, is
printed in Wiltshore Temes, March 31st, 1923. The report states that at
that time only five or six “ Gigg Mills” had been introduced in the county
of Wilts, for the dressing of cloth, and that the generality of manufacturers
continued to dress by hand. ‘The effect upon the labour of the sheermen
is that 4 are required to dress a piece of cloth in the old way and one man
by attending the gigg does what is called the roughing part, but then I
understand that as the gigg works quicker there is more cutting after the
gige and the labour of sheermen is not very considerably reduced by it, but
such is the prevailing prejudice that no sheerman in Wiltshire will sheer
cloth that has been dressed by gigg mills,” and in consequence sheering
frames worked by machinery were employed to do the work of the sheermen.
“The introduction of scribbling machines about 10 or 12 years ago drove
many educated as scribblers into other branches.”
Bromham Weavers, The Wiltshire Times, Aug. 25th, 1923,
prints a petition to the Lords of the Privy Council, cz7. 1620, appealing to
them to ‘‘take notice of the lamentable estate and distressed condition of
the miserable poore weavers of Bromham, Chippenham, Calne, and generally
of all of the same trade throughout the County of Wilts.” It states that
many hundreds of looms in the county are standing idle, each loom
“ Requiring about the employement thereof fifteene persons at the least,”
so that in Bromham alone “twelve hundred that have had till of late time
their liveinge and maintenance by cardinge, spinninge, weeveinge, and
tucking” are many of them at present for lack of work at their witts’ end.”
the cause of this lack of work the petitioners cannot say. Of the twenty-
seven who sign the petition sixteen make their marks only.
Knighton. By Guy Rawlence. Author of “The Three
_ Trees,” etc. London, Duckworth & Co., 3, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden,
W.C. 2. Cloth, cr. 8vo, pp. 320. A novel, the scene of which is laid
at Knighton, an old manor house actually existing in Broad Chalke
_(?Bishopstone) parish. The down country of the 8.W. corner of Wilts is
_ well described, and many places in the neighbourhood appear under slightly
altered names. Chiselbury Rings and Knighton Down are the scenes of
| many of the incidents.
Record of the Speke Family (Jordans, Somerset),
with extracts from Sir William Garstin’s G.C.M.G. speech on Captain John
_ Hanning Speke’s “ Discovery of the source of the Nile.” Compiled by his
sister, Sophia Murdoch.
| Quarto, paper cover, 27 pp. printed one side only, 2 portraits. The writer
| is the sister of Capt. Speke, whose death from a gunshot wound at Neston
| Park was the subject of a letter from Mr. G. P. Fuller to the Z’mes, March
| 22nd, 1921, here quoted, maintaining that it was certainly accidental. ‘There
}
|
|
|
i
|
|
t
402 Wultshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
are a few fragmentary notices of the Spekes of Hazelbury (in Box) and
Ditcheridge, the Wiltshire branch of the family, but the mass of the some-
what disconnected notes and entries concern the Somerset and Devon
branches.
Haselbury [in Box]. The Wiltshire Times, July 14th, 1923, has a
long and useful note on Haselbury, its destroyed Church, its Rectors, and its
parish, originally independent, but merged in Box by the 17th century.
Apparently there was a considerable population in the reign of Hen. V.,
for nine men were fined for leaving the tything then, but by the beginning
of the 17th century it seems to have been practically deserted. No tax-
pryers in Haselbury, as distinct from Box, are mentioned in 1628, 1641, OF
1667. Abstracts of the wills of John Borham, 1503, and of Hugh Speke,
1624, both of Haselbury, are given, and a number of references to the history
of the place from 1316, when Reginald Croke was Lord of Haselbury, down
to the 18th century.
Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Winsley in
N. Wilts. By Douglas Bacchus. Journal of Conchology, vol. xvi., No.
10. 1922. pp. 320—323. ‘The writer says “ Having to spend three months
this spring at Winsley Sanatorium, and not being able to walk very far, it
has amused me to see how many species of Land and Freshwater Mollusca
T could find within a ten minutes’ walk of the place.” This valuable list
shows what may be done in adverse circumstances to advance our know-
ledge of the Natural History of the County. It comprises 68 species and
about 33 named varieties in addition. Of the species three had not been
previously recorded from North Wilts ; Z'estacella mauger, of which one
specimen was found in the Sanatorium garden feeding on H. aspersa ;
Milax sowerbyt of which two specimens were found ; and Pupilla cylind-
yvacea, which was fairly common on the Bradford road. In addition many
Paludestrina jenkinse occured in a small stream between the Kennet and
Avon Canal and the river, just on the South Wilts division.
Salisbury Godolphin School. The Graphic, July 15th,
1922, pp. 85—87. Description of the school with 11 illusts. Portrait of
Head Mistress ; School from Playing Fields; Head Mistress outside her
Cottage; Entrance to School; Sketching from Life in Studio ; At Work
in Science Laboratory ; Girls’ Gardening; In the Playing Fields, La
Crosse; Art Class Sketching ; Kindergarten Class ; Practising Cricket.
The case concerning the election and return of
the Burgesses for the Borough of Chippenham.
(Jan. 21st & 23rd. 21 James I., 1624.] The Wiltshire Times, Aug. 18th,
1923, prints the account of this election from a state paper of James Ist’s
reign headed ‘‘ Certain Cases of Election of Burgesses to the Parliament
collected by Mr. Sergeant Glanvill.” It appears that the Bailiff and 11 out
of the 12 burgesses met in an upper room and elected John Maynard as
M.P., none of the ‘‘ Freemen ” who were assembled downstairs offering to
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 403
vote. For the second M.P. the bailiff and five burgesses voted for Sir
Francis Popham, and the other six burgesses for Mr. Pym. In consequence
the election was adjourned until January 23rd, when all the 32 Freemen
voted for Sir F. Popham, who with Mr John Maynard was declared elected.
Chippenham Roads, The Wiltshire Times, July 14th, 1923,
contains a long note on the various Road Acts affecting Chippenham and
the entries in the Commons Journals concerning them. ‘lhe considerable
amount of information it contains is, however, largely spoiled by an
unreasonable number of obvious misprints in the dates, &ec.
Chippenham Inns, ancient and modern. Mr.G.A.H.
White gives, in Woltshere Gazette, June 21st, 1923, a very useful list of
some eighty inns which have existed in Chippenham, with such notes
added as he has been able to collect from the borough records and other
sources, together with verses by Mr. Jonathan Brinkworth, in 1835, on the
passing of the Chippenham Improvement Act, when the signs of the inns
were removed from the streets and footways.
Wyatt's Work in 8S, Wilts. The Wiltshire Gazette, June
Q\st, 1923, reprints from the Morning Post extracts from “* The Farington
Diary,” criticising the work of Wyatt recently finished in the Cathedral,
and that which was still going on at Wilton House.
Bentley’s School, Calne, This free school, founded by John
Bentley, of Richmond, in 1660, was the subject of two petitions from the
_ inhabitants of Calne relative to the loose life and conversation of James
_ Webb, the schoolmaster, in consequence of which the trustees had appointed
_ Mr. Avery Thompson to be master in his place, printed in Wiltshire Times,
| June 16th, 1923.
Savernake, Tottenham, and Brimslade Parks.
| Edmond Earl of Hertford, as the owner of these three parks, complained
_to K. James in 1609 that several men of Alton and Axford, and Giles Hedd
| of Shercott had at divers times riotously entered his parks and killed his
| deer, one of which they had carried to the house of Sir William Button at
Alton. Wiltshire Times, June 16th, 1923.
| ‘The first Bishop of Barking, being a short account
‘of the Life and Labours in Essex of the Right Rev.
| Thomas Stevens, DD, FSA, (1841—1920). ByS.
| Gordon Wilson. Benham & Co., Colchester, 1921. Price 2s. 6d.
| Cr. 8vo. Paper covers. pp. ix + 80. 15 illusts. Portrait, the Birth-
| place of Bp. Stevens, Pitt’s House, Stratford-sub-Castro ; Bp. Stevens asa
| youth ; Portrait (in Bp.’s Robes) ; The Bishop (and rater dle on holiday in
| the ips. ; and others connected with Barking, We.
| Thomas Stevens, son of Thomas Ogden Stevens, Mayor of Salisbury in
| 1828, and his wife Harriet (Wansborough), was born at what is now the
|
|
404 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Vicarage, the old house of the Pitts at Stratford-sub-Castle, Sept. 19th, 1842.
He was educated at “Old Hatcher’s School,” in Castle St., Salisbury,
Sherborne, and Shrewsbury, and then became a scholar of Magdalene
College, Cambridge. He took his degree 1863, and became a master at
Charterhouse the same year, 1863—65. Afterwards he acted as examiner
for the Cambridge Local Examinations Board and represented the Uni-
versity on the Endowed Schools Committee of Essex, and held many other
positions on various educational bodies. He was “a life-long educationalist.”
Ordained deacon 1865, priest 1866. He served as curate at Woodford,
Northants; St. Mark’s, Victoria Docks; Holy Trinity, Brompton; as Vicar
of St. Luke’s, Victoria Docks, for ten years ; Saffron Walden, and St. John’s,
Stratford. In 1894 he became Archdeacon of Essex and Suffragan Bishop
of Barking 1901, resigning in 1919, but retaining the archdeaconry until his
death. His work in London over the border was largely in the docks,
and he was long Chairman of ‘St. Andrew’s Waterside Mission.” He
married, 1866, Ann Elizabeth, daughter of G. Bertram, of Jersey, who died
1918. One daughter survives him. He died suddenly Aug. 22nd, 1920,
aged 78. He was the life and soul of the Essex Archzeological Society for
thirty years, and its president from 1912—1917. It was largely due to him
that Eastbury House was saved and acquired by the National Trust. He
was the chief founder and supporter of “The Essex Review.” ‘‘ What Essex
owes to him can never be fully realised.” ‘Few men were better known
throughout Essex, and no man was more cordially liked and respected by |
all classes and conditions.” ‘‘ By his death Essex loses an outstanding |
personality.” So said the Hssex Zimes and the Hssex County Standard, on |
his death.
Stonehenge. Letters appeared in the Times of July 30th and |
Aug. 2nd, 1923, from Mr. R. 8. Newall, and the Rev. G. Engleheart, calling |
attention to the extreme archeological importance of the Downs immediately |
round Stonehenge, the gradual destruction by ploughing and otherwise of |
their ancient remains, and the desirability of protecting them against |
further destruction, if not of securing them as public property. |
On July 10th a letter from the Rev. E. H. Goddard appeared in the
Times contending that the formation of a Ha-Ha or ditch round the monu- |
ment as suggested by a correspondent in the issue of July 7th, would really |
be a good deal more conspicuous, and therefore offensive, than the existing |
wire fence, and suggesting that better ways of employing the surplus money |
in hand from the entrance fees would be to re-erect the stones which fellin |
1900, and, if possible, to do something to expedite the removal of the |
derelict hangars, &c., in the neighbourhood. |
Stonehenge, Right of Access. It was announced in the |
Times of July 7th, 1923, that an arrangement had been come to between |—
the Office of Works and the Amesbury Rural District and Parish |
Councils by which free admission tickets to Stonehenge can be procured | —
by the inhabitants of the twenty-four surrounding parishes. On Aug. 3rd Hy
a letter from Lord Eversley appeared in the Salisbury Times, and was re- | —
printed in the Wiltshire Zimes of Aug. 11th, 1923, congratulating the ‘y
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 405
Amesbury Councils on the agreement, and going on to discuss the question
of the free access of the general public. He does not object, apparently, to
a charge being made in the case of visitors coming in motor cars from a
distance, but suggests that the principle of right of access should be
honoured by the place being thrown open free of charge on Bank Holidays.
He then recapitulates the story of the right of access case in 1904 and the
purchase of the monument in 1915 by Mr., now Sir Cecil, Chubb, for £6,600,
and his subsequent generous gift of it to the nation. Hestates that in 1922
38,000 persons paid for admission,that the surplus of receipts over expenditure
was £800, and suggests that “a sunken fence should be substituted for the
present unsightly barbed wire fence.”
Stonehenge. ‘The Hon. Aubrey Herbert, M.P., in his presidential
address to the Somerset Archeological Society, reported in the Walishire
Gazette, July 12th, 1923, gave a resumé of Dr. H. H. Thomas’s paper on the
Pembrokeshire (Prescelly Mountains)origin of the Blue Stones, and suggested
that the Wiltshire people had defeated the Welshmen in war and carried off
their sacred stones as trophies.
Stonehenge from the Air. Course of the Avenue.
Mr. O.G.S. Crawford, writing in the Observer,J uly 22nd,1923, describes what
he claims to be a startling discovery from an air photo of the neighbourhood
of Stonehenge. ‘he Avenue of Stonehenge at a distance of 726 yards from
the centre of the monument divides; one branch runs due north to the
Cursus; the other, whose course was visible 100 years ago, was mapped
by Hoare in 1811 and the Ordnance Survey in 1817. It ran due east for
860 yards to the top of the hill, where it was lost in ploughed land between
the two groups of barrows called by Stukeley the Old and the New King
Barrows. Stukeley thought it continued straight on to Ratfyn ford, but
no trace of it was visible. ‘‘Its real course is plainly visible on air photos
taken in July, 1921, a most favourable time because so dry. ‘he avenue
appears as a pair of thin parallel white lines ; it bends sharplysouth-westward,
and then after a straight run of just over half a mile terminates abruptly
{in the hamlet of West Amesbury), on the banks of the Avon. All this is
absolutely new, and there can be no reasonable doubt that it is correct.”
Mr. Crawford believes that this branch of the avenue, which does not take
the most direct course to the river but follows the easiest gradient, was the
ceremonial way along which the Blue Stones of Stonehenge, which it is
now proved came from the Prescelly Mountains in Wales, were transported,
after they were landed from their voyage up the Avon and their passage by
sea from Milford Haven. The only objection he sees is the possible shallow-
ness of the river, which might prevent this. He contends that the discovery
of Dr. Thomas that the Blue Stones came from West Wales constitutes a
remarkable confirmation of the tradition that Merlin brought the stones
from Ireland and set them up at Stonehenge. West Wales might well be
confused with Ireland. Probably they stood asa sacred circle in Pembroke-
shire, before their removal to Stonehenge. ‘The Cursus he regards as a race
' course. He proposes, later on, to test the newly-discovered avenue by
_ digging sections along its course.
| VOL, XLII—NO. CXXXIX, 2:
|
406 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
In the Observer of July 29th, 1923, Dr. C. Moor, commenting on this,
suggests that it would be more natural to bring the stones by the Bristol
Channel and up the Bristol Avon to Bradford or Melksham, and thence by
land to Stonehenge. In the issue of Aug. 5th the Rev. G. H. Engleheart
writes, arguing that the whole evidence at present points to the Neolithic
period as the date of the monument, that the existence of British ships at
that date capable of a voyage to the mouth of the Salisbury Avon from
Pembrokeshire, or even to the mouth of the Bristol Avon, seemed improbable,
and that the stones were probably brought overland. The altar stone was
doubtless a fallen upright.
In the Observer of Sept. 23rd, reprinted in Waltshire Gazette, Sept. 27th,
and Wiltshire 7imes, Sept 29th, 1923, Mr. O. G. 8S. Crawford describes the
results of the digging by himself and Mr. A. D. Passmore on the site of the
parallel lines shown in the air photo. The work began on Sept. 5th and
was continued for several days. Cuts were made across the line of the
avenue as shown in the air photo at three different points. At the first
point, in a stubble field, near a clump of trees, where there was not the
faintest sign of the ditches visible on the surface, either in the colour of
the soil or in any other way, they were found as V-shaped cuttings in the
chalk filled with earthy soil 84ft. apart. The next spot chosen was im-
mediately north of the Amesbury to Stonehenge Road, near some new
cottages. Here the ditches were found to be 1138ft. apart. The third site
was at the gap between the two copses containing the “Old” and “ New
King Barrows,” to which point it had been traced by Stukeley. Using
Stukeley’s measurements, which were found to be correct to a foot, the
southern ditch of the avenue was struck at a point 257ft. north of the
ditch of the northernmost “ King Barrow.” The width ofthe avenue here |
was 68ft. On the strength of these diggings the avenue will be inserted on —
the revised Ordnance Maps. <A few chipped flints were the only things |
found on the bottom of the ditch, apparently of the same age as the flints |
found at Stonehenge. |
Five Barrows, or rather the sites of them, disclosed by the air photo in
the same field as the avenue were also excavated. Of three of these no
trace whatever appeared on the surface, but their ditches were shewn as.
perfect circles on the photograph.
The diameter of the first barrow was (perhaps a disc barrow) 60ft., the
ditch was located in three places, and the centre dug over, but no sign of
burial or grave was found. In another case the central burial pit was found,
but it was empty. No objects were found in either of the sites opened.
The Lilustrated London News, Aug. 18th, 1923, contained an excellent
double-page reproduction of the air photo, showing the parallel lines of the
avenue ditches quite clearly, and smaller photos of the ‘‘ Avenue as traced
by Dr. Will. Stukeley 200 years ago,” “‘ The faint double track of part of
the Lost Avenue,” “‘ Key Plan showing course of newly-discovered Avenue,”
‘Stonehenge from the Air,” “ Beginning of the Avenue, by Will. Stukeley,
Aug. 6, 1723.”
407
BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES BY WILTSHIRE
AUTHORS.
Viscount Long of Wraxall. “The Secret Service and Com-
munism.” Nineteenth Century, Feb., 1922.
“Why we should concentrate on the Empire.” Jbid, Oct., 1922.
‘The Conservative Party.” bid, Feb., 1923.
‘Prospects of Agriculture.” The Financial Review of Reviews, June,
1923, noticed at length in Wiltshire Gazette, June 21st, 1923.
“John Ayscough” (Monsignor Count F. Bickerstaffe-Drew).
“ First Impressions of America.” John Long. London. 1921. 8vo, pp.
318. Portrait. 16s. net.
“The Foundress.” John Long. London. 1921. Anovel. Cr. 8vo.
8s. 6d. net.
“John Ayscough’s Letters to his mother during 1914, 1915, and 1916.”
Edited, with an introduction, by Frank Bickerstaffe-Drew.” 1920. 10s. 6d.
“Pages from the Past.” By John Ayscough. Longman’s, Green & Co.,
39, Paternoster Row, London; 55, Fifth Avenue New York; Bombay,
Calcutta, and Madras, 1922. ‘74in. x 5in. Post 8vo, pp. 2 +244. Printed
at the Ballantyne Press, Spottiswoode, Ballantyne, & Co., Ltd., Colchester,
London, and Eton.
A book of personal reminiscences, contrasting the 19th and 20th centuries.
Sir Henry Newbolt. ‘An English Anthology, showing the main
stream of English Literature from the Fourteenth to the Nineteenth Century.
J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. London. 1921,” Medium 8vo, pp. 1024. 10s. 6d.
net. In the “ Kverymans Library.”
“Prose and Poetry. From the Works of Sir Henry Newbolt. Selected
by the Author.” “King’s Treasuries of World Literature” Series... J. M.
Dent & Sons. London. 1920? 1s. 9d. net.
St. Clair George Alfred Donaldson, Bishop of
Salisbury. Address at his enthronement in the Cathedral on Dec. 21st,
1921. Printed in full in Salisbury Journal, Dec. 23rd, 1921, which also
gives the fullest account of the ceremony.
“The Missionary Policy of the Church in the existing World Situation.”
London. S.P.C.K. 1922. 84in. x 54in., pp. 16. Price 3d.
Sermon preached at Bishops Cannings Church, May 10th, 1922. Waltshzre
Gazette, May 11th, 1922.
First Address to the Diocesan Conference. Reported in full in Weltshzre
Gazette, Oct. 19th, 1922.
Viscountess Grey (Wilsford). ‘Songs of the Birds, a Professor’s
Anthology.” (Review of “Songs of the Birds,” by Dr. Walter Garstang.
| Times, June 19th, 1922.
PA ge oP?
408 Books, Pamphlets, and Articles by Wiltshire Authors,
‘“‘Shepherd’s Crowns, a Volume of Essays by Pamela Grey.” Blackwell,
Oxford. 1923. 8vo, pp. 133. ‘7s. 6d. net.
Sir Oliver Lodge (Wilsford). “Science and the Empire.” The
Empire Review, Jan., 1923.
“The Effort of Evolution.” Hibbert Journal, April, 1923.
Clive Bell (Seend). “Contemporary Artin England.” Burlington
Mag., July, 1917, pp. 30—37.
“Poems.” The Hogarth Press. 1921. 2s.6d.net. (Contains his complete
poetical works, seventeen poems.)
“* Since Cézanne.” London. Chatto and Windus. 1922. 7s. net.
‘Vincent van Gogh.” Spectator, Jan. 20th, 1923, pp. 102, 103.
“On British Freedom.” London, Chatto & Windus. 1923. 3s. 6d.
Reviewed Syectator, Aug. 18th, 1923.
Brig.-Gen. F. G. Stone, C.M.G. “The Asiatic Invasion of
South Africa.” Nineteenth Century, July, 1921, pp. 118—130.
“ Reduction of Armaments, our Military Position.” Jbzd., Feb., 1922.
“ Reduction of Armaments.” Jbzd., Oct., 1922.
“The Kenya Decision.” Jbid., Sept., 1923.
Rev. A. H. T. Clarke (Devizes). ‘Rome and the Coming of
the Barbarians.” Fortnightly Review, Aug., 1923.
Ven, Archdeacon Bodington. “Lay Help for the Church.”
Charge delivered at Marlborough and Devizes. Printed in fullin Wiltshire
Gazette, June Ist, 1922.
Canon J. M. J. Fletcher (Salisbury). The “ Man in the Wall”
at Wimborne Minster. Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. & Ant. Field Club, xxxvii.,
1916. pp. 26—39. Two plates.
A. Schomberg (Seend). The Dukes of Schomberg. Genealogist,
n.s., 33, April, 1917, pp. 217—22. Two plates.
Ven. R. T. Talbot (Archdeacon of Swindon). Articles in Bristol
Diocesan Review, 1922 :—“ Bishop Percival,” Feb., p. 4; “The Sorrows of
a Monastery,” Feb. and March, pp. 10, 58; “ Wiltshire,” May (reprinted in
Wiltshire Gazette, May 4th, 1922); ‘‘ Canon Roger Edgeworth,” June, p.
132; ‘Richard Hakluyt,” July, p. 154; “Our Diocesan Training College,”
July, p. 164; “ Sydney Smith,” Aug., p. 178 ; “ Wroughton,” Sept., p. 205.
Canon A. G. G. Ross (Swindon). “Two Religions.” Bristol
Dioc. Review, March, 1922, p. 57.
Rev. C. E. Paterson (Vicar of Malmesbury). “The Child.”
Bristol Dioc. Review, Nov., 1922, p. 254,
Books, Pamphlets, and Articles by Wiltshire Authors. 409
Rev. H. E. Ketchley (Rector of Biddestone). “ ‘The Parson and
his Paddy.” “The Parson and his Tatters.” Bristol Dioc. Review, Feb.
and March, 1922, pp. 16, 64.
Rev. J. P. Wiles (Devizes). “God and His Critics: some plain
words about Inspiration and the Higher Criticism. London. 1921.”
Pamphlet. 8vo.
“Spiritualism and Scriptures. A Lecture delivered at Brighton.’
Pamphlet. ?1920.
Frances E. Baker (Salisbury). “Testing Paint and Pigments
for Colour Permanence.” Proceedings of the Paint and Varnish Society.
Session 1920—21. No.7. 8vo, pp. 151—159, 161, 162.
W. R. Pullein (Calne). ‘A New Collection of Hymn Tunes.
The Faith Press, Ltd., 22, Buckingham Street, Charing Cross.” Price 1s.
[1922,] Sewn, 94in. x 6Zin., pp. 7. Nine tunes.
‘Pay Inchfawn” (Mrs. Atkinson Ward, of Bradford-on-Avon),
“ Homely Talks of a Homely Woman.” Ward, Lock, & Co. Price 2s. 6d.
net. Noticed Wiltshire Gazette, July 5th, 1923.
Frances Pitt. ‘“ The Badger at Home.” Country Life, June 9th,
1923, pp. 809—811. ‘Three illusts.
“The Orkney Vole.” Country Life, Sept. 30th, 1922, p. 405. Two illusts.
“The Red-necked Phalarope.” Spectator, Sept. 30th, 1922, pp. 424, 425.
“The Great Skua.” Spectator, July 28th, 1923, pp. 115, 116.
“Tn Shetland” (Bird photography). Syectator, Sept. 8th, 1923, pp. 312,
313.
Mrs. Sybil K. L, Earle (Miss Penruddocke). ‘‘Olla Podrida,”
a series of sketches of Village Life, &c. Noticed Wiltshire Gazette, May
5th, 1921.
Mrs. M. E. Cunnington. “ Notes on Objects from an Inhabited
Site on the Worms Head, Glamorgan.” Archxologia Cambrensis, July—
Oct., 1920, pp. 251—256. Four illusts. in text.
B. H. Cunnington. “Some Old Time Punishments,” Weltshire
Gazette, Feb. 23rd, March 2nd and 9th, 1922.
G. D. Armour (Corsham). “Sport.at Salonica and the Vardar
Marshes; written and illustrated by G. D. Armour.” Country Life, Feb.
7th, 1920, pp. 163—165.
Canon F. H. Manley (Great Somerford). “ Archbishop Chichele.”
Bristol Diocesan Review, May, 1922.
J. Lee Osborn (Gt. Somerford). ‘‘ Worthing with its Surroundings.”
(The Homeland Handbooks). Cr. 8vo, stiff cover, pp. li. + 90. Four
| plates, map, town plan, and many illustrations. 1s. 6d. net ; cloth 3s. [1921.]
410 voks, Pamphlets, and Articles by Wiltshire Authors.
A.G. Bradley. “The Country of the Kentish Cinque Ports.” R.
Scott. 1921. Illustrated by F. Adcock. 10s. 6d. net. Noticed Spectator,
June 11th, 1921.
‘Soldier Emigrants of the Past.” Cornhill Mag., June, 1921, pp. 702—715.
J.B. Jones (Swindon). “The Way and the Stream. A Story of
the Roman Villa at Chedworth, By Joseph Barnard.” A serial story running ~
in The Gloucestershire Chronicle from Jan. 13th to April 14th, 1923. The
story deals with life in the Cotswolds and on the Fosse Way during the |
last years of the Roman dominion in Britain, with much success. :
Mrs. Herbert Richardson (Wilton). “The Fashion Plates
of William Hopwood. Zhe Connoisseur, June, 1923, vol. LXVI., No. 262, |
pp. 82—88. Three illusts. (Dealing with the development of the Fashion |
Plate in England.) :
Guy Rawlence (Wilton). “Return” (a short story). Cornhill |
Mag., June, 1922.
“The Sisters.” Jbzed., June, 1921, pp. 726—734.
Joseph Scarisbrick. “Lips Kith; a World Language.” |
Trowbridge: B. Lansdown & Sons, Wiltshire Times Office, 1920. Noticed |
Wiltshire Times, May 8th, 1920. |
[George Herbert.] “The English Works of George Herbert, |
Newly arranged and annotated and considered in relation to his life.” By |
George Herbert Palmer. Three vols.: Vol. I., Essays and prose, pp. xx. |
+ 443; Vol. II., Cambridge Poems, pp. xiv. + 431; Vol. III., Bemerton |
Poems, pp. 485. Boston, Mass.: Houghton, Miflin. London: Constable. |
1920. Price 50s. |
Major-Gen. Sir George Aston, K.C.B. (Woodford). |
“Imperialism or Ignorance.” Chambers’s Journal, Feb., 1922. |
“ Lessons from Marlborough’s Wars.” Fortnightly, May, 1922. i"
“Air Forces and British Empire Defence.” Outlook (N. York), April, |
1922. Outlook (London), July, 1922.
“Trish Free State and Empire Defence.” Fortnightly, Sept., 1922.
“Troutfishing with Nymphs” (“George Southcote”). Country Life, |
Aug. 8th, 1922. .
“Middle-East Mandates.” Outlook (N. York), July, 1922.
“The Armament Disease.” Outlook (London), Aug. 11th, 1922.
‘‘ Fishing from the Earliest Times” (Review, ‘‘ George Southcote Ds 4)
Country Life, July, 1922. q
‘‘Treland and British Empire Defence.” Outlook (N.Y.), Aug., 1922.
“How can Britain pay America?” Outlook (N.Y.) Oct., 1922. |
“Scottish Salmon Rivers” (“George Southcote”). Country Life, Sept.,|
1922.
‘“‘ Dardanelles and Bosphorus.” Outlook (N.Y.), Oct. 4th, 1922.
“Britain and the defence of the Straits.” Outlook (N.Y.), Oct. 18th, 1922.|
“The Freedom of the Straits.” XIX. Century, Nov., 1922.
Wiltshire Illustrations. 411
“Fall of the Coalition in England.” Outlook (N.Y.), Nov., 1922.
“Filmed History.” Chambers’s Journal, March, 1923.
“ Anglo-Turkish Issue.” Outlook (N.Y.), Jan. 31st, 1923.
“Haig and Foch.” Quarterly Review, April, 1923.
“ Aftermath of Ignorance.” XIX. Century, April, 1923.
“ Franco-British Entente.”” Outlook (N.Y.), March, 1923.
“ Fishing in Lochs” (“ Geo. Southcote”). Country Life, June 23rd, 1923,
pp. 896—898. Six illusts.
“ America and the European Situation,” Outlook (N.Y.), May, 1928.
“ British Sea Power.” Chambers’s Journal, Sept., 1923.
“Trouting in Running Waters” (“Geo. Southcote”). Country Life,
July 21st, 1923, pp. 73—80. Seven illusts.
“Japan and Singapore.” XIX. Century, Aug., 1923.
“The Operations of War explained and illustrated by General Sir
Edward Hamley, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., a new edition. Brought up to the
latest requirements by Major-General Sir George Aston, K.C.B.”
Blackwood & Sons. 1923. Large 8vo, pp. 456. Mapsand diagrams. (New
matter contains lessons derived from the campaigns of Lissa, 1866 ; Chile,
1891; China-Japan War, 1894—5; Spanish-American War, 1898; Russo-
Japanese War, 1904—5; and the Great War, 1914—18.)
WILTSHIRE ILLUSTRATIONS.
Wiltshire Times. [1919]. Photos. Bradford Memorial Fountain ; Chip-
penham Town Football Team, Oct. 18th. Christian Malford War Memorial
Cross; Melksham v. Spencer-Moulton’s (football), Oct. 25th. Trowbridge
v. Bath, football (2); Spencer-Moulton’s Team ; Warminster Peace Fair (3) ;
Wilts Men in India, Nov. Ist. Ancient panelled room in house in Trowbridge,
in which Jane Seymour is said to have lived; Avon Vale Hunt, Meet at
Castle Lodge, Rood Ashton (2); Calne Town Football Club (2), Nov. Sth.
Westbury Comrades Football Club, Nov. 15th. Returned Trowbridge
Warriors, Dinner in Town Hall, Nov. 22nd. Calne and Warminster Football
Clubs (2), Nov. 29th. Rood Ashton, Lord French’s Visit to unveil memorial
(4); Maiden Bradley Memorial Lectern to fallen choir boys, Dec. 6th.
Hilperton, Fighting Men Féted, Dec. 20th.
Ibid. {1920}. ‘‘ Flogging” the Commoners at Malmesbury, Jan. 10th.
Masonic Banquet in Council Chamber, Trowbridge; Westbury Housing
Scheme ; Wilts County Library, Trowbridge, Jan. 17th. Organin Wesleyan
Chapel, Hilperton, Jan. 24th. Warminster Christchurch Football Club ;
_ Group at presentation of mementos to ex-Soldiers at Warminster ; Friesian
412 Wiltshire Illustrations.
Cow belonging to Col. L. E. Morice, of Malmesbury, Jan 31st. Mr. Walter
Long and his daughter, Mrs. Cooper, at Meet of Avon Vale Hunt at Rood
Ashton, Feb. 5th. Tablet to 2/4th Wilts in Trowbridge Church ; Chippen-
ham War Memorial Design (drawing); N. Bradley welcome to Returned
Soldiers, Feb. 7th. Sutton Veney War Memorial; Trowbridge Central
Liberal Club Dinner, Feb. 21st. Chapmanslade Football Team ; Trowbridge
Welcome to Service Men, Feb. 28th. Avon Vale Hunt, new Joint- Masters,
Wingfield Football Club, March 13th. Westbury Cinema opened; Large
Girder erected at Trowbridge, April 10th. Holt War Memorial, Village
Institute Reconstruction (proposed); Semington War Memorial (Cross),.
April 24th. Edington Football Club, May. Staverton War Memorial
(Lectern), May 22nd. Bradford War Memorial; Corton War Memorial
Unveiled ; Hilperton War Memorial Unveiled ; Chitterne Housing Scheme,
Brick-laying Ceremony, June 5th. War Memorial Crosses at Bratton.
Keevil, and Road, and War Monument at Westbury Leigh, July 3rd.
Steeple Ashton and Holt War Memorials, July 10th. Winsley War Me-
morial; Westbury Co-operative Festival, Aug. 14th. Wilts Bowls Cup
Winners, Sept. 11th. Chapmanslade War Memorial, Sept. 18th. Bradford
Cubs’ Band, Sept. 25th. Marlborough Memorial to 7th Wilts, Sept. 30th.
Westbury Cinema, Dec. 25th.
Ibid. (1921). Bratton, ‘“‘Shawlands” Residence, Jan. 15th. Corsham
War Memorial (2), Feb. 5th. Dilton Marsh Co-op. Soc. Branch Store 3
Trowbridge War Memorial, Feb. 12th. German Gun at Melksham in the
River, Feb. 26th. Malmesbury War Memorial Cross, March 26th. Trow-
bridge, Holy Trinity War Memorial Cross, April 9th. Bradford Service |
Men’s Medal ; Dilton Memorial Tablet, May 7th. Atworth War Memorial, |
May 21st. Warminster War Memorial Cross, June 4th. Holt Co-op. |
Stores ; Trowbridge War Memorial, July 2nd. Trowbridge, Wilts United
Dairies Sports Club (2), July 20th. Westbury War. Memorial, July 23rd,
August 6th. South Wraxall House, Gate House and Terrace, Garden
Figure, Drawing Room Window, Drawing Room interior, Hall (6), July
30th. Bradford War Memorial Design, Aug. 13th. Lacock Village, Porch |
House, Church, 14th Cent. Houses (4); Trowbridge War Memorial (38),
Aug. 20th. Lacock Abbey, S.W. and W. Views, Cloisters (3), Chapter
House, Aug.27. Bradford, Shambles, General View, Bullpit, Bridge and
Chapel (4) ; Winsley Sanatorium (8), Sept. 3rd. Chippenham War Memor- |
orial (3), Sept. 10th. Bradford, Saxon Church, exterior and interior, the |
Hall, Tithe Barn (4), Sept. 17th. Avebury and Silbury Hill, Church, Font, |
Manor, Street (8), Sept. 24th. Corsham Court ; Flemish Houses ; Hunger- |
ford Almshouses, exterior, Chapel interior and Gallery (6), Oct. Ist. Trow-
bridge Fire-fighting, Usher’s Brigade; Corsham Quarries (6), Oct. 8th. |
Longleat, Front, Hall, Drawing Room (3), Oct. 15th. Malmesbury, Abbey |
Church (4), Abbey Gate, St. John’s Arch, Market Cross (2), Oct. 29th. |
Salisbury Plain, Derelict Camps on, Stonehenge Aerodrome (3), Trilithon, |
Military Kitchen at Larkhill, Woodhill, Nov. 5th. Chippenham, Armistice |
Day, Gathering in the Maret Place, ; Devizes War Memorial (fig.) ; Trow- |
bridge War Memorial; Trowbridge, Wreath at the Memorial, Nov. 19th.
Farleigh Castle under the Board of Works, Gateway as it was ‘snd as it is, |
Lady Tower as it was, and under restoration, &c. (6), Dec. 3rd.
|
|
|
Wiltshire Illustrations. 413
Ibid. [1922]. Trowbridge, Steam Lorry in River Biss (3), Jan. 13th and
20th. Wardour Castle, Ruins (2), Jan. 27th. Littlecote, E. Front, Feb. 18th.
Bradenstoke Abbey, “from an old print”; the Crypt, March 3rd. Trow-
bridge as seen from the Air,Ashton Millsand Town(2), March 11thand 18th.
Wiltshires win the Cup, the Queen presents the Cup (2), April 22nd.
Warminster Market inaugurated (2), June 3rd. Longleat from the Air,
July 1st. Westbury Divisional Labour Demonstration, July 22nd. Land
Drainage in Wiltshire, Derelict Canal near Swindon; Improving Small
Watercourses (Wanborough); ‘The Upper Keaches of the Biss (9), July 29th.
Bradford-on-Avon Carnival ; War Memorial, Aug. 5th. Bowood ; Corsham
Court; Lacock Abbey, Aug. 12th. Lacock Abbey (6); Queen’s Visit to
Lacock; Messrs. Osborne’s Exhibit of Garden Stonework (Corsham), Aug.
19th. Easton Grey House, Front, Garden View; Church, Sept. 2nd.
Salisbury Cathedral from the Air, Sept. 9th. Malmesbury Mare and Colt
Show (3), Sept 23rd. Trowbridge Park, Extension, Oct. 14th. P. of Wales
at Newnton Lodge Meet, Oct. 21st. Westwood Mansion burnt by Suffra-
gettes, Nov. 25th.
Ibid. [1923]. Inducting a New Commoner at Malmesbury, Jan. 6th.
Trowbridge, New Town Football Ground Grand Stand, Jan. 20th. Notton,
Equine Sagacity, Jan. 27th. Malmesbury Abbey, Ancient Manual (Fire)
Engine; ‘Trowbridge Fire Brigade at Seend House, April 28th. Devizes
Musical Festival (2), May 5th. Castle Combe Village ; Corsham Almshouses;
Cottages at Bratton, May 19th. Wilts Regt. Chelsea Pensioners: Wreath
placed *n Cenotaph; Longleat Exterior, View from the Air, Drawing
Room, Hall, July 21st. Grittleton House, July 26th. Memorial to
Australians at Sutton Veney, July 28th. Devizes, Scene of Tragedy, Aug.
4th. Wilts Regt. 4th Batt. at Salisbury Plain; Semington Kennels, Puppy
Show, Aug. 18th. Slaughterford Church, Exterior and Interior, Aug. 25th.
Trowbridge, Helliker’s Tomb; Shears used by Shearmen ; Devizes Hospital
Week Prizes, Sept. 8th. Savernake Forest, Grand Avenue, Sept. 22nd.
Blount’s Court, Potterne; Mrs. Booth at Melksham (2), Sept. 29th. ‘lrow-
bridge New Football Club Ground; The Major Allen Palmer Cup;
Chippenham, Buffaloes’ Church Parade, Oct. 13th.
Wiltshire Gazette. [1919]. Peace Procession, Malmesbury, July 31st.
Railway Strike Motor Lorries at Chippenham, Oct. 9th. Avebury Plough-
ing Match, Oct. 30th. Bromham War Memorial, Dec. 11th.
Ibid. [1920]. Devizes War Memorial (plan and elevation), Aug. 12th.
Lacock War Memorial, Nov. 18th.
Ibid. [1921]. Memorial at Hitchin to Major C.S. Awdry ; Malmesbury
War Memorial, March 24th. Two Aerial Photographs of Devizes, April
28th. Calne War Memorial, May 26th. Malmesbury, Green Dragon Inn,
Noy. 24th. Bromham War Memorial Tablet, Sept. 22nd. Old ‘Town Hall
(drawing cr. 1840, and as now), Dec. 22nd.
Lbid. [1922]. Salisbury War Memorial, Feb. 23rd. Southbroom
Church, Wilts Regt. War Memorial, Window and Shrine for Roll of
Honour (2), March 2nd. Malmesbury, Q. Mary leaving the Abbey, Aug.
17th. Bowood House, Aug. 17th. Manningford Bruce, Grant-Meek
Memorial Hall, Sept. 14th. Devizes Prison, Exterior, Entrance Gateway
414 Wiltshire Illustrations.
and part of wall; Interior, Governor’s House, and some of the Ranges of
Cells (2), Sept. 21. Sherston Farmers’ Dinner, Nov. 16th.
Ibid. [1923]. Devizes, Children going to the Pictures, Jan. 18th.
Wiltshire Old Comrades (group), July 19th. Grittleton House; Wilts
Regt. in India (groups), July 28th. Wilts Regt. at Bangalore (group),
Aug. 23rd.
Salisbury Journal. [1917]. The Corner House, Canal, and Queen Street,
Salisbury, July 12th. Children’s Peace Pageant at Salisbury, ‘“ Salisbury
through the Ages,” with letterpress description, 8 photos, Aug. 2nd. The
Netheravon Institute, Aug. 30th.
Ibid. [1920]. Houses for Housing Scheme, Sept. 4th.
Ibid. [1921]. Salisbury War Memorial, June 24th. Cathedral and
City from the Air, Dee. 23rd.
Ibid. [1922]. Stonehenge, Rev. H. N. Hutchinson’s Model, June 30th.
Bulford Garrison Church, drawing reproduced, July 28th.
Ibid. [1923]. Prince of Wales’ visit to Wilton and Salisbury (6 views),
June Ist.
Wiltshire News. [1919]. Trowbridge, Constitutional Féte (4), Aug. 1st.
Peace Celebrations at Trowbridge, Children’s Day, Gripping the Church
(7); Peace Carnival at Southwick (6); Box Tunnel Mystery, Aug. 8th ;
Produce Show and Féte at Melksham (2); War Memorial at Melksham
unveiled, Aug. 29th.
Ibid. [1920]. Trowbridge Sewage Works (4) ; Comrades’ Church
Parade, Trowbridge (2); War Memorial Tablet, Emmanuel Ch., Trow-
bridge, Sept. 24th.
Salisbury Times. [1922]. War Memorial, Feb. 17th. Ancient City
Mace Shield, Aug. 18th.
Ibid. [1923]. “Salisbury from the Meadows” (really Newark not
Salisbury), Aug. 31. }
Country Life. [1919]. Lavington Manor ; Malmesbury Lady’s Wood |
(House and Grounds); Brick Granary on Staddles, “ How our ancestors
checkmated the rat,” Oct. 4th. Erlestoke Park, distant view of House,
Interior of Library, Oct. 18th. Erlestoke Park, House, Nov. 29th.
Roche Court, Winterslow, House, Farmhouse, and View, Dec. 13th.
Whetham House, Dec. 20th and 27th.
Ibid. [1920]. Elm Field House, Calne ; Roche Court House and Farm- |
house, Jan. 10th. The Grange, Calne, Jan. 10thand 17th. Original design |
for Adam Candle Sconce at Ramsbury Manor, Jan. 31st. Scotland Lodge,
House and Loose Boxes; Sutton Veny, Old Manor House, Feb. 7th. |
Turley Mill, Bradford-on-Avon, March 6th. Erlestoke: The Mansion, |
View S.E., Drawing Room, The Lake, Swiss Cottage, March 6th and 13th. |~
Gt. Cheverell Manor House, March 13th. Conkwell Grange, nr. Winsley, |~
and Gardens, March 13th, April 24th. Bushton Manor, Clyffe Pypard, May |
8th. Heywood House, Heywood Cottage, May 15th. Lavington Manor, |
May 29th. Proposed War Memorial, Salisbury, photo of wash drawing |
exhibited in Royal Academy, by Cyril A. Farey, June 12th. Devizes |—
Castle; Sutton Veny Old Manor House, June 19th. ‘“ Highbury,” War- |
minster (3), May 20th, July 24th, 3lst. Chiseldon House, (2) ; Ashton and
;
Wiltshire Illustrations. 415
Somerford Keynes Farm View; Bromham, St. Edith’s House, Chute
Lodge, (2), Aug. 7th, 14th, 28th. Swallowclift House; Oct. 9th. Hey-
wood House, Oct, 30th. Corsley House (2); Bradenstoke Abbey (2) ;
Nov. 20th.
Ibid. [1921]. Bradenstoke Abbey, N. Front and Undercroft, March
10th. Malmesbury, Burton Hill House and Grounds (2) ; Trowbridge, The
Grange, March 28th. Lavington Manor, April 8th. Hurdcott House
(Baverstock), April 16th. Nunton House, April 23rd. Malmesbury,
Burton Hill House, April 30th. Bradford-on-Avon, The Priory (3), June
18th. [Marlborough, Wye House]; Bewley Court (Lacock) (2), June 25th.
Hurdcott House (Baverstock) (5) ; Calne, The Grange, July 2nd. Bewley
Court, Lacock, July 9th. Malmesbury, Burton Hill House; Salisbury
(House), July 16th. Southbroom House, Front, Billiard Room, Garden
(3), Aug. 6th, Sept. 17th. Salisbury, Milford Hill House (2), Sept. 24th.
Leighton, near Westbury (3), Oct. 15th, 29th, Nov. 19th. Christian Mal-
ford, Swallet House (2), Oct. 22nd, Nov. 5th, 12th. Hannington Hall, 8. &
W. Fronts, Morning Room, Glimpse from Dining Room Window, Staircase
Hall (4), Oct. 22nd. Chute Lodge, Oct. 22nd. Devil’s Den (during work
of preservation), Nov, 19th. Farleigh Castle, Exterior of Gate Tower and
Curtain Wall, restored and unrestored ; Christian Malford, the Comedy
(House), Nov. 5th. Bradford-on-Avon, The Priory; Bemerton Lodge,
Dec. 3rd. Bradford, Belcombe Court ; Corsham Court ; Downton, House
near, Dec. 31st. :
Ibid. [1922]. Chute Lodge, Jan. 6th. Lake House, March 4th, 18th.
Standen Manor, in Chute, April Ist. Malmesbury, Cowbridge House, May
6th. Elizabethan Mazer from Bromham, May 20th. Calne, The Grange,
May 13th. Wilbury House, June 3rd. Brinkworth House, June 10th,
Redlynch House ; Bowden House, exterior and interior, June 24th. Whet-
ham House, July 15th. Draycott House, July 22nd. Minety House and
Gardens (3), Oct. 7th, 14th. Heale House, Dec. 2nd. Heddington Tankard
(Flagon) ; Chippenham, Greenways, Dec. 9th.
Ibid. [1923]. Chute Lodge; Bradenstoke Abbey, entrance, Jan. 6th.
Hurdcott (in Baverstock) House from Drive, Gardens, Drawing Room,
Staircase, Hall; EKarlstoke Park House, Jan. 20th. Bradenstoke
Abbey in 1732, and the Crypt, Jan. 27th. Barrow House, Bishopstrow,
Feb. 17th. Christian Malford, The Comedy, March 3rd. Heale House,
Front, March 10th. Bradenstoke Abbey, N. Front, March 24th. Wrough-
ton Hall, April 7th. Calne, The Grange, April 14th. Laverstock, he
Hill House; Seagry, The Chestnuts, April 21st. Cowbridge House,
Malmesbury (2 views), June 2nd and 9th. Armour sold from Wilton
House, June 9th. Devizes, Hillworth House, (5 views), June 16th. Pur-
ton Stoke House, June 23rd. Chute Standen House, 8. Front, Billiard
Room, Inner Lawn, Manor Farm, Cottage (5 views), June 30th. Redlynch
House, Aug, 18th and 25th. Devizes, Old Park House from Garden, Hall,
Gardens (3 views), July 21st. Chippenham, Greenways House, July 28th.
Monks Park, Aug. 11th. Marlborough, Wye House, Aug. 25th. Luck-
nam Park House, Sept. 8th. Chitterne, The Grange, Sept. 22nd. Brom-
ham, St. Edith’s, Sept. 29th.
416 Wiltshire Illustrations.
Times. [1921]. Shurnhold House, Melksham, July Ist. Southbroom
House, Aug. 5th. Hannington Hall, Sept.
Ibid. [1922]. Wylye, Out with the Otter Hounds (2), May 19th. Stone-
henge, June 8th. Shurnhold House, Melksham, July 8th. Amesbury
Military Féte, Aug. 12th. Salisbury, Funeral of Gen. Harper (2), Dec. 20th.
Lbid. [1923]. Chippenham, Flooded Fields, Jan. 1st. Meet of Avon Vale
Hounds (2) Jan. 1st. Meetat Easton Grey House, Jan. 8th. Sir Christopher
Wren’s Birthplace, now demolished, March 6th. Purton Stoke House,
March 25th. Upavon Central Flying School, R.A.F. Gliding Tests (8),
March 28th. Cave Mushrooms in disused Quarry at Pockeridge near
Corsham, April 5th. Cowbridge House, Malmesbury; The Chestnuts( House),
Seagry, May 15th. Prince of Wales Inspecting Yeomanry at Wilton, May
25th.
Daily Mirror. [1916]. Devizes Navvy Brigade Building new Roadway
(4), Sept. 1st.
Ibid. [1921]. Avon Valley Coursing Club Meeting, Dee. 31st.
Ibid. [1922]. Melksham Agricultural Show (4), June 8th. Laundry
Fire, Salisbury, June 13th. Blood Hound Trials, Savernake, Sept. 27th.
Daily Sketch. (1919]. Hunt Terrier in Saddle, at a Wiltshire Meet,
Nov. 10th. 7
Ibid. [1920]. Duke of Beaufort’s Hounds leaving Motor Kennel in
Wiltshire, Jan. 21st. ‘*‘ Reconstruction of Stonehenge,” three photos showing
packing of the monoliths, and crane for lifting imposts, Jan. 22nd. Satirical
cartoon (drawing), “‘ Raising of our Prehistoric Monuments,” Jan. 26th.
Lady Cyclist at Stonehenge, Feb. 25th.
Lbid. [1921]. Funeral of Bishop Ridgway in Cloisters at Salisbury, April
llth. Funeral at Upavon of Flight-Lieut. A. W. Beauchamp Proctor,
V.C., &c., June 27th. Chippenham War Memorial Unveiled, Sept 7th.
Pewsey Feast, Sept. 17th.
Lbid. [1922]. Thiepval Day in Dublin (Wilts Regt.) ; House near Devizes
Wrecked by Gale, Jan. 3rd. Scenes at Otter Hunt (2), May 9th. Wilsford
Manor, Viscount Grey and his bride (2), June 7th. Easton Grey House
(3), Aug. 3ist.
Ibid. [1923]. Inducting New Commoner at Malmesbury, Jan. 3rd.
Bishops Cannings Church, the Hand of Meditation, Jan. 11th. Alderton,
Beaufort Hunt Races, P. of Wales, &c. (2), April 9th.
VARIOUS ILLUSTRATIONS.
[Stonehenge]. A miniature Stonehenge in the grounds of Trentham
Vicarage, Stoke-on-Trent, erected by Archdeacon J. M. A. Graham, who
was Vicar of Shrewton 1901 to 1908. Photo. Strand Mag., March, 1920.
Proposed War Memorial, Salisbury, by Cyril A. Farey (River Walk and
Memorial), Drawing. No. 1230 Royal Academy Exhibition, 1920.
Crudwell. Seven photos in Particulars of Sale, April 29th, 1920. West
End Farm, The Dairy Herd, 3 Cottages Tetbury Road, Ridgeway House,
The Stores, Cottages (2).
Wiltshire Illustrations. 417
Roche Court Estate, Sale Particulars, Folio, 16th March, 1920. 4 photo
plates. Roche Court Front, Roche Court Coverts, Roche Court Farm,
Hill Farm.
Erlestoke state, Sale Particulars, May 6th, 1920. Folio. Three photo
plates. Mrlestoke (House) S. Front, Lake and Swiss Cottage, View look-
ing 8.E., Brounker’s Court Farm, Manor Farm (Cheverell).
Draycot House. Catalogue of Contents of the Mansion. Sale 8th March,
1920. 4to. T'wenty photo plates of Pictures and Furniture.
Kington House. [Kington St. Michael]. Two photos exterior. Sale
Particulars. Aug. 8th, 1919.
Allcannings ‘‘ Green House.” Photo. Sale Particulars, Aug. 14th 1919.
Homington Farm. ‘'wo photos. Sale Particulars, Aug. 12th, 1919.
Farleigh Hungerford. Wiltshire Park Farm, Rowley Garden, Lodge
Farm (Som.). ‘Three photos. Sale Particulars, Aug. 13th. 1919.
Fyfield Manor, nr. Pewsey. 8S. Front, Garden Entrance facing East.
Ancient Yew Hedge My Lady’s Garden, Dovecot, 13th Century Window,
The Wilderness and Small Lake, Fyfield Farm House. Seven photos,
Sale Particulars, Sept. 23rd, 1919.
Clench Farm, Milton Lilbourne. Sale Particulars, Jan. 17th, 1921.
East Kennett Manor House. Sale Particulars, Oct. 21st, 1920.
Wilton House. Italian Garden, East Front, Palladian Bridge, School
built by Inigo Jones. Photos. Gentlewoman, May 21st, 1921.
Amesbury Cottages [with descriptive letterpress]. Country Life, Nov.
27th, 1920. Cottage built of chalk and cement blocks in course of con-
struction, and as completed (2), Pair of brick cottages, Walling of semi-
rammed chalk and straw, Chalk Pisé walling in course of construction.
Braydon Hall (Minety). House, Entrance Lodge, Grounds, Cottages.
Four process views in Particulars of Sale, Sept. 21st, 1920. Large 4to.
Bromham, “ Saint Edith’s” House, ‘Two process views. Particulars of
_ Sale, July 13th, 1920. 4to.
Chippenham. Rowden Hill House. Process view. Particulars of Sale,
June 30th, 1920. 4to.
Heywood House. Facing South, and From the Park, Dairy Farm Build-
ings, Villas and Cottages in Village, Heywood Cottage, The Old Parson-
_ age. Particulars of Sale, May 25th, 1920. Sm. folio.
Salterton Farm (Durnford). Process view. Particulars of Sale (Wood-
ford, Durnford, &c.), July 13th, 1920. Folio.
Stockton House. House and Antique Furniture. Five plates. Cata-
logue of Sale, July 20th, 21st, 1920. Royal 8vo.
Stratford-sub-Castle. Parsonage House, Stratford Mill, Avonside House,
_ Three process views. Particulars of Sale (Woodford, Durnford, Stratford,
| &e.), July 13th, 1920. Folio.
Sutton Veny. The Old Manor House. Two process views in Particulars
| of Sale, July 19th, 1920. 4to.
| ‘'Tilshead Manor Farm. Process view. Particulars of Sale, June 24th,
| 1920. 4to.
_ Woodford. Court House, Court Farm House, Woodford Mill. Three
process views. Particulars of Sale (Woodford, &c.), July 13th, 1920, Folio.
|
|
418 Wiltshire Illustrations.
The Cathedral, Old Sarum. Postcard. Restoration, photo from pen
drawing.
Great Somerford Manor House. View from Parkland, Entrance Front,
Garden Front, Part of Hunting Stabling. Photos in Sale Particulars, Oct.
14th, 1919.
Lady’s Wood, near Malmesbury. Entrance Front, Garden Front, The
Rookery, Stabling and Home Farm, Pleasure Grounds, Tennis Lawn and
Garden, Scots Farm (2). Photos in Sale Particulars, Nov. 4th, 1919.
Kaston Grey House. Entrance Front and Drive, Terrace with Yew
Walk, Looking N. towards Terrace, One of the beautiful views from the
house (4), Gentlewoman, Sept. 9th, 1922.
Amesbury. Zhe World’s Work (Magazine), April, 1922, has an article
on Chalk Houses by Gladys B. Crozier, with three illusts., Group of old
cottages at Amesbury built of Chalk Blocks, Workmen ramming Chalk .. .
Experimental Cottage No. 10, The completed Government Experimental
Chalk Cottage No. 10.
Swindon. Prize-winning carved oak Court Cupboard by A. J. Gilbert.
Furnishing Trades Organiser, June, 192).
“ 4 Guide to English Gothic Architecture,” by S. Gardner, 1922, contains
the following Wiltshire illustrations :—Bradford-on-Avon Saxon Church ;
Salisbury Cathedral: Plan, W. Front, from N.E., Tower, Windows,
Cloisters ; Malmesbury Abbey Church: 8. Porch (2), Capitals.
Calne. Chilvester House. View, Sale Particulars, Jan, 16th, 1922.
Hannington Hall. Exterior, Glimpse from Central Window of S. Front
through the Avenue, Morning Room, Staircase Hall. Four photos. Sale
Particulars, Nov. 14th, 1921.
Elcombe Hall, Wroughton. View. Sale Particulars, July 28th, 1921.
Fyfield House (modern), nr. Pewsey. Two photos. Sale Particulars,
June 6th, 1921.
Pewsey. Thatched Residence of S. B. Dixon. Photo. Sale Particulars,
May 23rd, 1921.
Huish. Farm House. Photo. Sale Particulars, June 6th, 1921.
Christian Malford. Swallet House. Photo. Sale Particulars, Nov.
93rd, 1921; The Comedy (House). Photo. Sale Particulars, Nov. 28rd,
1921.
Leighton House (Westbury), Home Farm, Lake and Boat House. Three
Photos. Sale Particulars, Dec. 14th, 1921.
Wanborough. Moat Farm, Ermin House, Underdown Farm, Kitehill
Farm, Pond Farm, Lynch Farm. Six photos. Sale Particulars, Wan-
borough Estate, July 24th, 1922.
Rushall Parsonage House, Marden Vicarage. Sale Particulars, Aug,
3rd, 1922.
Salisbury. Market Cross, Crane Bridge, The Wardrobe House. IIlusts.
in Vanishing England, by P. H. Ditchfield. 1910.
Bradford-on-Avon. ‘* Watch House on the Bridge” ; Saxon Doorway of
St. Lawrence Church. Jbzd.
Hurdcott House, photo in More Leaves from My Game Book, by Augustus
Grimble. [1917.]
Wiltshire Portraits. 419
Wilcot. Avondale Cottage, Potato Crop. Photo. Wilts Advertiser,
Nov. 20th, 1919.
Ramsbury. Bodorgan House and Stable Yard ; House in High St. ; The
Haven, High St. (4). Sale Particulars, Aug. 29th, 1922.
Holt. Stanbridge House and Garden (2). Sale Particulars, July 19th,
1922.
Westbury Church Tower. Appeal for Bells, 1920.
Devil’s Den. Observer, Sept. 18th, 1921.
Stonehenge, Punch, July 3rd, 1922.
Leather Effigies, on View at H. H. Bates’, Canal, Salisbury. 1921.
Stonehenge from the Air. Children’s Newspaper, April 29th, 1922.
Larmer Tree Grounds. Zhe Bazaar, Oct. 22nd, 1920.
Wilsford Manor ; Devizes War Memorial. Sphere, July ist, 1922.
Lacock Abbey. Members of the Photographic Convention (group). The
Amateur Photographer, July 20th, 1921.
Salisbury. Church Travelling Cinema (van). Daddy Mail, Dec. 10th,
1920.
Sir Christopher Wren, “ Bicentenary Relics of.” A perspective con-
spectus of the principal works of Sir C. Wren, with key plan (double page).
Wren’s Quarry Mark, Brass Compasses, Flowered Waistcoat, Plans, &c.,
his house at Hampton Court and room in which he died (9). JZllust. Lond.
News, March 3rd, 1923.
Wilshire aertommnedl by J ohn Speed.” “ Reprinted and published by
Kelly & Co., and. presented to subscribers to the Post Office Directory of
Wiltshire.” (Speed’s map reduced. 124in. X 163in.)
Wilton House, Sale of Armour. Jilust. Lond. News, June 23rd (4
_illusts.). Country Life, June 9th, 1923 (1 illust.),
| WILTSHIRE PORTRAITS.
Wiltshire Times. [1919]. Lieut. Dainton (Bradford), Oct. 18th.
_ Ibid. [1920]. A.G. Smith (Melksham), Aug. 14th. G. Ludlow (Tisbury),
Dec. 25th.
| Ibid. [1921]. Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Knowles (Trowbridge), Jan. Ist. Mr.
and Mrs. J. Chamberlain (Lacock), Jan. 8th. F. J. Blair (Trowbridge) ;
G. T. Fletcher (Trowbridge), Feb. 5th. S.H. Sidwell, Feb. 12th. Bp. L. G.
‘Mylne, Feb. 22nd. CC. W. Darbishire (Liberal Candidate, W. Wilts); A.J.
|
|
|
420 Wiltshire Portratts.
Bonwick (Liberal Candidate, N.-W. Wilts), Feb. 26th. Housekeeper of
Mr. Geo. Ruddle (Bourton, Bps. Cannings), March 12th. J. H. Blake
(Melksham), April 16th. Archbishop Donaldson (Bp. of Salisbury), June
22nd. W.J. Dunning (Trowbridge) July 2nd. Rev. A. T. Richardson and
Rev. W. H. M. Clarke (Bradford), July 9th. Mr. and Mrs. H. Watts, July
16th. W. R. Roberts (Candidate) July 23rd. Rev. A. G. Ambrose (Trow-
bridge), Aug. 6th. Miss M. K. McCall (Trowbridge), Sept. 2nd. Walter
and Mrs. Yerbury (Westbury), Oct. 4th. Lady Emma Thynne (Marchioness
of Northampton), Oct. 15th and 22nd. E.J. White (Trowbridge), ; George
and Mrs. Gifford (Edington), Oct. 15th. Brig.-Gen. G. Ll. Palmer, M.P.,
Dec. 24th.
Ibid. [1922]. Sir Reginald Butler (Old Park, Devizes), Jan. 7th. Mark
‘rook (Melksham), Feb. 4th. Will. Walker (Trowbridge), March 25th.
E. W. Spencer (Trowbridge), July 15th. Noel Perrett and Family (Patney),
Aug. 5th. Lord and Lady Lansdowne, Sept. 16th. Elizabeth Arundel,
Centenarian (Corsham), Sept. 23rd. C. E. Twine, Sept. 30th. John and
Mrs. Bancroft (Bradford), Oct. 28th. John Austin (Lacock), Nov. 4th.
Tady Currie (Upham), Nov. 11th. F. and Mrs. Wiltshire (Corsham), Dec.
93rd.
Ibid. [1923]. Will. Butcher (Trowbridge) Jan. 6th. C. R. Perrett
(Marston), Jan. 13th. Mr. and Mrs. Freegard (Bremhill), Jan. 20th.
G. K. McCall (Trowbridge), Feb. 2nd. John Hunt (Box); Eliz. Arundell
(Corsham, Centenarian), Feb. 15th. Rev. John and Mrs. Rees (Dilton
Marsh); Fred Hill (Trowbridge), Feb. 17th. Capt. Vict. Cazalet(Candidate);
Miss Bethia Heath (Lacock), Feb. 24th. Frank Richmond (Trowbridge),
Lady Margaret Pleydell Bouverie, March 8rd. Sidney Smith; Capt. W.
Shaw ; Lt.-Col. Hurley (Trowbridge), March 17th. T. Cole (Lacock), April
7th. Job and Mrs. Alford (Dilton Marsh), June 9th. T. C. Usher (Trow-
bridge), July 21st. Hon. Betty Holmes a Court (Heytesbury); T. K.
Chapman (Potterne) ; Eden and Mrs. Townsend (Chippenham); Rev. A.
W. S. Weatherhead (Trowbridge), Aug. 4th. Alfred and Mrs. Britton
(Sutton Benger), Sept. 8th. Eliz. Arundel (Corsham), Sept. 15th. Shaw
and Whitley Cricket Team, Sept. 22nd. Mr. and Mrs. Will. Stancomb
(Potterne) Sept. 29th. Mr. and Mrs. Fulford (Trowbridge), Oct. 6th. Gen.
Palmer; Lord and Lady Long; H. E. Woodward; C. Horton; Alan
Young (Trowbridge), Oct. 13th.
Wiltshire Gazette. [1921]. Charles and Mrs. Phyllis (Seend), Nov. 10th.
Ibid. [1922]. Sir Reginald Butler (Old Park), Jan. 5th. Charles Garnet,
High Sheriff, March 23rd. J. T. Gale (Brinkworth), Oct. 12th. George
Terrell (Candidate), Nov. 9th. Mrs. Heath (Lacock), Nov. 30th. Gen. Sir
John Hart Dunne (Wilts Regt.), Dec. 28th. ©
Ibid. [1923]. W. H. Fox Talbot; G. P. Abraham (Devizes), April 19th,
Miss Parkinson (Corsham), June 14th. W.J.and Mrs. Kelson (Seagry),
June 2lst. Wilts Regt. Chelsea Pensioners (Group), July 19th. Sir Audley
Dallas Neeld and Hon. Lady Neeld, July 26th. T. K. Chapman (Potterne),
Aug. 2nd. Miss Sophie Maude Donner (Bowden Hill), Aug. 23rd. Shaw
and Whitley Cricket Team, Sept. 20th. Mr. and Mrs. William Stancomb
(Blount’s Court, Potterne), Sept. 27th. Rector of Devizes’ Bible Class, Oct.
Ath.
|
|
|
|
|
Wiltshire Portraits. 471
Wiltshire Advertiser [1919]. Photo. A. Gilford, of Pewsey, Sept. 25th.
Ibid. [1990]. Sir James Currie, K.B.E., C.M.G. (Upham House), April Ist.
Wiltshire News [1920] Mr. and Mrs. F. Cheveril (Trowbridge) ; Capt.
B. G. Murray Shireff (Melksham), Sept. 24th.
Times [1921]. Rt. Rev. St. Clair Donaldson, Bp. of Salisbury, Archdeacon
H. W. Carpenter, Dean Burn, Dec. 22.
Ibid. [1922]. Lady Mary Thynne, Jan. 16th. Sir Christopher Wren, by
H. Gascar, March 6th. Right Rev. Huyshe Yeatman Biggs, Bp. of Coventry,
March 10th, April 17th. Countess of Pembroke and Lady Patricia Herbert,
March 11th. F.M. Lord Methuen, March 15th, Aug. 12th. Maurice
Hewlett, April 8th. Duke of Somerset, April 9th. Adm. Sir Walter Hunt-
Grubbe (Devizes), April 15th. Mrs. Matthew (Devizes), May 15th. Lord
Ernest St. Maur, May 24th. Lord Grey and Lady Glenconner, June 6th.
Maurice Hewlett, June 18th. Lord Lansdowne, July 12th. Countess of
Suffolk, Aug. 5th. Miss C. C. Bevan (Littlecote); Lord Cardigan, Sept.
21st. Lieut.-Col. the Hon. E. M. Colston, Sept. 25th. Lord Folkestone
and Miss Helen Adeane, Oct. 6th and 12th. Lady Patricia Herbert, Oct.
97th. Lady Currie; Lt.-Col. W. C. Heward Bell; G. Terrell; Brig.-Gen.
G. Ll. Palmer, Nov. 4th.
Ibid. [1923]. W.S. Bambridge (Marlborough), Jan. 22nd. Lady Margaret
Pleydell Bouverie, Jan. 26th. Duke of Somerset, April 9th. Lord Bath,
May 2nd. Lady Folkestone; Lady Ursula Brudenell Bruce, June Ist.
Lady Mary Thynne, July 14th. Hon. Betty Holmes 4 Court, Aug. 2nd.
Daily Sketch. [1920]. Lady Fuller (Widow of Sir John Fuller) and
Lt.-Col. Roland Forestier Walker, D.S.O.; Earl Cowley; Marchioness of
Bath, Nov. 17th. Sub.-Lt. the Hon. Ch. Tennant (Ld. Glenconner) Nov.
23rd.
Ibid. [1921]. Countess Cowley, Lord Dangan, Jan. Ist. Lady Fuller,
Jan. 5th. Ld. Glenconner, Lady Glenconner, The New Ld. Glenconner
(Ch. Tennant), Edward Wyndham Tennant, Col. Guy Wyndham, and Miss
Olivia Wyndham (Clouds), Jan. 14th. Hon. Stephen Tennant, April 6th.
Ld. and Lady Glanely, April 21st. Sam Darling, May 18th. Enid Marg.,
d. of Master of Marlb. College, May 20th. Ld. Glanely (Lackham), June
_ 3rd. Duchess of Somerset, June 27th. Duke of Somerset, Aug. 1st. Miss
|
\
Marcia Buddicombe (Mrs. Hugh Arnold Forster, (Basset Down), Aug, 24th.
Capt. Dick Wyndham and Mrs. Wyndham (Clouds), Oct. 4th. Lord
Islington (Hartham), Sept. 28th and Oct. 19th (caricature). Lady Emma
Thynne (Marchioness of Northampton); Marquis and Marchioness of
Bath; Lady Mary Thynne, Oct. 17th. Rt. Rev. Huyshe Yeatman Biggs,
_ Bishop of Coventry (Stockton), Oct. 5th and 27th. Lord Lansdowne,
{
P|
\
Portrait by Lavery, Oct. 13th. Lord Long, Nov. 2nd. Lady Gleconner,
Nov. 5th. Hon. Eric and Mrs. Long, Dec. 13th. Hon. Seymour Methuen,
Dec.16th. Rt. Rev. St. Clair Donaldson, Bp. of Salisbury, Dec. 22nd.
Ibid. [1922]. Joseph Watson, Jan.2nd. Miss Amy Fairhurst, M.F.H.,
dan. 3rd. Algernon St. Maur, Duke of Somerset (caricature), Jan. 5th.
_..ev. Vincent Ransome (Compton Bassett), Jan. 18th. Gerard Lee Bevan
_ (Littlecote), Feb. 13th and Dec. 6th. Lord Pembroke, March 9th. Duke
_and Duchess of Somerset, March 10th. Lord and Lady Manton, March 15th.
Lord Folkestone and Miss Helen Adeane, April 11th and Oct. 6th. Adm.
| VOL. XLII.—NO. CXXXI1X. 2F
499 Wiltshire Portraits.
Sir Walter Hunt Grubbe (Devizes), April 15th. Lord St. Davids (caricature), |
May 11th. Lordand Lady Glanely (Lackham), May 31st. Lady Glenconner
and Viscount Grey, June 6th. Lt. W. Ludford, V.C. (Wilts Regt.), June 26th. |
Field-Marshal Lord Methuen, June 26th. Sir Fred. Banbury (Warneford —
Place), (caricature), July 14th. Lord Lansdowne, July 20th, Sept. 11th.
Countess of Suffolk, Aug. 5th. Hon. Betty Holmes.a Court (Heytesbury), |
Aug. 11th. Gerard Lee Bevan (Littlecote), Sept. 15th. Clara C. Bevan,
(Littlecote), Sept. 21st. Lt.-Col. the Hon. E. M. Colston, Sept.21st. Lady |
Mary Thynne, Oct. 17th. Lady Muriel Jex Blake (Wilton), Oct. 20th.
Lady Currie (Upham), Oct. 21st. Alec Taylor (Manton), Oct. 25th. Lady |
Goldney, O.B.E., Nov. 9th. Miss Cicely Troyte Bullock (Zeals), Nov. 10th |
and 27th. Hon. Mrs. Cooper (d. of Lord Long), Dec. Ist. Mrs. Bevan |
(Littlecote), Dec. 6th. Lord and Lady Kerry, Dec. 8th. Lady Margaret |
Pleydell Bouverie (Longford), Dec. 8th. Lady Jean Hamilton (Ferne), |
Dec. 19th. |
Ibid. [1923]. Hon. Joan Dickson Poynder, Jan. 1st. Miss Patience |
Fuller, Jan. 8th. Lady Ursula Brudenell Bruce (Savernake), Jan. 12th. |
Lord Lansdowne; Lady Goldney ; Alfred Ball (Swindon), Jan. 15th. Sir |
Owen Philipps (Lord Kylsart) and Lady Philipps, Jan. 22nd, March 14th. |
Lady Kerry, Feb. 27th. Miss Olivia Wyndham, April 7th. Miss Desiree |
Welby (Bradford), Ap. 13th. Countess of Pembroke, May 1st. Marguerite |
Countess of Suffolk, May 8th. Miss Bridget Fuller, May 26th. Viscount |
Long, May 29th. Hon. Seymour Methuen, June Ist. Alec Taylor (Manton), |
June 6th. |
Daily Graphic. [1923]. Sir Audley Dallas Neeld and Lady Neeld, July |
Qnd. Lord Methuen, July 27th. Countess of Suffolk; Hon. Betty Holmes |
a Court, Aug. 2nd. Lord Glanely, Sept. 10th. Lady Grey of Fallodon, |
Oct. 5th. |
Daily Mirror. [1920]. Lady Muriel Herbert (Jex Blake), Aug 6th, |
Earl of Suffolk and Hon. Cecil J. A. Howard, Sept. 14th.
Ibid. [1921]. Bp. Donaldson, Archdeacon H. W. Carpenter, and Dean |
Burn, Dec. 22nd. }
Ibid. [1922]. Lady Glenconner, June 7th. Reuben George (Swindon), |
June 23rd. Miss Cicely Troyte Bullock (Zeals), Nov. 27th.
Country Life. [1921]. Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, by Van Dyck, |
at Rockingham Castle, July 23rd. Lady Mary Thynne (full page) Oct. 8th. |
Ibid. [1922]. Lady Mary Thynne, Feb, 28th. Hon. Joan Dickson |
Poynder (full page), Dec. 30th.
Ibid. [1923]. Lady Ursula Brudenell Bruce (full page) Jan. 13th. Lady
Mary Thynne, April 21st. Marquis and Marchioness of Worcester, June
23rd. Sir Chr. Wren, Bust by Ed. Pierce, Sept. 1st. :
Illustrated London News. [1921]. Rt. Rev. F. E. Ridgeway, Bp. of
Salisbury, May 14th.
Ibid. [1922]. Sir Hen. Newbolt (Netherhampton); Joseph Watson
(Manton), Jan. 7th. Viscount Folkestone and Miss Helena Adeane, Jan. 19th.
Lady Currie (Upham), Oct. 28th. Lord Ludlow, Nov. 18th. Lord Justice
Warrington (Lavington), Nov. 25th.
Ibid. [1928]. Sir Owen Philipps, Feb. 17th. Sir Chr. Wren, March 3rd.
Lady Mary Thynne, March 81st. Lord and Lady Pembroke, June 2nd.
Wiltshire Portraits. 423
Gentlewoman. [1920]. Duchess of Devonshire, Oct. 2nd.
Ibid. [1921]. Lady Sibil Phipps, Jan. ist. Lt.-Col. and Mrs. Forestier
Walker, Feb. 5th. Lady Islington, April 16th. Lady Glanely, Sept. 17th.
Lady Mary Thynne, Sept. 14th. Lord and Lady Ludlow, Nov. 26th.
Ibid. [1922]. Lady Mary Thynne, Jan. 14th. Countess of Pembroke,
Feb. 4th. Hon. Joan Dickson Poynder ; Countess of Pembroke and Lady
Patricia Herbert, March 18th. Miss Gwen Alcock (Salisbury), April 29th.
Lady Glanely, June 17th. Marquis of Ailesbury, Oct. 7th. Lady Jean
Hamilton (Ferne), Dec. 30th.
Queen. [1922]. The late Earl of Pembroke ; Hon. Mrs. Percy Wynd-
ham. May 13th.
Ibid. [1923]. Hon. Joan. Dickson Poynder ; Mrs. Guy Wyndham and
her daughter Joan. Feb. 8th. Lady Ursula Brudenell Bruce. Feb. 22nd.
Tatler, [1920]. ‘‘ Countess of Kingston seated in the doorway of a charm-
ing old 13th century house at Trowbridge” (full page). Sept. 8th.
Ibid. [1922]. Lord Folkestone and Miss Helen Adeane. Aug. 28rd.
Ibid. [1923]. Mrs. Edgar Brassey ; Capt. and Lady Margaret Spicer.
March 24th.
Daily Mail. [1920]. Lady Beatrix Wilkinson (Wilton). Dec. 10th.
Ibid. [1921]. Lady Glenconner and Lord Grey. Nov. 24th.
Ibid. [1922]. Mrs. Matthews (Devizes), May 15th. Mrs. Bevan (Little-
cote), July 3rd. Gerard L. Bevan (Littlecote), Sept. 15th.
Commander and Mrs. Codrington (Wroughton); Col. W. F. Fuller.
Sketch, Aug. 30th, 1922.
Rev. W. H. M. Clarke (Westbury), appeal for bells, 1920.
Countess of Pembroke. ve, The Lady’s Pictorial, Jan. 4th, 1922.
Major F. G. Wright (Swindon). WV. Wilts Herald, March 9th, 1923.
Sir Henry Newbolt (Netherhampton). Daly Telegraph, Jan. 2nd, 1922.
Mary, d. of Fay Inchfawn (Mrs. Atkinson Ward, of Bradford-on- Avon).
Girls’ Own Paper, Oct., 1921.
Lord and Lady Grey (Lady Glenconner). Sphere, July Ist, 1922.
Alec Taylor (cartoon). Bystander, May 26th, 1920.
George Terrell, Lt.-Col. W. C. Heward Bell, W. R. Roberts (candidates).
Election addresses, Nov., 1922.
Bishop St. Clair Donaldson (Salisbury). Salesbury Journal, special
supplement, Dec. 23rd, 1921.
William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke. A good reproduction of the
engraved portrait by Robert Van Voerst after Daniel Mytens, with some
account of the Karl, and his connection with the court of Elizabeth, and
his supposed connection with Shakespeare is given as a plate in the
Connoisseur, vol. lxvi., pp. 225, 226, Aug. 1923. The portrait by Mytens is
at Wilton.
Portrait of Carlyle by James Waylen. In Messrs. Puttick & Simpson’s
Catalogue of Books to be sold on Nov. 17th, 1921, the last item is the
following :—“ 303. Carlyle (Lhomas) Portrait, head and shoulders, life
size, painted by James Waylen, artist and author of the ‘ House of Crom-
well,’ his friend and neighbour for many years, 23in. by 32in., in gilt frame.”’
The Times, May 31st, 1922, contained an account of two oil portraits of
oe hee
424 Additions to Museum and Library.
Lord Chancellor Westbury, discovered at Florence in the studio of a well- |
known Italian artist, Michele Gordigiani, who probably painted them in |
the sixties of the 19th century, when Lord Westbury (cir. 1865) purchased —
an estate called Celle, near Pistoja. One of the portraits has been purchased |
for the National Portrait Gallery, the other (of which a photo is reproduced) |
has been hung in the old Board Room of the Privy Council Office.
In “ The Catalogue of the . . . Collection of . . . Drawings
and Miniatures, &c., fc., the property of Francis Wellesley, Esq.,” sold at |
Sotheby’s, June 28th to July 2nd, 1920, are :— |
Lot 112. Mrs. Delaney (Mary Granville) full length pencil drawing, by |
Richard Cosway. 7Zin. X Qin.
» 209. Her Sketch Book, containing 89 drawings.
», 3801. Joseph Addison. Half length. Plumbago, by John Faber, Jun. |
318. Miss Hoare, of Wiltshire. Half length. Plumbago. 2in. x 24in,
by James Fergusson. :
» 450. The Protector Somerset. Half length. Plumbago, by Jacobus
Howbraken.
, 452. Mrs. Delaney(in oldage). Half length. Pencil, by John Hoppner. |
» 499. Margaret Countess of Pembroke. Body colour by Sir Godfrey |
Kneller.
» 595. William Herbert Earl of Pembroke, 1594—1648. On panel. |
Full length, by Peter Oliver. |
,, 801. Joseph Addison. Pencil and Indian ink, by George Vertue.
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum.
Presented by Dr. R. C. Cray: Thirty-seven arrowheads and twelve flint |
fabricators from Windmill Hill, Avebury. |
Capr. AND Mrs. Cunnineton: Incense cup from barrow |
near Amesbury. Portion of bronze celt. Flint imple- |
ments, &c., from the collection of Mr. J. Soul, of |
Amesbury.
Rev. C. V. Gopparp: Two lobed horseshoes from drainage |
excavations at Pembroke Arms, Wilton.
99 99
Presented by
Additions to Museum and Library. 42
Ot
The Library.
THE AvutHor, E. H. Stons, F.S.A.: “The Age of Stonehenge
deduced from the Orientation of its Axis.” Antiquaries’
Journal, 1923.
Mr. W. G. Kier: Six Wilts photographs.
Tue Rev. E. H. Gopparp: “The First Bishop of Barking,
Thomas Stevens.” 1921.
Mr. HEctor Wayien: The late James Waylen’s copy of
Akerman’s ‘“ Wiltshire Glossary,” with many MS. ad-
ditions. —
Mr. G. A. H. Wuitr: A large number of legal papers,
deeds, &c., connected with Minety, Blunsdon, Cricklade,
Purton, Poulton, &c., ke.
Mr. J. D. Crosriztp: A series of back numbers of the
Magazine.
THe AutTHor, Dr. G. B. Grunpy: “The Saxon Land
Charters of Wiltshire. First Series.” Reprint from
Archxological Journal. 1923.
Mr. W. Hewarp Bet: “Geological Journal.” Papers
connected with Soldiers’ Families’ Association during
the war.
Cart. B. H. Cunninecton: “A Description of two Ancient
Horseshoes found near Silbury Hill.” 4to. N.D.
Mr. W. H. Barretrr: ‘Two vellum estate maps of the
Manor of Asserton (in Berwick St. James), 1665, and
of Shaw, in the parish of Melksham, 1724. Small folio
MS. dated 1599, of the Customs of the Manor of Hul-
Javington, with lists of the holdings of the tenants, &c.
Plan of the intended Wilts, Somerset, and Dorset
Railway, 1844, &c. Small 4to MS. “Survey of the
lands of Ferdinand Hughes, of Bromham,” 1652.
Mr. W. G. Couiins: Drawing of masons’ marks on Bradford-
on-Avon Barton Barn.
Messrs. Jackson : Several old estate maps, and sale catalogues.
Mr. GC. W. Cunnington: MS. Book of Accounts for Building
the New Bridewell at Devizes. 1810—1815.
Mr. J. J. Suede: Nine Wiltshire Sale Catalogues.
Lr.-Cot. S. T. BANNING: Five small 4to Note Books with
MS. Notes by F. Carrington, on Ogbourne, Marl-
borough, &c.
Tue AutHor, Mr. W. A. Wess: “ The early years of Stage
Coaching on the Bath Road, told by the original notices.”
Rev. A. Joyce Watson: Copy of No. 182 of the Magazine.
Tue Misses Granr Meek: “Justice Kent’s Ledger Book.”
A. beautiful illuminated MS. volume containing the
“Constitution of the Borough of Devizes,” Wc., &c.,
dated 1628. Statistics of Crime in Wilts. Picture of
Devizes Market Place.
426 Additions to Museum and Lnbrary.
Presented by Taz AutHor, Mr. C. Haskins: The History of Salisbury
“Tne minis 1922.
bi » CANON KnusBiey: Reprint of “ Land and Freshwater Mol-
lusca of Winsley,” by D. Bacchus, from Journal of
Conchology.
_ » Mr. A. D. Passmore: Photograph of Roman? Sarsen Mill-
stone found near Avebury Truslowe.
» THE Eprrors, Messrs. J. R. Taytor, H. CO. BRENTNALL, and
G. C. Turner : “A History of Marlborough College by
A. G. Bradley, A. C. Champneys, and J. W. Baines, now
revised and continued,” 1923.
THE GREAT WESTERN RarLway: “ England’s Riviera,’ by
J. Harris Stone, 1913.
6 8 ObT 1958
C. H. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
THE SOCIETY'S, PUBLICATIONS (Continued).
STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. 6d. This still remains the best and most
reliable account of Stonehenge and its Earthworks,
WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
Canon J. Ei. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates.
Price £2 10s.
WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES TI, 8vo,
pp. vii. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. I., and ED. II. 8vo.
pp. xv., 505. In parts as issued. Price 138s.
DITTO. FROM THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six
parts as issued. Price 13s.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY oF tHe GREAT STONE MONUMENTS oF
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE anp AVEBURY, with other references,
by W. Jerome Harrison, I.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No.89, Dec.
1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 book
papers, &c., by 732 authors,
THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. An important work in 2 vols., 8vo,
pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many
Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
|
printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
members, £2.
Wanted No. 132 of the Wiltshire Arch. Magazine.
The Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, offers 6s.
each for copies of this number of the Magazine in good
condition.
BOOKBINDING.
Books carefully Bound to pattern.
Wilts Archeological Magazine bound to match previous volumes,
We have several back numbers to make up sets.
C. H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
North Wilts Museum and
In answer to the appeal made in 1905 annual subscriptions :
varylng from £2 to ds. to the amount of about £30 a year for this |
_ purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of |
the Society and the fund thus set on foot has enabled the
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the Library and |
Museum.
It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at least |
£50 a year in order that the General Fund of the Society may |
be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum, and |
set free for the other purposes of the Society.
Subseriptions of 5s, a year, or upwards, are asked for, and |
should be sent either to Mr. D. OwEn, Bank Chambers, Devizes,
or Rev. li. H. Gopparn, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. |
_ The Committee appeal to Members of the Society vl others |
to secure any ;
Objects of Antiquity,
AND
Natural History Specimens,
found in the County of Wilts and to forward them to the |
Hon, Curator, Mr. B. H. Cunnineron, Devizes. : 2 4
Modern Pamphlets, Sale Catalogues, Articles,
Portraits, Wlustrations from recent Magazines J
or Papers bearing in any way on the County, |
and Sale Particulars of Wiltshire Properties ;
will be most gratefully received for the Library by the Rev.
EK. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, Hon. Librarian. oe
Old Wiltshire Deeds. —
The Society has in recent years received several large consig! n- |
ments of old deeds and papers, no longer of legal value from |
Solicitors who were clearing out the accumulation of years in their |
offices. The Committee asks all Wiltshire Solicitors in li
circumstances to give the Society the opportunity of acquiring :
deeds no longer needed rather than to sell them elsewher
destroy them. They often contain matter of great value for t the |
study of Place Names, Topography, and Genealogy. a
C. He WOODWARD, MACHINE PRINTER, DEVIZES,
THE
WILT SI HI oD
(Poprisiep UNDER THE DIRECTION ort THE
bin 8
ea Bae 3 weehe
SOCIETY: FORMED IN THAT COUNTY.
dish salem Heats J eal Dasa tna se
- «yi, |
EDITED BY
© tiv. © H. GODDARD, Clyfe. Vicarage, Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this ‘‘ Magazine’ are alone responsible for all
statements made therein],
PRINTED FOR THE Society By C. H. Woopwarp,
|
DEVIZES :
EXcHANGE BUILDINGS, STATION Roan. |
Price 8s. Members, Gratis.
NOTICE T O MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE that a a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of he Magazine will be found at the end of Vols.
Viil., Xvi, 2 a The subsequent Volumes are
The N ae Degen will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 The “Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the-
Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subseriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre- |
tary: the Rev, HE. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS.
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH ~
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Mixtra Cloth. Price £2 2s. __
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo. |
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rey. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the |
Public, 16s. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.
CATALOGUE or raz STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES |
IN THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or ANTIQUITIES in tun SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, |
Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price 2s,
CATALOGUE or tun SOCIETY'S LIBRARY ar rue MUSEUM. |
Price ls. APPENDIX No. L., IJ., and III., 3d. each.
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, IN THE SOCIETY’ S|
LIBRARY at tHE MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS In THE SOCIETY'S |
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tue MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 8s., 5s. 6d.,_
and 3x. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised).
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices.
WILTSHIRE
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAAINE.
No. CXL. JUNE, 1924. Vout. XLII.
Contents. PAGE.
THe WILtsHirRE LICHENS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF BoTAaNny
AT THE Britisa Museum: By Cecil P. Hurst ............... 427—430
THE “BLugE Stone” FROM BoLkes Barrow: By B. Howard
CShuimimime Cons) HASVA] SCOts. seccce.2.c-cactececsesesccosescediecesss consis 431—437
Nores oN A _ PALiImMesEST BRaAss FROM STEEPLE ASHTON
Curren: By Canon He P. Knwbley. ...-......22..-.0.00ces canes 438—44]
Notes on WILTSHIRE CHURCHES: By Sir Stephen Glynne,
eM OOTECLALOLCOL) ES: «ceed addlsidcis «cic cas sa cieseredslcebetecdseolaceceoccsseceess 449—445
THe METHOD OF ERECTING THE STONES OF STONEHENGE: By
HE ROER UES TOMES HS As, / mais ceiincccsacsscicneexsecdegudscdsceLoevcepoe 446—456
An Earzy [Iron Ace Sire on Firtetp Bavant Down: By
ea On Clay, MAR.CIS., E:R:C.P.....0.ccets. cad 457—496
WANSDYKE. REPORT OF TOA ATTERS ON ITS ina BY Nee
BUILDINGS, NEAR MaruporoucH: By Albany F. Major,
OMS AHN SANG eee eee es oleinccineisns saaechibteasenessteleaciececdeccsses 497-500
WILTs Ommaney ese Were casrieinctiedaeees one -OOk—=iel
WILTSHIRE Books, Dae, AND AEROS sicbieiouiseituseryee. Ol === ON
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY..........0-cccseseeesescoveeces 526—527
ACCOUNTS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1928 .............0..0. 528—530
ILLUSTRATIONS.
House at Heytesbury, Wilts, where W. Cunnington, F.S.A.,
lived from 1775 to 1810 . ae 431
The Blue Stone in Heytesbuty Hones’ Garden Wear arn
East sides . Bee, 454.
Sketch of the Blue Stone in PHeoeesbuty, House Chiou. Sees 434
A Palimpsest Brass from Steeple Ashton Church.. 438
Kight Illustrations of the Method of Erecting the Shenae a
RS HOMNE MOINS CMR naeeat a aettadt. cua atslerciiac\ sn «ef cassocace dev ss scanseees 453—456
Plans of two groups of Pits on Fifield avant IDOWR con odosac 457
Plates I.—XVIII., Sections of Pits and illustrations of
Objects found at the Early Iron Age Site on Fifield
Bavant Down ..... 494
Plates XXIV. and 2 XXV.. -Sicull. from Teiaelal Bavantl Bite 494
Plan and Sections of ie eavations One Wansdiyikehes.. ee. one 497
Devizes :—C. H. Woopwarp, ExcHAaNGE BUILDINGS, Sration Roap.
A
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
‘“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS.’’—Ovid.
No. CXL. JUNE, 1924. Vou. XLII.
THE WILTSHIRE LICHENS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF
BOTANY AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM,
By CrciL P. Hurst.
The following catalogue of the Wiltshire lichens in the British Museum
has kindly been sent me by Miss A Lorrain Smith, authoress of “A J/ono-
graph of the British Lichens.” ‘The list, which includes forty-five species,
is prefaced by some account of the lichenologists who collected them in the
county. In recording the plants, the modern name of the lichen is given
first, then follows the herbarium in which it occurs, and then the inscription
on the label attached to the specimen with the name given to it when it
was collected and the locality and date. The four lichens from Stonehenge
—Parmelia caperata, gathered in the eighteenth century by Robert Nicholls
and named by him “‘ J/uscus crustaceus leprosus scutellaris conereus,” P.
scortea, found by the Rev. R. G. Leathes, Physcia fusca, by Edward Forster,
and Haematomma coccineum, a conspicuous plant with crimson apothecia
contrasting strongly with the rough white or yellowish thallus, noticed by
J. Dickson, who called it ‘* Lichen coccineus,” and included it in his Hortus
siccus Britannicus, issued 1793—1799—are interesting records; one would
like to know if they still grow on Stonehenge. Parmelia caperata is common
on trees in Wiltshire and also is found on boulders, and its occurrence on
Stonehenge might be expected. /P. scortea grows on a flattish tombstone in
Great Bedwyn churchyard ; it is a rare lichen with the very pale thallus
covered towards the centre with the dark outgrowths known as isidia.
Physcia fusca, a plant with chestnut-brown narrow thongs or laciniae, is
found on sarsen stones in the “ Valley of Rocks,” near Marlborough, a very
inland station for this generally maritime species. Haematomma cocconeum
is not uncommon throughout the British Isles on rocks and boulders in
upland and maritime districts and isa very noticeable species. Rare lichens
are Parmelia prolixa var. isidiascens, from Sarsen stones at Fifield, Cande-
lariella vitellina var. xanthostigma, from Bradford-on-Avon, Physcia pul-
verulenta var. venusta form subvenusta and Rinodina sophodes from Kemble,
Lecanora piniperda var. ochrostoma, from a railing in Braydon Forest, and
Lecidea virescens and L. crustulata, from Oaksey, while the only specimens
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXL, ae
428 The Wiltshire Lichens at the British Museum
of Lecidea cyclisca in the British Museum were gathered at Bathampton, in
Wiltshire. Five of the lichens are from Savernake Forest, still an inter-
esting collecting ground,and six were observed in the area known as Braydon
Forest. Some notice of the Marlborough and Savernake Forest plants is
given in my paper, “ Hast Wiltshire Lichens” (Wilts Arch. Mag,., vol. xlii.,
p. 1). With regard to the localities :—Braydon Forest signifies the district
between Minety, Ashton Keynes, Purton, Wootton Bassett, and Brink-
worth; this Forest at one time was more extensive ; Fifield is the village on
the Marlborough—Calne road ; Chelworth may be either in Cricklade or
Crudwell parishes; and Somerford Keynes and Kemble were given to
Gloucestershire at the last rectification of the county boundaries.
W. JOSHUA, of Cirencester. Born London, 1828: d. Cheltenham, 1898.
His lichen herbarium, containing 1464 specimens, purchased by Mus. Brit.
1880, also his “* Microscopical Slides of British Lichens ”—48 specimens in
one fascicle (1879) purchased by Mus. Brit. 1880.
EDWARD FORSTER, F.R.S. Born Walthamstow, 1765 : d. Woodford,
Essex, 1849. Herbarium purchd. by Robt. Brown and presd. by him to
the British Museum 1849.
DR. H. B. HOLL. Born Worcester (?) 1820: d. Cheltenham, 1886.
Collected 47 volumes Brit. Lichens, now in British Museum. |
REV. Andrew BLOXAM. Born Rugby, 1801: d. Harborough Magna, |
Leicester, 1878. Visited South America as Naturalist to the ‘‘ Blonde,” |
1824-5. Fungi and MSS. in Mus. Brit. |
REV. JAMES MORRISON CROMBIE, F.L.S. Born Aberdeen, 1833 :
d. Ewhurst, Surrey, 1906. ‘‘ Lichenes Britannict 1871”: “New British |
Lichens,” Journ. Bot., 1869: “ Monograph of the Lichens found in Britain, |
1894. His herbarium in Mus. Brit. |
ROBERT NICHOLLS (fl. 1745). Plants in Mus. Brit. |
REV. R. G. LEATHES. .(1'778(?)—1836.) Died Shropham, Norfolk.
Plants in Herb. Rev. T. Rogers, of Lackford.
BROOME, C. E. Born Berkhampstead, Herts, 1812: d. Holborn, 1886. |
Mycologist. Herbarium in Mus. Brit. |
DICKSON, J. Born Traquhair, Peebles, 1738: d. Broad Green, Croydon, |
1823. Published fascicles of British Cryptogams. )
PHILLIPS, WILLIAM. Born 1822: d. Canonbury, Shrewsbury, 1906. |
Herbarium in Mus. Brit., chiefly Fungi. |
WILTSHIRE LICHENS. From Miss A. L. Surrn’s MonocrarH oF I
BritisH LICHENS.
Calicium sphaerocephalum(Wahlenb.) Herb. W.J ashinen C. trachelinum
f. hemephaeum (Nyl.) On willow nr. Cricklade. W.J. 11/1876. fe
Calicium curtum (Turn. & Borr.) Herb. W. Joshua. Calictwm curtum |
(Borr.) Braydon Forest, Wilts. W.J. 7.1876. |
Placynthium nigrum (S. F. Gray). Kd. Forster’s Herbarium.—1849. |
Lecidea nigra. Ona wall at Manton, near Marlborough, 1809. |
Collema pulposum (Ach.) Herb. W. Joshua. Collema pulposum. Old |
wall nr. Purton, Wilts. W. J. 1.1875. (Not Preston, as quoted in |
Monograph.)
By Cecil P. Hurst. 429
Collema chetleum (Ach.) Herb. George Davies.—Recd. 1892. C’. checleum
typical form. Nr. Oaksey. W.J. 2.1874.
Collema crispum (Ach.) Herb. H. B. Holl. Collema crispum (Ach.)
Bathampton Downs, Wilts. (No date.) Dy. H. B. Holl.
Collema furvum (Ach.) Ed. Forster’s Herbarium.—1849. Collema
granulatum. Ona wall at Manton, nr. Marlborough. 1809.
Leptogium turgidum(Nyl.) Cromb. Herb. A. Bloxam.—1875. Leptogium
turgidum (Ach.) Sevenhampton, Wilts. (No date.)
Leptogium plicatile (Nyl.) Herb. E. Forster. Collema plicatilis. 1, at
Manton, near Marlborough 1809.
Parmelia caperata(Ach.) Muscus crustaceus leprosus scutellaris cinereus.
From Stonehenge. Robert Nicholls, 1745. Ray Syn. page 322.
Parmelia scortea (Ach.) . Stonehenge, Wilts. Rev. R. G. Leathes. (Mo
date.)
Parmelia saxatilis f. furfuracea (S. Schaer). Ed. Forster’s Herbarium.
1849. Beeches in Savernake Forest, Wilts, 1809.
Parmelia acetabulum (Dub.) Herb. W. Joshua. Parmelia acetabulum
(Neck.) Somerford Keynes, Wilts. W.J. 2.74.
Parmelia exasperata (Nyl.) Herb. W. Joshua: Parmelia olivacea f.
exasperata on old poplars. Cricklade, Wilts. W. J. 1874,
Parmelia prolixa subsp. delisea var, vsidiascens(Nyl.) Lichen Exchange
Club of the British Isles. Parmelia prolixa, isidiascens. Sarsen stones.
Fifield, N. Wilts. H. F. Parsons. May 7th, 1908.
Xanthoria Polycarpa (Oliv.) Herb. W. Joshua. Diminutive form of
Physcia partetina. Onash. Kemble, Wilts. W. J. 2.74.
Physcia ciliarts DC. Ph. ciliarrs (L.) spermogoniufera = f. verrucosa
{(Ach.) On trunks of old elms. Near Swindon, Wiltshire. Coll. Crombie.
Type specimen. legit. J. M.C. V/1864.
Candellariella vitellina var. xanthostigma (A. L. Smith). Herb. W
Joshua. (Lecanora xanthostigma (Ach.) legit. Crombie.) JL. vitellinus %
(Ach.) Bradford. 8.H. (%)
Physcia fusca (A. L. Smith). Ed. Forster’s Herbarium.—1849. Parmelia
_ aquila. 1. On Stonehenge. (Wo date.)
| Physcia pulverulenta var. venusta f. subvenusta (Oliv.) Herb. W. Joshua.
Parmelia pulverulenta f. venusta. Kemble, Wilts. W.J. 3.73.
_ Physcia erosa (Leight.) Herb, W. Joshua. Physcia erosa (Hffm.) Old
elm nr. Swindon (Wilts.) W. J. 1874.
Rinodina sophodes (Th. Fr.) Herb. W. Joshua. Lecanora sophodes f.
| arctica (Ach.) Onash. Kemble, Wilts. W. J. 274.
Rinodina roboris (Arn.) Ed. Forster’s Herbarium.—1849. Lecanora
_ sophodes. On Savernake Forest, Wilts. 1809.
Lecanora umbrina (Massal.) Herb. C. E. Broome.—Bequeathed 1886.
_ Parmelia hagent? Bannerdown. Jan., 1856.
Lecanora pallida (Schaer). Ed. Forster’s Herbarium.—1849. Parmelia
albella. L. melleum E. B. On Savernake Forest 1809.
| Lecanora symmictera (Nyl.) Herb. W. Joshua. Lecidea spododes (Nyl.)
_ Rails nr. Minety. W.J. 1876. K—C—1 Blue.
| Lecanora piniperda var. ochrostoma (Koerb.) Herb.W. Joshua. Lecanora
varia f. saepincola (Ach.) Railing. Braydon Forest, Wilts. W.J-. 3.1875.
i
| ‘
| . DE.
-|
|
430 The Wiltshire Lichens at the British Museum.
Lecanora parella var. Turneri (Nyl.) Ed. Forster’s Herbarium.—1849.
Lecanora T'urnert., 2. Savernake Forest, nr. Marlborough. 1809.
Haematomma, cocctneum (Koerb.) J. Dickson.—“ Hortus siccus Britanni-
cus.”—1793—1799. 24. Lichen coccineus. Rocks. Stonehenge. (Wo date.)
Pertusaria faginea (Leight.) Herb. W. Joshua. Pertusaria amara
(Ach.) Nr. Minety, Wilts. W.J. 1874.
Lecidea quernea (Ach.) Herb. William Phillips.—Recd. 1906. Lecidea
guernea. Onoak. Downton. July, 76.
Lecidea viridescens (Ach.) Herb. J. H. Crombie.—Recd. 1906. Lecidea
viridescens? On old pales. Nr. Oaksey. W.J. 9.1874.
Lecidea cyclisca (Mass.) Lecidea cyclisca (Mass. Syn. p. 40.) Bathampton
Down, Wiltshire. H.B. Holl. leg. 1865.
Lecidea crustulata (Ach.) Herb. W. Joshua. Zecidea crustulata. Oaksey
Wilts. W.J. 10/1876.
Biatorina globulosa (Koerb.) Herb. J. M. Crombie.—Recd. 1906. Lecidea
globulosa (Flk.) On poplar. Chelworth. W.J. 5.1875.
Biatorina synothea (Kerb.) Herb. W. Joshua. Lecidea denigrata (Nyl.)
Oaksey Rd. W.J. 3.1876.
Arthonia didyma (Koerb.) Herb. W. Johua. Arthonia vinosa (Leight)
Oaks. Braydon Forest, Wilts. W.J. 3.75.
Arthonia prunata (Steudel.) Herb. W. Joshua. Arthonia impolita.
Old pollard oak. Nr. Oaksey. W.J. 9.1874.
Arthonia radiata var. Swartziana (Sydow.) Herb. W. Joshua. Arthonia.
Swartziana (Ach.) Braydon Forest. W.J. 3.1875.
Melaspilea proximella (Nyl.) Herb. W. Joshua. Arthonia proximella
(Leight.) Braydon Forest. W. J. 8.1876.
Opegrapha lyncea (Borr.) Herb. W. Joshua. Opegrapha lyncea (Sm.)
Old oaks. Purton. W.J. 5.1874. |
Phaeographis wnusta var. macularis (A. LL. Smith.) Herb. W. Joshua.
Graphisinustaf. macularis (Leight.) Braydon Forest, Wilts. W. J. 6.1876.
Phaeographis dendritica f. obtusa (Leight.) Herb. W. Joshua. Graphis
dendritica f. obtusa. Kemble. W.J. 5/73.
Arthopyrenia fallax (Arn.) Herb, Edward Forster, presented by Robert
Brown, 1849. Verrucaria epidermididis & Stigmatella? On Savernake
Forest, Wilts. 1809.
Phaeographis inusta. Kemble, Wilts.
”
.)
“£anqseyseyy ‘SOT ‘ON SB UMOUy —
MOU SLOT ‘OISL 0} GLL[ Woazy peal, “YO ‘UopSuruUND “AA etoyM ‘sqft AA “Arnqseqysop ye osnoFT
ol Ona
431
THE “BLUE STONE” FROM BOLES BARROW.
By B. Howarp CunnineTon, F.S.A., Scot.
In the Wilts Archxological Magazine, Vol. xli., No. 133, pp. 172—4, is a
note on the finding of a ‘ Blue hard Stone ye same as at Stonehenge,” in
Boles Barrow by Wm. Cunnington, F.S.A., of Heytesbury. This note left
many points undecided, but since it was written other important facts
bearing on the subject have come to light.
In order that the subject may be complete, I venture, at the risk of
repetition, to give a full account of what is known of the matter.
William Cunnington, F.S.A., of Heytesbury, who died December 31st,
1810, shortly after the publication of the first volume of “ Ancient Wilts,”
left a number of letters,and copies of letters (now bound in six books), that had
been sent, or received, by him during his archeological researches. These,
a few years ago, came into my possession. Among them isa copy of a
letter in the handwriting of his daughter, Elizabeth, to Mr. Wyndham, as
follows :—
“to H. P. Wyndham, Esqre.
‘* Heytesbury,
July 18th, 1801.
S510,
‘*‘ A few days ago Farmer Fricker, of Imber, made an offer to assist
me with two or three men to open Bolesbarrow. I therefore accepted
his offer and as it proves an interesting barrow, and also another proof
in support of your hypothesis that these very large oblong Barrows are
Battle Barrows, I trouble you with the following detail.
“ Bolesbarrow situated on the highest ground on Heytesbury Downs
about midway between the above place and the Village of Imber, is a
large oblong Barrow 150 feet long in the base, by 94 feet wide, elevation
104 feet though it appears much higher. When upon this barrow it
appears like an Egg cut in two lengthways, the convex side upwards.?
This Barrow was probaby erected to meet the four cardinal points, it
now varies but a few points (allowing for the variations of the needle).
We began by making a section of considerable width and length across
the Barrow near the East end. After digging to the depth of 2 feet
9 inches we found a Human Skeleton lying 8S.W. to N.E., but we found
no Urn or Arms or anything with it except a Brass Buckle and two
thin bits of brass. This Skeleton must have been the remains of a
stout man as the bones were large, the Thigh Bones measured in the
extreme length 20 inches, extreme width from shoulder to shoulder
19 inches, the Bones were very sound and the teeth very perfect.
1'The Society is indebted to Mr. Cunnington for the kind gift of the
plates illustrating this paper.—ED1ITor.
? The large end to the east.
432 The “ Blue Stone” from Boles borrow.
Towards the centre of the Barrow at about 18 inches deep we found
two more Skeletons, these were interred with their heads to the south,
one of them lying on his side. On examining the interior parts of the
Barrow we found it composed entirely of white Marl Stone till we came
to the depth of four feet and a half, where was found a ridge of large
stones! and flints which extended wider as we worked down.
“At the depth of 104 feet, the base of the Barrow, we found a floor
of Flints regularly laid. On these were the remains of a great many
Human bodies, but placed in no regular order. As upon a Skull we
found the Back bones and ribbs of another Skeleton, and upon the
neck of another two Thigh bones.
“Tt therefore appeared they were thrown together without order,
and this great pile of Stones and Flints raised lengthways along the
centre of the Barrow over them (I suppose it might extend two-thirds
of the length of the Barrow). Afterwards this pile (in form like the
ridge of a house) was covered with Marl excavated from the North and
South sides of the Barrow the two ends being level with the Plain.
Although we had four men at work for three days, yet we could not
explore more of the base of the Barrow than a space of about six by
ten feet (a very small part in proportion to the whole). Yet in this
space we found Thirteen Skulls.
‘“A great many of the bones were very sound and the enamel of the
teeth remarkably white. We found a piece of a Skull that appeared
to have been cut off by aSword. It is rather remarkable that we found
no arms, urn, or.any memorial that may throw light on the Antiquity
of the Barrow. In most that I have opened there has been found
broken pottery, Charred Wood, and oftentimes Ashes: but here we only
found one small piece of Bone that had been burnt, but no other sign
of Fire. The Stones that composed so large a part of this ridge over
the Bodies are of the same species of Stone as the very large Stones at
Stonehenge,” what the Country people call Sarsens, by which they
understand a Stone that is not quarried. They are often found just
under the turf in the vallies in our Downs. ‘They have the appearance
of very old Landmarks. I have brought away Ten to my house, one
of them which appears to have been broken from the end of a larger
Stone has some rude characters upon it, but whether formed by art or
the sportings of nature I cannot say, the lines look something like the
lines in the palm of the hand.
‘Tt appears rather strange that the dead bodies (if of the Victorious
Party) should have been interred with so little ceremony as in this
Barrow, and if they were the Dead Bodies of an Enemy they should
take the pains to pave the bottom of the Barrow and collect such large
1 The stones were from about 28lbs. to 200 lbs. weight [in Wm. Cunnington’s
handwriting |.
2 Since writing the above I discover among them the Blue hard Stone
also, ye same to some of the upright Stones in ye inner Circle at Stonehenge
[in Wm. Cunnington’s handwriting].
bth. hee. Oaienamnemmaeiieibak a PASSE
By B. Howard Cunnington. 433
Flints and Stones as composed the centre for this must have been a
work of considerable labour.
‘Since I wrote this letter I have opened the above Barrow at the
East of the Skeletons, as also at the West of them,iby which IJ find the
Skeletons lay from the East End and much nearer to the centre of the
Barrow. At the East End we found the heads and Horns of seven or
more Oxen, also a large Cist close to the Skeletons, but owing to the
great height of the Barrow the large Stones came rolling down so fast
upon us that we were obliged to desist from exploring it further.” !
In another letter addressed to John Britton and dated Heytesbury, Nov.
8th, 1802, he says :—
“T think I showed you a great variety of the stones found in a large
oblong Barrow near this place that are of the same kind with several
of those at Stonehenge.” ?
A third letter, bound up with the others, of which the following is an
extract, is in the handwriting of Eliza Cunnington, a granddaughter of
William Cunnington of Heytesbury. It was written in 1864 and describes
the garden of the house at Heytesbury :—
“In front of the house at Heytesbury was a lawn with a very fine
pear tree. At the end of the lawn was a large summer house. The
walls were constructed of limbs of trees and covered outside with
heather and inside with moss. Smaller houses were constructed on
either side. On the floor of the largest (2.e., the first-mentioned) was
a plan of Avebury formed of large pebbles to represent the stones and
the main circle, the two avenues branched off right and left, to the
two smaller houses. In the centre of one of these was a circle of
pebbles to represent the head of a serpent according to Stukeley, ce.
A group of ancient elm trees almost surrounded the structure. A circle
of blocks of stone from Boles barrow, near Imber, was placed round a
weeping ash at the end of the lawn a few yards from the summer house.
By the side of the gravel walk surrounding the lawn was a large block
of granite from Dartmoor which formed a convenient seat. It was not,
! as has been supposed, a stone brought from Stonehenge, but was pre-
sented to Mr. Cunnington by Sir Richard Colt Hoare.”
_ A note in pencil, by William Cunnington, F.G.S. (grandson), follows,
| viz. :—
“Canon Jackson was informed that this stone had been brought
from Stonehenge! Anyone who examined it would have found that it
never belonged to Stonehenge.”
After reading these letters I made every enquiry at Heytesbury with the
_ 1 Extracts from this letter appear in A. W., p. 87, but no reference to the
_ Blue Stone or removal of the stones to Heytesbury. (B. H.C.)
2 Boles Barrow is about 24 miles N. of Heytesbury and about 14 miles
due west of Stonehenge. It is Heytesbury I. in list of Long Barrows of
Wiltshire, W.A.M., xxxviii., p. 392, which see for the subsequent history of
the Barrow. (B. H.C.)
434 The “ Blue Stone” from Boles Barrow.
view of identifying the house and garden, but with no result. Even the
oldest inhabitant did not know where William Cunnington had lived. A
short time afterwards (1921) the last of his granddaughters died, and amongst
her effects was a water colour sketch of an old house (see Plate I.), and on the
back of it was written ‘‘ The house where Grandpapa lived at Heytesbury.”’
With the aid of this picture I was able to find the house and garden. It is
now known as No. 108, Heytesbury, and is almost opposite to the entrance
gate leading to Heytesbury House. It is now (1923) in the occupation of
Mr. Bennett. The house to-day is just as it was in 1806 when Philip Crocker
made the sketch and sent it to Wm. Cunnington with the following letter,
which is bound up with the rest :—
‘** Dear Sir,
‘“‘T send you the drawing of what may truly be called your seat of
domestic comfort and happiness, and where [ still wish you many
many years continuance. ‘The young ladies must forgive me in intro-
ducing them in the subject for considering them as favourite with their
good Grandmother I could not relinquish the wish of placing them in
the foreground.
‘“‘ Yours sincerely,
‘PHIL. CROCKER.”
It was Philip Crocker who made most of the sketches of the antiquities
figured in Ancient Wilts.
The garden has been altered somewhat and the moss-house (or summer-
house) removed, as well as several of the trees. A careful search on two
occasions resulted in the discovery of three sarsen stones, and of the block
of granite referred to in Eliza Cunnington’s description of the garden, but
no ‘‘ Blue Stone.”
Early this year (1923) I happened to mention the matter of the ‘‘ Blue
Stone” to Lord Heytesbury and he kindly promised to make enquiries
amongst his relatives to find out if they knew anything about it. I was
agreeably surprised not long afterwards to receive a letter from Lord
Heytesbury saying that he thought he had found the Blue Stone, and if I
could meet him he would show it tome. A visit to Heytesbury House
resulted in the discovery of the Blue Stone standing upright under a large
beech tree on the lawn immediately facing what is now the entrance to the
house. (See Plate IT.)
This stone stands 2ft. 6in. high, is 2ft. 8in. wide at the point of the broken
corner, 2ft. 2in. wide at the top, and 1ft. 4in. thick. It is covered with
lichen on the west (left) side. The back, front, and top are smooth. A
large piece has apparently been broken off from both sides towards the
bottom, otherwise the sides are smooth also. The base has one corner
somewhat rounded off. (See Plate III.) Itis quite possible that this stone
is a part of a larger one and had been either intentionally or accidentally |
broken off, but it certainly has been dressed on its faces, and is not a rough
block as quarried.
Shortly after our visit Lord Heytesbury kindly sent me the following |
account of the stone that he had received from his’ aunt, the Hon. Mrs,
Hamersley, now living at Salisbury, but formerly at Heytesbury House :—
= er aes
————
\
Plate 2.
The Blue Stone in Heytesbury House Garden
East side.
Plate 8.
Front Elevation
Scale
Sketch of the Blue Stone in Heytesbury House Garden.
by B. Howard Cunnington. 439
“The stone was removed from the late Mr. Wm. Cunnington’s garden
at Heytesbury to its present site at Heytesbury House before 1860. It
was called the ‘Stonehenge Stone’ and was placed under the beech
tree where it now is.”
The fact that it was called the “ Stonehenge Stone” doubtless arose from
its similarity to the Blue Stones as stated in the letter to Mr. Wyndham.
At the time of my visit a small piece on the left side had been flaked and
cracked by the frost and readily came away by the insertion of the blade of
a knife. This piece was sent to Dr. H. H. Thomas, of the Geological Survey,
for identification, without any hint as to its origin, but merely stating that
it was a piece of a block found in Wiltshire many miles from Stonehenge.
Dr. Thomas kindly examined it and reported :—
“There is no doubt at all that the specimen you sent me is of the
spotted Prescelly type and identical with the spotted Blue stones of
Stonehenge. Is it possible it is one of the missing stones of Stonehenge,
or do you think it is one that was kept ‘en route’ ?”
In view of this evidence there can be little doubt that the stone now
standing in the grounds of Heytesbury House is the one found by William |
Cunnington in Boles Barrow.
Since the results of Dr. Thomas’s researches have been made known (see
report to the Society of Antiquariesin The Antiquaries’ Journal, July, 1923),
it is practically certain that the “foreign” stones of Stonehenge were
brought from a distance, and, in all probability,from the Prescelly mountains
in Pembrokeshire.
The discovery, therefore, of a Blue Stone in a long barrow has a different
and more special significance than it had when my first note on the subject
was written in 1920. It must be assumed that the bringing of the stones
to Wiltshire was only undertaken on account of some very special value
attached to them at the time, and that it is in the highest degree im-
probable that the undertaking was repeated at different periods, and their
acquisition can only be regarded as one event.
The conclusion, therefore, is inevitable that the event of the arrival of
Blue Stones in Wiltshire preceded the building of Boles Barrow. If, as is
not seriously debated, Boles Barrow, in common with the other long barrows
of the district, is of Neolithic age, it shows that the original construction of
Stonehenge, from which the arrival of the Blue Stones cannot be separated,
also falls within that period. But the original plan of Stonehenge need not,
indeed probably did not, include the complicated structure with which we
are familiar.
The question has been raised as to whether the stone found in Boles
Barrow ever actually formed a part of Stonehenge, or was specially chosen
for its funereal purpose and commandeered by the way. ‘his is a question
that is not likely ever to be answered with any certainty, and in any case it
does not materially affect the real value of the discovery as to the date of
the arrival of the Blue Stones.
It is proposed that the Blue Stone at Heytesbury House shall remain
where it is and be scheduled under H.M. Office of Works (Ancient
Monuments).
436 The “ Blue Stone” from Boles Barrow.
I should like to take this opportunity of thanking Col. Lord Heytesbury
for the valuable assistance he has given in finding the stone and the keen
interest he has taken in the matter.
Norse spy Tue Rey. G. H. ENGLEnEART, F.S.A.
Perhaps the first thought arising from Mr. Cunnington’s paper is of the
recompense to him and the gain to archeology from his careful preservation
and investigation of the documents described. O sz sic omnes! ‘That care,
aided by good fortune, has forged an unbroken chain of evidence to verify
the finding of this stone within a Neolithic barrow, and, by an inference
from which there seems no escape, to assign to Neolithic times at least the ©
“foreign” or igneous stone rings of Stonehenge. This is, of course, a —
corroboration rather than a discovery. It has long been the settled con- J
viction of the best Continental inquirers that the European megalithic |
monuments as a whole are of a pre-metallic or of the very earliest metallic
period (c.f. for instance, Déchelette, Manuel d’ Archéologiec, Vol. I., pp. 374
et seg.). The evidence yielded so far by the recent excavations at Stone- |
henge has all gone to support this conclusion. Indeed no metal whatever |
has been found that can be proved contemporaneous with even the larger |
and perhaps later erection of the sarsens. The small and solitary stain of jj
bronze found in 1901 may easily be accounted for by a burrowing animal |§
smearing against a stone a decayed coin carried down from the surface.
The Neolithic period was, no doubt, of immense duration, with room within
itself for constructions and reconstructions widely separated in time. ry
Furthermore, the story of this stone as told by Mr. Cunnington, may |)
serve to strengthen in an unsought and remarkable way the surmise of Dr.
H. H. Thomas (Antiqguaries Journal, July, 1923,) as to the conveyance of J,
the foreign stones. His arguments for overland carriage (pp. 254, 255) seem /#
overwhelming, and Boles Barrow is in the direct line of the shortest and
most obvious route from the home of the stones in Pembrokeshire to
Stonehenge. We may then imagine—we are here in the region of guesses— |
but legitimate guesses—that a stone was accidentally broken in transit some- |
where near Boles Barrow, and that the piece or pieces were gathered up, to- |
gether with sarsen boulders, and used for their central cairn by the raisers of |
of the barrow. It has been argued from the stone being smooth in part that it |7
may be a dressed stone brought back from Stonehenge. Wecan conceive that |
a stone reckoned sacred might be brought from a distance if to serve some |
monumental purpose. But a heavy object would hardly be carried many |
miles only to be cast into a rough heap with other common and abundant |
stones. And it must be taken into account that the foreign stones were
not quarried but were picked up as boulders, more or less worn and smoothed
by the action of ice and exposure through ages to the weather. Fragments |
of the exterior or “skin” of the foreign stones thus smoothed occur in the | ~
surface soil of Stonehenge,and one at least shows unmistakable ice-striation. |
The stone (which seems to have disappeared) of Wm. Cunnington’s first|
letter “ with some rude characters upon it . . . ” is possibly comparable |
with the apparently carved sarsen on Chute Causeway, described and illus-}”
trated in Dr. Williams-Freeman’s “ Yield Archeology, &c.,” and both stones| ~
|
|
By B, Howard Cunnington. 437
bring to mind the Carnac carvings. This, and the chance of finding other
foreign stones, or the rest of the broken one, make a thorough exploration
of Boles Barrow very desirable.
Note.—The following letter, now in the possession of Mr. R. 8. Newall,
of Fisherton de la Mere, throws some additional light on this stone. It is
a letter from Mr. Wyndham, written in 1802 to Sir R. Colt Hoare on the
subject of Boles Barrow, and after describing the appearance of the barrow
and the skeletons on much the same lines as in Wm. Cunnington’s letter
above, he goes on to say:—‘‘ The stones that composed so large a part of
the ridge over the bodies, which are from 28lbs. to 200lbs. in weight, are
similar in substance to many at Stonehenge and are often found peeping
out from the turf or just under it, in the vallies of our downs like those near
Abury, from whence the immense stones of that Temple and of Stonehenge
were probably selected, and it is remarkable that the amazing quantity of
large stones in the vicinity of Avebury are constantly found in such vallies
where a succession of springs occasionally breaking had gradually carried
off the mould and exposed the stones to sight.”
“One of the large stones in this barrow and now in the possession of Mr.
_Cunnington, appeared to have been a part only of a larger stone and visibly
broken from it; which, when entire, had a hollow smooth basin formed in
it with some sinaig ond deep lines engraved on the outside of the stone.
The fragment itself plainly denotes it, tho’ people may differ in opinion
whether the above circumstances were natural or artificial, but for my own
‘part I have no doubt of the latter.”
_ From this it appears probable that Mr. Wyndham either had other letters
from Mr. Cunnington on the subject or had had conversations with him
‘concerning the stones, as the above letter contains information that does
‘not appear in the “Cunnington to Wyndham ” letter of July, 1801. It is
‘clear from the context of this letter that the stone referred to is one of the
‘sarsens, and in no way concerns the Blue Stone now at Heytesbury House.
| (B. H. C.)
|
438
NOTES ON A PALIMPSEST BRASS FROM STEEPLE
ASHTON CHURCH.
By Canon E. P. KNUuBLEY.
The Palimpsest, which is the subject of these notes, is at the back of a |
copper plate measuring 84in. X 64Zin. On‘the face is a Memorial which |7
bears the following inscription :—
On a scroll ‘Memento Mori,” with figure of skull and cross-bones in centre |
‘To the Memory of / Deborah Marks / who Departed this Life / the 8th |
day of March, 1730. / Aged, 99.”
fi
SN /f
th
a
~~~
Ss
SS
Who ate all eefolved to mantam one arghts :
A gain, the French Pope Dioill and all ther mights
T hrrdfore good fub ect all nith one accord
Honour ington magmfyo e Lord
Wh hath preferdd our grat ( Qucen to be
means to fel us {ree
ok u
ee i
A Palimpsest Brass from Steeple Ashton Church.
Notes on a Palimpsest Brass from Steeple Ashton Church. 489
The reverse is only a portion of the original engraving, whose size would
seem to have been llin. X 84in. What remains of the heading runs :—
“AND THE DIVIL OVER-BALLENCED BY THE BrBuLE.” In the right foreground
is a group of four persons, namely, a Queen in royal robes, crowned, with
naked sword uplifted ; to the extreme right, a male figure, wearing a four-
pointed crown and ermine robes, and between them two mitred Bishops,
the mitre of one being more elaborate than that of the other. In the right
_ background is a primitively drawn building labelled “The Church of Eng...”
In what was the centre of the original design is a pair of scales. The scale
_which remains is weighted to ground-level by ‘‘ The Holy Bible.” Under
the cross-beam at different elevations are three legends. What remains of
them read :—
ge hell and fetch more weight
i > =). -shallall be ruin’d quite.”
“Tf we do not hall
Our Church will fall.”
| And the third, attached to the figure of a monk, whose back is turned to
the Bible :—
“burn y°® heretick book.”
- Between the first and second of the legends is a triple cross. Under the
picture is the second half of what has been a double column of verses, devoid
of all punctuation :—
}
“Who are all resolved to maintain our rights
| Against the French Pope Divill and all their mights
| Therefore good subjects all with one accord
Honour and praise and magnifye the Lord
Who hath preserved our grat .... Queen to be
From Popery a means to set us free ”
These lines were followed by the imprint,
‘Sold by S Farley in Wine street Bristoll ”
_ All the features that remain of the original design have been mentioned
and we are now in the position to make a shrewd guess as to the occupants
\of the absent up-tilted scale. It no doubt contained a Frenchman, a Pope,
and the Devil, and from the mouths of two of these worthies proceeded
respectively the first and second of the legends. As the first is imperfect,
we venture to suggest a possible reconstruction :—
| (“Go imps and fora] ge hell and fetch more weight
[Or we] shall all be ruin’d quite”
We feel justified in alluding to the Frenchman for three reasons. The
Pope of the period, as we shall presently show, was an Italian ; France was
the enemy of England at that time; moreover, the subject of the first
portion of the head-line seems to require more material than could well be
|
|
\
440 Notes on a Palimpsest Brass from Steeple Ashton Church.
supplied by reference to the Pope alone. In the left foreground of the
missing portion of the plate there would be another group, possibly of
recalcitrant Roman Catholics, as a pendant to that on the right, and below |
it would be found the first portion of the lines of verse. ;
Now let us turn our attention to the imprint of the engraver and publisher,
‘‘S Farley in Wine street Bristoll,” for here we have the clue to the date of |
the plate. Samuel Farley was a remarkable man, of whose history Mrs. |
Herbert Richardson has given many interesting details in the pages of this
Magazine.! We will only mention one or two salient features which have
to do with our enquiry. He was established as a printer at Exeter before _
the close of the seventeenth century and there he remained till 1713. In |
February of that year we find him at Bristol publishing a newspaper “at _
my house below the Dolphin in Wine Street” or “at my house near Newgate
in Wine Street.” Butin 1715 he left Bristol for Salisbury, where he printed
and published the first Wiltshire newspaper, “ The Salisbury Postman.
This evidence proves that the plate must have been engraved some time
between February, 1713, and September, 1715. Now the occupant of the |
throne of England at the earlier of these dates was Queen Anne, who died |
ist August, 1714. This fact reduces the date of the issue of the broadsheet |
to within a period of eighteen months, namely, between February, 1713, |
and Ist August, 1714. But the war with France came to an end with the
Peace of Utrecht, which was signed 11th April, 1713. When this piece of
evidence is taken into account, it will be seen that this work must have |
been engraved in the spring of 1713.
Having settled the date of production, let us return to the picture. Here
we have Queen Anne, rightly pourtrayed as stout. Accompanying heris her |—
consort, Prince George. The Archbishop is Thomas Tenison, of Canterbury,
and the other ecclesiastic is probably Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury. |
The Pope of this period was Clement XI. (Giovanni Francesco Albani.)
There is evidence that the prints from the fragment were taken off after
the plate had been used as a memorial, for six holes have been punched |
out of the plate to receive screws, and two of these account for the mutila- |
tion of the phrases “ The Church of England” and ‘our gratious Queen.” |
But further, a Mr. Irvine made the definite statement that copies were
taken in 1865.? In that year he called attention to this same palimpsest at
a meeting of the British Archzological Association. Having fully described |
the contents of the plate, he said he was led to infer the figures represented |
to be those of William and Mary (1689—1694). One copy of the palimpsest
has been in Steeple Ashton Vicarage since the year named by Mr. Irvine. |
It bears a pencil note in the handwriting of the Rev. Richard Crawley,
a former Vicar, who died in December, 1869. :
It only remains to give an account of the cause which led to the discovery |
of this palimpsest. In 1865 the gallery at the west end of the Church was |
taken down and a barrel-organ which stood there was removed to the Lady |
1 Wilts Arch. Mag., No. cxxx., Vol. xl., pp. 320, et seq.
2 Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc. xxi., pp. 162, 163 (1865). Also quoted in “A -
List of Palimpsest Brasses,” compiled by Mill Stephenson, pp. 188, 189.
Sunninnieieieneseee
» |
By Canon £. P. Knubley, 441.
Chapel. But, before it was placed in position, the brass to the memory of
Deborah Marks was lifted from the floor, and it was then that the subject
of this article was found on the under surface of the plate. Mr. Crawley
never had it replaced, nor has any subsequent Vicar had the heart to bury
this most interesting palimpsest out of sight. Is their conduct worthy of
praise or blame ?
Steps are, however, now being taken to hang the brass by means of a
hinge rivetted to the plate in such a way that both sides can be exposed to
view. When ready, it will be placed on the north wall of the Lady Chapel
near its original position.
442
NOTES ON WILTSHIRE CHURCHES.
By Str STEPHEN GLYNNE, Bart.
(Concluded from p. 306.) !
Aldbourne. [26th April, 1858.] A fine large Church, much in need of
improvement as regards the internal fittings. It consists of nave with N.
and S. aisles and Clerestory, N. and S. Transeptal Chapels, Chancel with
N. and S. chapels, Western Tower and South porch. ‘The original work is
Early English, but a large portion has been rebuilt in Perpendicular style,
of which character is nearly the whole exterior. The north side is of —
plain flint, partially stuccoed,—the South chancel aisle is of mixed flintand ~
stone, as also the 8. Transept & the porch, the Tower is chiefly of the finest
stone masonry, & is remarkably lofty & grand.
The nave has dissimilar arcades,—that on the S. is semi-Norman, of
four arches which are !pointed with the chevron and billet ornaments,
& hoods with hatched and bell ornaments. The northern arches are much
plainer,—all the columns circular, with plain moulded capitals, except one
indented. The 4th arch communicates with the Transeptal chapels,—the
Southern of which has appended an aisle on the West side, ranging with
the porth, & opening both to the Transept and aisle by a continuous paneled
-arch. The aisles are narrow, and there are semi-arches between each aisle
& the Transept. The nave is lofty, but has a low pitched roof. The
Clerestory is embattled, & has Perpendicular windows of three lights. In —
the aisles the windows are square headed and Perpendicular,—some of four ~
lights. ‘The walls are coarsely whitewashed within, & the whole area is
encumbered with the most frightful irregular pews, &c. At the W. end is |
a gallery with an Organ erected in 1827. In the Transepts are good three- |
light Perpendicular windows. In theS. Transept isa mis-shapen (benitier ?).
1 For the notes on the six Wiltshire Churches, here printed out of their |
proper order, I am indebted to the kindness of Canon J. M. J. Fletcher, |
who, whilst editing the Dorset portion of the notes for the Transactions of |
the Dorset Field Club, from the original note books lent to him from St. |
Deiniol’s Library for that purpose, discovered that these six Wiltshire |
Churches had by accident been missed by the transcriber in 1909, and |
most kindly copied them himself and sent me the transcripts. He allows |}
me also to give the following facts as to Sir Stephen Glynne, from his |
Introduction to the Notes on Dorset Churches. Sir Stephen Glynne, of |
Hawarden Castle, Flint, ninth and last baronet, was born 1807, educated at |
Eton and Ch. Ch., Oxford, succeeded to the title in 1815, was M.P. for Flint
Boroughs 1832—1837, and for the County of Flint 18371847. He died 1874. |
Between 1825 and 1874 he visited and made notes on 5530 English Churches,
his notes being preserved at St. Deiniol’s Library, at Hawarden. Upon his |
death the Hawarden estate passed to the Gladstone family, William Ewart
Gladstone having married his elder sister Catherine.—Ep. H. GoppaRp.
Notes on Wiltshire Churches. 443
The arches to the Chancel and Transepts are tall and good Perpendicular
on shafts with octagonal caps, resting, on the EK. side, on angel brackets
bearing shields. Plain pointed arches open from the ‘T'ransepts to the
Chancel chapels. ‘The windows in the Chancel Chapels are good Perpen-
dicular. he Chancel has one lancet window on theS. side of the Sacrarium ;
but no other indications of early work,—the windows all Perpendicular. It
has plain pointed arches opening to the N.and S. chapels ; in the jamb of
the Northern arch is an opening for an hagioscope. On the N. side of the
Sacrarium is a Perpendicular paneled altar-tomb, with incised figure &
inscription of the 15th century. ‘There is also an oblong recess on the S. of
thealtar. The Font isa poor one, of doubtful character. In the S. Transept
is a monument, A.D. 1597, to Thomas Goddard & his wife, three sons & one
daughter, the figures kneeling.
The doorway within the S. porch is Norman, having the cylindrical mould-
ing, pellet & chevron ornament. The porch has an upper story & battlement
of flint & stone ; the outer door Perpendicular & labeled. The porch, chapel,
& Transept all range in a line & have flint and stone in the battlement.
The Tower is remarkably fine, of beautiful stone masonry, wholly Per-
pendicular, three stages in height, with corner buttresses of large projection;
on which are canopied niches. ‘The parapet has a paneled battlement, but the
pinnacles are incomplete,—the upper part of the buttresses is finely paneled,
On the W. side is a four-light window, mutilated and set between niches
with crocketed canopies. ‘The belfry windows on each side are of three
lights,with rich pierced stone work, the stage below having a similar window
of smaller size. The W. doorway is labeled & has paneled spandrils. At
the N.E. of the tower is a large turret with paneled parapet.
Broad Hinton. St. Peter. [29th April, 1850.] ‘the Church has a
nave & Chancel, without aisles, a. W. Tower & 8. porch. The Chancel is
much narrower than the nave. ‘The door within the porch is First Pointed,
having a head with corbels of foliage & an impost moulding. ‘There are
several other First Pointed features: on the S. of the nave two single and
one double lancet, the hoods externally having corbels of foliage. On the
N. are the same. The Chancel arch also First Pointed on shafts with square
abaci. The Chancel has at the East end a debased window; on the N.
three First Pointed lancets; the Eastern double. On the N. is one of
lynchnoscopic kind ; at the 8. W. a small obtuse lancet ; on the S. a Priest’s
door which has an obtuse moulded arch of the same character. Against
the N. Wall of the Chancel are some large mouments. In the nave isa
trefoil-headed piscina at the S.E. corner near the reading desk, which faces
N. The pulpit on the N. a low one of oak, also new. ‘The roofs are plain.
The Font has a plain octagonal bowl on a cylindrical stem. Near the S.
door is a small arched recess, slightly trefoiled, & which appears to have
opened to the outside. The Tower resembles that of Winterbourne Basset
& opens to the nave by a plain continuous open arch. It is of late Third
Pointed character of three stages & embattled, having an octagonal turret
on the 8., also embattled corner buttresses ; belfry window of two lights
with some stone lattice-work ; a W. window of three lights & door below it.
Chilton Foliott. [1858.] The Church consists of a nave with S. aisle
& Chancel, S. Porch & Western Tower. ‘lhe whole is in excellent order, &
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXL, 2h Te
444 Notes on Wiltshire Churches.
seems to have undergone recent restoration. Much of the walls are of
flint; the South aisle has a stone battlement. The N. side has not been
restored, but is embattled & covered with stucco.
The Tower is Early English of early date, but corner buttresses have been
added. It consists of three stages, the lowest has had a two-light Per-
pendicular window inserted ; in the next stage is a single lancet; in the
belfry story a double lancet, with hood of segmental form having billeted
moulding, & somewhat semi-Norman in character. There is a late battle-
ment & four crocketted pinnacles ; below the parapet the early corbel table.
The windows of the S. aisle are Perpendicular of two lights. On the N. are
some of doubtful Decorated character, of three lights. ‘The arcade is Early
inglish of five plain pointed arches, springing from circular columns. The
Chancel arch also pointed. The Chancelis embattled, has N. & S. windows,
Decorated, of 2 lights; the E. window Perpendicular, of three. There is
a good deal of new stained glass. ‘The seats are all open. The Churchyard
pretty and quiet, containing some nice headstones in shapes of crosses. |
Heytesbury. S.S. Peter & Paul. [Oct. 4th, 1848.] A large Church, |
once Collegiate & still retaining a shadow of its former establishment. The |
plan is cruciform, with central Tower, the nave having aisles; the Chancel |
long and spacious. On the S. side of the nave isa porch. ‘There are some |
good First Pointed portions & some of later date. The roof of the nave is |
in two divisions, one part higher pitched than the other. The walls are |
partly of flints, stuccoed ; but the Tower is of stone. It is rather low, but |
divided into two stages, of which the upper is smaller in dimensions, & |
connected with the lower part by a sloped flagging. The parapet has a
plain moulding & in the upper part has a Middle Pointed belfry window. |”
The lower part seems First Pointed & has a lancet window. The West |
window of the nave is Third Pointed of five lights having a transom ; below |”
it a labeled door. The West windows of the aisles are bad & modern. In
the N. aisle the windows are of three lights, deprived of tracery. The |”
Clerestory of the nave has Third Pointed windows, square-headed & of |
two lights. The S. porch ihas its outer doorway deeply moulded. The |
North Transept has a very flat end with the window closed; & that of the |
S. Transept is debased. The nave has on each side an arcade of four pointed |
arches, lofty and handsome, with large octagonal pillars. The aisles are |
very narrow; the roof modernised. There is a frightful gallery pew at the |
East end of the nave which is pued for the performance of divine service & |
cut off from the Chancel. The pulpit is near the W. end. °
The four arches under the Tower are fine First Pointed ones, springing |
from clustered shafts which have fine mouldings. In the E. wall of the |
S. transept is a First Pointed door. Inthe N. arch opening to the Transept |
is an odd (?) stone screen with fan groining. Another screen, of wood, and |
rather ordinary Third Pointed work, is across the entrance to the Choir. |
The Choir is good First Pointed & has had aisles or chapels now destroyed. |
The E. window a triple lancet, with fine shafts having bands, but only the |
centre light is now open. ‘The lateral windows are single lancets, & the | ~
arcades, seen built into the walls, are also First Pointed,—two arches on |
each side springing from a pier of shafts with corbel in the centre. In these |
arches debased windows have been inserted. On the S. of the Choir is a |
By Sir Stephen Glynne. 445
square recess set low with a round piscina. The stalls which remain tolerably
perfect are but mediocre.
The Font is a modern one in Third Pointed style & not bad. ‘There are
six bells. :
Homington. S. Mary. [Feb. 20th, 1872.] The Church has nave with
north and south aisles, chancel, & a small tower on the S. of the nave. The
roof of the nave is of high pitch & tiled, & the tower rises but little above
the roof. ‘he whole has been lately renovated & is in good condition. The
material chiefly flints with stone dressings & buttresses & partly chequered.
The arcades on the N. & S. by no means correspond. ‘he arcade of the
nave on the N. has four low pointed arches on short octagonal pillars. The
S. aisle appears to be new, & is divided from the nave by two higher pointed
arches on octagonal pillars, & another pointed arch opens to the tower. The
West window is Perpendicular of four lights ; beneath which is a doorway
in square frame with quatrefoiled spandrils. ‘The windows of the nave are
all Perpendicular, some square-headed of two lights, and new or renovated.
The Chancel arch is pointed, rising from the wall. -‘'he Chancel has an
Eastern triplet & single lancets N. & S.; those on the S. have trefoil heads.
On theS. is a piscina with octagonal bowl under a pointed arch. The font
is new ; the seats open & the Chancel laid with tiles. All is in good order.
‘The small tower has a battlement & is divided by one string. The belfry
windows oblong, of two square-headed lights. Chancel 22 long, 11.4 wide ;
Nave 39 long, 36 wide.
Ramsbury. [21st April, 1858.] A large Church, without much
_ elegance or interest, consisting of a nave with N. & S.aisles, chancel with
North Chapel, South Porch, & large low Tower at the West end. ‘The nave
and aisles are very wide. The arcades are each of four pointed arches, of
_ which the two western are sharper and taller than the others. The piers
are large and massive, composed of four quasi pilasters with imposts ; but
| one pier near the W. is octagonal. ‘The Clerestory has square-headed
_ Perpendicular windows of three lights. Most of the windows are Perpen-
dicular with depressed arches, but oneon the N. may be decorated. The
_ Chancel arch resembles the others of the arcades. The southern windows
are Decorated and segmental. ‘he Chancel is very long and extends be-
yond the S. Chapel. The East window of five lights set rather high in the
wall; the N. & S. windows are of three lights. On the N. side of the
' Chancel is a good Perpendicular tomb, with canopy of ogee form, and the
sides of the tomb panneled. The North Chapel is in a neglected dirty
state & is divided from the aisle of the nave by a pointed arch on half
octagonal columns. The East window of this Chapel is large, of six lights,
with transom, but closed & having a niche in its jamb. Between this
Ghapel and the chancel is a wall partition.
_ The external walls are stuccoed & there are no parapets except to the N.
Chapel which is embattled. The South porch is plain. The Tower is large &
low, embattled,& with a huge squareturret at the S.E. &large heavy buttresses.
_ The West window is of doubtful character and the doorway is continuous,
There isa West gallery and organ. The roof has pierced spandrils. Over the
East window in the gable is some sculpture, two shields, a head, and a cross.
| Diet
446
THE METHOD OF
ERECTING THE STONES OF STONEHENGE.
By E. HERBERT STONE, FS.A.
A consideration of the methods which might have been employed by the |
builders in setting out the work on the ground, raising the upright stones, |
and placing the lintels in position.!
I.—GENERAL NoTES.
Order of Erection.—For the erection of the present structure of Stone- |
henge it is probable that the work was carried out in the following order:— |
(1) The five great sarsen trilithons. f
(2) The outer circle of sarsen stones.
(3) The inner horseshoe of blue stones.
(4) The inner circle of blue stones. |
The present paper deals only with the methods which might have been |
employed for the erection of the outer circle of sarsen stones. The reader |
is asked to suppose that the great trilithons of the sarsen horseshoe had |
already been erected by similar means as far as applicable. ‘The erection |
of the comparatively small blue stones would not have been a matter of any |
difficulty.
The Illustrations.—T he photographs are taken from large working models,
‘by means of which the operations as here described connected with the
raising of the stones of Stonehenge have been rehearsed step by step in full i
detail. The models are correctly made te scale 1 inch to 1 foot (7.e., one- |
twelfth of full size). A small figure is introduced in the different views to |
give an idea of scale. This figure represents (to scale) a Neolithic man |
5ft. 6in. in height.
Weights.—The weights adopted for the purpose of this paper are calculated | i
from the average dimensions of the actual stones at Stonehenge, taking the |
weight of sarsens at 143 cubic feet to a ton. Based on these results the |~
average weights of the sarsen stones of the outer circle at Stonehenge have | i
been taken as: uprights, 26 tons each ; lintels, 62 tons each. |
Man-Power.—The man-power of a Neolithic man is taken as follows:— |
Effective strength for a short vertical lift, 224 pounds (1/10th ton); effective 4
weight on the end of a lever, 112 pounds (1/20th of a ton); effective pull |
‘in hauling a rope, 56 pounds (1/40th ton). |
1This paper contains the substance of an address to the Wiltshire |
Archeological Society, at the Marlborough Meeting, on July 31st, 1923,
being illustrated by the models of which photographs are here given. It |
-was printed in the Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 2nd, 1923, and also appeared |
translated into Danish in the Danish paper Nationaltidende (National
Intelligence), Dec. 16th, 1923.—[ Ep1Tor.] |
The Method of Erecting the Stones of Stonehenge. 447
Kopes. The pull on the ropes for each operation is calculated by the
ordinary methods of diagrams of forces, and is checked in each case by
actual experiment on the model with a spring balance having a scale
graduated in the proper ratio. In the photographs only one or two ropes
are shown for each operation. It will be understood, however, that several
ropes would generally have been used in practice ; the number of ropes
required to take any particular load would of course depend on the size of
rope employed. For the sort of rope that the Neolithic men might have
been able to make and use, it is estimated that a rope of 1 inch in diameter
might (as a working load) take the pull of a gang of about sixteen men
(say 8 cwt.), and a rope of 14 inch diameter might be suitable for a gang of
about 36 men (say 18 ewt.).
Labour and Superintendence.—The paper describes simple methods by
which the work of erecting the stones might have been accomplished,
without difficulty, by a primitive people under the immediate guidance and
Supervision of an expert who possessed the requisite qualifications as an
architect and engineer.
The engineer who designed Stonehenge, and devised the methods by
which the work of erection might be carried out, must have been a man of
extraordinary ability—the Archimedes of his time. He was perhaps the
man from whom the legend of Merlin had a remote origin ; but who he was,
and whence he came, we shall never know. He was probably a foreigner
—“a wise man from the Kast.” But under such highly efficient superin-
tendence there was nothing in the mere manual labour required for the
work which could not have been done by the most primitive people in
Neolithic (or even in Palzeolithic) times.
I].—PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS.
General Conditions.—For the erection of the sarsen stones of the outer
circle of Stonehenge the builders could have had no hesitation in deciding
that the work must be done from the outside. ‘The area within the circle
was to a great extent occupied by the five great trilithons already erected ;
and even if this had not been the case, the space was inconveniently con-
fined for the extensive operations now to be undertaken. Moreover, as stone
by stone the erection proceeded, the access to the interior of the circle would
become more and more restricted.!
For the purpose of the following description it is therefore assumed that
the stones, already roughly shaped at the quarries,? were on delivery deposited
in convenient positions outside the circle, each stone being placed opposite
the site it was intended to occupy when erected.
Here the stones were finally dressed and made ready for erection.
‘That the sarsen stones for the outer circle were, as a matter of fact,
erected from the outside is clear from the report by Colonel Hawley,
published in the Antiquaries Journal, January, 1921, page 22.
* Throughout this paper the term “ quarry ” is to be understood to mean
the parent boulder or boulders from which the sarsen stones for Stonehenge
were obtained.
448 The Method of Hrecting the Stones of Stonehenge.
Before the actual erection could be put in hand, we must, however, realise |
that a great deal of preliminary work had to be done in preparing the ground |
—marking out the sites for the stones—making experiments—rehearsing |
the various operations—and as far as practicable, foreseeing and providing |
for difficulties which would certainly occur in dealing with sucha stupendous |
and novel an undertaking. '
Setting out the Sites. The first operation was to prepare the ground by |
laying out a circular strip, about 12 or 15 feet in width, which would con- |~
tain the sites for the erection of the uprights. This circular strip of ground |
was levelled as carefully as practicable and rammed hard and smooth. |
The upright sarsen stones, as obtained from the quarry, generally had one |
face fairly smooth and flat, but the other sides were more or less rough and |_
irregular. ‘The stones, moreover, differed in thickness. It was therefore |
decided to erect the stones with their best flat sides facing inward (towards |
the centre), and to arrange that these inner faces of the stones should stand |”
(as tangents) against the setting out circle. |
The centre of the circle had already been fixed by a round stake driven |~
into the ground. A cord was provided having a loop at one end for the |_
centre stake, and at the other end a sharp-pointed peg by means of which |”
(with the cord as radius) a circle could be scribed or scratched over the strip |
of ground already prepared for marking out the foundations. This setting |
out circle was of course marked while the ground was clear, before the |”
trilithons were erected. ‘The circle so described had a radius of 483 feet, |
and thus indicated the positions of the inner faces of the stones. The axis, |_
or main centre line, had already been determined. I
The circle was then divided into 30 equal parts, and the space allotted |~
to each stone was carefully marked out. ‘The average width allowed for |
each stone was about 7 feet, but the stones varied in width. It wastherefore |
decided to erect each stone with its centre in the mzddle of the space provided |
for it, so that any difference would be confined to the space on each side of |
that individual stone, and would not affect the final closing of the circle.
Kuperiments and Kehearsals.—Meantime we may suppose that gangs of li
selected workmen were employed in rehearsing as far as practicable the |~
various operations incidental to the erection, and several methods were no |
doubt tried and abandoned. |
The strength of ropes of sizes suitable for different operations had to be |”
ascertained. [or this purpose one end of the rope under experiment might |
be tied to a tree, and the number of men pulling at the free end increased |
until the rope broke. ‘Thus the man-power to be used on the work with |
each size or sort of rope would be determined, after allowing a margin for |
safety. |
These rehearsals would be continued until each gang was thoroughly
efficient in its special department of the work, and it was felt that all con- |
tingencies had as far as possible been ascertained and provided for.
The undertaking was a bold departure from anything hitherto attempted; |
and the erection, with the appliances possible in those days, presented a
series of problems of extraordinary difficulty, involving an amount 0
By E. Herbert Stone, P.S.A. 449
forethought and mechanical ability of a very high order. The engineer
must have had an extremely anxious time until the first pair of upright
stones had been erected and the lintel safely placed thereon.
II].—Erecrinc THE UPRIGHT STONES.
The process of erecting the upright stones is illustrated by Figs. 1 to 4.
Determination of Levels —The stones varied in length, but it had to be
arranged that the tops of the stones (forming the seatings for the lintels)
should, after erection, be as nearly as possible at a uniform level throughout.
The foundations had therefore to be varied in depth according to the lengths
of the stones. ‘The average height from present ground level to top of
upright stone is 13ft. 6in.
The uniform height (measured from the top) was marked on each stone
after it had been dressed. ‘The length of stone extending below this mark
gave the depth required for the foundation pit below the ground level
datum. The foundation pit was then dug in the chalk rock to the depth
thus determined.
Foundation Pits.—The bottom of the foundation pit was carefully ex-
cavated as nearly as possible to the shape to correspond with the form of
the bottom of the stone, and thus secure a stable foundation.
The inner side of the pit, (2.e, the side towards the centre) was dug down
with a vertical face tangent to the setting out circle already marked out on
the ground. ‘The opposite (outer) side of the pit was formed to a slope or
ramp at an angle preferably about 1 to 1 (¢.e., 45 degrees), The width of
the pit was made somewhat greater than that of the stone to allow sufficient
clearance and space for packing.
Placing the Stone in position.—Extending outwards from the sloping side
of each foundation pit the ground was brought to the proper level, rammed
hard, and finished to an even flat surface to form a platform or floor to
receive the stone. ‘The stone, supported on rollers, with its best flat face
upwards, was then traversed on to this floor, end on towards the foundation
pit (see Fig. 1).
_ By rolling the stone backwards or forwards the point was ascertained at
which the stone would just balance on a roller near its centre (?.e., just
below the centre of gravity). ‘his balancing position for the roller was
marked on the stone. ‘The leading roller was then placed in a position
{ahead of this mark) such, that when the stone was rolled forward it would
just overbalance and tip itself into the foundation pit at the proper place
(see Fig. 2). A stake was driven into the ground on each side to stop the
roller at the right distance, and thus secure the most efficient tip.’
1This tip process may appear somewhat complex in description. By
actual experiment, however, with the large scale model constructed by the
author, the process is seen to be quite simple and automatic. The stone
practically takes care of itself, and when the forward roller reaches the stop
the stone tips itself into the pit.
450 The Method of Erecting the Stones of Stonehenge.
It is important that the stone should tp on to the hard bottom of the
foundation. If the stone were to s/zde down the ramp it would scrape
some earth before it, which would prevent the stone resting solid on the
hard chalk bottom, and would, moreover, improperly raise the level.
Should now any re-adjustment be required, or some modification of the
foundation be found advisable, the stone can be readily recovered. Ropes
would be attached to hold the stone back and keep it from slipping, and
with the weight of a few men at the top end as a counter-balance, the stone
(balanced on the forward roller) would be tipped backwards toa horizontal
position and rolled back out of the way.
Raising the Stone —A pair of shear legs is now placed in a position
suitable for raising the stone, and temporarily secured by guy ropes. The
feet are inserted in holes in the chalk rock to prevent slipping (see Vig. 3).
The total weight of the shear legs, with cross-bars complete, is about 215cwt.
When lying flat on the ground the force (vertical) required to raise the top
end is about 94cwt.
Before the stone is tipped a cross bar is lashed to its underside close to
the top end (see Fig. 2). From each end of this cross-bar a rope sling is
taken to a corresponding cross-bar near the top of the shear legs. ‘The
cross-bar of the shear-legs is placed at such height as will cause the slings to
get the most effective pull on the stone—z.e., the pull of the slings is at
right angles to the plane of the tipped-up stone (see Fig. 3).
To prevent it slipping, the cross-bar is not only securely lashed to the
shear-legs, but is also supported on each leg by the stump of a cut off branch.
The stone is now raised to a vertical position by ropes pulling from the
top of the shear legs (see Fig. 4). While the stone is being raised it is guided
and restrained by guy ropes. ‘The pull on the stone being taken from the |
ends of its cross-bar also tends to keep it from getting askew.
For a stone of average weight of about 26 tons, the pull on the ropes from
the top of the shear legs to raise the stone to its upright position is about
44 tons, requiring a force of about 180 men.
Proper closing secured.—It will be observed that with the method of
working as described above, the position of each stone, and the level of its |
top, are determined independently. Any error in the position or level of
any individual stone is therefore not carried on, and the proper closing of
the circle at the end of the operations is secured.
On this system, moreover, it is clear that the operations of founding and
erecting the stones can, if ekirad: be carried out at different parts of the
circle at the same time without any liability to error.
IV.—PuUTTING THE LINTELS IN PLACE.
The process of raising a lintel stone and putting it in place on the tops |
of the uprights is illustrated by the photographs (figs. 5 to 8).
The Mound and Ramp.—An earth bank is thrown up around the pair of
upright stones on which a lintel is to be placed. The top of the bank is
dressed off evenly and well rammed to form a level working floor or plat-
form a few inches below the tops of the upright stones. ‘To avoid danger |
; : — — =
ee RS a
\
\
By EH. Herbert Stone, #'S.A. 451
of tilting the stones, the earth bank must completely surround them, so
that the pressure against the stone may be the same on all sides.
The slopes of the earth bank may be as steep as the natural “angle of
repose,” say about 40 degrees, or 5 vertical to 6 horizontal. The outer
slope is formed to an even ramp, brought to a smooth surface, and rammed
hard, to make a track up which the lintel is to be hauled.
On the opposite side two vertical posts, made of the trunks of small
trees, are inserted while the bank is being made up. ‘The tops of these
posts are to form “bollards” for attaching the ends of the hauling ropes.
Forming the Mortises—The work of throwing up the earth bank and
finishing the floor and the ramp would occupy a good many weeks. Mean-
time the mortise hollows would be made in the lintel stone, from careful
measurement, to suit the pitch of the tenons already formed on the pair of
upright stones erected.
Conditions to be met.—The process of placing the lintel on the tops of
two adjacent uprights is complicated by the tenons and mortises by which
the lintel is secured to the uprights, and further by the toggle joint at each
end of the lintel, by which it is secured to its two neighbours.
Arrangement of 7'rmbers.—The longitudinal bearer timbers rest on the
levelled floor on the top of the bank. Across these bearers rest the two
roller timbers, for which the bearer timbers provide an even and efficient
track, and distribute the weight. An extra bearer timber is temporarily
laid under the front ends of the rollers to take the additional pressure due
to the delivery of the stone.
It will be seen that a lintel stone lying on the rollers can be readily
traversed endways, clear of the tenons, to engage the toggle joint of the
neighbouring lintel already in place. If now, when in this position, the
rollers are removed, the mates will fall on to its seat on the tops of the up-
right stones.
Sequence of operations.—YThe succession of operations for hauling the
lintel stone up the bank and placing it in its position on the tops of the
uprigbt stones is illustrated by Figs. 5 to 8.
_ fg. 5.—The mound complete, showing the levelled floor or platform at
top, and the ramp up which the lintel stone is to be hauled. ‘he lintel
stone which had already been placed in position in the course of the
previous series of operations is seen towards the left of the platform. ‘The
bearer timbers and rollers are in position on the platform.
fig. 6 —The bearer timbers and the rollers are packed tight with earth,
watered and rammed hard to prevent them from shifting when the lintel
Stone is delivered. This earth packing almost covers the rollers, leaving
only about an inch of their upper surfaces exposed.
Above this earth packing two timber bolsters are placed temporarily to
take the “rub” of the ropes. The bolster next the ramp is kept from
shifting by a stake at each end, driven in to the earth of the mound. ‘The
hinder bolster rests against the bollards.
452 The Method of Erecting the Stones of Stonehenge.
The lintel stone is shown in process of being “ parbuckled ” up the ramp.
The fixed end of each hauling rope is secured to one of the bollards. Hach
hauling rope takes a double turn round the stone to give a grip for rolling.
To facilitate rolling, a half tree trunk and other subsidiary packing is
lashed on to each broad face of the stone.
The free end of each rope, from the upper side of the rolling stone,
passes over the two timber bolsters at the top of the bank. ‘The ropes are
greased, and run over the bolsters with scarcely appreciable friction. ‘The
stone rolls freely up the ramp, and there is no tendency to drag or dig into
the earth surface. It is purely a rolling action. The rolling lintel stone
acts in effect as a sort of pulley.
It will be observed that only half the weight comes on the hauling end of
the ropes—the other half being continually supported by the fixed ends of
the ropes attached to the bollards.
The lintel stone weighs about 62 tons, the timber packing about 2 ton ;
giving a total weight of about 74 tons. ‘The pull on the hauling ropes to roll
this up the ramp is about 23 tons, requiring a force of about 100 men.
When the stone arrives near the top of the ramp the hauling ropes rise
free above the bolster, which is then removed, and the stone, continuing
its journey, is landed on the top of the rollers.
Fg. 7.—The lintel, delivered on the top of the bank, rests on the rollers.
It is shifted with levers, if necessary, to get it into its proper position.
The earth packing is now removed from the rollers, leaving them free to |
operate. ‘The lintel stone is then rolled endways to engage in the toggle |
joint of the neighbouring lintel already in place. ‘The mortise hollows on |
the underside of the lintel stone are now exactly over the corresponding
tenons on the tops of the upright stones.
fig. 8.—On each side of the lintel stone a double lever is placed in
position, using the bearer timber as a fulcrum. A slight downward pull on |
the tail of each lever takes the weight of the stone off the rollers, which are |
then withdrawn. The lintel stone is now entirely supported by the levers. |
The weight of four men at the end of each lever suffices to take the weight f
of the lintel stone.
The rollers having been withdrawn, the tail end of each lever is allowed |
to rise steadily, and the lintel is thus lowered on to its seat. ‘The opera- |
tion is then complete.
The levers and bearing timbers are now removed. ‘The part of the earth |
bank no longer required is dug away, and the material shifted to the next |
place, leaving the pair of uprights with lintel in place standing free.
Placing the last lintel.—mWhen the last lintel stone has to be put in |
position (to complete the circle), there will be a lintel already in place at |
each end of it. To meet this special case a suitable modification of the |—
arrangements described above can be made without difficulty.
By EH. Herbert Stone, F.S.A. 453
ERECTING THE UPRIGHT STONES,
Fig. 1.—One of the uprights delivered ready for erection.
Fig. 2.—The upright tipped into the foundation pit.
454 The Method of Erecting the Stones of Stonehenge.
ERECTING THE UPRIGHT STONES.
Fig. 4.—The upright raised to erect position.
455
”. Herbert Stone, F.S.A.
by
LACE
TING THE LINTELS IN P
Put
ion.
t
°
In posi
.—Bearer timbers and rollers
Fig. 6.—Hauling the lintel up the ramp.
456 The Method of Erecting the Stones of Stonehenge.
PUTTING THE LINTELS IN PLACE.
Plans of two groups of Pits on Fifield Bavant Down. Upper figure the ?
Kastern site, lower figure the Western site. i |
[Traced on the 25 inch Ordnance Map, Sheets lxx. 6 and Ixx. 5, with the }
sanction of the Controller of H.M. Stationery Office. ]
457
AN EARLY IRON AGE SITE ON FIFIELD BAVANT
DOWN.
By RR. ©. CC. Cuay, M.R.C.S, .R.C.P.
One evening in May, 1922, standing by the side of Barrow II. (Goddard’s
List) and looking across the coombe that divides Fifield Bavant Down into
an eastern and a western portion, I noticed the large number of lynchets
and balks! on the opposite slope. I walked over to this area, and in the
ploughed field that runs up to the down found many pot-boilers and a few
small fragments of black hand-made pottery. On the edge of the downland
I saw a few depressions in which the grass was greener than that around.
I opened these depressions, twenty-one in number, in the following August
and proved them to be pits. The remaining fifty-six on this, the eastern
portion of Fifield Bavant Down, showed no surface depressions and were
located by sounding with aheavy rammer. This method was so accurate that
the exact outlines of each hole could be determined and much unnecessary
digging avoided. Across the coombe, on the western half of this down, I
found thirty more pits of similar character and containing similar objects.
A few showed depressions on the surface. These situated just south of
Barrow II. were evidently an extension of the seventy-seven on the opposite
ridge, 800 yards distant.
There can be no doubt that some of them were used as dwellings ; others
perhaps for storage purposes. Nothing except a few pot-boilers, a few
fragments of sandstone, and perhaps a small worn shard of pottery was
ever found between the pits, although we trenched down to the “‘ hard” in
several places. ‘lhe presence of hard puddled floors, of floors paved with
limestone slabs, of patches of scorched walls, of hearths of sandstone and
of clay on the floors, and the character of the relics suggest that some
were dwelling pits. ‘These often had one or two smaller pits without
puddled floors and usually with steps, or a ramp, close to them. The
former must have been entered by means of ladders, for the chalk walls
could be traced unbroken to within a few inches of the turf. The storage
pits proper had steps in their walls so that heavy loads could be carried
into them on the shoulders. It is much easier to carry large weights up and
down steps than up and down ladders.
The majority of the pits were originally ‘‘ beehived ”—of the shape of a
truncated cone—the diameter of the floor being greater than that of the
‘In view of the theory put forth by Mr. O. G. S. Crawford that the
rectangular or chessboard type of lynchets and balks represents the old
Celtic type of cultivation, which continued throughout the Roman period,
whilst the parallel strip lynchets were introduced by the Saxons, it is worth
noting that the lynchets and balks here mentioned are distinctly of the
former type, thus supporting Mr. Crawford’s contention.
438 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down,
top. Some, as No. 47, were found on excavation to be of this form.
Others, that appeared to be straight sided, contained a mass cf very white
chalk on or near the floor, whilst the sides were weathered from the bottom
upwards for about half the height. Above this the chalk was unweathered.
I think it is very probable that this white chalk found at the bottom came
from the overhanging upper half of the walls. ‘Taken as a whole the pits
were circular in cross section; the most striking exception being No. 32,
which was rectangular. At Worlebury the most frequent shape was that
of a rough rectangle or triangle. In that case the natural fracture of the
rocky sub-soil would be square or angular; another example of the rough
material governing the shape of the finished article. If they had been made
circular, the labour and time spent on their manufacture would have been
doubled.
We were fortunate enough to find two unfinished pits, Nos. 50 and 61,
which enabled us to form an opinion as to the method of their primary
excavation. No. 50 was 3ft. 7in. deep and 2ft. 7in. wide The loose filling
of unweathered chalk rubble was mixed with a certain amount of earth
from the top soil. The floor was uneven and the walls rough. We found
it quite easy to deepen the pit by removing the stratified chalk from the
floor by means of a hard piece of wood oranironawl. The filling contained
three fragments of pottery and two of bone and had evidently been put
back very soon after the pit was abandoned. ‘The constructor must have
excavated this pit so far by lying on the ground and working in this
position. When the pit was about 3ft. 6in. deep, that is to say when the
man could no longer reach the bottom, he would get into it and enlarge the
walls all round. The most natural shape would be circular with the
diameter equal to the length of his arm. ‘lo make the pit rectangular
would entail more labour and time. We found that the pit could be
widened by two methods. If each projecting angle in the chalk was
hammered with a stone or a heavy piece of wood—the blow falling at an
angle of 45° to the plane of the walls—the result was that lumps of chalk
flaked off leaving a flat surface beneath the angle. This method was quick
and efficient. The alternative was to use a chisel or wedge. Some frag-
ments of chalk bore marks which might have been caused by such tools,
_but no evidence was found that deer horn picks were used. ‘The floor
could be deepened as soon as the pit was wide enough to work in. It
usually happened that sooner or later a vein of flint was reached. It was
in the majority of cases a thin one and was cut through without much
difficulty. Sometimes, however, the flints were large and strongly em*
bedded. ‘Then the sharp projections were knocked off and a floor made at
that level. If the result was not good, puddle was rammed down until all
the sharp corners were covered. Many of the floors sloped towards the
centre ; possibly for drainage purposes. No. 16, an obvious storage pit,
possessed a floor so smooth that it must have been rubbed down. This
may have been done to facilitate shovelling. There was a gutter, 6in. by 23in.
in transverse section, running across it from north to south.
Only 48 % of the pits possessed steps or ramps. The remainder must
have been entered by means of ladders. There were no signs of any of
the steps having been covered with wood as Pitt Rivers found at Woodcuts,
By OO Olay. = ee ee 459
nor were there any long sloping ramps. Never more than two steps were
found in any pit. Sometimes, as in Nos. 41 and 81, one step was above
the other; sometimes, as in No. 60, one was below and to the side of the
other. In no case were the steps so made that one could walk down into a
pit. It was more a question of jumping from step to step.
No encircling bank or ditch was found around any of the pits. The
absence of the former is explained by the fact that in pre-Roman times the
pits were filled in by hand. None of them had silted up. If they had, the
tops would have been bell-mouthed and one would not have straight clean
walls reaching to within a few inches of the turf line. The fact that the
Six or seven pieces of Romano-British pottery were all found above the
lft. 3in, stratum proves that prior to the Roman era the pits were filled up.
It is probable that, after the village was deserted, the land was used for
grazing by a people who lived at some little distance away. Probably some
of their sheep or oxen had fallen into one of the pits and in consequence of
this they had filled in the pits with the heaps of rubbish lying around them.
In No. 16 we found the whole skeleton of a sheep on the floor. It had all
the appearance of having fallen in and broken its neck. Nos. 3, 37, and 38
contained little else but pot-boilers, and Nos, 14 and 99 were filled up with
large unburnt flints with a few handfuls of earth added to them. These
flints, weighing four or five pounds apiece, could not have silted in. Sup-
posing they had, we should have found a quantity of fine earth or chalk
rubble filling the spaces between the stones. For some time we could not
understand why, in some pits, fine earth or chalk rubble was on one side and
large stones limited almost entirely to the other half. The explanation is
that they were filled in from one side. By experiment we found that if we
Shovelled back a mixture of large stones and fine earth, the stones—being
the heavier—rolled down to the opposite side, whilst the fine earth remained
on the side nearest the shoveller.
As a rule the walls were comparatively smooth. Those that were rough
shewed no signs of ever having been lined with clay. Akerman, in his
description of the pits at Standlake, said that in one he found part of a clay
lining and that he considered a lining was necessary in every pit to enable
the walls to maintain their upright position. In one pit we certainly found
some lumps of clay lying in pockets in the walls, but similar lumps were
scattered all through the filling, and the presence of the former may be
accidental. The weathered condition of some of the walls is a strong
argument against their having been lined.
We have definite knowledge as to the structure of the roofs. Quantities
of daub showing the marks of wattle were found—the most productive pits
being Nos. 70, 71,and 104. (See Plate VIII., Figs. 10, 11, 12,13). Boughs
of birch and hazel were laid with their larger ends meeting and bound
together over the centre of the pit. ‘They varied in thickness from tin. to
qin. ‘There was no central pole, as in the pits at Casterley Camp. It would
have made movement within the pits very restricted. Besides, we sought
without success for some central hole in the floors in which the butt of the
pole could have been fixed. The radiating boughs or rods forming the
mone SchIl.——-NO. CXh. De all
460 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
skeleton of the roof were secured by laying other sticks across them. There
was no indication of any true hurdle work or interlacing. This framework
was firmly smeared over its upper surface with a daub of clay and chalk to
which a few small fragments of flint were added. It was pressed in between —
the sticks and then smoothed with the fingers. Several specimens clearly
show the marks of the fingers and thumb. (See Plate VIII., Fig. 13.)
This layer varied in thickness from one inch near the centre to three inches
at the edges. It reached to the ends of the branches which extended well
beyond the margins of the pit. Theedges of the roof were embedded upon a
layer of straw or fine brushwood. Marks of this are seen on many specimens.
Through this border were driven at close intervals stout stakes of 14in. to
14in. diameter. These fixed the roof and prevented it being moved by
wind. Many examples of this were found together in one pit. (See Plate
VIII., Fig. 10). It is very probable that around these stakes was heaped
up a bank of the chalk that was excavated during the construction of the
pit. No. 77, which apparently belonged to the tribal ironworker, was
situated on the east of the village, 50ft. from the nearest dwelling. In
other words it was on the lee side, away from the prevailing S.W. winds.
This suggests that they feared that the sparks from his furnaces and fires
might ignite the village. The wattle and daub roofs were almost certainly
covered over with a layer of straw or dried grass. Experience would have
taught them that such a covering would prevent frost from splitting the
daub. In several pits we found just above the floor a layer of straw ashes
from 6in. to 1ft. 6in. in depth. This was lying on the top of broken pots
and other relics. We could plainly see the straw in the ashes, but grain
was found in only two pits. Examples of this are Nos. 70and 104. These
were not storage pits, for no one would be so senseless as to leave several
pots, loom weights, spindle whorls, and combs at the bottom of a pit and
then fill it up with straw. The most productive pits, in fact the only
really productive ones, were those that had a deep layer of vegetable ash
-on the floor. ‘There can be no doubt that these caught on fire and that the
roof fell in and smashed the pots on the floor. Burnt daub showing the
marks of wattle was commonly found in a rough layer on top of or amongst
the ashes. If it had not been baked by the burning of the roof it would
not have been so well preserved. In some fillings we had evidence of
unbaked or imperfectly baked daub, not much more than a yellowish
powder remaining.
It is most probable that the ledge between the top of the pit and the
roof was utilised as a shelf on which the inhabitants kept their pots and
-other possessions,
Between Kurna and Amara, in Mesopotamia, there is a tribe of Arabs
who live in pit dwellings for the sake of coolness. ‘They use this ledge as
a store cupboard. Their pits are dug out of clay and are generally rect-
angular and Sft. to 10ft. deep. They climb down a ladder to get into them.
A trench is dug round the top of the pit and in it they plant a large and
‘stiff species of reed. These are tied by their tops into bundles of five or
six. When they have taken root they are bent over and their ends fastened
together over the centre of the pit. River mud is then plastered over them.
By ty. ©. C. Clay. 461
There is no central pole. Sometimes there is a seat or shelf all round at a
height of 2ft. above the floor.
It will be noticed that the depth of the pits at Fifield Bavant is usually
equal tothe width. I think this was intentional. A person, having climbed
down a ladder into a pit, would not wish to leave the ladder standing and so
restrict the already confined space, but would place it across the top of the
pit until it was needed again. If the height was much greater than the
width the ladder would be too long for such a position, provided that the
length of the ladder approximated to the height of the pit.
These people grew corn of good quality on the surrounding balks and
ground it on their saddle or rotary querns. At times they mixed it, un-
ground, with meat, and cooked it. ‘The few pieces of burnt meat which we
found, and of which only the connective tissue of the muscle sheaths
remain, have many grains of charred wheat embedded in them. Their
meat consisted chiefly of the flesh of oxen, horses, sheep, and pig ; although
at times they ate ravens and apparently water voles. The bones of horses
were found mixed up with those of oxen and sheep in equal quantities in
the refuse of their kitchens. That the former were used for food is proved
by the fact that their long bones were broken up for the purpose of extracting
the marrow. No remains of the wild pig were found and they did not
appear to have used the roedeer or red deer for food. In many pits we
found the bones of water voles; sometimes the remains of at least a dozen
animals together. Although these may have lived in the swamps in the
coombe that separates the two portions of the village, they would not
naturally live on top of the hills where the village was situated. They are
herbivorous and their flesh is probably quite palatable. Canon Greenwell
found in a round barrow at Crosby Garrett “the bones of water voles in
hundreds” with the remains of a polecat which had evidently used the place
as a lair. In this case he found that the skulls of all the voles had been
crushed ; a characteristic of the habits of the polecat. The skulls that we
found at Fifield Bavant were usually perfect.
The countless pot-boilers point to a primitive method of cooking. Char-
coal for their fires has been identified by Mr. Arthur H. Lyell, F.8.A., as
belonging to Oak (Quercus robur), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), and Hazel
(Corylus avellana). No built up hearths were found.
As the water stood higher in the springs in prehistoric days and as the
bottom of the coombe at the present time is slightly swampy in winter, it
is very probable that it was from the head of this valley that the inhabitants
of the village obtained their water supply.
That they wove themselves clothes is proved by the finding of loom
weights, spindle whorls, and weaving combs. ‘lhe discovery of a lynch pin
shows that they possessed some form of cart or chariot. They dug clay
from the valley and quarried stone from Chilmark, Teffont, and Fovant.
They brought the iron-bearing sandstone from the Westbury district and
smelted the metal from it at Fifield Bavant, for we have found much iron
slag and portions of a ‘“tuyére.” hey probably bartered the micaceous
sandstone as none is found in the neighbourhood.
De Ties
462 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
Their cemetery and their rubbish heap have not been found.
Although most of the pottery is characteristic of the period of La Tene L.,
yet a portion of it is identical with that found at the Hallstatt sites at All
Cannings and Hengistbury, and the thistle-headed pin is certainly Hallstatt. .
The animal bones from Fifield Bavant “contain exactly the same forms of
domestic animals as All Cannings.” The date of the site can, I think,
be placed at the beginning of La Tene I. (400—300 B.C. 2), at a time when
the new types had not yet completely superseded the preceding ones of the
Hallstatt period. Mr. Reginald Smith agrees with this.
With regard to the burnt flint pot-boilers, it is remarkable that whereas
these were found in such numbers at Fifield Bavant, that in most pits there
were at least a hundred, and two pits were completely filled with them
alone, suggesting they must have been thickly scattered all around and
between the pits—at All Cannings Cross, on the other hand, enormous
numbers (1300 in all) of flint and sarsen hammerstones or mullers were found,
but no burnt flint pot-boilers at all.. The abundance of the latter at Fifield
Bavant seems to indicate that there was no communal cooking place such
as was found at Buckenham Tofts. (Proc. Prehist. Soc. of Hast Anglia,
TIL, 483).
The whole of the objects illustrated in this paper and found at Fifield
Bavant have been given to the Society’s Museum, at Devizes, and are now
on view there, with the exception of the skull, which has been placed in the
Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, in Lincolns Inn Fields.
A series of models of the more interesting pits, made to scale, to illustrate
the various types, communicating pits, pits with recesses in their walls,
pits with steps in their walls, pits with seats, and pits with flint shaft, have
been made and placed with the rest of the collection in Devizes Museum.
463
a[ppnd q4yIM peuly s100f om J,
‘Ulg “4JG ‘aTpeou ouOg “4Je
[Joy efpuridsouog ‘ulg “aye
‘aqqed §=ayizqaenb poeqeiojsog NO 0 0) V6 og ale DS ON ‘) 6 ¢ 69 € 9 8
GO wip
quinquy) oO 0 I a9 09 N ra) 1) OLG i @ 9 7 L
ao O30 0 Ss N fT ieee SS ee ek ik | A
“UIQ “IFT
‘souoq uvuIny jo sjuewse. 7 WoO 0 ") j a9 99 N ON leer 2 3S g
LOOR 0f surury AvlO petppng
“JT Ye [veu DO
_ ‘qoy pedeys-woorysnu ‘q’yy =O OO 0 OOS oe N al He 8-9 8 9 9 ey
= cae ae 4p ar 9 Vee eae
S a MIME, © - © 2 © aesrar a Sy =o 0 2b
| "UIQ °
© ye steays uo jo aed e& jyepy WO 0 0 0 ate) ae 09 A fT Oo WV Oe Gf G
eS wo 0 30-220 te ts =P A He SO a on eae I
; ul “4j ul oy ul *{
eS syrewuey Ee = fe : as 5 = 2 S = ae ve °
2 2 = g: S = e = e
e =. = a wo =
s poe S
z i g
-pouorzueut szoefqo oq] Jo eouasqe olT]US OYy SoyoIPULQ -aSvIOAV OY Age A[WYSYs yuNowe ue soyeorpur + ‘qId eSvsoav ue
UI pUNOF oq P[Nom 4eYy} JUNOWL oY] sv pozeUITyso SI S1o[log-JOg pur ‘[eoorvYyH ‘seuog [eMIUY JOJ (N) A}quenb [ewusoU oJ,
‘Ysilig -ouremoy=qy “e[qqna yfeqo Aqwwo= YOR
‘oavis WRP=HO ‘sqqni yeyp=yo “Ayuvosmog “AqyWUeNnb TewI0U=N ‘poos AlsA=HA ‘“poos=H IUejJ= VJ
‘SLIT HHL 10 ATAVY,
An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
464
JOOY WO JaT[nq
Suljs Avo peyeq pure o[ 491s
UuOIT ‘GZ ‘ON YjIM poyoouU0/)
Ul “3F1 “roms
eipuidg ‘ulg -ajz ‘enzeds
euog ‘ug "9fZ “[Me au0g
[toy afpurds yleyO
][@M. “NI UL Sossedel OS.1¥T
OM], ‘“UIg ‘UIOD ss¥Iq UBWOY
100]
pe[ppnug “Svs wort sovetd om J,
[z01[M appurds ypeqa
‘9G OJlUy WOIT
JOOY UO Jedesos JUT[ YT
OOH UI Je44Ns [[PUg
JOOP pete Nd
J4oym o[purds 419330g
EL ‘ON YM poyoouuo;
jowWUIeY ofIzjen’y
OOH UO yod UsyOIquN [[VWIg
pe104sed sjod om J,
[[MASs,Voojog “IJg ‘ejluy UOT
syIvwleyy
aod
S19[10q-10g
‘TROOIeD
‘seuogd
do
t)
0)
u
iy)
tel
R= AS 0 4
a
amido)
2)
S}ULY Juang
-UN os10T
oo 2 oo
O=aODOO, COeee
—-—O-900 9 OFO
SaOoSoo qa Geeee ©S
SQ 2G=29 az qeooS
meso e
DIOOS)
Ne Saae a
Sanh
suiandy
qned 21798M
SIyUsioM Woo'y
+++4+4+4+4+4++
98
9S
Ju
a+
S1a]10g-90d
wd oD
=
uw st
Nee)
© st 10
=
Ye)
=
1d CO €O 2 SH tes) I= tH 20
7 ABZ PA Z Zaw
= oaor~wWdo Yen} So —-.w
2)
P22
=
10109 16 IS Hag 6 1.0 =f
ZA0n
>)
TS.
SOSOSS S&S BORam
3)
2
BWOOMErKFY O FPontH DO L196
Sos oworw
BOrRnmmm oD
Ujsue'y -
a S
100 ay OORS OC SOOO by mae
S-—cOonR
wPIM = = =
pec oBro)
jeooreyy
souog [vwiUuy
SIIEM
465
By R. C. C. Clay.
qo 0 9) 0 N N 99 A A 8 F ll ¥ l Pf PP
ie) 0 G 0 99 9S 09 A A ny, Ol F Ol > €P
‘ge ye Aroyjod josokey OHO 0) 0 0 IN a ae N DA AH 8 ¢ 1 9 iL GP
eTppnd UI paynois Ssouoys
yooqing YM poavd 100],7 ro ®) 0 0 0 N N ot ro) HL 8 9 6 9 Ol 9 I?
yo
‘qJG ‘uid yout], uodry ul 9 0 0 ~0 959. : 39g N ul oO <2 3G 3. 1G ate soe. Oy
TO 0) 0 0 oS 98 9S ) A OL ¢ Lb iy 6E
dO
o8UlOS pues
QUuog peyOM Jo sde1d YW S19[loq yog QO I 0 +++4++4++4+ 99 ra) | @ © G 9 Ole ke
aod
8UlOSs pue
9€ YIM poyoouUOL SJ9[I0oq 40g 0 0 +++4++4+4+4+4+4++ 959 A v P 8 FF ll F 1
LE YUM peyouuo)D YONA 0 0 G N 9S N al A Coe. 9 4 6 g 9¢
LOO pe|ppud "UIE
‘Wp ‘quod su0g ‘YT ‘TWAS
uvuIny JO yuSWIsRI “UTY, rome)
‘4JL “YOooIq pesuly wor “gy ao 0 0) 0) IS ae oS y AY | Lav. 9 P iG ce
uo 0 0 0 99 =P N Me py 2a @ 6 ¢ OL g ve
Joop uo e[ppnd jo-ulg =y A 00> 0 N N; 7N. =.) Opes O Oe <1 6 9 (8
ao
‘S19[10q-J0g
SUES CURIS! TOO) 4 ) @ eeegeeeare Ny) GO YO GE
Yo 0 0 0 0) 0 oS ro) ro) 1 <6 | 6 lh, 3 [é
Wo 0 0 0) 0 a9 AP ra) ‘) G P ban 2 ay 0€
JOoy uo dooos x) (+) pure
euogd euo pue [Mv eu0g eUG = JUL] 0 0) 0 0) 0 a0 2) A Lh P 6 P Ona 6%
ul qf ul “Ty “ul ‘4s
ee ec ee boct S
ee ee ee
SYIVWsy a 5 5 S 5 2 > = a
& = 5 = to +
S e g
An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
466
Quog peyIO\ ‘[IOTA
ejpulds yleyo e4o[duoouy
100y
peppnd 349 98 qutod euog y
S¥[S UOII JO oooId
qid peystugun uy
S[IOYA oe[pulds yyeyo omy,
(PES SER) SEC) EE SUIS Sema iy
"UIQ “439 3) “4 fg ‘STM oU0G OMT,
UI9 “9J1 “JaT[ng Surs ypeyO
e[ppnd poos ‘1reqqna urery
SOU0JS SUI[S Y[eYO OMT,
qid peyslugun uy
e[psou suo
‘uld polpuey
‘S[[@M UL sse00]
SP YIM poyoouu0yD
ulenb s[ppeg ‘euog
poyIO\A ‘Uleis Jo Az1GUeN?)
“UIQ “9JT ‘[toym orpurds yleqD
9U09S}9T AA
-SULI UOIT
SALUT
Uo
“ToTLOq “JO
‘[eooreyg
ao
+oo oO900000 oO
ee ker) Jie) D>
oo oo
janed = 91992 M
+oo atoonn
i>)
+O +000 coo
On
suieng
>)
=o oo 25
+-90
=—+OD>
SUUSIOM wWoo'y
WS ts
Neo aN
nga AS
US US
2 os
Neg a
5 tee or
Ns
ee OS
as OS)
aaah Ape
os 20
ae OS
vg 0
Ol Sarat
Ss
N79 aN
1 eS
Ne aN
sag tae
aS OS
ae) fe)
Eee
oo
RN
sauog [vulUy
Son oat ole oa
OD
IOO].
Oht moo moe SS
SO (SOROS Face
sem FXO
ae)
O 0 21920 0 90)
bs en eis LS
AS Tart AH” aK)
Ne cy i ano) © 20 10
rad
—
Hee ie)
dow rN Oorso
OO.
re —
aH FID OMOID 1929 9 ~
——
qT 310H
1d 1 SO SH CO 210
Oo +H
rs QUOg PIYIO AA
= «- “UOIT pu’ 9ZU0Iq Jo syuDWISeI
uld uoly
"18 ‘ON YIIM poqoouuos)
€8 ‘ON AIM poqooun0D
F8 ‘ON YIM poqoouu0g
S¥IS UOIT
‘Se[S UAT
ORIG
qe (e[VUl9J) UOJoTays poyonosy)
9uo0gsqyoy MA
[laue euojspurg
"SEIS UOIT
‘suloy daeys pue Jeyyue yng
PL ‘ON YIM pojyoouuo0y
GL ON YIM poqoouuod
Jayyue yN_
By Rk. C. C. Clay.
a[peceu suog ‘quod su0og
Avo oind
jo dun] gal[ng Suys yyeqO
JYSlom WOOT YUIL
QUO PIYIO AA
‘UI “9JZ ‘[MB oUOg
SYIVWIY
mmlPP?
—
yo. a.
ma Sees a
5
OS)
es}
aAoXe)
oO
Oa.
OD
ooo. ++N090000
a > ee a> en)
qneg RAMeM = CSCOO ++
aOOnmOCC SO
Ciao Solos Or
Seay
surand
—=—SC0O000 oOo +=—C00O-—=00
ono+ +0
SJU5I9M WOOT
S19[10g-90g
[eooreyO
{ seuog [euruy
%
Aw Z
oo
MS
ORO
Ty Ty Ey
ld
Hy
Some
Aon Oe MHtHOOMr
—
lonSp) 1D CO OG OD
SH OOD 19 09 210 SH 1d Be 10 CO Pe SHO OD 20 Pe 10
Neon)
Saana0oo
Yjcue --
Om © OC oeOorn OMT
| —= —
1d De 1 CO l- She t Olio
NO r-omTton
HOD CO SH SD 10
oR ia)
aed © 19 ©
qy sie a GN © I=
NOOrKA® Ol
CO P= © =F 1d € 10 20
OMRON oOo
Ore
45 SH CO SHO co st Bs oD HID SH CO Co co SH
Wd JO ‘ON
An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
468
‘tlIp “VG IPI oSeioay
‘ulg “‘4JE 98 100]
Alepuooeg 100 porppng
[doy o[purds y[eyO
UINIIVA|eO UBUIN A
‘s[1oyM e[pulds yey seit,
qeoul
quing “Jeet ‘quiod ouog
‘sjloyM elpulds yTeYyo 98AT IT
Joop pejppug ‘dureyo uoiy
qguiod suoq = ‘[[nys uvuIN yy
[leq Avo poyeq ‘[Mv ouog
yurid uspoom
quing ‘[1oymM e[puids yleyO
9uojs
yoy A ‘Uld ezu0Ig ‘quod
euog “UI, UOIyT ‘eypeou suog
‘He[S UOIT
SIS UCIT ‘[IOWM o[pulds ylVeyD
qid peystuyun uy
‘WE 48 100f peyppnd Arepuoseq
9U0G PoyIOAA
eTpury
9uog Ul suv} UOIT ‘[Me oU0g
JOO] UO Ssoyse ouy 44]
SYIVUWAy
oo
ao
Ne)
io?)
ODO)
S S44 P45
AZAZAZZA
5
oO
YO ‘soyse
+ ocH+t+
QaoSeeos
ocoomooo+
=—sODC ON
(>) (>)
LA tatoOt++
oo 0
NNN TAA
Seo SCOO=xHOS
OVD 0000008
oon
ee >)
SKS) @)e
(>)
oD)
Dn
SULLA
qned » 291998 M
suIand
S}YSI9M\ WOOT
S19|10g-10d
[eooivyD
souog |vulUuy
‘UlG “IG YASUE] odeiaay “ulp “4J¢ qStay OSVIBAY
i)
DA
DA
5 meool
a
SS
od =H OO Eo HOSS
Go Oo
ito) Wud 10 FX ©
oO & =r
Wo) Heo cr CO
mow © xs
I= CO 10 P= b= ©
5
>
SS)
>
5
>
CO 20 20 CO H 10 20
re
CO 2 10 6 H rg ©
© 10 2d) OD) SH 1D
somo wWwn—-ownwon
Smox OM =O Hart
=
ra)
45 1920 ©
ge tO SS
sem = =—FH OR i
a x 99 10
TAPIA
y}3uaT
qusiaH
Wd JOON
By R. C. C: Clay. 469
A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A FEW OF THE MOST INTERESTING PITS.
Pit No. 8 was 6ft. 3in. in depth. The bottom was lined with 3in. of
well-puddled clay and chalk. Above this was a layer of large flints covered
by a second layer of puddle. Between the two floors we found a bone
needle.
Pits Nos. 13 and 14 were connected by an elliptical opening in the
dividing wall, 2ft. 6in. above the floor level. They were 9in. apart at the
narrowest point. No. 13 showed traces of puddle on the floor and contained
much pottery and animal bones in the upper half, two quartzite rubbers, a
loom weight, and a portion of asandstone saddle quern. No. 14 contained no
objects or pottery, and was filled in with very large unburnt flints with only
slight traces of earth or chalk. ‘The floor was very flatand clean. It is pos-
sible that No. 13 was a dwelling and No. 14 a storage pit. ‘The large flints,
averaging four pounds in weight each, that filled up No. 14, could not have
been dug out during the construction of the pit, as only one small vein was
cut through. ‘They were certainly collected and probably formed a wall on
the north side of No. 14 (see model in Devizes Museum).
Pit No, 16 was in transverse section shaped like a square with rounded
corners and was 7ft. 10in. deep. Near the surface were a few small frag-
ments of pottery and a little charcoal. ‘The floor appeared to have been
intentionally smoothed and divided into two halves by a gutter 6in. wide
and 24in. deep. ‘l'here was no sign of habitation. Probably it had been a
storage pit for grain and the floor had been smoothed to facilitate shovelling.
Pit No. 21 (Plate II.) contained flat-bottomed recesses at a height of
2ft. 8in. from the bottom of the pit. ‘| hey were large enough for a man to
recline in each, provided that he kept his knees bent up (see model).
Pit No. 23 would probably have been made deeper if the constructor had
not come across a vein of large flints at a depth of 5ft.10in. He had
unsuccessfully attempted to cut off level the projecting angles and had filled
up the hollows with good puddle.
Pits Nos. 25 and 26 (Plate II.) intersected like the figure 8—the opening
between them being straight-sided and 2ft. 6in. wide. No 26 was lft. 2in.
deeper than No. 25 and was full of animal bones, charcoal, and pot-boilers,
The lower jaws of five horses, five oxen, five sheep, and five pigs were
counted. Every one of the bones had been gnawed by dogs or wolves.
Pit No. 31 was 3ft. 6in deep, oft. long, and 2ft. wide. In shape it was
rectangular with rounded ends. There were no burnt flints and only one
fragment of pottery at 2ft. and two pieces of animal bone on the floor. The
use of this pit or trench is unknown,
Pit No. 32 was rectangular with square corners.
Pit No. 34 (Plate II.) contained a flat step or seat, 2ft. wide, at a height
‘of 1ft. 6in. from the floor on the west side. ‘here was a steep ramp from
the turf level down to this ledge.
Pits Nos. 36 and 37 (Plate II.) intersected like the figure 8. The latter
was “‘ beehived”’ in shape.
470 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
Pit No. 41 (Plate II.) was very interesting. The floor was lined with flat
slabs of Purbeck limestone “ grouted” in with good puddle. ‘The slabs
left many large gaps and appeared rather to reinforce the puddle than to
form a compact pavement. Between the slabs the puddle was 6in. thick.
On the south wall were two well-defined steps. They were revealed by
sounding with a rammer and were excavated under the impression that we
had twin pits.
Pit No. 42 contained a stratum of small fragments of pottery from five
or six different pots at a depth of 3ft., lying on a layer of charcoal and pot-
boilers.
Pits Nos. 46 and 47 (Plate II.) were connected by an opening 4ft. wide.
‘The latter was the deeper by 1ft. 8in. and was ‘“ beehived.” No. 46 was
evidently used as a grain store. On the centre of the floor was lying a
mass of charred corn mixed with a small quantity of charcoal. There was
approximately a bushel of it. Lying on the edge of the grain and containing
some of it was the half of a hematite square-shouldered pot of the Hallstatt
period. It had been used as a scoop.
Pit No, 48 (Plate II.) possessed a flat-bottomed recess 2ft. 4in. long and
lft. 10in. deep.
Pit No. 55 was egg-shaped—32ft. 1lin. deep, 8ft. Llin. long, and 3ft. 3in.
wide in the middle. The upper 2ft. 6in. of the filling was composed of
charcoal and burnt flints; below this was chalk rubble. Animal bones and
pottery were very scanty. I think this place must have been used for
cooking purposes.
Pit No. 59 (Plate II.) contained a flint shaft on the east side 6in. from
the floor. ‘The mouth of the shaft measured 2ft. by 1ft. 9in. and was roughly
circular. ‘The shaft went in a horizontal direction for 4ft. 7in. when it
terminated in a blunt end. The vein of good flint could be seen running
along the sides a few inches above the bottom of the shaft and at the end.
It was empty except for a little loose chalk. The maker of this tunnel had
stopped when, with his head and shoulders inside, he could reach no
further. It would have been impossible to make the shaft large enough
for his whole body without loosening the roof. ‘The flints must have been
prised out. As no flint implements were found that could be considered
contemporaneous with this village site this excavation is puzzling, but no
explanation seems possible, except that it was made to extract flints.
Pit No. 60 had two steps on the south-west and a slight ramp on the
north-east.
Pit No. 61 (Plate II.) was never finished. It had two steps, one on the
east and one on the south-east. ‘The eastern one had been completed and
contained pot-boilers, charcoal, and earthy gravel ; the other was unfinished,
partly hollow and partly filled with unweathered chalk rubble. The back
walls of these steps overhung. On the south and south-west the constructor
had evidently commenced to widen the walls, working from above down-
wards. The floor had been pecked up but never cleared out. This pit
was never inhabited and was filled in very soon after it was abandoned
unfinished.
Pit No. 62 (Plate II.) had a seat or ledge 1ft. from the floor on the not ti
east side. It was lft. wide.
~ BO in OL (Oe (ai. 471
Pit No. 70 was, so far, our most productive pit. The upper 2ft. of the
filling was composed of earthy flint gravel with very many pieces of Portland,
Purbeck, and sandstone. ‘The next 4ft. 8in. was chiefly straw or vegetable
ash. It was extremely light and powdery. Very many pieces of wattle
and daub-and of loom weights, fragments of clay hearths and of saddle and
rotary querns, iron slag, an antler comb, a bone needle, and great quantities
of pottery were found; the latter lying on the bottom. At several places
lumps of pure clay had been stuck into holes in the walls. Possibly this
had been done to smooth them as the chalk had not flaked off very clearly.
On the other hand several lumps of pure clay were found in the filling and
the presence of the former may have been accidental. ‘There was no step
or ramp and the walls could be traced unbroken to within a few inches of
the turf.
Pits Nos. 74 and 75 (Plate III.) were 1ft. apart but connected by an
opening 2ft. 6in. deep and 2ft. wide. The former was 1]in. shallower than
the latter and had a step down on the north side.
Pit No. 77 probably belonged to the village blacksmith. It was situated
on the east side away from the other pits. ‘This suggests that the roofs of
wattle and daub had a coating of grass or straw on top and that this pit
was so placed that the prevailing winds from the south-west should blow
any sparks away from the village. Many pieces of clay hearths, several
large lumps of iron slag, a base of an antler from which the tines,:burr, and
beam had been sawn off, and two ox horn cores showing saw cuts were
found. The latter cuts may have been made during the process of cutting
the horns off. Similar horn cores have been found at All Cannings and
Hanging Langford.
Pit No. 81 (Plate III.) had a seat or step 1ft. 4in. wide and 2ft. from the
floor running round one-third of the circumference of the walls. ‘I'wo feet
above this was a shorter step of equal width.
Pit No. 82 had a solid layer of pure clay 1ft. 6in. thick covering a thin
Jayer of dark soil on the floor. On the top of this layer was a clay hearth
containing a fused mass of iron charcoal and earth. This was apparently
a secondary floor to lessen the depth of the pit, which was originally 7ft.
There were no steps or ramps.
Pits.Nos. 83 and 84 (Plate III.) intersected and the width of their junction
was 3ft.
Pits Nos. 86 and 87 (Plate III.) were 1ft. 8in. apart, but were connected
by an opening 2ft. 9in. high through the dividing wall.
Pit No. 88 (Plate III.) contained a long seat or ledge 2ft. 3in. wide
running round two-thirds of the circumference of the walls on the north-
east, east, and south-east sides at a height of 2ft. 4in. from the floor.:
Pit No 94 was 5dft. llin. deep. It had a secondary floor of 4in. of very
good puddle at a depth of only 3ft. There was a slight ledge at the same
level on the east side.
Pit No. 96 (Plate III.) had a flat-bottomed recess 1lin. wide, 3ft. long,
and 1ft. 6in. high on the west side at a height of 2ft. 2in. above the floor.
Pit No. 99 (Plate III.) was filled with lumps of pure flint without any
472 Anearly Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
earth or chalk whatever for a depth of 3ft. 6in. Below this were 3ft. of
chalk rubble and on the floor 1ft. of burnt straw or grass. ‘here was a
step all round, deepest on the north side. A charred piece of oak plank
was found on the floor.
Pit No. 104 had evidently caught on fire and the burning roof had fallen
on to the things below. Very many pieces of pottery, of loom weights and
of wattle and daub, a bone comb, five spindle whorls, and three lumps of
burnt meat were found on the floor covered by Ift. 6in. of straw ashes. ‘The
pieces of straw could be plainly seen in the ashes, but crumbled to powder
directly they were touched. In the ashes was also found a portion of a
“tuyere” or nozzle of the bellows used in the primitive kilns or furnaces.
The pits at Worlebury! averaged 5ft. in depth and nine pits to an acre.
They were rectangular or triangular and none of them showed any evidence
of steps or ramps having been cut for the purpose of ingress or egress.
At Woodcuts? the ninety-one pits averaged 6ft. 2in. in depth, which in
most cases was equal to the width. Most of them were circular but 4 %
were rectangular. The majority were smaller at the top than the bottom.
A few were twin pits. Wattle and daub was found in nine of them, and
three had seats cut into the walls.
The average depth of the pits at Winklebury® was 3ft. 6in. They were
evidently refuse pits but quite a number of flint flakes were found in them.
The Standlake* pits were mostly circular. Several were united like the
figure 8 and several had seats cut into the walls.
The four pits in Rushmore Park® were circular and averaged 6ft. 7in. in
depth.
At Rotherly® only two were connected together and three possessed steps
in the walls. Most of them were smaller at the top than at the bottom
and none had any recesses or seats. ‘Their average depth was dt. 2in.
THE POTTERY.
Fragments of nearly 400 vessels were found and without exception they
were all hand made. No true bead rim type of bowl was discovered, but
8 vessels (No. 8, Plate III, and Rim Types 39 to 45) can be classified as
incipient bead rims. ;
The pottery falls into two classes—the Hallstatt and the I.a Tene L. ;
the latter predominating. ‘Taking it as a whole, the large proportion of
red and reddish brown vessels is characteristic of the earlier period, for the
nearer we approach the Romano-british period the greater becomes the
preponderance of the black colour.
1 Proc. Som. Arch. Soc., vol. LI. (1905).
* Pitt Rivers’ Hxcavations I., 12—14, 209—239.
3 Pitt Rivers’ Kxcavations I]., 243.
4 Guide to Ashmolean Museum, p. 41.
5 Pitt Rivers’ Hacavations LV., 42.
6 Pitt Rivers’ Hucavations II., 52—61.
|
|
|
‘|
an TE -
By R. C. C. Clay. 473
Half a bowl of the haematited carinated type (No. 5, Plate IV.) was
found, and fragments of 6 or 7 bowls of similar type. Nos. 1, 4, and 6 of
Plate II., and Nos. 6, 7, and 9 of Plate IV., are typically Hallstatt and can
with two exceptions be matched with vessels from All Cannings. The
three omphaloid bases and Rim Type, 1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 25, and
47, can be allocated to the same period.
The remainder belong to the period of I.a Tene I. (Class B of Hengistbury).
Nothing exactly similar to anything found at Glastonbury, Aylesford, or
Hunsbury has been found, and the pottery found at Hanging Langford by
Mr. Newall seems to be later.
The paste of most of the vessels was very sandy and until thoroughly
dried extremely friable. Many of the shards contained very large fragments
of flint, which was often burnt. In one thick vessel fragments of thin
pottery was incorporated in the paste. Shells, black particles of burnt
vegetable matter, mica, and fragments of limestone were found. In some
cases the interiors Of the pots were coated with a whitish material, which
may have been the residue left after the boiling of chalky water. Mrs.
Cunnington has found at All Cannings in some of the perforated vessels a
similar residue, which upon analysis proves to be bony material. At Fifield
Bavant a thick coating occurred in a pot with an unperforated omphaloid
base. The outer surfaces were usually well tooled, and with two exceptions
all the ornamentation had been done with bone tools.
Of the eyelet handles found, three were perforated vertically and one
horizontally. The latter is exactly similar to one found at All ‘Cannings.
In no case was there’any projection on the interior of the vessel opposite
the handle.
Puate LV.—Portrery.
Fig. 1. A vessel of greyish brown sandy paste with a dark brown or
black tooled surface. The rim is slightly rounded.
It is ornamented with two parallel grooves under the rim. Around the
greatest circumference are two girth grooves 15 mm. apart, shaded with
deep parallel oblique grooves. They were made with a blunt tool.
Height 94in., diam. of rim 53in., greatest diameter 8Zin., diameter of base
Sein.
Fig. 2. A vessel of dark sandy paste. The outer surface is rough and
dark brown in colour. The rim is straight, slightly flattened and grooved.
The base is perforated with five countersunk holes.
Height 53in., diameter of rim 5gin., greatest diameter, 5Zin.. diameter of
base 34in.
Fig 3. A vessel of hard dark grey paste containing a few fragments of
flint and mica. The rim is flattened and slightly everted. The outer
surface is brownish black and well tooled—the inner black and tooled. It
is high shouldered and corresponds with Hengistbury Type 23 Class B.
Height 83in., diameter of rim 6Zin, greatest diameter 83in., diameter of
base 44in.
Fig. 4. A bowl of red haematited thin pottery. The outer surface is
tooled and the inner smooth. The rim is rounded and slightly everted.
474 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
The base is ornamented with three concentric circular grooves which may
have been made with a finger. It is identical in shape with a vessel found
in the Hallstatt cemetery at Roiderholz (Austria).
Height 57in., diameter of rim 64in., greatest diameter 73in., diameter of
base 3%in. ,
Fig. 5. A straight-sided vessel with incipient bead rim of red haematited —
ware. The outer surface is polished. Similar pots were found in a pit
dwelling in Oldbury Camp (Devizes Museum Cat., Fig. 1, Plate X VIII.)
Height 54in., diameter of rim 64in., diameter of base, 61in.
Fig. 6. A roughly made vessel of dane grey pottery, sell brown on the
inner and outer side. It has not been smoothed and shows the marks of
the potter’s fingers as he moulded it. The rim is slightly everted. It is
high shouldered. A similar type was found at All Cannings.
Height 7in., diameter of rim 5in., greatest diameter 5Zin., diameter of
base 33in.
Fig. 7. A bowl of well baked dark grey pottery, reddish brown on the
outside and black on the inside. There are many small particles cf flint in
the paste. Both surfaces have been tooled and the outer is pitted with
small holes. The rim is rounded and slightly everted.
Height 54in., diameter of rim 6in., greatest diameter 6Zin., diameter of
base 33in.
Fig. 8. A bowl of reddish brown sandy paste containing grains of mica.
The outer surface is reddish brown and is well tooled—the inner surface is
darker. ‘The base is perforated with five holes. The rim is rounded and
slightly everted.
Height 43in., diameter of rim 54in., greatest diameter 64in., diameter
of base 3¢in.
Fig.9. A roughly made vessel of dark sandy paste. The outer surface 3.
is dark brown in colour and rough. The inner surface is light brown. The
rim is somewhat rounded. Probably a waster.
Height 64in., diameter of rim 5in., greatest diameter 6in., diameter of
base 44in.
Fig. 10. A bowl of reddish brown gritty paste. The inner and outer
surfaces are smoothed but not polished. The rim is straight. Two opposite
vertically pierced eyelet handles are of the form of Type 13 Class A,
Hengistbury.
Height 83in. “ diameter of rim 54in. Paks greatest diameter 83 gin.,
diam. of base 3Zin.
PLATE V.—PorreEry.
Fig. 1. A high shouldered vessel of dark brown pottery with rough
surfaces. ‘The rim is rounded and everted. Similar to Hengistbury Type
23 Class B.
Height 83in., diameter of rim 82in., greatest diameter 83in., diameter of
base 4gin. ie
Fig. 2. A vessel of very hard reddish ware very similar to that of a
modern flower pot. It is blackened in places as if it had been in contact
with a fire. The rim is rounded. It is elliptical in cross section and is
By R. C. C. Clay. 475
probably a waster. The outer surface has been shaped with a knife,
Pottery of similar type was found at All Cannings.
Height 10in., diameter of rim 74in., to 10in., greatest diameter 104in.,
diameter of base 44in.
Fig. 3. A vessel of thick brown pottery containing many particles of
flint. he outer and inner surfaces are rough and the former is blackened
in places. The rim is slightly rounded. A vessel of similar shape and
texture was found at Battlesbury and is now in the Devizes Museum.
Fig. 4. A vessel of dark brown pottery with straight rim and roughly
tooled outer surface. Found with and similar to Fig. 9, Plate IV.
Height 74in., diameter of rim 53in., greatest diameter 63in., diameter of
base 3Zin.
Fig. 5. A vessel of similar type and material to Fig. 2, Plate II.
Height 94in., diameter of rim 8in., greatest diameter 82in., didmeter of
base 43in.
Fig. 6. A vessel of similar.type and material to the last.
Height 94in., diameter of rim 83in., greatest diameter, 92in., diameter of
base 5in.
Fig. 7. A small cup of reddish pottery containing particles of flint. It
was moulded in the hand, the marks of the potter’s fingers being evident
near the base, which is blackened. ‘The inner surface is smooth, the outer
surface rough. It has no lip and does not appear to have been subjected
to any great heat, as one would expect if it had been used as a crucible.
The base is very thick. A vessel of similar form and type, but larger, was
found at Winklebury.
Height 23in., diameter of rim 23in., greatest diameter 24in., diameter of
base 28in.
Fig. 8. A bowl of hard greyish brown pottery. The two surfaces have
been smoothed but not polished. The rim is slightly beaded. This specimen
is the nearest to the bead rim type of bowl that we have found.
Height 5in., diameter of rim 43in., greatest diameter 53in., diameter of
base 332in.
PuateE VI.—Porrery.
Fig.1. Fragment of a vessel of dark brown sandy paste with polished
black surface on the outside. The rim is rounded and everted. One inch
below the rim are two girth grooves Zin. apart, shaded with oblique grooves.
Above and below this band are single lines of dots caused by the impression
of some blunt tool. Below this is a row of grooved semi-circles bordered
with dots. Probably the semi-circle met at a finger print impression, ag in
Nos. 2 and 4, below, and in another fragment not illustrated.
Fig. 2. Fragment of a vessel of reddish brown pottery, polished on the
outside. The shape is similar to that of No. 1, above. One inch below the
rim there is a wide girth groove bordered by oval impressions or punch
marks. Below this are semi-circles bordered by similar marks, and meeting
_at a thumb mark impression bordered by dots. The dotted impressions
| are irregularly spaced.
Fig. 3. Fragment of a vessel of reddish pottery with a polished outer
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXL. 2K
476 Anearly Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
surface. The rim is slightly everted. It is ornamented below the rim with
a girth groove, below which are dependent grooved semi-circles.
Fig. 4. Fragments of a vessel of dark brown pottery similar in shape to
Nos. 1 and 2. It is polished on both surfaces. It is ornamented with
panels of oval punch marks bordered by vertically incised lines which run —
down to meet grooved semi-circles bordered by similar punch marks and
meeting at a finger tip impression bordered by punch marks. This is the
fourth specimen found of this type of ornamentation.
Fig. 5. Half a vessel of the haematited type similar to those found at
All Cannings and Hengistbury. On the neck is a line of incised chevrons
and on the square shoulder a line of larger chevrons shaded with vertically
incised lines. ‘The incisions were made after the vessel was fired. In places
the haematite coating has been burnt to a black colour.
Fig. 6. Fragments of dark brown pottery showing a er DO"S above a line
of impressions made by a flat-ended round tool.
Fig. 7. Portion of the shoulder of a haematited carinated bowl, having
two cordons and two lines of faintly grooved chevrons. This ornamentation
has been done after the vessel was baked.
Fig. 8. Fragment of a vessel of dark grey pottery coated with a haematite
‘slip inside and outside. It is ornamented with curved grooves and
irregularly placed dotted impressions.
Fig. 9. Portion of the shoulder of a small vessel of dark brown pottery
with a polished outer surface. It is ornamented on the shoulder with a row
-of finger nail marks, and below this are hollow tubeimpressions. A similar
type was found at All Cannings.
Fig. 10. Fragment of the rim of a haematite coated vessel of reddish
brown pottery with a well polished surface. The rim is rounded and |
‘slightly everted. One inch below is a girth groove bordered by splash- |~
shaped impressions. ff
Fig. 11. Fragment of a vessel of dark brown sandy pottery with straight
rim. There is a vertically-pierced eyelet handle 14in. below the rim. It is
of the type of No. 13 Class B of Hengistbury.
Fig. 12. Fragment of a vessel of dark grey pottery with a well-tooled
black outer surface. ‘The rim is rounded and slightly everted. It is
ornamented with a girth groove immediately below the rim and shows two
‘irregularly grooved curves. A very similar piece of pottery was found at
Glastonbury, but on it the curves were more regular and even.
Fig. 13. Fragment of a haematite coated vessel of dark grey pottery.
The rim is slightly everted. There is a rounded shoulder ornamented with
.a broad waved groove, which was apparently made with the tip of a finger.
The down strokes are heavier than the up. A similar ornament, but made
with a bone tool, is seen in No. 186 at Glastonbury.
Puate VII.—Portery.
Rim Types Nos. 1 to 47 are illustrations of every type found at Fifield | ~ |
Bavant. Nos. 2, 5, 19, and 26 are the commonest. Nos. 39 to 45 are
incipient bead rims. Only one specimen of each of the latter types were
found. No. 25 is in type and texture very suggestive of a Bronze Age urn. |
By RC. C. Clay. 477
The vessel of which No. 47 is the rim had an omphaloid base; unfortunately
it could not be restored. The rims of the haematited carinated vessels are
not illustrated.
Fig. 1. Foot ring with hollow base. Above the rounded ring is a broad
tooled groove on both sides—forming an incipient cordon. ‘The vessel was
made of a reddish brown sandy ware with beautifully-tooled surfaces.
Fig. 2. Foot ring with hollow base belonging to a bowl of dark grey
sandy paste. The outer surfaces are black in colour and well tooled.
Fig. 3. Foot ring with hollow base of dark sandy paste. ‘The outer
surface is rough.
Fig. 4. Similar to No. 2,
Fig. 5. Pedestalled base of black sandy pottery with well-tooled surfaces.
PraTE VIII.—Porrery.
Fig. 1. Portion of a vessel of dark grey sandy pottery with a rough
brown to black outer surface. ‘he inner surface shows parallel marks
which may have been caused by wiping it round with a wisp of grass. It
is high shouldered, and the rim is rounded and slightly everted. Diameter
at rim 54in.
Fig. 2. See Plate VII., ring base No. 4.
Fig. 3. Top portion of a vessel of reddish sandy pottery with a well-
tooled reddish brown outer surface. In places the pottery has been burnt
black. The rim is rounded and very slightly everted. There are two thick
vertically pierced eyelet handles on one side three inches from the top. At
first sight it appears as if the potter intended to make four handles but did
not complete more than two. It is probable that these two handles were on
the same side for the purposes of carrying the vessel on the back with a
cord through the handles and passing across the forehead. It may have
been carried pannier-fashion on a horse. I cannot find any example of a
similar pot. Diameter at rim 6#in.
Fig. 4. Horizontally pierced eyelet handle of dark brown sandy pottery
with rough surfaces. A similar handle was found at All Cannings.
Puate VIII.—Ossecrs or STONE.
A water rolled quartzite pebble, the shape of which is a rounded oval
with one side flattened (Plate VIII, Fig. 6). It is perforated in the centre.
The hole has been bored from opposite faces, tapers towards the middle,
and is double bell-mouthed. ‘The sides of the perforation have been ground
quite smooth and there are no signs of any preliminary “ pecking.” There
is evidence of use at both ends; the planes of the worn surfaces being at an
angle of 75° to the long axis of the pebble. It is very similar to a hammer
of quartzite found at Redgrave Park, Suffolk, and illustrated in Evans’
Ancient Stone Implements (Fig. 155). There are signs of polish caused by
wear, near the perforation. This was due to the method of hafting. The
shape of the hole makes it very unlikely that a stick was firmly fixed in it
without other aid. It is more probable that the stick was secured by pieces
of hide passing across the hammer. At any rate we can see from the signs
of wear on each side of both ends that the implement frequently came
Ake 2
478 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
away from its handle and that when it was re-hafted it was often turned
over. Length 116mm., breadth 73mm., thickness 85mm. ‘I'he external
diameters of the hole are both 25mm. amd that of the middle portion of
the perforation 16mm. The weight is 1530zs. This hammer was found at
a depth of 3ft. 8in. in Pit 8, and therefore is undoubtedly connected with
the village site. It is quite possible that it was picked up on the downs
and used by the finder, and that it is older than the pits. I cannot find
any other record of a perforated stone hammer having been found in con-
nection with relics of the Early Iron Age, although further excavations
may bring them to light. Mr. Reginald Smith considers it to be definitely
Neolithic.
Fuint Toots.
In spite of careful search very few flint tools were found. Two flint
loom weights, a few good specimens of hammer stones, two scrapers, and a
few flakes were jobtained. All these are slightly patinated. The flint.
scrapers from All Cannings are unpatinated. In the early Iron Age pits
at Winklebury General Pitt-Rivers found “quite a number of flakes.” A
few flint implements, including an arrowhead, were obtained at Glastonbury,,
and an arrowhead and many flint tools at Worlebury.
Scraper 1. A horseshoe-shaped scraper with steep end made from a thick
double ridged flake of cherty flint. It is patinated a greyish blue. A small
portion of the cortex remains. The edge has evidently been re-sharpened
and shows the characteristic short hinged flakings. There are several small
patches of gloss or sand polish.
Scraper 2. A small horsehoe-shaped scraper made from an external flake,
the bulb portion of which has been removed. It is patinated to the same
degree as No. 1 and shows very little signs of use.
A round ball of micaceous sandstone with a flat base (Plate VIITI., Fig. 5).
It shows signs of hammering all over and has probably been used as an
anvil for metal. Max. diameter six and three-tenths inches.
Querns. Upper portion of a high rotary quern of local green sandstone
(Plate VIII., Fig. 9). Flat top—lower surface concave. Diameter of
central hole 4in. Round hole, 24in. in diameter, for the handle, in the side.
Max. diameter of stone 154in. Max. thickness of stone 5éin.
Part of the upper stone of a rotary quern of green sandstone. Lower
surface concave. The central hole is bell-mouthed and measures 23in. in
diameter in its middle part. There is a groove fora handle on top. Max.
diameter of stone 16in. Max. thickness of stone 34in.
Portion of the top stone of a rotary quern of green sandstone with a central
hole and an oblique hole, round in section, for the handle on the top. The
stone shows signs of old breaks and the lower surface has been worn flat
and smooth by subsequent use as a rubber.
Portion of the top stone of a rotary quern of local green sandstone with a.
central hole. Lower surface slightly concave. Max. thickness, 6in.
Part of the upper stone of a rotary quern of green sandstone with concave
upper and lower surfaces. Max. thickness 54in.
A saddle quern of micaceous sandstone with a small fragment missing
{
I
by fC. C. Clay. 479
from one side (Plate VIII., Fig. 8). Upper surface hollowed and very
smooth. Max. length 1]4in. Max. width 8in. Max. thickness Zin.
A great quantity of broken saddle querns were found. At least ten were
discovered for every one piece of rotary quern. ‘The latter were all of the
high type and were unornamented.
A block of green sandstone measuring 12in. x 10in. Xx 44in. (Plate
VIII., Fig. 7.) ‘The under surface is naturally flat. The upper is scored
by scratches 4mm. wide. Some are straight and some are curved at one
end. They were probably caused by some sharp tool being drawn towards
the worker. It, is suggested that this is an illustration of the second stage
in the manufacture of a quern. After the scoring, the ridges may have
been knocked off by hammerstones. ‘lhe hammerstones found were made
of tertiary and quartzite pebbles and of flint. Five or six whetstones were
discovered. One was from the Portland stone at Chilmark, and the others
from the ferruginous sandstone at Westbury or Seend.
It was surprising to find in the pits so much stone that was foreign to
the site. Innumerable fragments of green sandstone were scattered about.
These must have been brought from Fovant, in the Nadder Valley and
carried by horses up the steep escarpment of the downs. Although the
distance would be only 24 miles, yet the difference in altitude is over 300ft.
Some of the pieces of Purbeck may have come from Teffont Evias (44 miles),
from below the Church at Fovant (33 miles), or from Chicksgrove, (44 miles).
In pit No. 105 there were on the floor two Jarge rectangular slabs of Purbeck
weighing about jcwt. each. They were probably used as seats. Several
pieces of Portland stone identical with that from Chilmark were obtained.
We do not know where they got the micaceous sandstone from. Mr. Dewey
identified some pieces of ferruginous sandstone from the lower greensand
as probably from Seend. This, then, is most likely the site of the iron ore
that was smelted at Fifield Bavant. We found some stratified plates of
natural iron ore. The raw material for the iron smelting at All Cannings
also came from the Westbury-Seend district. The sand that they used in
the paste for their pottery must have come from Fovant, and probably the
clay came from the same district. Pit No. 82 had a layer of pure clay lft. 6in.
deep lying above the bottom.
OpsECTS OF BRONZE.
A curl headed dress or hair pin of bronze, broken above the point and
bent in the shaft. ‘The object isnow 73mm. inlength. ‘There is no tapering
in the round shaft, which is 8mm. in diameter (Plate [X., No 7),
A small fragment of thin bronze with a small round rivet hole. Apparently
this is a portion of the bronze bordering of a scabbard. A similar object
was found in the pits at Worlebury.
An early consular Roman first brass coin. It is very much decayed and
cannot be identified. It was found in the turf over Pit No. 21.
Puate [X.—Osvects oF Bone.
BoNE NEEDLES.
Perfect bone needle tapering to pointed ends with an oval hole ina
480 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
flattened and expanded centre. Section of ends oval. Length 58mm.
Max. width 7mm. Eye much splayed on one side—evidently bored from
one side only. Four similar needles were found at Spettisbury, Dorset,
British Museum. (Pit No. 98.) (No. 11.)
Imperfect needle with rounded head, tapering to the point. Flat oval im
section; point missing. Eye oval. Length of fragment 29mm. Max.
width 6mm. Bored from both sides (Pit No. 70). (No. 9.)
Imperfect curved needle broken at the eye; top portion missing. Flat
in section. Eye apparently round. Length of fragment 56mm. Max.
width 6mm. Bored from one side (Pit No. 49). (No. 10.)
Imperfect needle highly polished. Broken at the eye and near the point.
The shaft enlarges towards the eye, which is circular. Section a flat oval.
Length of fragment 40mm. Max. width 8mm. Bored from both sides.
(Pit No. 8.) (No. 8.)
Perfect needle or bodkin of split bird bone, slightly curved with a roughly
squared head and tapering to the point.. It is unpolished but both surfaces
show many scratches. A round eye, bored from both sides is 23mm, from
the top. (Pit 91.) Length 101mm. Width at top 9mm. (No. 12.)
Puate 1[X.— Bone Comes.
Three weaving combs of antler and one of bone were found in four
separate pits. In each case they were associated with fragments of loom
weights. With one comb were five spindle whorls of chalk. This marked
association of combs with loom weights goes to prove that the older theory
that these combs were used in weaving was really well founded, as against.
the more recent suggestion that they had nothing to do with it.
Perfect antler comb, showing no signs of wear. ‘he teeth, ten in number,
of equal length, were evidently cut with asaw. Polished, tapering towards
a squared butt. No ornamentation except an incised line round the butt.
(Pit No. 36.) Length 110mm. Width at dentated end 34mm. Width at.
butt end 16mm. (Glastonbury Type 4.) A similar comb was found at
Ham Hill, Somerset. (No. 19.)
Imperfect polished comb of antler, having the remains of ten teeth. It
tapered towards the butt (now missing). Teeth cut withasaw, Ornamented
with two parallel incised lines close to the base of the teeth and incised
lines running down on either side of the long axis. (Pit No. 70.) Length
of portion 55mm. Width at base of teeth 33mm. (No. 17.)
Portion of a polished comb of antler which has been burnt and blackened
by fire. ‘The teeth, of equal length and parallel sides, show signs of use on
their under surfaces. They are separated by wide outer dental notches.
Eight teeth now remain. Close to the bases of the teeth are double incised
lines. Double zig-zag lines ornament the shaft. (Pit No. 104.) Length
of portion 50mm. (No. 18)
Portion of a weaving comb of bone. ‘The eight teeth are all broken.
Double incised lines close to the bases of the teeth. (Pit No. 98.) Length
of fragment 48mm. (No. 15.)
By Rk. C. C. Clay. 481
Pirate [X.—BonE AWLS.
Awl of split bird bone 67mm. long, slightly polished. (No. 6.)
Split bone awl 80mm. in length. (No. 16.)
Split bone awl, polished, 91mm. long. (No. 2.)
Finely-pointed awl of split bone, polished at the point. Length 98mm.
(No. 1.)
A bone point, unpolished.
Portion of the metacarpal bone of a sheep cut toa point. The articulating
surface remains. Length 40mm. Similar objects have been found at
Ham Hill (Site Co7) and at All Cannings. (No. 14.)
It is very probable that bone awls and needles were re-sharpened by
rubbing them against pieces of chalk. ‘The grooves on loom weights Nos.
L5 and L23 and on the piece of chalk Cl may have been caused in this
manner.
Puate [X.—Bone Gouaes.
Worked tibia of sheep or goat, with gouge-shaped point, 145mm. in length.
The epiphysis has been sawn off. A transverse perforation near the base.
Bored longitudinally. (Glastonbury Type C.) (No. 3.)
Metatarsal bone of sheep, polished all over, with gouge-shaped point.
Length 115mm. (approx.). It has been bored longitudinally and there is a
transverse:hole near the base. ‘he condyles have been cut off. (Glastonbury
Type Eor F.) (No. 4)
Metacarpal bone of a young sheep, the epiphysis missing. Cut to a
gouge-shaped point. A longitudinal hole has been commenced but not
completed. No transverse perforation. Probably an unfinished tool.
(No. 5.)
Portion of a bone gouge.
OpsEcts oF Rep DEER ANTLER.
Portion of an object of 113 mm. length made from a split tine of red deer.
It is cut and polished to a blunt point. Possibly a dagger. (Plate X. No. 2.)
Base of a shed antler; the brow and bez tines and the beam have been
sawn off. ‘There is a shallow hole in the middle of one face and a sawn
groove across the middle of the burr. Possibly an unfinished hammer.
(Plate X., No. 4.)
Portion of an antler of red deer, with the burr, brow, and bez tines and
the beam sawn off. There are many cut and tool marks on one face.
Bone Opsects or UNKNowNn USE.
A metacarpal of a sheep or goat, showing deep grooves on the lateral
surfaces near each end, (Plate X., No.3.) Similar objects have been found
at Meare (R. 9 and R. 45), and at All Cannings.
It has been suggested that they are handles for buckets. ‘There are two
objections to this theory: firstly, there is not room for an adult hand
between the grooves; secondly, the grooves appear to have been worn by
a to-and-fro motion of a thread or piece of hide and there is no wear on the
top surface of the bone. Mr. Reginald Smith suggests that they had some
connection with weaving.
482 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
End of a spatula-shaped object of polished bone. (Plate IX., No. 13.)
Gouge-shaped tool 148mm. in length, made from a metacarpal of an ox.
The cancellous tissue has been scraped sway and the bone shows signs of
wear in the middle of the sides.
Prateé XI.—Ossects or [Ron.
Fig. 1. A large curved knife with tang (Pit 18). The cutting edge is
convex—the back flat and concave. ‘The tang is straight, four sided and
has adhering to its upper half the remains of a wooden handle. ‘Total
length 82in.—length of blade 6in., maximum width one and seven-sixteenth
inches. The tip is blunted. A knife of similar shape but larger and with
a thinner blade was found at Glastonbury (1.100).
Fig. 2. An iron knife which has been coated with bronze (Pit 10). ‘The
blade shows signs of having been re-sharpened many times. Originally it
was slightly convex. The tip jis missing. The back rounded, and slightly
concave, is serrated by shallow, unevenly-spaced incisions. It could not
have been used as a saw. ‘The tang is quadrangular and imperfect. The
approximate length of blade is 43in., and its greatest width seventeen-
eighteenths inch. A bronze coated iron dagger, in the Milan Museum, was
found with a chariot-burial at Golasecca.
Fig. 3. The half of a pair of shears (Pit 2). The blade is 23in. long and
has a straight edge and a slightly convex back. The handle is flattened
laterally and expands towards the junction with its fellow on the opposite
side. Here it is thirteen-sixteenths inch wide, Near the blade its width
is three-sixteenths inch. Similar shears have been found at Woodcutts.
Dechelette places this type in La Tene II.
Fig. 4. An iron sickle with curved blade (Pit 27). The point and the
cutting edge are sharp. ‘l'wo wing shaped projections have been bent over
to form a socket and a tang-like prolongation of the body has been curved
up so that its point lies between the wings. Originally the tang was passed
through a hole in the wooden handle and then hammered upwards, and the
two wings were then brought over to grip the point of the shaft. No signs
of a handle remain. Width of sickle 27in., length 24in. Maximum width
of blade Zin. Iron sickles with sockets but without the curved tang have
been found at Rotherley and Woodcutts.
Fig. 5. A hinged bow brooch probably of Romano-British date. The
bow is a flat strap with a small catch: ‘The pin is hinged on an iron rivet.
Length of brooch 24 inches. Greatest depth of bow lin. Width of hinge
seven-sixteenths inch. It was found at a depth of lft. 7in. in Pit 35, 6in.
below a small fragment of human skull. It is possible that the ground
here has been disturbed by rabbits, as they always prefer earth that has
been ‘‘ moved”; or that a shepherd has at some time made a hole with his
bar for a stake, and that after the stake had been removed, the brooch,
which was lying against the side of the hole, fell in during frosty or rainy
weather. ‘l'here is no doubt that the brooch is of much later date than the
pits and has no connection with them. Over five or six pits, but never
deeper than lft. 6in., we have found a few small fragments of Romano-
British pottery and directly under the turf over Pit 25 a Roman Ist Brass.
Such could be found anywhere in the top soils of this piece of down, which
a — =
By BR. C. C. Clay. 483
is so close to the Romano-British villages in Cranborne Chase, and within
two miles of Monks’ Hole, Ebbesbourne Wake. General Pitt Rivers when
excavating, made it a rule to regard as belonging to a pit, only those objects
which were below the Ift. 6in. stratum. Several similar brooches have
been found at Ham Hill and at Woodcutts.
Fig. 6. A pin with ring head and flattened quadrangular neck, probably
used as alynch pin. ‘Total length 44in., length of head lin., width lin.
Dimensions of the hole 3in. and eleven-sixteenths inch. The neck is lin.
long, 4in. wide, and tin. thick. It lessens sharply to the shaft which is
23in. long. ‘There are signs of wear and a slight bend at the junction of
the shaft with the neck. (Pit 40.)
Fig. 7. An iron pin, the shaft of which has been bent round to form a
ring head. Widthofhead lin. Length of pin 34in. Average diameter tin.
The shaft is straight. (Pit 48.)
Fig 8. A straight pin of iron with a tapering point and a head formed
of a hemisphere above a sphere, in the shape of a Scotch thistle. Length
3tin. Average diameter of shaft gin. Diameters of spheres gin. A similar
pin was found at All Cannings Cross. ‘This is typical of the Hallstatt
period ; all the pins (5 or 6) in the British Museum cases from Hallstatt
being of this type. (Pit 87.)
Fig. 9. A tang with the remains of a handle of sawn antler tine. Jength
of tang 3in. It is tapering and of a flattened quadrangular shape in
section. Length of portion of antler one and seven-sixteenths inches,
diameter seven-sixteenths inch. The upper and lower ends have been sawn
off. On one sideare incisions resembling the letter A. Possibly the handle
was made in two parts and the lower half is missing. It may be a ferrule.
(Pit 91).
Fig. 10. A clamp or cleat of iron with one point bent inwards as if it
had been driven into a 3in. plank and then “clinted.” It is formed from a
flat strap shaped piece of iron. Length 24in., greatest width five-sixteenths
inch. Similar cleats were found at Woodyates and Woodcutts. (Pit 103.)
Fig 11. Aniron link. Wength 14in, width lin. (Pit 98.)
Fig. 12. A fragment of iron. A tang. (Pit 88.)
Fig. 13. A piece of iron with two rivets.
Fig. 14. Fragment of a tubular piece of iron.
SLING BULLETs.
Tertiary pebbles and natural flints, round or egg-shaped, were very com-
monly found in the pits. In fact it was unusual not to find at least ten in
every one opened. As many as thirty have been found in a small area,
Their length varies from 1 to 13 inches. Without doubt they were
collected and brought there ; and the only conclusion to be drawn is that
they were used as sling stones. Many waterworn pebbles of similar size
and shape were found at Worlebury and by Dr. Marsh in the pits at
Kegardun. ‘lertiary pepples are scattered here and there over the downs
around Fifield, but in very small numbers. One day I spent twenty
minutes in a large newly-tilled field on Prescombe Down searching for
sling stones. I found no Tertiary pebbles and only one natural flint ball
that could have been used. ‘The nearest locality where Tertiary pebbles
484 Anearly [ron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
are present in large quantities is Blagdon Hill, the south-eastward exten-
sion of the Pentridge Range. ‘This is distant seven miles from the village
site and is on the probable direct trade route to Hengistbury.
Six good and one poor specimen of artificial sling bullets were found (see
Plate XTT_).
Length.| Width. Weight.
ey | | i
1 | Baked Clay ae Sool Tim, Tyein. 361 grains
2} Chalk (Scorched) ... -- | 148in. 1,510 568 5
3) Chalk (Scorched) “<- Palle sie Iysin. 374 rr
Aa Chaiken pe 2 a) 12 ine |e
isla hails alert. a .--| 1s31n. 14 in 394 <n
67" Chalk’? ... ae ...| lyin, Jrsin. 307
Very many baked clay sling bullets were found at Glastonbury. ‘heir
average was :—length 1%in., width téin., and weight 339 grains. 4
T'he scorching of Nos. 2 and 3 may have been intentional in order to |
harden them. Unlike Nos. 4,5, and 6, the knife marks on them are very
plain. A similar degree of hardness can be obtained by holding a piece of
chalk of smooth surface in a very hot fire for 20 seconds. Nos. 3 and 5
were found in the same pit within one foot of each other.
_ A globular bal! of baked clay with a hole bored five-sixths of the way
through it (Plate X., No.6). Itis very symmetrical and it has a smooth
surface. A small fragment has been chipped off. It is probably the head
of an iron pin. Similar objects have been found at Glastonbury and All
Cannings.
Pirate XIJ.—Loom WeIGaHTs.
In 33 pits (336 % ) one or more fragments of loom weights were found on
or near the floor. They were never found in the upper parts. In many
cases the breaks appeared to be fresh and may have been caused by frost
just before the pits were filled in. Only one whole loom weight was found (Pit
99), but out of the different fragments about 20 more or less perfect have
been reconstructed. Altogether 51 specimens showing holes have been
preserved. Of these 1 is of baked clay, 39 of baked chalk, 9 of unbaked
chalk, and 2 of flint. The shape can be diagnosed in 37 specimens, but
many of them are very rough and by no means perfect examples of their
class. ‘he triangular are 16 in number, the roll-shaped 14, the pyramidal
4,and the oval 3. It is probable that the shape of the original lump of
chalk—the raw material—determined the shape of the finished article. In
districts where chalk was unobtainable, and clay was the substance used,
we find that the triangular forms of loom weights prevail. Possibly it is
easier to press out a flat surface of thick clay and to cut it up into isosceles.
triangles than to work a lump of clay with the hands into a roll-shaped
mass. On the other hand they may have found by experience that triangu-
lar weights with perforations at each angle were more efficient. At
Hunsbury only the triangular forms were found and all of them of baked
clay. The commonest form at Glastonbury was the triangular, and here
|
\
By f. C. C. Clay. 485
again clay was the usual raw material. In the British Museum Guide to
the Early Iron Age it is stated that in England the truncated pyramidal
form is the commonest.
The weights described as being made of burnt chalk are of almost stony
hardness and usually show black scorch marks on one or more surfaces. I
find by experiment that a similar degree of hardness can be obtained by
holding a piece of chalk, previously smoothed, in a very hot wood fire for 20:
seconds. This hardening in some cases may have been intentional, for
there is no doubt that the burnt loom weight is infinitely superior to the
friable article of plain chalk. Some of them may have been scorched by
the red hot ashes of the roof falling on to them. ‘lhis is suggested by L 21,
which was reconstructed from fragments. One split went transversely
through the middle and the opposing surfaces showed not only the hardness
consequent on the application of heat, but also black scorch marks. On
the other hand 10, or 476%, of the burnt weights having perfect holes
show abrasions caused by the warp threads, whilst 7, or 63%, of the un-
burnt weights show abrasions. ‘This may mean that the hardening before
use made signs of wear less frequent. It is very unlikely, however, that
any amount of use would have caused appreciable abrasion in a burnt chalk
weight ; and where a mark does occur, it was caused probably by use before
the hardening process took place. Burnt and unburnt fragments have been
found in the same pit; but I have looked without success for two frag-
ments of the same weight—the one burnt, the other unburnt. It is
interesting to note that in Pit 5! two chalk sling bullets, one burnt and
hardened and the other of natural chalk, were found within a foot of one
another.
Of the abrasions or signs of wear 35 % were on the upper margin of the
hole. ‘This shows that these weights hung vertically with the hole-end
uppermost. The remaining 65 %, with the holes worn at the bottom edge,
must have been inverted when in use. In the latter case it would have
been necessary to have some kind of band round the middle of the weight
to keep the warp threads close to the sides and to prevent the weight turn-
ing over. We find evidence of this in |, 30, which was slightly waisted and
also showed abrasions on the bottom lip of the hole, and in L 22, which had
no signs of wear at the hole (it was of burnt chalk), but had a groove round
the middle. ‘The fact that loom weights frequently show signs of wear at
the lower margins of the hole has been observed by Mrs. Cunnington at
All Cannings Cross.
A lump of chalk of convenient size was taken and perhaps hardened.
Then it was roughly shaped by means of a chisel 4-incb wide, in one case
the width ef the chisel used was 43-inch. IL 4 is an example of this stage-
| The mass was then smoothed, perhaps after being pounded all over to re-
move projecting points. I, 31 and L 35 are covered with small depressions
which could have been caused by blows froma hammerstone. The smooth-
ing of I, 21 was apparently done with a file. Tiles of iron have been found
_ at Glastonbury. The hole was then marked out by placing the thumb on
| One side and the index finger on the opposite face. Inthe majority of cases
_ the boring from opposite sides was done by some kind of brace and bit, in
| others the holes were roughly pecked out with a chisel on each side and
486 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
finished by boring from one side. Examples of this are L15 and L 48.
Chiselling alone without boring made the perforation of L 46. In no case
was the hole commenced and finished from one side. Occasionally the
boring from one side was not in the right direction and another attempt
was made. We see this in L 8 and L 22.
On one side of the top of L23 and on the bottom of L 5 are grooves
which could have been caused by sharpening a bone needle or awl. Knife
marks are visible on L 28 and L 34.
The commonest break by usage was through the hole. L 5 was broken ~
like this and a fresh perforation made 14in. further down. ‘The centre
of the original hole was usually 14 in. from the top of the weight,
although in IL 11 and L 20 it was 24 in.
The length of the complete weights varies from 53in. to 94in. and aver-
ages 7Z1n., the thickness from 14in. to 34in. and averages 2#in., and the
weight from 1 lb. 3 ozs. to 5 lbs. and averages 3 lbs. 7 ozs. A chalk loom
weight of 10 lbs. is in the Dorchester Museum.
The triangular weight of baked clay contains a few fragments of flint.
It had a hole through each corner but only one is now perfect.
Two loom weights, made from naturally-perforated blocks of flint, roughly
chipped into shape and with the projecting knobs and angles either chipped
off or blunted by “ battering,” are Tin. long X 5in. wide and 7in. long X 34in.
wide, and weigh 24lbs. and 1lb. 180z. respectively. A loom weight of
naturally-perforated flint was found at Casterley Camp, Wilts, and another
at Dampton Gap, Broadstairs.
Pits 10, 15, 46, 56, 69, 70, 81, 99, and 104 contained the most fragments
of loom weights. Six of these, 15, 56, 70, 81, 99, and 104, were the most |
prolific in wattle and daub. All these pits were productive of other relics.
A double cross is incised down one face of I 32. Possibly it was the
maker’s or owner’s stamp. In Devizes Museum is a chalk weight from
Westbury which has ‘‘a cross rudely incised on two opposite faces.”
A flat piece of chalk measuring Tin. X 4in., one face of which is rough.
The other is somewhat hollowed and bears many striations and a few deep
grooves. Such could have been caused by the sharpening of a bone needle
orawl. They are quite different from the scratches made by rabbits.
Puates XIII. and XIV.—SpinpLE WHORLS.
Under this heading will be described twenty-six objects, but probably
some of them were never used as such nor intended for such when completed.
The distaff to which the spindle whorls proper were attached would not
be of large diameter in cross section, and the straighter the perforation and
the less it was countersunk the more secure would be the fit. _ It is noticed
that the perforations of the objects come under two main categories :—
(a) Those which are bored from one side, are but slightly if at all
countersunk and are in the form of a straight cylindrical tube. (W 1.
W 2, W 3, W 6). See Plate XIII.
(6) Those which are markedly countersunk on both sides and are not
cylindrical in any part. (W 11, W 15, W 16). See Plates XIII. and
XIV,
By i CC. Clay. 487
Several varieties of these types occur. There is no doubt that those in
Category a could be more tightly fixed to the distaff and that those in
Category 6 would tend to fall off after a little use. If these people had to
rely on flint tools for this work we should have expected all the perforations
-to have been somewhat countersunk. But they had some kind of a bit or
centre-piece capable of drilling a clean straight hole from one side. ‘Therefore
if they had wished it they could have made all their whorls similar to those
in Category a, provided that each maker either possessed a bow drill or
could borrow one when required.
Mr. Balch and Mrs. Cunnington have suggested that the extreme examples
of Category 6 were used as breast pieces of drills, which, I think, we can
presume were bow drills. Asan example, the perforation of W 16 is in the
shape of two inverted cones, the apices of which just touch. The external
diameter is 12mm. on one face and 19mm. on the other, but where the
points of the cones meet the hole is only 2mm. wide. Besides, it shows
concentric circular scratches all over its sides, which were evidently caused
by some hard and sharp point.
Two whorls were found in Pit 60, three in Pit 105, and five in Pit 104.
Portions of loom weights were present in only 54 % of the pits which
contained whorls. In no case did we find any traces of wood remaining
in the holes.
(Plate XIII.) W 1. Whorl of weathered chalk, circular, straight sided
with slightly rounded edges. Upper surface convex, lower surface flat.
Hole bored from flat surface. A deep knife cut on the upper surface,
Diameter 55mm. Depth 27mm, Diameter of hole on upper snrface 9mm.
Diameter of hole on lower surface 15mm.
W 2. Circular whorl of weathered chalk with flat top and well rounded
sides. The lower portion is imperfect. Bored from one surface only.
Diameter 49mm. Depth 27mm. Diameter of hole on upper surface 11mm,
W 8. Whorl of weathered chalk, circular. Well rounded sides. Fragment
off one side. Bored from one side only. Diameter 43mm. Depth 20mm.
Diameter of hole on upper surface 8in. Diameter of hole on lower surface
8in.
W 4. Irregular whorl of burnt chalk, The hole bored from both sides.
Average depth 18mm.
W 5. Half a spindle whorl of chalk, originally circular. Parallel flat
surfaces, sides well rounded. Bored from both surfaces. Deep scratches
on both faces. Diameter 76mm. Depth 25mm.
W 6. Circular whorl of burnt chalk with smooth convex surfaces and
slightly roundedsides. Hole bored from one side. Diameter 49mm. Depth
3lmm. Diameter of hole on upper surface 10mm. Diameter of hole on
lower surface 10mm.
W 7. Chalk spindle whorl of circular shape. Slightly rounded sides
_ with flattish surfaces. Hole bored from two sides, somewhat countersunk.
The hole is not in the true centre. Diameter 35mm. Depth 16mm.
W 8. Half a whorl of chalk. Hole bored from two sides not central.
Marked by a scratch from a drill (?) on one side. Diameter 53mm. Depth
19mm.
W 9. Circular whorl of chalk. Upper surface convex lower surface
488 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
concave. Hole bored form two sides, countersunk on upper side. There
is a countersunk hole 15mm. deep in the middle. of one side. Diameter
66mm. Depth 32mm. Diameter of hole on upper surface 18mm. Diameter
of hole on lower surface 12mm.
W 10. Chalk spindle whorl which has been cut into a roughly circular
shape. Both surfaces flat. Hole countersunk and bored from both sides.
Diameter 35mm. Depth 14mm. Diameter of hole on upper surface 13mm.
Diameter of hole on lower surface 11mm.
W 11. A roughly circular whorl] of chalk, slightly weathered. Surfaces
slightly smoothed. ‘The hole, which is bored from both surfaces shows
many concentric circular scratches inside, is much countersunk and is not
central. Diameter 73mm. Depth 22mm.
W 12. Whorl of chalk—roughly circular with flattish surfaces. Counter-
sunk hole bored from two sides. Diameter 22mm. Depth8mm. Diameter
of hole on upper surface 9mm. Diameter of hole on lower surface 8mm.
W 12a. Whorl of chalk of irregular shape. A neck has been intentionally
cut on one side as if for suspension. Knife marks are visible on both
surfaces. The hole is not central, is countersunk, and is bored from two
sides. Diameter59mm. Depth18mm. Diameter of hole on upper surface
18mm. Diameter of hole on lower surface 14mm.
W 13. An unfinished whorl of chalk of irregularly circular shape. A
central hole has been commenced on both sides but is unfinished. Surfaces
flat—one smoothed and striated. Edges slightly rounded. Diameter
55mm. Depth 14mm.
W 14. Half a ring of weathered chalk with flat surfaces and rounded
sides. The hole, which has been bored from;two surfaces, is too large for
a spindle or distaff. Diameter 65mm. Depth 9mm. Diameter of hole on
upper surface 29mm. Diameter of hole on lower surface 28mm.
W 15. An unsmoothed whorl of chalk, the shape of which is that of an
irregular circle. There are striations on both surfaces. A countersunk
hole has been bored from two sides. Diameter 100mm. Depth 32mm. |
(Plate XIV.) W 16. A whorl of chalk, roughly circular in shape, both |
surfaces convex, the sides well rounded. It has been cut into shape. The
hole has been bored from two sides and tapers evenly towards the middle,
where it is 2mm. in diameter. Many well marked concentric circular
scratches on the sides of the perforation. It was probably used as the
breast piece of a drill. Diameter 55mm. Depth 28mm. Diameter of the
hole on upper surface 12mm. Diameter of the hole on lower surface
19mm.
W 17. An irregular piece of chalk with a hole commenced but not |
completed on both surfaces. The holes do not oppose. They are not |
circular and appear to have been caused by a semi-rotary movement. ‘The |
upper and lower surfaces and sides are rough. Probably the breast piece |
ofadrill. Diameter 68mm. Depth 19mm. |
W 18. A flattened disc of weathered chalk. Surfaces rubbed and much |
striated. Two small shallow holes on one face, neither of which are central.
Diameter 67mm. Depth 20mm.
W 19. An irregular piece of chalk, slightly smoothed. The holeis bored |
By h. C. C. Clay. 4389
from two sides, is not central, and is countersunk. Probably a weight or
amulet. Greatest length 78mm. Greatest depth 29mm.
W 20. An irregular piece of chalk showing many deep scratches as if
gnawed by adog. Greatest length 64mm. Greatest depth 27mm.
W 21. A circular disc of weathered chalk. One surface is hollowed and
shows very many minute pit marks around the centre, the other is roughly
flattened. ‘The sides are slightly rounded. It appears to have been held
with the flat surface in the palm of the hand and used to push a needle
through a stiff piece of leather. A modern sail maker uses a similar object
of leather and iron called a palm. Chalk is too friable for it to have been
used as an anvil. The pit marks, if caused by the end of a bow drill would
have been localised at the centre. Diameter 89mm. Depth 26mm.
W 22. A hemispherical piece of weathered chalk with a depression in
the centre of the flattened surface. Probably the breast piece of a drill.
Diameter 48mm. Depth 40mm. Diameter of depression 10mm.
W 23. A spindle whorl made from the head of a femur of a young ox.
The perforation is central and fusiform. Most of the cancellous tissue has
been removed. (Pit 8). Similar whorls have been found at All Cannings,
Honeystreet, Rotherley, Woodcuts, Worlebury, Hunsbury, Newstead,
Wookey Hole, Glastonbury, and London. Diameter 39mm. Depth 23mm.
W 24. A cotton reel shaped whorl of dark brown pottery containing
mica but no flint. A central hole is bored from both sides. Diameter
~—~632mm. Depth 32mm.
W 25. A piece of dark brown pottery, roughly circular in shape with a
central perforation bored from both faces. Probably a spindle whorl.
Greatest diameter 40mm. Thickness 6mm.
Human REMAINS.
At a depth of lft. 6in. in Pit 5 was found a portion of a human skull
_(4in. X 4in.), comprising parts of the occipital and the two parietal bones,
and fragments of scapula and tibia. The skull is 5mm. thick and has been
broken through the sutures. All these bones have been badly gnawed by
dogs or wolves.
A piece of human skull was found 1ft. deep in Pit 35.
A crouched burial was discovered in Pit 80, 2ft. 6in. below the surface.
It was lying on the left side, with the head to the north-east and the feet
to the south-west. ‘he hands were under the chin. The hip and knee
joints were fully flexed and the legs crossed just above the ankles. The
spine was bent concavely forwards. ‘The bones were very brittle and
decayed. Several large flints had crushed the skull beyond hope of restora-
tion. The femora were bent in the middle and the necks made wide angles
with the shafts. As a whole the bones are slight and the muscular ridges
small and ill marked. It was probably the skeleton of a young woman.
The tibize measured Ift. 24in. each. From this one can estimate the height
of the person to have been 5ft. 54in. There was no regular cist and no
| relics with the skeleton, which was in the top layer of the pit proper and
/ was probably buried after the pit had been filled in. General Pitt Rivers
considered that the many burials in the upper layers of the pits at Woodcutts
490 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
and Rotherley were so placed because the persons who made the graves
realised that their work would be easier if they dug into the loose soil of a
filled-in pit. In some cases they had dug beyond the “ moved ” soil.
At the time of the burial the body must have been scarcely covered with
earth. ‘This lack of respect suggests that the deceased was a stranger or an |
enemy. . In the case of a raid by hostile parties the women would naturally
be the chief victims. They would be unarmed and incapable of any effective
resistance, and unprotected if the men were out hunting or trading. Raids
would be planned to take place at such times as the village was empty of
its fighting men. This theory has been advanced by Prof. Macalister to
explain the undue preponderance of the skulls of women and children in
the Azilian deposit in the Greater Ofnet Cave.
A human skull without the lower jaw or the rest of the skeleton was
found at a depth of 4ft. 2in. in Pit 102. It was lying amidst a mass of very
large flints, which had smashed it (see report by Professor Sir A. Keith
below).
On the floor of Pit 105 was lying a cup or scoop made from a complete
frontal bone. ‘The left-hand edge has become curved and smooth by wear,
as is to be expected if this scoop was held in the right hand and the
prominent brow or supraorbital ridges used fora grip. It averages 8mm.
in thickness. (Plate X., 1.)
Pieces of skull with similar worn edges have been found at All Cannings.
Drinking cups made from portions of the vaults of human skulls were
found in the cave of Placard (Charente). These were shaped by grooving |
the bones with a flint tool and then breaking off the projecting angles. The
frontal ridges were not preserved (L’anthropologie XX., 1909 page 528).
The prominence of the brow ridges is a feature also of the skulls found
at the Worlebury Pits.
My thanks are due to Mr. Herrington and Mr. Best, past and present
owners of the site, for permission to excavate, to Mr. and Mrs. Cunnington
for valuable help and advice, to Professor A. H. Biffin, Professor Sir Arthur
Keith, Mr. Wilfrid Jackson, M. Sc., Mr. A. H. Lyell, F.S.A., and to Mr.
H. Dewey, F.G.8., for their reports, to Mr. C. W. Pugh, for his excellent
drawings of the iron, bone, and chalk objects, to Mr. W. Young for the |
photographs of the pottery and loom weights, and to Mr. Stephen Kerley |
for his skilful assistance in the excavation of the site.
By kh. C. C. Clay. 491
INDEX TO PLATES.
Plate I. See page 459.
Plate IT. See pages 469, 470.
Plate ITT. See page 471.
Plate IV. Fig. 1 see page 473. Fig. 6 see page 474,
Fig. 2 a 473. Fig. 7 * 474,
Fig. 3 of 473. Fig. 8 es 474.
Fig. 4 ms 473. Fig. 9 f 474,
Fig. 5 mi 474, Fig. 10 ‘ 474,
Plate V. Fig. 1 ‘ 474. Miles Pe AWS.
Fig. 2 i 474, Fig. 6 i Aion
Fig. 3 4p 475. Fig. 7 9 475.
Fig. 4 5 475, Fig. 8 a 475.
Plate VI. Fig. 1 a: 475. Fig. 8 . 476.
Hipey ag ei ATS, Bie 90) 0. | 476:
Fig. 3 i: 475. Fig. 10 7 476.
Wie 7 a7 Kiet. wre 476
Bien 5°: ATG. Fig. 12°. 3)" 476.
Fig. 6 3 476. Fig. 13 - 476.
/ Fig. 7 . 476.
Plate VII. Rim Types see page 476.
Ring Bases see page 477.
| Plate VIII. Fig. 1 see page 477. Fig. 8 see page 478.
Fig. 2 ef 477, Fig. 9 . 478.
Fig. 3 m 477, Fig. 10 - 459,
Mig en Parr Bigg e459)
Kis. 6 4," 498, Higa 459)
Fig. 6 mi AT Fig. J3 is 459.
Fig. 7 ng 479.
Plate IX. Fig. 1 “ 481. Fig. 10 Ms 480,
Fig. 2 54 481. Fig. 11 ms 479,
Fig. 3 A 481, Fig. 12 . 480.
Fig. 4 481, Fig. 13 ¥ 482,
Fig. 5 5) 481, Fig. 14 A 481.
Fig. 6 * 481. Fig, 15 i 480.
Fig. 7 ‘ 479, Fig. 16 . 481.
Fig. 8 Bs 480. Fig. 17 A; 480.
| Bigg 90>. 45,2) 480) Peel Si) 480)
| Fig. 19 “ 480.
Plate X. Fig. 1 ‘ 490, Fig. 4 _ 48].
| Fig. 2 f 481. Fig. 5 - 461 (tuyére).
Fige3?. ,, )’ 480 Hine 65, 8) 48a.
| VOL. XLII.—NO. CXL. 2 L
|
492 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
Plate XI. See pages 482, 483.
Plate XII. See pages 484, 485, 486.
Plate XIII. Fig. W. 1 see page 487. Fig. W. 12 see page 488.
Fig. W. 6 i 487. Fig. W. 12a __,, 488.
iii tiene. 487. Fig. Weloce. 488.
Hig Weg Ve a. 467. Figs. W149 +486.
Hise 10) ea vueeAss: Fig W.15 ,, 488.
Bios Weld Gate ase,
Plate XIV. Fig. W.16 - 488, Fig. W. 20". 489.
Fig W.17 S488. Fig. W.21 ,, 489.
Fig, W.18 ,, 488. Fig. W.23 ,, 489.
Fig. W.19 ,, 488. Fig. W.24 ,, 489.
REPORT ON THE ANIMAL REMAINS FOUND AT THE VILLAGE SITE AT
FIFIELD BAVANT.
By J. Witrrep Jackson, M.Sc., F.G.S.
The various animal remains from the above site sent to me for examination |
by Dr. R. C. C. Clay consist of the bones and fragmentary skulls of several |
domestic species and of one or two wild forms. They are of interest in |
connection with the remains obtained in recent years at All Cannings Cross, |
Wilts, by Mrs. Cunnington. At this latter locality the age of the remains ~
was proved by the presence of Halstatt pottery, and it is interesting to find —
that the present collection contains exactly the same forms of domestic |
animals as All Cannings Cross. . |
The animals represented are :—Celtic Pony, Celtic Ox, Sheep, Pig, and |
Dog. There is also one odd bone which may be referable to Goat. The |
wild animals consist of small forms only, viz., Polecat, Weasel, and Water |
Vole. The Fox may be represented also by two bones. A few bird-bones |
are included in the collection. There is an entire absence of the remains of |
Deer, but this animal was only sparingly present at All Cannings Cross.
Horse (Celtic Pony). The remains of this animal consist of a few |
cannon-bones and three fragments of lower jaws. The cannon-bones |
indicate small-sized animals of the Exmoor Pony type, of 114 to 123 hands |
in height. One fragment of lower jaw is that of a male animal ; another |
is that of a female; the third is too imperfect to be sure of thesex. These |
agree closely with the All Cannings Cross remains and with the Exmoor |
Pony. :
Celtic Ox. Two imperfect skulls, three horn-cores, a lower jaw and a |
few limb-bones are referable to Oxen. One of the skulls consists of the |
frontals with short, somewhat flattened, horn-cores, and shows a notched |
occiput. It agrees exactly with two of the All Cannings Cross skulls. |
The other skull consists of the frontals from which the horn-cores have been |
broken. It possesses a notched occiput and is slightly larger than the first- |
mentioned. The three horn-cores are quite typical of Bos longzfrons, and |
the lower jaw agrees with others referred to this animal from All Cannings |
, |
i
1
i
By k. C. C. Clay. 493
Cross, Glastonbury, etc. It possesses the normal six cheek-teeth. One of
the limb- bones (a metacarpal) is smaller than any from All Cannings Cross,
but the other bones (metatarsals) agree closely.
SHEEP. The bones of this animal are not numerous. ‘There are several
very young bones in the collection, as well as a number belonging to adult
animals. They all agree very closely with similar remains from All Cannings
Cross. Four young horn-cores are present, but these are too immature for
diagnosis.
Pic. This animal is represented by two imperfect lower jaws with teeth,
also by one canine and one incisor. They belong to the All Cannings Cross
form—the “ Torfschwein” of the Swiss Lake Dwellings.
Dog. <A few limb-bones and a skull and lower jaws complete are referable
to this animal. The skull is of the same general type as the example found
at All Cannings Cross, but is slightly narrower across the head. The limb-
bones do not call for special mention.
Goat? A single metacarpal bone may belong to this animal. It appears
to be too robust for the sheep of this period.
Pouecat. A perfect skull and lower jaw, quite typical of the species, is
present in the collection.
WEASEL. This animal is represented by a perfect skull.
WateER Vote. This is represented by a skull, two left rami of the lower
jaw, and a few limb-bones. Similar remains were found at All Cannings
Cross and at Glastonbury.
Fox? Two limb-bones are referred to this animal on account of their
small size. ;
Brrp-Bonrs.—A few bird-bones are present in the collection, some of
which may belong to the Raven.
REPORT ON THE CEREALS. By Professor R. H. BIFFen.
The material examined consisted of about 7 litres of grain washed out
from the mass in which it was originally found. The grain, though com-
pletely carbonised, was in a good condition of preservation. It consisted
almost entirely of wheat and barley in roughly equal proportions.
The wheat was mainly in the form of separate grains, but a search through
the whole mass resulted in finding some seventy spikelets in a more or less
whole condition (Plate XV., fig. 2). These spikelets were invariably two-
grained. The enveloping chaff had broken away to a great extent, but it
persisted as a rule at the base of the spikelets. So resistant was it that a
number of the paired bases of the empty glumes were found mixed up with
the loose grain (Plate XVI., fig. 1). ‘The bases of the glumes were rounded
and practically keelless. No perfect apices of the glumes have yet been
found. The grain was characterised by the flatness of the grooved surface,
by a somewhat pointed base, and great variation in size (Plate XV., fig. 1).
At first this variation in size was thought to indicate the presence of more
than one kind of wheat, but further examination made it clear that the small
grains were the produce of small spikelets from the tops of the ears. Two
spikelets only showed any remains of the rachis—one a perfect basal spindle,
the other part of one.
Pata Gane
494 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
All of these characteristics point unmistakeably to the wheat belonging
to the group 7’rzticum dicoccum or Emmer.
The grains of barley (Plate XVII., fig.1) were well preserved and in the
majority of them the interesting palez still remained. They formed a fine
well-grown sample, which, judging from the wrinkling of the grain coats,
had ripened perfectly. The variationin the size of the grain indicated that
the type was asix-rowed one, and final proof of this was given by the finding
of several fragments of the ears still carrying the characteristic groups of
three grains (Plate XVII., fig. 1). Fragments of the ear-stalk confirmed the
view arrived at from the shape of the grain that the ears were of the dense
type. By estimating the proportion of large, straight grain, to smaller,
slightly-twisted grain it was found that the barley consisted of a six-row
form only. It belonged to the group Hordeum hexastichum.
Mixed with the wheat and barley were a small number of oat grains
preserved so extraordinarily well that some of them retained their strongly-
developed dorsal awns (Plate XVIII., fig. 2). The outer palez, too, were
frequently perfect, or if partially destroyed the nerves persisted in a fringe
round the caryopsis. ‘The thinner inner palez had, however, disappeared
as a general rule. The grains were small, apparently two to each spikelet, and
_ so tightly gripped by the palez that no naked caryopses could be found in the
whole sample. The size and shape of the caryopsis made it clear that these
were cultivated and not wild oats, the shape indicating that they belonged
to the loose-panicled group, Avena sativa.
The bulk of grain was fairly free from weed seeds. So far the only
examples met with have been seeds of two species of Bromus, namely
B. sterilisand B. mollis (Plate XVIII., fig. 3). The investing pales of these
had disappeared completely, leaving only the naked caryopsis, The
spine-like shape of the former and the flattened barge-like shape of the
latter made the identifications certain. = ¥
I don’t know of any description of Roman or pre-Roman oats. But I have
specimens from the Lake Dwelling sites at Meare, near Glastonbury. These
have lost their paleze almost entirely and caneiat of little more than naked
grains. Your specimens are amazingly good. But why the chaff has
persisted so whilst that of the wheat has disappeared to such an extent is
puzzling. The grain has shrunk a good deal in carbonizing. But I think
it would be safe to say that, as far as size goes, the wheat and barley were
originally about the same as their modern counterparts. The oats were
smaller. :
REPORT ON A SKULL FROM THE ANCIENT VILLAGE SITE NEAR FIFIELD
Bavant, Wiis, oy La Tene I. pars.’
By Sir ArtHur Keiru, M.D., F.R.C.S., L.L.D., Conservator of the
Museum, Royal College of Surgeons, England.
There are no skulls of prehistoric England which anthropologists wish to | .
1 The five drawings of the skull on Plates XXIV. and XXV. are all reduced |~
to 3 linear from accurate full-sized drawings prepared under Sir A. Keith’s | ~
supervision. ,
"UMO(T URAL P[OYIY “padoqsad 41g Sur[jem(] Jo uoloos9—'T o9rIg
Pep SPC
MVULS SNIT suOL
f
PEELED EM LLL
SSF Ee SS
Oo3d j\
|
LoS SSHIMUUE Ssour
Se PSS gHoMeUe ONILYITUY,
Rae ‘OSS.
=>)
$swyD Gzuc << eee
Bes aS CEs Gnva
Plate II.—Sections of Pits. Fifield Bavant Down.
9 77
FEET
Plate III.—Sections of Pits. Fifield Bavant Down.
1
6
ttery
Plate IV.—Po
2
3
yi
ate VI.—Potter
|
Plate VIII.—Pottery,
Stone, Wattle and Daub, &c.
2
3
as
SS ae ~
Sie So =
0. 7 Bronze). 4
(N
Objects of Bone
IPlaie ID =
AIEEE “0
FG hi = uae ia
i a Naess i Me
gy = Ny Le
ta oe Wy)
Ve ws USS \, W fi
Yh) terve ~~ &\ ») Nite
BFP ge OA
(RORY %, a
NANO
AN
SS
4 Hii
LF
SSS
if “up hig Dy Ne ‘ Ni N if
i) fir DTI ES Ie « ) ‘ \ th
fi Way SS We ee i
hI \ Me
| p)
=
a
SS
SS
=
<=
ft
iy ah, ULL
/, af A(t any Ay
ONS 2
—
Ss
lituar
"Ghz \
i, AY AAR AA, i]
AN NK PHOS EN ti
AON ANI
1G fale ty in NY “ae 5 par Pre Ae (
f ee we Ss Wi Y fi y i We Af LCS 1.
. Ns PY WE
WZ iC
{
}
‘
ae re RS
[ =
ae
‘
jh
WD
p
yi
Nir
_ Plate X.—Objects of Horn and Bone.
— ae
SS
x
WS
Ad
{y
We
Plate XI.—Iron Objects,
a
2
Plate XII.—Loom
Weights, Sling Bullets, &e.
ih a Viyg
Ve, iy ag
Us Wt
i 18 ay i) ANE \ Za)
yO Nf RSE
ea) ‘LF fa: VJ) we aa
Cn LAs pe
V5;
fe
cz,
ae
: ‘
Plate XIII.—Spindle Whorls, &c., of Chalk. 4
&e.
Discs and Spindle Whorls of Chalk,
+,
J
ate XIV 6
Ta
Fig. 2.
Plate XV.—Emmer Wheat (Zriticwm dicoceum) from Pits on Fifield Bavant
Down.
Fig. 1.—Representative sample of grain -
| Fig. 2.—Spikelets of Emmer. A specimen in centre retains its spindle, a
: 1
rare occurrence, —
Plate XVI.—Emmer Wheat from Pits on Fifield Bavant Down.
Fig. 1.—Isolated glumes. ~ Fig. 2—Spikelets minus the glumes.
Plate X VII.—Six Row Barley (Hordeum hexastichum) from Pits on
| Fifield Bavant Down.
Fig. 1.—Fragments of ears. Fig. 2.—Representative samples of grain. —
<r]
a) ties Ps
Plate X VIII.—Oats, &c., from Pits on Fifield Bavant Down.
Fig. 1.—Well: preserved Oats, specimens showing the paleze - Fig, 2.—Oats,
showing persistent strongly developed awn (enlarged). -Fig. 3—Grass Seedi
Bromus sterilis (long), B. mollis (short) - |
Plate XXIV.—Skull from Fifield Bavant Pits. —
3
Vig. 1.—Profile set within a standard frame of lines.
Kig. 2.—From the front.
Plate XX V.—Skull from Fifield Bavant Pits.
Fig. 3—From above. Fig. 4.—From behind. Figs 5 & 6—The facial
fragment from the front and from the palatal aspect.
By k.C. C. Clay. 495
find and examine so much as those belonging to the centuries which precede
the landing of the Romans. English skulls of the Roman period we know
in plenty, and so far as those of the east and south are concerned most of
them conform to a certain well-recognized type. But whether or not the
people to whom such skulls belonged came as Roman settlers or represent
pre-Roman natives of England, we are still uncertain. Hence the im-
portance of skulls, such as the present one, which can be assigned to a pre-
Roman date. For this reason I enter somewhat fully into the nature of
the cranium sent to me by Dr. R.C. C. Clay. In 1921 the late Mr. Reginald
Hooley, of Winchester, presented to our Museum the complete skeleton of
a man, obtained from a pit-grave at Worthy Down—a grave cut somewhat
after the manner of Cretan rock-tombs and which was regarded by Mr.
Hooley as dating from La Tene times. The skeleton lay on its back with
limbs folded—in the crouched position. The skull of this Worthy Down
man conforms in type to the one sent to me by Dr. Clay and both depart
from what is regarded as typical of the Romano-British skull.
The skull, which is the subject of the present note, is wanting in all its
basal parts, and there is only a part of the upper jaw and nose to represent
the face. Although the sexual characters are somewhat indecisive, yet
they are certainly more masculine than feminine; and we may safely con-
clude it is that of a man about 50 years of age; so I judge from the state of
the sutures. Its condition of preservation is in favour of its antiquity soit
has that light grey colour which bones take on when long preserved in a
chalky soil ; the bone of this cranium rings like thin china when struck.
The dimensions of the skull are below those of the average modern
Englishman, as will be seen from the measurements and from the profile
and full-face drawings which are set within lines which correspond to the
dimensions of a common type of English skull. Its cubic capacity,
estimated by the application of the Lee-Pearson formula, is 1380 c.c.—about
100 e.c. under the mean capacity of English male skulls. Its maximum
length is 182mm., its greatest, width 136mm.; the proportion of width to
length 74°8—a skull at the upper end of the scale of the long or dolicho-
cephalic form. The highest point of the roof—situated well back on the
_ parietal (Fig. 1), is 117 mm. above the ear passages; the bregma only 112mm.
It will be seen that the roof of the skull rises rapidly as it passes behind
the bregma and then sinks abruptly further back as it declines to the lambda
—a feature which I think will be found to be characteristic of South English
skulls of the late Celtic period. The same feature is to be seen in many
skulls dredged from our river-beds, especially from the Mortlake reach of
the Thames, where posts of old pile-dwellings occur. The same feature is
also seen in many skulls from the Swiss lake dwellings. This feature was
also noticed in the skull from Worthy Down. The occiput cannot be
described as flattened as in English skulls of the Beaker period and yet it
has not the projecting cap-like occiput of the typical long-barrow skull.
The supra-orbital ridges are highly developed ; for instance, if the length
measurement be made from the forehead above the level of the ridges above
the orbits, the total is 4mm. short of the maximum length. The forehead is
narrow,its minimum width is only 89mm. (Fig. 2),it is somewhat receding and
496 An early Iron Age Site on Fifield Bavant Down.
the upper part of the forehead seems elevated and peculiar in shape. This is
due to a remarkable thickening of the frontal bone on and above the
frontal eminences. Along the roof of the skull, and on its sides, the
thickness of bone varies from 3mm. to 5mm., but at the above-mentioned
areas of the frontal bone the thickness is 8mm., the additional substance
having been laid down, not on the inner, but on the outer surface of the skull.
I have seen this peculiar formation in other skulls and suspect it may arise
from some deficiency in diet during youth. The maximum width of the
frontal bone is 118mm ; the width from end to end of the supraorbital ridges.
100mm. ; the width at the base of the mastoid processes 131mm. ; between
the posterior inferior angles of the parietal bones, 115mm. ; the width just
below the parietal eminences 134mm. The frontal bone forms a larger
part of the vault of the skull than the parietal; the arc of the frontal
is 180mm., its chord 114mm., the arc of the parietal 120mm., its chord
106mm.
The shape of the skull as seen from above is represented in Fig. 3, and
its posterior proportions in Fig. 4. |
The size and form of face, the chief grounds on which a diagnosis of race —
can be made, have to be inferred from the characters of the fragment shown
in Figs. 5, 6, and the comparison of these fragments with skulls in which ©
the face is intact. The palate is represented in Fig. 6. All the upper |
teeth had been present at death, save one, the first upper molar, which had |
been lost from a gumboil occurring at its roots. All the other teeth are |
healthy and worn, so that the denture is exposed and excavated on their |
chewing surfaces. The front teeth are not so much ground down, but they —
met, as in ancient fashion, edge to edge. ‘The palate, although not con- @
tracted, nor the teeth in any way irregularly placed on it, yet does show the |
tendency to narrowing and lengthening which are such prevalent features |
in our present population. ‘The width between the outer surfaces of the |
upper canines is 38mm.; between the corresponding surfaces of the second |
molars 62mm. ; but the length of the palate is proportionally great, 51mm.
We have to deal with a man showing the narrow sharp face and features so |
common in modern England. The bizygomatic width of the face I estimate
to have been about 134mm.—rather prominent cheek bones; the width |
measured between the lower ends of the malo-maxillary junctions, 90mm. |
The length of the upper face is about 66mm.—rather short; the length (or |
depth) of the nose 48mm. ; its width 24mm.—a rather short nose of average |
width. It is to be noted that the sill of the nasal opening is not marked |
by a sharp ridge of bone; there is still a trace of the primitive nasal gutter. |
The type of face and also brain chamber, seen in this skull, are very |
common in England still. What the prevailing cranial form was in Southern
England in the last millenium B.C. must still remain undecided until |
further evidence has been gathered. From the evidence at my disposal £ |
find it difficult to believe that the prevailing cranial form of Southern and |
Eastern England in the period of the Roman oecnparion represents a race |
introduced by the Romans. :
4
4
~
»
I NZAO SS
* \ XG SS
\ 4 OGN fe,
; d a BQ One “Sa
: Se XG 3),
; SCALE OF YARDS . mex Ae ea eae:
. Ayr, . ‘
/ 2 200 coy) Be * e
j. so tee RK ‘BA! « \' Forty
(
§
!
{
\
|
t Z
] Sea)
pees a aes meh i
I a ws f
Co U
ee we
ga nv A Za v ‘
TREten NM Ws \
Oo ie) Y K E \
/ Ere, :
5 : “A2.
home Sh
S if Stony Patch’
/
. ¢
SECTIONS OF SILTED DITCH FROM THREE TRENCHES. C Taencnes avo Orn Bana’
o 5° te’ 65! 26
Encargeo ScaAce
SECTION OF SILTED DOVBLE DITCH ' IN TRENCH C1
SE SAE ae Dine NoWwinton as aiie Viens ae. xs"
o men a ape LS = wa SS — o>
SS LIES AS SN SEE
< NECTRIe ie a SI Pa a) 2
ERE San EUV BASE OF RAZED BANK =
a JX “ Os FRETS
ASS OS”
TIT oe a
497
WANSDYKE. REPORT OF EXCAVATIONS ON ITS LINE
BY NEW BUILDINGS, NEAR MARLBOROUGH.
By ALBANY F. Magor, O.B.E., F.S.A.
The disappearance of Wansdyke near New Buildings, some five or six
furlongs west of Savernake Forest, has long been a puzzle, but for at least
the last hundred years and more it has been accepted as a fact. The course
of the dyke was examined and described by Sir R. Colt Hoare rather over
a hundred years ago, and subsequent writers have for the most part been
content to follow him without question. He tells how the dyke
‘“‘emerges from Manton Wood into a road leading from Marlborough
to Hewish Hill, and pursues an eastern direction across it. In the first
arable field, its ridge has been considerably levelled by the plough ; but
shortly afterwards it presents a bold agger, covered with wood; passes
to the south of two small plantations of larch trees, across a green drove
way, then enters a large arable field, continuing to preserve its wild
character, being covered with wood. Having pursued it with success
across three other large fields, we came to a sudden check, and com-
pletely lost all trace of the object of our pursuit, at a spot near Ivy’s
farm. This abrupt termination may, with some degree of plausibility,
be accounted for, by the original state of this country, and the im-
practicability of carrying so largea work through thick forest; for such
it probably was in former times, and such it still continues at a short
distance to the eastward of the field where Wansdyke terminates so
very unaccountably.” Ancient History of North Wiltshire, vol. IL.. p. 30.
The road referred to is the one now called the Pewsey Road, and by
Manton Wood Sir R. Colt Hoare apparently meant what is now called
Gore Copse. The present Manton Coppice is wholly off the line of
Wansdyke. Neither this nor Gore Coppice now extend to the Pewsey
Road, nor have they done so for over forty years, according to Smith’s
“Map of a Hundred Miles round Avebury,” which is dated 1884, whatever
may have been the case in Colt Hoare’s time. Smith’s map gives “Ivy’s
Farm” as an alternative name for the present Wernham Farm, and the larch
plantations have disappeared. Apart from these changes the above description
might almost stand for a report of the conditions to-day. Since Colt Hoare’s
time it has always been taken for granted that the course of Wansdyke was
actually interrupted at the point where it now disappears and that the bank
and ditch never continued through Savernake Forest.!
The writer, however, was not satisfied that this view was correct, and his
doubts were strengthened by Mr. H. C. Brentnall’s discovery of a bank
and ditch in the line of the dyke running up to the forest across a field
1Tt is worth noting, however that if Wansdyke, by New Buildings, is
shown correctly in Colt Hoare’s map, it extended some 150 yards further
east than at present. But the map is on a very small scale and is not always
accurate.
498 Hacavations on Wansdyke.
immediately to its west.! Trial excavations were accordingly undertaken
in September, 1923, to see if any sign of a connecting ditch could be found
here. Permission for the work was obtained and preliminary investigations
and arrangements on the spot made by Mr. Brentnall. In the course of
these he observed a “ drought-line” of thinner crops a little to the south of
a direct line drawn from the apparent end of Wansdyke to the western end
of the “Old Bank,” in the field adjoining Savernake Forest. He also
noticed in the same field as the “ drought-line,’ immediately west of the
Midland and 8.W. Junction Railway, a decided swelling of the ground,
such as might be left by a ploughed-out bank, approximately in line with
Wansdyke and the “Old Bank.” ‘The latter also appeared to be ditched on
both sides.
Work was begun on September 24th under the direction of the writer,
assisted by Mr. Brentnall, and continued for the next two days. It proved
very troublesome owing to the character of the soil, stiff red clay overlying
the chalk, which was nowhere reached. In such a soil the silting of a
ditch consists of the crumbling of the sides, mixed with a little of the top
soil, and is almost indistinguishable from the original clay. Moreover the
mode of its deposit very much resembles the way in which the original clay
must have been laid down, and except in the case of very recent disturbance
it is almost impossible for the labourers to say if the ground they are
digging has been moved before, or not. But as the soil dried with ex-
posure to the air, a slight difference in colour could be detected and ex-
perience showed that this was due to the silting up of a ditch, the silting
being rather blacker than the original soil. But from the nature of the
case there was no sharp line of demarcation, the silting shading off into the
original sides and bottom of the ditch ; measurements, therefore, are only
approximate and the size of the ditches is probably underestimated.
The first cutting, Al, was made between the apparent end of Wansdyke
and the approximate position of the “ drought-line,” of which there was no
trace now that the ground was clear of crops. It occupied the whole of the
first day, as only one man was available for digging that day and the work —
was purely experimental. The second day was given to the extension of
Al and to a second trench, B, across the approximate position of the
“drought-line.” On the third day two small trenches, A2 and A3, were
dug close to the apparent end of Wansdyke and across the line of it, but
the greater part of the day was devoted to cutting trenches, C1 and C2,
across the line of the “old bank.” These last two trenches proved really
to be the key to the whole work. Hitherto the search had been guided
mainly by the estimated position of the “ drought-line,” which in itself was
not conclusive evidence for the former existence of the dyke, and the
evidence, from the discoloration of the ground, that a shallow ditch had
been cut through by the trenches, though fairly satisfactory, was not quite
convincing. But in these last trenches the “old bank” showed where a
ditch might be looked for and, whether from slight difference in the soil
itself, or from its being in a more favourable state for judging after two
days without rain, the old filled-in ditch was clearly traceable. In Cl in-
deed, the ditch was double, corresponding to the double ditch of the “old
1 See W.A.M., XLI., pp. 396—7, footnote.
By Albany F. Major. 499
bank,” though rather curiously in C2, only 10ft. away, the smaller secondary
ditch had disappeared. A final inspection of all the trenches showed that
the indications in Al and B of a silted-up ditch corresponded closely with
those in Cl and C2. In A2 and A8, however, they were not nearly so well
marked, and there the ditch, if there was one, can have been barely a foot
deep. Nothing was found in any of the ditches except some fragments of
charcoal in B, in Cl (the bigger ditch), and in C2. See report appended by
Mr. L. G. Peirson, one of the science staff of Marlborough College.
It will be seen from the plan that the two last trenches were cut in the
westernmost of the two fields S. of Forty Acres and that these two fields
bear the name of “ Mount Field” in common. They must once have been
one, the name being no doubt due to the “mound” that ran across the
field, ploughed out in the western field since the division was made. The
eastern field is still under grass and may never have been cultivated, though
the “old bank” is said to have been formerly surmounted by a hedge. The
second ditch may be due to its having been used at one time to portion off
part of the field, though this does not account for the extension beyond the
present hedge-line. ;
Summing up the evidence we observe in the first place that from the point
where Wansdyke re-appears beyond the first field east of the Pewsey Road
to the point where it disappears again by New Buildings it serves as a field-
bank. It appears from the excavations that, with perhaps a slight break
at this latter point, it was continued on a slighter scale as far at least as
the “old bank” and the present edge of Savernake Forest. Sir R. Colt
Hoare suggested that it was unlikely to have been carried through forest
(see above). General Pitt Rivers thought it might have been continued by
an abattis of fallen trees, and the latter suggestion has recently been
elaborated by Mr. A. D. Passmore! But Wansdyke still traverses the
West Woods, which in Colt Hoare’s time were continued by the woodland
he calls Manton Wood as far as the Pewsey Road (see above) and when
Wansdyke was made there may have been unbroken forest as far as the
present Savernakeand beyond. Thereis nothing in the nature of the ground
to suggest otherwise. The dyke, however, varies very much in size and
in wooded country may well have been strengthened as suggested by General
Pitt Rivers, or been stockaded. Whether it continued through Savernake
Forest is still uncertain. It runs up to the present boundaries of the forest
on either side and there are various banks and ditches in the forest, some
of which appear to carry on the line, but no one has yet been able to trace
it through without a break.? But along its whole course it often seems to
get lost in a most unaccountable way. As to the disappearance by New
Buildings the fact seems to be that, when the country was cleared for
cultivation, the dyke was allowed to remain as long as it lent itself to use
as a field bank. But we found that at the point where it now vanishes it
1In a paper on ‘The Age and Origin of the Wansdyke,” Antequaries’
Journal, Vol. 1V., January, 1924, pp. 26—29, commented on by the writer
_ in a paper on “ The Problem of Wansdyke,” J0., April, 1924, pp. 142—145.
2 See W.A.M., Vol. XXXIX., p. 37, and Jb., XLI., pp. 397—8.
500 Excavations on Wansdyke.
swerves southwards rather sharply. This would interfere with farming |
and it was therefore levelled here, with the result that from that point
onwards as far as cultivation extended it has been ploughed out. |
We may add that Mr. Brentnall has heard from an old inhabitant that |
Wansdyke used to run along the “ drought-line,” and that under certain
lights and conditions the outline of a quadrangular work, first observed by |
Mr. Passmore, can be seen in the middle of Forty Acres, no trace of which is |
visible on the surface of the ground. This is noteworthy, as on the downs |
further west there are several similar small earthworks a little to the north |
of the dyke.
Thanks are due to the Marquess of Ailesbury and to Mr. F. J. White, of
High Trees Farm, his tenant, who kindly gave leave for the excavation ;
to the Marlborough Natural History Society, and others who contributed |
to the expenses; and to Mr. Peirson, for his report, annexed. ‘The writer |
is also much indebted to Mr. Brentnall, for many valuable suggestions and |
for the preparation of the plan accompanying this paper, taken froma block |
kindly lent by the Marlborough Natural History Society.
REPORT ON SUBSTANCE FOUND IN DiTCHEs.
The specimens consisted of some black substance, surrounded by a small —
amount of redclay. The black material fractured along planes and showed |
a fibrous structure. On grinding with a pestle and mortar it was not |
reduced to powder, but to a number of separate fibres. On heating to |
redness on a platinum foil it glowed and was reduced to a white ash,
indicating some organic material. This ash effervesced with hydrochloric |
acid, indicating the presence of a carbonate, and the solution gave a flame |
test for potassium. The fragments floated in water.
All this evidence points clearly to the conclusion that the black substance |
was wood charcoal. The interstices of even the biggest pieces of the
charcoal contained the clay, which would seem to indicate that it had been |
in the clay a considerable while and probably at some period under water. |
Guy PIERSON.
WANSDYKE EXCAVATION FUND.
RECEIPTS. OEE Cd OIA EXPENDITURE. £ os.
Marlborough Coll. Nat. Travelling expenses... 1 3
History Society Seay (ORO) ‘ Lodging ditto sete 10
Sir Prior Goldney, Bart. 2 0 0 Labour ae OF © fs)
H. C. Brentnall by ak Oa Sundries see
Albany F. Major 0) @ Balance soe)
W.M.Tapp, LL.D., FSA. 1.20 0
Philip Williams Zee AO
210) 0. 0 . £10 0 OF}
The balance has been handed over to the Wiltshire Archzeological Society |
to be used for further excavation work on Wansdyke in Wilts. As there |
are still many problems to be solved, and it is hoped to continue the work |
during the coming season, contributions to the fund will be gladly received |
and will be gratefully acknowledged by Albany F. Major, 30, The Waldrons, |
Croydon, or may be sent, earmarked to the Wansdyke Excavation Fund, |
to the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
501
WILTS OBITUARY.
Algernon St. Maur, 15th Duke of Somerset,
Baron Seymour and a baronet, died Oct. 22nd, 1923, aged 77. He succeeded
his father, the 14th Duke, in 1894. Born July 22nd, 1846, long before his
father became Duke, he spent some time on the Britannia, but instead of
entering the Navy went to Western America, where for some years he lived
the rough life of a cowboy on acattle ranch. Obtaining a commission in the
60th Rifles, he served in the Red River Expedition of 1870 as a lieutenant.
Retiring from the Army he married, 1877, Susan Mackinnon, with whom
for three years he roughed it in Canada, in the pursuit of big game and
adventure. Of this period the Duchess published an account under the
title of “Impressions of a Tenderfoot,” which was widely read. He acted
for thirteen years as agent to his uncle, the 13th Duke, thus gaining a
thorough knowledge of agricultural and country matters. In later years
he lived at Maiden Bradley the quiet life of a country gentleman, taking no
prominent part in public affairs, but widely known as a most kindly and
genial landlord, a first-rate shot, a skilled yachtsman, a good rider, and
four-in-hand whip. As the second Duke in the kingdom he carried the
Orb at the Coronations of Edward VII. and George V., as his grandfather
had carried it at the Coronation of Q. Victoria, and his great stature made
him a conspicuous figure on those occasions. He seldom spoke in the House
of Lords, but contributed many letters to the Morning Post on political
topics of the day. ‘‘ The Duke had a delightful personality. Cheerful and
simple as a boy, he was frank and direct in speech, with a charming laugh
and an attractive manner . . . His lovable nature and high character
attracted all who were privileged to know him, and they found in hima
loyal and steadfast friend . . . No landowner was more greatly liked
by farmers and labourers alike.” An Evangelical Churchman, he was
President of Dr. Barnardo’s Homes, and a prominent member of the Church
Association. He was at one time President of the Navy League. He had
no children and is succeeded by a cousin, Brig.-Gen. Sir Ed. Hamilton
Seymour, K.B.E., s. of the Rev. Francis Payne Seymour, Rector of Havant.
Born 1860, he married 1881, Rowena, d. of George Wall, and has one son,
Lt.-Col. E. F. E. Seymour, D.S.O., O.B.E., who takes the title of Lord
Seymour. The Duke was buried in Bramble Hill Clump, on the top of the
hill above Maiden Bradley. |
Obit. notices and appreciations in Zhe 7umes, Oct. 23rd ; Wiltshire T'umes,
with good portrait and view of the burial place, Oct. 27th; Weltshire
Gazette, Oct. 25th, and Nov. Ist, with views of the burial place and the
funeral passing the house, 1923.
|
)
Richard Simpson Gundry, C.B., died March 13th, 1924.
Buried in Devizes Cemetery. Born 1838, ae s. of Richard Hickley
Gundry, of Hillworth, Devizes, and Mary, d. of George Simpson, founder
of the Wiltshire Gazette. eenced at Brussels, he received an official
502 Wilts Obituary.
appointment in India, where his frequent contributions to Indian newspapers
brought him into notice and he became special war correspondent in China
for “The Calcutta Englishman.” After the war he settled in Shanghai
and became editor and afterwards part-proprietor of Zhe North China
Herald, the leading daily English newspaper published in that city. Here
He made himself a brilliant reputation as a journalist and from 1865 to |
1878 he was correspondent of the Zimesin China. He was a good athlete |
and avery prominent Freemason. In1878he returned to England and was |
occupied in constant literary work, being recognised as one of the chief |
authorities on Chinese subjects. The foundation of the China Association,
of which he was for thirteen years (1889—1901) the Secretary and for three |
years (1905—8) the President, was very largely his work, and on his ~
resignation of the secretaryship a presentation of £1000 was made to him, |
which he devoted to founding a Chinese Chair at London University. On
matters affecting China, indeed, his opinion was constantly sought by the
Foreign Office, and in recognition of his distinguished services he was given
in 1904 the choice of a Knighthood or Companionship of the Bath. He |
chose the latter. Up to recent years he continued to contribute to the |
Times, the Saturday Review, and the leading magazines. Of himself he |
said “TI have had a long, full and interesting life. I have worked hard, |
but it has been interesting work. I have known many people—all sorts |
and conditions—and have had many friends, and am glad to have been able —
to oil a few wheels in recent years.” He was a notable benefactor to |
Devizes. His gift of the Scouts’ Hall cost him some £3000. The Bowling
Club’s greens, the Rontgen Ray apparatus at the District Hospital, and the
garden on the Park side of the hospital building are also his gifts, as well
as the watering trough at the top of Long Street, for the benefit of animals. |
In a long appreciation in the Wiltshire Gazette, ‘A Colleague on the |
Saturday Review” says ‘“‘It is not very easy for us here to realise how great |
is the immediate influence of a paper like the ‘ North China Herald’ and |
the consequent significance of its editor. An editor in England, no matter |
how well known his paper, is nowhere in importance with his fellow men |
compared with the editor of a paper like the ‘Morth China Herald.’ |
Gundry used his position to good effect ; and soon became an authority on |
Chinese affairs and an influence on this country’s policy in China. His
position naturally brought him in contact with high British and Chinese |
officials—in fact with most of the ablest men who had made a study of or |
exercised practical influence on Anglo-Chinese relations.” ‘To the general |
public no doubt Gundry has been, and will be, known best by his books, |
but . . . a far greater work than any book, and the greatest work |
Gundry did, was the foundation, setting up, and running, of the China |
Association, . , . Though primarily concerned with commerce, the |
Association inevitably had to deal with big questions of Anglo-Chinese |
policy.” The Z%mes says of him, “To a profound knowledge of China
he added a sense of public duty and patriotism which enabled him,
looking beyond all local and personal interests, to keep steadily in view
the wider aspects of Imperial and National policy.”
Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, March 20th, 1924.
Wilts Obituary. 503
He was the author, amongst many other writings, of the following :—
China and her Neighbours, France in Indo-China, Russia and
China, India and Thibet. 1893. Post 8vo. Maps. 10s. 6d.
Missionaries in China. Jorinighily Review, August, 1893. Pp. 240
—254,
China, Present and Past, Foreign Intercourse, Progress, and
Resources, the Missionary Question, &c. 1895. 8vo. Folding
map. |
English Industries and Eastern Competition. Read before the
British Association at Ipswich, 1895, aad afterwards published in an
abbreviated form in October number of Fortnightly Review. London.
Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 32..
Ancestor Worship in China. JSortnightly Review, Feb., 1895.
Eastern Questions, Far and Near. I., China, England, and
Russia. Sortnighily Review, Oct., 1896, pp. 506—520.
The Yangtze Region. VJorinightly Review, Sept., 1899.
A Hundred Years. Article in centenary number of Wiltshire Gazette,
Jan. 6th, 1916.
Arthur Schomberg, died March 7th, 1924, aged 76. Buried in
Devizes Cemetery. Second s. of Joseph Trigge Schomberg, Q.C., Recorder
of Aldborough (Suff.), who died 1878, and his wife, Elizabeth Mary (Ray).
Kducated at Winchester, he followed no profession, but lived a quiet studious
life at Seend, with which his family had been connected since the beginning
of the 19th century. He was well known as an authority on the Genealogy
and Heraldry of Wiltshire, and for twelve years (1897—1909) edited Wiltshire
Notes and Queries with conspicuous success. ‘To this periodical his contri-
butions were numerous and valuable. To the Wiltshire Archxological
Magazine his chief contribution was a series of papers on the Church
Heraldry of Wiltshire. Of late years he was also a frequent contributor to
“ Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica” and “ The Genealogist.” Next to
Genealogy and Heraldry, in which he co-operated on many matters with
Mr. Ed. Kite, his chief interest was in Chess, and he was the “ mainspring
of the old county society and untiring in his encouragement of the local
clubs,’ and was well known in chess circles in London. <A Liberal in
politics, he many years ago joined the Roman Catholic Church and was one
of the chief supporters of the Church in Devizes. He lived as a bachelor
| at Seend with two unmarried sisters, both of whom died before him.
Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, March 13th, 1924.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL List oF HIS WRITINGS.
Dugdale of Seend. Wilts N. & Q., I. 174—176, 194—200 ; III., 87—90,
127—129, 179—181, 517—518; IV., 315—320. [This was reprinted, with
additions and four illustrations, Devizes, 1924. 4to. Sewn. pp. 24. 5s.]
Blake. Wilts NV. & Q.,1., 449—454.
Some Wiltshire Book-plates. Wilts NV. & Q., II.,495—500. Plate and
two cuts.
504 Wilts Obituary,
The Stoks of Seen’Churche. Wilts V. & Q.. IL., 528—531, 571—577.
William of Edington, Founder of Edington Priory, Bishop of
Winchester and first Prelate of the Most Noble Order of the Garter.
[His Will, &.]. Wilts NV. & Q., IIL., 214—221.
Wiltshire Arms in 1716. Wilts NV. § Q., IIL, 47|\—473; IV., 49—53.
Plate and cut.
Paul Bush, the last Rector of Edington and first Bishop of Bristol,
1490—1558. Wilts N. & Q., IV., 97—107, 145—156, 180, 181. Plates
and cuts.
Isaac Walton and his connection with Wiltshire. Wilts NV. & Q.,
IV., 289—294, 386—393. Plates. Reprinted, with notes and additions,
in The Connoisseur, Sept., 1903; and as 4to pamphlet, pp. 15, Devizes,
1904].
Trenchard Wills (of N. Bradley). Wilts N. & Q., 1V., 325—330.
Monumental Inscriptions in Corsham Church. Wilts V. & Q.,
IV., 510—515.
Judge Nicholas. Wilts NV. & Q., V. 385—391, 458—462.
Stokes of Seend. Wilts N. & Q., V., 193—198, 289—295, 391—396,
458—462, 5083—51U, 552—561; VI., 4—9, 49—57, 99—107, 171—176, 193
—197, 244—248, 289—302, 404—405. Portraits and plates.
Two Wiltshire Monuments. Wilts V. & O., V.,481—486. Two plates.
Ruth Pierce. Wilts. V. & Q., VI., 241—244. Two plates. !
Wilts Extracts from The Genealogist. Wilts N. & Q., VIL, 282—288. :
Family of Tyse. Wilts N.& Q., VII., 8347—353.
Fitzherbert Deed. Wilts N. & Q., VIL., 524.
Shields of Arms on Kip’s Map of Wiltshire, 1708. Wilts N.&0O.,
VIII, 570—571. |
Daniel Whitby, 8.T.P., 1638—1726. Wilts N. & a VII., 281— J
291. Portrait. |
Wiltshire Nonconformists. 1662. (Compiled from Zhe Non- |
conformists’ Memorial, by Calamy). Wilts NV & O., VILL, 12—16, 152— |
155, 357369, 396—898.
Paradise Family. [By A. Schomberg and Ed. Kite.] Wilts N.GO,,
VIII., 49—58. : |
Wicholas and Knight. [By A. Schomberg and Ed. Kite.] Wats V.& |
Q., VIII., 874-878, t
The Church Heraldry of North Wiltshire. Wilts Arch. Mag., |
XXII, 335839; XXIIL, 40—50, 200—212, 299-313; XXIV., 44—57ame
287307; XXV., 100—111. |
The Supronace "OF the Pope. A Letter to the Rev. M. W. Mayow in |
reply to a Letter recently published by him on the Supremacy of the |
Pope, by a Recent Convert . . . Liverpool: Catholic Publishing |~
Depot. N.D. Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 12. |
Pedigree of John Stokes, of Seend, Co. Wilts, with two woodcuts. |~
With arms of all the families mentioned and short pedigrees of Gore and | —
Snell. London. Mitchell & Hughes. 1886. Re-printed from J/is- | —
cellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, 2nd Series, Vol. II. 4to,pp.10. Two | ~
illusts. EE
Wilts Obituary. 505
Review of Vol. XVIII., 1914, of ‘‘ Visitation of England and
Wales.” Wilts NV. & Q., VIIL, 430-432.
Monumental Inscriptions in Calne Church, begin in 7he Genealogist.
N.S., XIV., July, 1897, p. 37, and end at p. 90.
Seend Monumental Inscriptions: Addenda. [With abstracts of
Wills and Notes.] NRe-printed from Zhe Genealogist, N.S., Vol. XX VIITL,
Jan., 1912. Royal 8vo, pp.5. [By A. Schomberg and Ed. Kite.] Vol.
MXXIV., Oct., 1917, Part II., pp: 74—80.: Vol. XXXIV.,- Part. IIT,
pp., 120—125. Vol. XXXV., 216—225. Vol. XXXVI., Jan. 1920, pp.
126—133.
A Roll of Arms, 1713. The Genealogist, Jan., 1907, pp. 6.
[Note on] Adrian Stokes. Ifiscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, Dec.,
1906.
Notes on Semington Monumental Inscriptions. The Genealogist,
N.S., VI., pp. 116—118, Oct., 1910. [Wills, &c.] |
A Roll of Arms, 1673. Re-printed from Zhe Genealogist, N.S., Vols.
XXIV. and XXV. Large 8vo, pp. 34.
An English Village. The Globe, July 9th, 1888.
Edington: an ancient Priory and its modern uses. Wiltshire
Times, July 13th, 1889.
Mr. Schomberg’s Answer to Mr. Britton. A Letter to the Editor
of the Devizes Gazette. N.D. Pamphlet, 16mo, pp. 7.
Will of John de Bleobury. Jfiscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica,
Dec., 1919, pp. 4-
Lamplugh, JMiscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, Dec., 1919.
A Roll of Arms, 1788. The Genealogist, N.S., XXXVII., July, 1920,
5 pp.
Family of Paradise. The Genealogist, XXXVII., Oct., 1920; Jan.,
1921, pp. 8. [Abstracts of Wills.]
The Dukes of Schomberg. The Genealogist, N.S.. XXXIII., April,
1917, pp. 217—222. ‘Two plates.
Robert William Merriman, died Jan. 5th, 1924, aged 87.
Buried at Marlborough Cemetery, “ A Peaceful end toa long and industrious
and honorable life.” Eldest s. of William Clark Merriman (Clerk of the
Peace for Wilts, 1864—1875). B.at Marlborough, Dec. 18th, 1836. Lived
afterwards at Lockeridge House. Educated at Marlborough Grammar
School, Winchester College (1851), where he played in the eleven against
Etonand Harrow. From 1854, when he left Winchester, to 1858 he served
in the office of Mr. Thomas Morgan Geff, solicitor, of Chelmsford, and
afterwards in that of his uncle, Stephen Baverstock Merriman, in London,
| qualified as solicitor 1860, returned to Marlborough and entered the office
_ of Messrs. Merriman & Gwillim, the partners being T. B. Merriman,his uncle,
W. C. Merriman, his father, and J. S. Gwillim, father of the present Mr.
E. LL). Gwillim. Succeeded his father as Town Clerk of Marlborough, 1863,
acted first as Deputy Clerk of the Peace to his father, 1865, and from that
506 Wilts Obituary.
date onwards was largely occupied with the affairs of the county, and with
the increasing business of Quarter Sessions and its committees. In 1875 he
succeeded his father when he resigned the office of Clerk of the Peace, and
as such took a prominent part in the changes in local government consequent
on the establishment of the County Council in 1889. He continued to
serve the County Council until his retirement in 1912, when he received
gifts from the justices, the sessions bar, the county police, the solicitors of
the county, and many others, as tokens of the general appreciation of his
life work. He was also Registrar of Marlborough County Court, 1877—1912,
and J.P. for Wilts 1913. He joined the Wilts Yeomanry as cornet in 1865,
became lieutenant 1873, and resigned 1882. He was prominent amongst
Marlborough Freemasons. He married, first, Miss Sheringham, and secondly,
Edith Hannah Merriman, who survives him. His eldest son, Will. Robert
Hill Merriman, served in the Hon. Artillery Company and the Rifle Brigade,
and was killed in the war (1916). Two sons survive him, H. Victor
Merriman, and the Rev. T. Fellows Merriman, and one daughter, Desireé
Merriman. Greatly respected by all who knew him, his death breaksa link
with the past history of Marlborough and the county, for he had known
the old days of the stage coaches and the Castle Inn, and to the end of his
life retained the clearest recollections of the events of the middle of the
19th century.
Long and appreciative obit. notices, with two good portraits, in Weltshire
Gazette, Jan. 10th and 17th, 1924. In the latter were some notes on the
Merriman family in Marlborough.
He was the author of :—
Some Stray Notes from the Marlborough Court Rolls, temp.
Hen. VIII. Wilts Arch. Mag., XIX., 75—83.
Extracts from the Records of the Wiltshire Quarter Sessions.
Wilts Arch. Mag., XX.. 322—341 ; XXI.,75—121; XXII., 1—38, 212—231.
Casual Glances at the Moon. Marlb. Coll. Nat. Hist. Soc. Report,
1881, pp. 81—99.
Calendar of Inclosure Awards deposited at the County Record |
Room at Devizes. 1900. Sm. 4to, pp. 15. }
Wiltshire Prisons: the Last Days. Articles in Wiltshire Gazette,
Sept. 26th and Oct. 3rd, 1918.
Marlborough Grammar School in the “Forties.” Reminiscences |
of an old Meylertan. For private circulation. [1921.] Pamphlet, royal
8vo, pp. 20. |
Wiltshire Quarter Sessions in the Sixties, Personal Recollec- |
tions by the late Clerk of the Peace. Articlesin Wiltshire Gazette, |
Oct. 6th and 13th, 1921.
John Edward Ward, d. Dec. 9th, 1923, aged 77. Buried at |
Purton. B. 1846, eldest s. of John Ward, of Whittington, Salop. He |
married, first, in 1874, Fanny, d. of E. Rogers, of Abercarn, Mon., who died |
1876; secondly, in 1884, Mary Elizabeth, d. of John Francis Goodwin, of |
Aigburth, Lancs., who survives him, A solicitor by profession and a partner |~
Wilts Obituary. 507
in the firm of Colborne, Ward, and Colborne, of Newport, Mon. He bought
the house at Red Lodge, Braydon, and a square mile of property surrounding
it in 1902, enlarged the house, and had lived there since that time. J.P.
for Wilts, member of the Cricklade and Wootton Bassett District Council,
a Lay Representative of Bristol Diocese in the National Assembly of the
Church, and a member of the Diocesan Board of Finance, a sportsman and
a gardener. He leaves one son, Harold Roger, a barrister.
Obit. notice, V. Wilts Herald, Dec. 14th, 1923.
Penleigh Boyd, died in Australia, Nov., 1923, aged 33. Born in
Wiltshire, he went as an infant with his parents to Australia, studied in
the Melbourne National Gallery and afterwards in Paris, London, and St.
Ives, exhibiting at the Royal Academy and other exhibitions. Returning
to Australia he enlisted in the Australian Pioneers on the outbreak of war,
and served with distinction in France, returning again to Australia after
the war. He was regarded as one of the younger leaders of Australian
painting, and his works in water-colours and oils sold for high prices. One
of his pictures, ‘“‘Golden Wattle,” is exhibited in the National Gallery of
Australia.
Obit. noticein Kalgoorlie Miner, copied in Wiltshire Gazette, Jan.3rd, 1924.
John Watson Taylor, died suddenly, Dec. 1st, 1923, aged 66.
Third s. of 8S. Watson Taylor, of Erlestoke Park. He had of late years
lived in London, and was greatly interested in topographical and genealogical
researches. He had helped our Society very materially in the matter of its
collection of ancient deeds, both by cataloguing and by arranging for the
disposal of a large number of deeds not concerned with the County of Wilts,
which had come into the Society’s hands.
He was the author of “ Erlestoke and its Manor Lords,” Walts Arch. Mag.,
XXXIIL., 295—311, 377383 ; XXXIV., 42—102.
Hon, Charles George Holmes a Court, died Jan. 10th,
1924, aged 80. Buried at Heytesbury. Fourth son of the second Lord
Heytesbury and uncle of the present peer. He was married four times.
He died at Horley.
Daniel William Butler, died Feb. 2st, 1924, aged 84.
Eldest son of Daniel William Butler, b. 1840, at Bromham House Farm,
-Rowde. In 1859 he began farming on his own account at Rowdefield Farm,
where he remained till 1917, when he retired and his son, Walter, succeeded
him, returning from France for that purpose. He was regarded as one of
the most successful farmers in the county, was on the council of the Wilts
Agricultural Association, and for 62 years a member of the Melksham
Agricultural Association. He was one of the originators of the Wilts
United Dairies, and the Central Wilts Bacon Company. He was J.P. for
Wilts, but was best known for his work on the Board of Guardians, from
1864 until his death. He became chairman in 1893, and was presented by
his colleagues with a silver tea and coffee service and an illuminated address
when he had completed 40 years’ service on the board. “It was Mr. Butler’s
‘sound commonsense which made his reign as chairman the success it was.”
‘VOL. XLII.—NO. CXL. 2M
508 Wilts Obituary.
He is said to have been the oldest serving guardian in England. He married
Elizabeth, d. of John Gee, of Hawkstreet Farm. They had ten children,
four sons, of whom three are living, and six daughters. His funeral, at
Rowde, was very largely attended.
Long obituary notice and portrait, in Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 28th, and
March 13th, and portrait in Wiltshire Times, March Ist, 1924.
Osmond Percie Skrine, died suddenly Feb. 23rd, 1924. Buried
at Claverton. Seventh son of Henry Duncan Skrine, of Claverton Manor.
Educated at Uppingham. Went out to Ceylon after leaving school,
Emigrated thence to Canada, settling first in Assiniboine and afterwards in ©
Vancouver. Returned to England, 1904, lived for some time at Kingsfield,
Woolley, Bradford-on-Avon, and afterwards at Turley, moving recently to |
Ashley Corner, Box. Best known for his work since 1907 on behalf of the |
Church Lads Brigade, of which he commanded the Bradford Company for —
many years, presenting to them the present drill halland headquarters. He |
was also secretary to the trustees of the Saxon Church at Bradford. He ©
married Mary M. Foxcroft, d. of KE. T. D. Foxcroft, of Hinton Charterhouse,
who with one daughter, survives him.
Obit. notice, Wrltshire Times, March 1st, 1924.
Henry Mortimer Salmon, died Feb. 14th, 1924, aged 92. |
Buried at Baydon, where he had lived for the last thirteen years. Born in —
London, June 26th, 1831, the fifteenth of sixteen children of a fruit and ©
wine merchant in Piccadilly. His mother was a Dutch lady. Trained as |
an engineer, he worked at first in England, and then joined the staff of the |
Russian Imperial Railway Department, where he remained for thirty-three |
years. He was actively employed in the construction of the railways from
Moscow to Warsaw, St. Petersburg to the E. Prussian frontier, Moscow to
Kieff, and Kieff to Odessa. During his residence in Russia he knew |
everyone of note, and had the personal friendship of the Emperor Alex. II. |
Leaving Russia about 1893, he retired for a while to Normandy, but had |
lived in England for the last thirty years. “He was a great linguist and a |
‘close student of modern European history and of philosophy, and at one |
time possessed an extensive library. A heavily-built man of powerful |
physique, he devoted his later years largely to the cultivation of flowers, |
fruit, and vegetables, and up to his 90th year worked in summer six hours }
a day in his garden.” He married, 1854, Anne, d. of Robert Cana, of |
Woodbridge (Suff.), who pre-deceased him. !
Obit. notice, Zimes, Feb. 18th, 1924, reprinted in NV. Wilts Ch. Hage |
March, 1924.
Francis Henry Phillips, died March 6th, 1924, aged 81. |
Born 1842, s. of Jacob Phillips, of Chippenham, solicitor. In 1868 he |
succeeded his uncle, Joseph Phillips, as Town Clerk of Chippenham, and | ~
held the office until his death—a period of 56 years. He wasalso Registrar |
-of Chippenham County Court, and formerly agent forthe Hartham Estate. |
In 1918 the Chippenham Corporation acknowledged his jubilee of service |
-to them by the presentation to him of his portrait in oils. tT
Obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, March 13th and 20th; Waltshire Times, | t
March 8th, 1924. \
|
|
Wilts Obituary. 509
Mark Jeans, died, almost suddenly, March 5th, 1924, aged 69.
Buried at Milton Lilborne. Born at Breamore, s. of Jacob Jeans, articled
at offices of Messrs. May & Collins, auctioneers and land agents, Marlborough,
of which firm he afterwards became a partner, then carried on the business
alone fora while, being afterwards joined by Mr.Thomas Lavington, and sub-
sequently acting alone. In politics he was an ardent Conservative and Tariff
Reformer, and took an active part in local elections. Asa Churchman he
was a prominent member of the Salisbury Diocesan Synod for 40 years,
and of Jate years had done good service to the Church in Wiltshire by
arranging for the sale of a great number of glebe lands to the great advantage
of the parties concerned. He was Mayor of Marlborough 1891—2, and for
some time a member of the County Council. He took a prominent part in
the Wiltshire Agricultural Association, and founded the Pewsey Vale
Association for the formation of village agricultural clubs. He was widely
known in N. Wilts as an auctioneer and valuer. He married Elizabeth, d.
of Joshua Brooke, of Marlborough, and leaves two sons and three daughters.
He was widely respected and his funeral was marked by a very large at-
tendance.
Obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, March 6th and 13th, 1924.
Edmund Henry Clutterbuck, died Feb. 11th, 1924, aged 72.
Buried at Hardenhuish. Born Jan. 30th, 1852, eldest s. of Edmund Lewis
Clutterbuck, of Hardenhuish Park. Educated at Eton and Univ. Coll.
Oxford. Called to the Bar 1878. He married, 1880, Madeline Charlotte,
d. of Rev. C. H. Raikes, Vicar of Chittoe. He served for seven years as
lieutenant in Wilts Yeomanry. J.P. for Wilts. From 1880 to 1906 he
represented Chippenham and Langley on the County Council, and was
later a member of the County Education Committee. He was also for
thirteen years chairman of the Board of Guardians. He was formerly a
well-known member of the Beaufort Hunt. He leaves a widow, two sons,
and six daughters. His eldest son, Edmund Lewis Clutterbuck, succeeds
him; Capt. Walter Clutterbuck is in the 2nd Royal Scots, and Lieut. David
Clutterbuck, another son, was killed on May 6th, !917, in action in France.
He was the author of “A Day Dream and other Poems. London, Edmund
Arnold, 1903.” Cr. 8vo., cloth, pp. vill. + 108. 3/6 net.
Obit. notices, Zimes, Feb. 18th, Waltshire Gazette, Feb. 14th, Weltshire
Times, Feb. 16th, 1924.
Frederick Thomas Beaven, died March 9th, 1924, aged 79.
Buried at Holt Cemetery. S.of Thomas Beaven, of Holt, he was associated
with his brother, Edwin C. Beaven, in the business as wool staplers and
Jeather dressers all his life. J.P. for Wilts. A strong Liberal and Congre-
gationalist. Four sons and two daughters survive him.
|
| Obit. notice, Wiltshire Temes, March 15th, 1924.
Rev. Arthur Law, died Dec. 6th, 1923, aged 81. Buried at
| Dauntsey. S. of Robert Vanbrugh Law, Rector of Christian Malford. St.
| Peter’s Coll., Camb., B.A. 1865, M.A. 1875. Deacon, 1866; priest, 1867
(Gloucester and Bristol). Curate of Chipping Camden, 1866—68 ; St. Philip
2M 2
510 Wilts Obituary.
and St. James, Leckhampton, 1869; Christian Malford, 1869—75. Rector
of Dauntsey, 1875 until he resigned, when he went tolivein Bath. He was
a keen cricketer, fisherman, and croquet player, in which last he was
champion of England formerly, and a prominent Freemason. He leaves a
daughter, Mrs. Dixon, and two sons, the Rev. Arthur W. Law, Rector of
Dauntsey, and George Henry Law, a schoolmaster in New Zealand.
Obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 18th; Wiltshire Times Dec. 15th,
1923.
Rev. Edward Albert Henry Aston, died Nov. 25th, 1923,
aged 78. Buried at Fyfield (Berks). St. John’s Coll, Oxon, B.A., 1869,
M.A. 1871. Deacon, 1869 ; priest, 1870 (Winchester). Curate of Woodlands,
1869—72; Cheam, 1872—73; St. John, Brecon, 1873—75; St. Clement’s,
Oxford, 1875—1878. Vicar of Fyfield (Berks), 1879—92. Rector of Codford
St. Mary, 1892 until his death. He leaves a widow and three sons, Rev.
Noel Aston; Rev. Basil Aston, D.S.O., Vicar of Melksham ; and Rev. Cyril
Aston, Rector of Midsomer Norton.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Times, Dec. 1st, 1923.
Josephine Mary Newall, widow of Arthur Newall, of
Fisherton Delamere, died Nov. 14th, 1923. The 7Z'zmes of Nov. 27th con-
tained the following appreciation of her work :—
‘Mrs. Arthur Newall, of Fisherton de la Mere, who died
recently, was an artist of singular genius in a craft that has.
somewhat lapsed into decay owing to the flood of mediocre work
produced by those who do not know its possibilities. She was one of
the most distinguished workers in embroidery of our time. Her patient.
technical research, guided by keen artistic insight, built up an individual
style in which both design and execution had that spontaneous ‘ right-
ness’ that characterizes the finest achievement in all art. Wiltshire
owes to Mrs. Newall a debt of gratitude, for, with rare sympathy and
ability, she organized the cripples of her county and built up with their
help an embroidery industry which became famous throughout England.
Time after time the Home Arts and Industries and other like associa- |
tions bestowed their highest recognition upon the beautiful table linen, |
hangings, and other objects produced by this industry, work greatly
prized by those fortunate enough to obtain examples, which take us back
to days when embroidery was a household art and not mere fancy work. |
In her very individual style Mrs. Newall produced many masterpieces |
worthy of the highest tradition of her craft, giving a new impetus toa |
group of followers among those who are seeking to restore the peculiarly |
feminine art of embroidery to its rightful place among the decorative |
arts.” |
Robert Mortimer, died March, 1924. B. at Broughton Gifford, |
1836. Emigrated to S. Africa. Began as assistant in large grocery store, |
and rose to be proprietor of one of the largest general stores in S. Africa. |
He was a generous benefactor of the institutions of his native village, |
subscribing largely to the needs of the Baptist Chapel, and also'contributing |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. oll
to the new organ and organ chamber of the Parish Church. He founded
the Mortimer Charity, the income of which, about £20, is distributed yearly
by the trustees at Christmas, and the Mortimer Scholarship Fund, which
provides for the maintenance of two Broughton Gifford children at the
secondary schools. By his first wife, a native of North Bradley, he had
fourteen children.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Times, April 5th, 1924.
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS,
AND ARTICLES.
[N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views in any
way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies
of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers. ]
The Early Iron Age Inhabited Site at All Cannings
Cross Farm, Wiltshire. A Description of the Ex-
cavations, and Objects found by Mr. and Mrs. B. H.
Cunnington, 1911—1922. By M. E. Cunnington
(Mrs. B. H. Cunnington), Devizes. Printed and
published by George Simpson & Co. 1923.
Cloth, 4to, pp. 204. 54 plates, including a General View of All Cannings
Cross, Looking East, as frontispiece.
It is not too much to say of ithis book that it is the most important
Separate work published on the Prehistoric Antiquities of \Viltshire since
the great series of ‘‘ Hxcavations in Cranborne Chase” came to an end.
It is universally acknowledged that in those volumes Gen. Pitt Rivers set a
standard which it has been the aim of the archeeologists of the 20th century
to live up to in their researches. ‘lhe two volumes on the Glastonbury
_ Lake Village, and Mr. Curle’s work on the Roman Fort at Newstead were
worthy descendants in the same line, and the goodly company is now
reinforced by Mrs. Cunnington’s exhaustive account of All Cannings. The
results of the four years’ digging on this site between 1911 and 1922 are
_here set forth with a wealth of illustration and careful description which
the remarkable character of the objects discovered deserved. ‘lhe whole
of these finds are now well displayed in the Society’s Museum at Devizes,
and the latter portion of this volume isa glorified catalogue of the collection,
in which every object of any importance is excellently illustrated. Of these
| the large series of pottery is chiefly shown by photographs, but of the other
Ble, Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Artueles.
objects of bone, chalk, stone, iron, bronze, &c., the majority are reduced
from very accurate full size pen drawings by Mr. C. W. Pugh. The re-
lationship of the various objects with those found on other sites not only
in England but on the Continent is exhaustively discussed, and chapter
and verse are given for the records of similar finds in the writings of English
and Foreign archeologists.
As to the age of the settlement, Mrs. Cunnington writes :—‘‘ Taken as a.
whole the evidence at All Cannings Cross points to an overlap from an
earlier to a later phase, a period of transition, that is to say, from Hallstatt. _
to La Tene I. period. That being so, a range in actual years from about |
500 to 800 B.C. may be considered probable in the present state of our |
knowledge. The earliest objects found were the fragment of a socketed |
bronze celt, and a bronze razor of the same type as that found by Gen. |
Pitt Rivers in South Lodge Camp, Rushmore, which led him to assign a |
Bronze Age date to that camp. The latest objects were the La Tene I.
brooches, and the ring-headed pins of the same period. ‘The absence of
rotary querns, and the fact that the decorative motives of the pottery were
similar to the earliest found at Hengistbury and entirely different from |
those found at Glastonbury and Hunsbury, point to the settlement as being
of earlier date than either of these well-known Iron Age sites, in other —
words, earlier than the full La Tene period. As yet no other site has been |
discovered in England, in which the whole of the remains can be ascribed |
to this, the Hallstatt age. It is this that gives its peculiar importance to |
All Cannings Cross. ‘The various grounds on which Mr. Crawford and —
others have argued that a fresh invasion of England from the Continent |
took place at the end of the Bronze Age are considered in their bearing on |
the All Cannings site, and Mrs. Cunnington suggests that the small square |
camps, such as South Lodge, Martin Down, and Handley Hill, excavated |
by Pitt Rivers and assigned by him to the Late Bronze Age, were really, as.
the presence in these camps and at All Cannings alike of the same ‘ Finger- |
tip’ urns goes to prove,” rather of the Early Iron than of the Late Bronze |
Age, and that they were alike settlements of the new ‘“ Hallstatt” colonists. |
The book is full of interesting observations and suggestions. Mr. Lyell, |
who analysed the charcoal, found that one piece was from the wood of the |
‘Holm Oak (Quercus ilex), a tree which is a native of Southern Europe and |
was not indigenous in Britain. It is suggested that it may have been |
imported in the shape of a wooden handle or implement. ‘he iron slag |
shows that the iron smelted on the spot was probably that from the Lower
Greensand at Seend, whilst the pottery, of which there is no evidence that
it was made on the spot, seems to have been made of Kimmeridge Clay |
from some seven or eight miles’ distance, or possibly further still. The |
houses appear to have been rectangular, of wattle and daub (or perhaps |~
though Mrs. Cunnington does not say so), the “mud” walling of |~
which cottages in S, Wilts continued to be built until quite recently. |~
The rectangular form of house appears to have preceded the circular, which :
was almost universal at Glastonbury. The pits, of which seventy-five were |
found, were none of them more than 5ft. in diameter, and could not have |
been dwelling pits. Probably they were for storage of grain, &c., and some |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 513
of them had domed covers of clay. The animal bones are commented on
by Mr. J. W. Jackson, of the Manchester Museum. The small horse, Celtic
ox, sheep, goat, pig, and dog, are all closely analogous to those found at
Glastonbury. Very few red deer bones occurred, but several roe deer horns.
An interesting fact is that one of the ox skulls was hornless, the earliest
example of polled cattle yet found in Britain. A large number of chalk
loom weights were found, and a curious point arising from a careful ex-
amination of them is that they were not hung perpendicularly, as has
naturally been assumed from the hole in their smaller end, but were slung
horizontally by a cord tied round them at right angles, like a parcel. A
great quantity of bone implements were found, including a number of
curious oval pendants of thin bone, perforated at one end, of the shape of
Australian “ Bull Roarers,” which seem to be unknown from other sites.
The bone ‘‘ Rib Knives,” too, so characteristic of All Cannings, of which
examples have occurred at Lidbury and Casterley, seem to be confined, so
far, to this county. Of the so-called ‘‘ Weaving Combs” many occurred.
Of the sharp-pointed sheep or goat bones it is suggested that some of the
smaller were hafted as goads for oxen. ‘wo or three penannular bronze
brooches were found, the age of which is uncertain, but probably they are
contemporary with the two perfect bronze brooches of the characteristic
La Tene I. type, and the two or three imperfect iron examples, which seem
also to have been of this period, One iron swan-necked pin is recognised
as typically Hallstatt, and a thistle-headed pin is no doubt contemporary,
whilst three ring-headed pins are of La Tene I. type.
Out of the immense quantity of pottery fragments found,Mrs. Cunnington,
by her unwearied industry, succeeded in restoring forty vessels of all kinds.
the great majority of which are here illustrated. ‘The largest number of
fragments belonged to the urn-like vessels with finger-tip ornament, and
next to these come the red-coated ware, some of it with omphalos base,
which on the Continent is classed as of the Late Bronze, Hallstatt and early
La ‘T'ene ages, and at Hengistbury it is classed as pre-La Tene. Of this red-
coated pottery Mr. Thos. May writes:—“It has evidently undergone a
similar process to the early Hgyptian black-topped ware, which it resembles
on the outside. The natural clay body has been coated with a pasty well-
washed slip, and after drying, coated with haematite (in the form of rouge
or ordinary red ruddle) by dipping in a watery solution or rubbing. It has
then been polished with a smooth stone and burnt in an open fire. The
free access of oxygen has caused the outside surface to be reddened, but
the iron in the clay remains blue-grey on the inside.”
A most valuable appendix deals with “The sequence of types of pre-
Roman Pottery in Wiltshire.” Neolithic bas been found in the long barrows
of W. Kennett, Lanhill, Norton Bavant, and Wexcombe Down, and in the
ditches of Windmill Hill, Avebury, and the Old Camp at Knap Hill.
Of the Bronze Age pottery, wholly from the barrows or other graves,
Mrs. Cunnington says :—“ It seems now not at all improbable that some of
the cinerary urns, hitherto regarded as of the Bronze Age, belong actually
to a time when iron was already known and being extensively used in this
country. It is suggested that urns with “ finger-tip” ornament, or with
514 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
horizontal furrowing between neck and shoulder, should be regarded with
suspicion in respect to their Bronze Age date; this would apply to the
Deverel-Rimbury group and to vessels with raised mouldings decorated
with finger-tip impressions.”
As to the pottery of the Early Iron Age a flood of most unexpected light
has been thrown on the subject by the recent excavationsat All Cannings,
those in the Fifield Bavant Pits by Dr. R. C. C. Clay, described in this
number of the Magazine, the results of which are now in the Society’s
Museum, and those at Hanging Langford Camp by Mr. R. S. Newall (not
yet published).
“As a whole the Fifield Bavant series is rather later in type, but the
occurrence on both sites of red-coated cordoned bowls with incised ornament
and high-shouldered cooking pots of La Tene I. type form connecting links
between thetwo series.” ‘The pottery from Hanging Langford “is decidedly
later in type than that from Fifield Bavant, but the connecting link between
the two sites is supplied by the bead rim bowl which occurs on both, but
is more fully developed on the latter. The bead rim bowls from Hanging
Langford are comparable with those from Oare (Withy Copse) and the
earlier dated pottery from Casterley Camp, sites where the wheel-turned
bead rim bow] was by far the commonest vessel and was associated with
Arretine, red and black Belgic, and Mont Beuvray wares, that bring us
down to the first half of the first century A.D., and to the eve of the Roman
occupation. These three sites, therefore, seem to cover the whole period
of the British pre-Roman Iron Age; All Cannings Cross, pre-La Tene
and La Tene I.; Fifield Bavant, La Tene I. and II.; Hanging Langford,
La Tene III. and IV. It was a fortunate coincidence that these three
series of pottery, forming, it is believed, a complete sequence, should have
been found almost simultaneously and within a single county.” It is also
a fortunate coincidence that the proceeds of the two first of these very im-
‘portant excavations have already found a home in the Museum at Devizes.
A review of this book by Prof. Sir Will. Boyd Dawkins appeared in the
Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 21st, 1924. The Professor makes a small slip when
he says that the attention of the excavators was called originally to the
spot from the prevalence of *‘ pot boilers” on the surface of the field. Asa
matter of fact not one “ pot boiler” occurred on the site, though over 1300
hammerstones or mullers of flint and sarsen were found.
The Saxon Land Charters of Wiltshire (First Series).
By G. B. Grundy, D.Litt. Archaeological Journal, 1919, Vol. LXXVL,,
143—301.
This is a voluminous and most important paper, the first instalment of
the interpretation of the topography of the 300 Anglo-Saxon Charters
which deal with Berkshire, Hampshire, and Wiltshire. Dr. Grundy claims
that he is a pioneer in this work. Single charters have been dealt with by
various scholars, but no one hitherto has attempted to deal with a large
body of them at once. ‘“ Though some of these publications are of great
value, yet there are very few of them; and all suffer from the fact that
many of the Anglo-Saxon terms used in the surveys are misinterpreted in
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 515
the dictionaries to which such enquirers have had to have recourse. An
examination of about three hundred charters of Berkshire, Hampshire, and
Wiltshire, has enabled me to build up gradually a glossary of A.S. terms
used in the surveys attached to the charters by accumulating instances of
the objects to which the terms were applied. ‘his has created a new
vocabulary of meanings which are not to be found in the dictionary. But
that vocabulary is not complete ; and in respect to the rarer terms of un-
known meaning I see no reason to hope that it ever can be.” Dr. Grundy
does not profess to have traced the boundaries of the surveys “in the field,”
but only on the Gin. ordnance maps. ‘To follow the boundaries of the
Wiltshire charters alone would mean 1200 miles of walking across country
over all kinds of ground, a work obviously impossible for any single
worker to contemplate. “I have claimed to be a pioneer, but there my
claim must end, others after me will have to build on the basis of the pre-
liminary work that I have done.”
The charters are dealt with in the order in which they appear in Birch’s
Cartularium Saxonicum, the number attached to each in Kemble’s Codex
Diplomaticus being added. He deals first with a number of charters
labelled ‘‘ Downton ” in the cartulary of Winchester Cathedral. He con-
concludes that they deal with lands in Bishopstone and part of Stratford
Tony with other lands not determinable. He notes that the part of modern
Stratford Tony N. of the Roman road did not belong to it in A.S. times,
As to the statement that these lands belonged to Downton “ that is probably
due to the fact that this piece of land was part of a large estate belonging
to Winchester Cathedral in the Downton neighbourhood.”
He concludes that Birch 32, a grant by Wulfhere of lands at Dilingtun,
which has been identified: with Dilton, is not a Wiltshire charter at all.
Little Bedwyn (Birch 225) follows, and then Purton (Birch 279, 279a) a
grant by Egeferth, K. of the Mercians, to Malmesbury Abbey, A.D. 796.
Here he finds that the A.S. Hassukes more survives in the modern Haxmoor
or Haxmore Farm, and that the river Worfe or Wurfe is the Ray. This
latter river’s name he notes is really a corruption of the A.S. Aet thaere ea
4.e., the river, the principal stream in the neighbourhood.
Birch 390 has been identified with Alton, in Hants, but is really a charter
of part at least of Alton Priors, Woden’s Barrow is certainly Adam’s Grave
Long Barrow, and Red Gate is Red Shore, the gap in the Wans Dyke.
Taesan Mead survives in Tawsmead Farm and Copse. Curceling Wegis
probably a local name for the Ridgeway. ‘The boundaries of Alton Barnes
and Alton Priors have been much altered in later days.
Birch 457, 458, a charter of Dauntsey (Dometesig ; Dometesis ; Daunte-
seye; Dameteseye). Domets Island (Dameteseye) is the island between the
“main Avon and a branch of it due W. of the village of Dauntsey. Scufa’s
Barrow (Scufan Borwe) is Clack Mount. Ydoure, z.e., Island Brook, is
almost certainly Brinkworth Brook, and survives in the modern Idover
Farm.
Birch 469, Hardenhuish, Dr. Grundy concludes that this attribution is
| correct.
| Birch 477—479. Lands at Little Hinton and Wanborough. Smita is
]
di
516 Wilishire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
the River Cole, Zenta the stream flowing N.N.W. past Hinton Marsh
Farm. Wen Beorge, Wen Barrow, evidently gives its name to Wanborough,
it was somewhere near Wanborough Plain Farm. Scocera Weg survives in
Sugar Hill. Dorca; Dorcyn ; Dortorne Brok is the stream running by
Covenham Farm.
Birch 499, Donhead, was not the Wiltshire Donhead. |
Birch 500, Teffont Magna and Teffont Evias. Yefunte is really the name |
of the brook. ;
Birch 508, Buttermere, and lands in the Hampshire parishes of inkentom
and Wenham Dean ‘onllledl Aescmere). Oswald’s Barrow is the barrow at. |
the S.E. corner of Ham.
Birch 567, 699,North Newnton. The modern Bottle Farm and Bottlesford |
are derived from Botan Wylle(Botan’s spring) of the charter. J/otene’s ora |
is the modern Oare, and J/eos Leage survives in Maizeley Coppice. :
Birch 588, Fovant and Sutton Mandeville. The words VYfre and |
Garethru occurring in this charter are defined as “‘ escarpment,” and “ Foot.
of the slope of the escarpment.” |
Birch 595, Stockton. Codan Ford (Coda’s ford) gave its name to Cod- |
ford. Garand on the Wylye was probably at Giggan Street Hatches.
Birch 598, Badbury in Chiseldon. The derivation of Burderop from —
the presence of a buh or camp, has been lately verified by Mr. Passmore, |
who has discovered an earthwork not marked on the Ordnance Survey. |
Hodson appears as Hordestan (Treasure Stone).
Birch 904, Chiseldon and Badbury. The Brokenestret is the break in |
the Roman road (? at Covingham). |
Birch 600, 998, 1053, Stanton St. Bernard. Wansdyke is mentioned as |
Wodnes Dic (Woden’s Dyke). In this, as in many other charters, the |
terms ‘‘Crundel” and “ Heathen Burial places” occur. The former Dr,
Grundy translates ‘‘ Quarry,” or chalk pit, the latter he says is clearly dis-
tinguished from beorh and hlaew, a barrow, but what these “ burial places”
were he can’t say, but guesses they may be Pagan Saxon burials. |
Birch 635, Collingbourne Kingston. Brad beorh is Oldhat Barrow and |}
Guthredesburg is Godsbury, but the name seems to refer to a camp rather |
than the tumulus, to which the name is now attached.
Birch 671, 672, Norton. Magthe Ford survives in Maidford. |
Birch 677, 679, Ham. Stan Ceastla, it is suggested, means a Roman |
building or house. Henna Leah survives as Henley.
Birch 1087, attributed to Ham i is not of this place.
only seinen
Birch 714, 985, Burcombe. -
Birch 716, 717, Bremhill (lands at Foxham, Kelloways, é&c.). Catcombe |
(in Hilmarton) is derived from the brook Cadanburna. |
Birch 734, 1285, Overton and Kennett. The boundaries of Overton have}
been much altered since Saxon days. Hacan Penne survives in Hackpen. | f
The Herepath is the road running from Avebury Circle E.N.E. for three |~
miles to the Down, Pyttel Dene is Pickledean, Sétraetford is placed near | |
Silbury Hill. |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 517
Birch 875, ascribed to Overton, Wilts, Dr. Grundy thinks is really of
Overton, Yorks.
Birch 748, Pewsey. Maetelmesburg is Martinsell Camp. bbenbroce,
Ebbas’ Brook is now corrupted to Avebrick Farm.
Birch 750, Grittleton. East Fox Cottages appear as Hste Foxcotone.
Birch 751. Said to be Langley Burrell. Dr. Grundy says probably of
Kington Langley and Draycot Cerne.
Birch 752, Christian Malford. ‘he ford appears to have been at the
S.W. corner of the parish on the Avon, about 500 yards S. of the Church.
Birch 756, Swallowcliffe. An existing barrow is identified as Posses
Hiaewe and an existing chalk pit as Lytlan Crundelle. Chowlden Lane
seems to perpetuate Chealfa Dune (Calves Down).
Birch 757 and Kemble 611, Wylye. Apparently lands in Baverstock are
included in this charter as belonging to Wylye. Punteles Treow was
probably near Puntes Stan at the N.E. corner of Langford. Another
charter of Baverstock from Dugdale’s Jfonasticon, but not in either Birch
or Kemble is given here.
Birch 769, Beechingstoke. Birch 782, South Newton, and another S.
Newton charter from Dugdale’s Monasticon. The modern Stowford
represents the Stanford (Stoneford) of the charter. Frustfield represents
Pyrste Feida, but its precise locality can’t be identified.
Birch 783, 934. Little Langford. Dr. Grundy translates the word
foryrth which occurs in this survey ‘ projecting piece of ploughland.”
Puntes Stan is mentioned, surviving now as Powten Stone, a part of
Grovely Wood.
Birch, 788, 983, 1093. Rodbourne Cheney (Moredon). ‘hese charters
have been attributed to Mordon (Hants) and Mordon (Berks). Hreod
Burnan, Reed Bourne, gives its name to Rodbourne, and the River Worf
z.¢., the Ray, is mentioned. Purton [ge (Purton Island) is the eyot on the
Ray. Aettan Pen (Aetta’s Cattlepen) appears now as Pen Hill in Stratton
and Penhill Copse on Rodbourne boundary. Headdan Dune is probably
the origin of Haydon and Haydon Wick.
Birch 795. Perhaps the part of Wilton S. of the Nadder and E. of
Wilton Park.
Kemble 665, 778. Lands in Wilton. The great dyke running along the
top of the ridge between the Nadder and the Wylye is here called Grimes
dic. Apparently the boundary of Wilton and Wishford has been altered
since A.S, days.
Birch 10380, the S.W. part of Wilton parish. Birch 800, Nettleton.
Birch 832, 1004, Bishopstone, N. of the Ebble ; Ebbesbourne.
The paper concludes with an index of the principal names included in
this series of charters.
Memories. By the Right Honourable Viscount
Long of Wraxall, F.R.S. (Walter Long). With twenty
illustrations, London: Hutchinson & Co., Paternoster Row, E.C, 1923.
8vo, cloth, pp. xv. + 380.
Lord Long begins with memories of the first twelve years of his life at
518 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Dolforgan Park, Montgomeryshire, where his father, Walter Long, lived |
until in 1867 he succeeded his father at Rood Ashton. He notes how from |
that time onwards his father, a practical agriculturist himself, and a man i
of advanced ideas in farming, spent large sums of money in the “improve- |
ment” of the estate. Woods and hedges were grubbed up, small fields and |
small farms were thrown together into big ones, the land was deeply drained, |
and other things were done according to the most scientific teaching of the i
time. But Lord Long comes to the rather sad conclusion that “the greater |
part of the money he expended has been really unproductive.” The drains |
were too deep to serve their purpose, the big farms have had to be cut up |
again into small ones, as they were before, and the moral, in his view, seems |
to be that in farming matters it is dangerous to assume that the new fashion |
is going to be better than the old, until you have actually tried it. In 1875 (
his father died, and Lord Long assumed the responsibilities of the property, |
but he thinks that no young man should be allowed to undertake such
responsibilities until he has reached an age qualifying him for the position. —
lord Long gives reminiscences of his time as a pupil of Canon Tait, of |
Hilperton, then at school at Amesbury, under Mr. Meyrick, and then of his |
“five glorious years ” at Harrow, where he reached the sixth form, and was |
a member both of the cricket and football elevens. ‘Then follows his time |
at Oxford, at Christ Church. ‘ Next to Harrow I owe most to the House.” |
Whilst still an undergraduate he had an experience surely unique, and |
singularly prophetic of his future career; he was asked to become Con- |
servative candidate for Oxford, and Master of the V.W.H. Much of the |
Memories of course is concerned with his political career, as Parliamentary |
Secretary to the Local Government Board, 1886—1892, President of the |
Board of Agriculture 1892, President of the Local Government Board, 1900, |
and Chief Secretary for Ireland, Of his time in Ireland he has much that |
is interesting and entertaining to tell, and he deals with the five years’ |
fight and the triumphant suppression of rabies through the Dog Muzzling |
Order at considerable length. Some idea of the violence of the opposition |
which he faced at that time can be gained from the fact that a petition for |
his dismissal from office signed by 80,000 people was actually presented to |
Lord Salisbury. The Home Rule fight, the Ulster movement in 1914, the |
War, the Imperial War Conferences of 1917 and 1918, in which, as Colonial |
Secretary, he took the principal part, all afford opportunity for most en- |
lightening memories. In 1919 he became First Lord of the Admiralty, |
and has something to say of the reduction of the fleet, the sinking of the |
German ships, and the destruction of the fortifications of Heligoland, which |
he visited. A chapter is devoted to the Wiltshire Yeomanry, in which he |
received a commission whilst still at Oxford. He raised the Rood Ashton |
Troop in 1877, succeeded to the command of the regiment in 1898, and
himself trained a specially-recruited squadron as mounted infantry for the |
S. African War at Trowbridge. Of electioneering, hunting,coaching, cricket,
and yachting Lord Long has much to say, and says it all pleasantly, and
has apparently received the greatest kindness all through his life from
every body he has come in contact with, at least he gives us no evidence to the |
contrary. The illustrations include portraits of Viscount and Viscountess |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 519
Long; Brig.-Gen. W. Long; “Lord Long, Gen. Long, and David”; Mrs.
George Gibbs; several Groups of Cabinets and Imperial Conferences ; a
Meet of Hounds at Castle Lodge, Rood Ashton ; and views of the Exterior,
the Drawing Room, and the Screen in the Hall of S. Wraxall Manor.
Reviewed, Z7%imes, Nov. 27th, 1923; Woltshire Gazette, Nov. 29th, 1923,
and Jan. 10th, 1924; Woltshire Times, Dec. 1st, 1923.
‘Pond Barrows’’ and Circular Earthworks. A
New Theory. Under the title, “ The Roman Circus in Britain, some
new Identifications,’ Mr. A. Hadrian Allcroft, in Archxological Journal,
LXXVI., 96, sets forth the theory that the “ Pond Barrows” of Hoare,
the “Inverted Barrows ” of Stukeley, and other circular or elliptical earth-
works with the central space sunk below the natural level of the ground,
and surrounded by a low vallum with no ditch, are really carce of Romano-
British villages and settlements. This is not wholly a new idea, but it is
here worked out at length and in detail. Quite a number of these earth-
works have been recorded in Dorset. Of Wiltshire examples, Heywood
Sumner in Harthworks of Cranborne Chase has given plans of one on
Berwick St. John Down, and another on Swallowclitfe Down, here repro-
duced, which is cut through by the Shaftesbury to Salisbury road. Mr.
Alleroft argues that a circus was a necessary adjunct to every Roman
civitas, even in republican days. It was the municipal “ Moot” or
“Thing.’ The Italian cercus was developed from the Round Barrow, and
was primarily a“ Moot.” ‘ The irresistible inference is that the peculiar
British earthworks here under discussion are nothing more or less than the
municipal buildings of the adjoining settlements, and that they were con-
structed in lieu of the older native moots under Italian influence in days
subsequent to the Roman conquest.” Alfred (Orosius III., 1) says that
the czrcz in Britain were innumerable. The actual “Pond Barrows” of
Wilts are not specially mentioned.
The Age and Origin of the Wansdyke. By A. D.
Passmore. Antiquaries’ Journal, Jan., 1924, pp. 26—29. The writer argues
from the absence of mention of the dyke either by Roman historians or
Saxon chroniclers that its date must lie between 400 and 500 A.D., that it
is the turf wall from sea to sea mentioned by Gildas, and he suggests that
the occasion of its construction was this, “the Romans having left for
Gaul, Britain was invaded from the north and west (by the Picts and
Scots) ; the Roman wall was forced and all Roman posts burnt. Further
_ south the invasion was anticipated by the partial walling up of the gate-
i}
|
\
ways of stations and towns; the Britons were gradually driven back
_ almost to the south coast, when a Roman force returned (probably heavily
paid) to help to repel the invader. Landing on the south coast and joining
_ the local forces they drove the enemy back almost to the Thames. Content
_ with this, and under Roman advice, they constructed the Wansdyke from
_ the head of a natural barrier (the marshes of the Test and Anton extend-
_ ing from the sea to Andover) to the Severn sea, with its western end drawn
back along the Somerset hills to guard that part against the fleet of small
520 Wiltshire Books, Panvphlets, and Articles.
boats which we are told were used by the Scots: after this the Romans
departed leaving the Britons safe behind their new defences. In renewed
fighting the line seems to have been forced and a temporary retirement made
to the South Wilts dykes.” This theory is, of course, purely conjectural.
Mr. Passmore seems to be on surer ground in accounting for the very slight
evidence of the existence of the dyke in Savernake Forest by quoting
Cesar De Bello Gallico II., 17, “* The Nervii (to prevent inroads) cut into
young saplings and bent them over, and thus by the thick horizontal
growth of boughs and by intertwining with them brambles and thorns”
made a wall-like hedge “ which not only could not be penetrated but not
even be seen through.” He is probably right in contending that the bank
and ditch of the Wansdyke became in the forest lands a ‘“‘ hedge” of the
type that Cesar describes as used in Gaul.
The Age of Stonehenge. By E.H.Stone,F.S.A. Nineteenth
Century, Jan., 1924, pp. 97—105. Mr. Stone recalls the various theories as
to the date of the structure, dwells on the unique character of its design,
will not entertain the idea that it isa “stone circle,” or has any analogy
with stone circles at all, and maintains that all the evidence goes to prove
that it has nothing to do with the Round Barrows with which it is sur-
rounded, but was there before they were thrown up. He concludes that it
was probably erected at the end of the Neolithic age, cer. 2000 B.C., and
that possibly it was never finished owing to the coming of the Bronze Age
people.
Stonehenge as a Temple of Serpent Worship. 7he
Boston American published an article on Stonehenge entitled “Secret of |
the mystery of Stonehenge solved at last ? New Discoveries that make
archeologists believe that the weird circle of Ancient Stones was built by
snake worshippers as a Temple for a Serpent God,” with illustrations of
Stonehenge, of the plan of Avebury restored, an air photo of Stonehenge,
the serpent carvings at Carnac, and Moses and the Brazen Serpent, part of —
which is reprinted in the Wiltshire Gazette, March 6th, 1924. An extra-
ordinary hotchpotch of imagination from which we learn that during recent
restorations at Stonehenge Professor Franchet “went over the old sur- |
faces ” of the prostrate stones recently lifted, “ looking for possible carved
symbols” “and sure enough he found on several of them the carved figures
of serpents, long sinuous lines which could not be mistaken for anything |
else. And further, to verify this, there was still distinguishable the |
curious symbol of the sacred egg from which the serpent God was supposed
‘to be hatched.” From these remarkable discoveries at Stonehenge the
scientists adjourned to Avebury, “about 8 miles off,” where they found clear |
traces of the Serpentine Temple again in the plan of the monument. “The |
fact that the name of Overton was originally Ophis is very significant,
Ophis being the Greek name for Snake. Overton anciently then was known
as ‘‘Snake-town.” In his comments on this stuff the editor of the Gazette
remarks caustically that “ American readers like to read this sort of thing.”
The Stonehenge Avenue. A note in Antiquaries’ Journal, |
January, 1924, pp. 57—59, by O. G. S. Crawford, F.S.A., describes shortly |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 521
the finding of the ditches of the eastern branch of the avenue, as shown on
the air-photographs. Stukeley wrongly supposed that this branch continued
eastwards to Ratfyn. ‘Three trenches were cut across the newly-revealed
line in September, 1923, one between the two “ King Barrow” copses and
two others further south-east. ‘‘ In each instance we found the ditches of
the avenue without any difficulty, exactly where they were indicated on the
air-photograph.” “There are no certain traces of the avenue south of the
Amesbury Road, but in a grass field between it and West Amesbury Manor
there are two banks, one of them is clearly an old field boundary, the other
(a few feet east of it) is quite different and much wider and flatter. It is
in exact alignment with the eastern side of the avenue, and may be the
bank of it. There can in any case be no doubt that the avenue was con-
tinued across the road down tothe river at West Amesbury.” Mr. Crawford
suggests that “its primary purpose may have been the ceremonial transport
of the foreign stones from the river to Stonehenge (1 mile 1820 yards distant).
If this were so, it follows that they would have been transported by sea
from Pembrokeshire to the mouth of the Avon.” ‘There is a plan of
the course of the avenue,and a reproduction of an air photo with explanatory
diagram.
The History of Salisbury Infirmary. By Alderman
Charles Haskins, J.P... . with a Foreword by
the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Radnor. Published by the Salisbury
and District Infirmary and Hospital League. Salisbury Times Co., Ltd.,
Printers. 1922. Boards, 4to, pp. xiv.+ 46.
This book is reprinted from the pages of the Salisbury Times, in which
paper the history first appeared, and is printed in double column, as in the
paper. ‘he illustrations consist of views of The Infirmary as first erected
(from Wood’s drawing), Statue of Ld. Herbert of Lea at Salisbury,
The Herbert Convalescent Home, and fourteen excellent portraits of
benefactors and others prominent in the history of the place :—Alderman
Charles Haskins (the author); Anthony Ld. Feversham (the founder);
Henry, 10th Earl of Pembroke (first Visitor) ; William, 1st Earl of Radnor
(first President); Sir Alex. Powell (first Chairman) John Tatum (first
Surgeon): Charles Douglas 3rd Duke of Queensberry ; Catherine Duchess
of Queensberry; William Douglas 4th Duke of Queensberry ; Jacob 2nd
Earl of Radnor; William Hussey, M.P.; Jacob 6th Earl of Radnor;
Reginald 15th Earl of Pembroke; Major E. D. H. Buckley.
Lord Feversham bequeathed in 1763 £500 to the first Infirmany established
in Wilts “within five years after his decease.” On Aug. 21st, 1766, a
meeting of the principal inhabitants was held at the Vine Inn, near St.
Thomas’ Church, at which the project of establishing a General Infirmary
was set on foot, and in Oct. of that year a row of houses in Fisherton was
bought, and some of them furnished as a temporary hospital whilst the
Infirmary was being erected behind them. ‘The original rules for patients,
the table of diet, &c., are given.
The first “Infirmary Walk,” or anniversary service, was held at the
Cathedral on Sept. 17th, 1767. This was followed in after years by the
22 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
annual dinner at 2s. 6d. a head, for which on one occasion the Karls of |
Pembroke and Radnor presented a brace of fat bucks and Henry Dawkins.
Esq., of Standlynch, a turtle weighing 160 pounds. Begun in 1767, the new
building was opened for patients in August, 1771. Extracts are given from
the minute books and records, showing the cost of materials and building,
the plan of the original Infirmary, the furniture, the housekeeping accounts,
and statistics of the number of patients admitted and cured, &c.
In 1776 a motion was made to prevent the increase of tea-drinking, and that.
if such irregularities be continued, contrary to the orders of the physicians
and surgeons, the offenders shall be discharged.” In 1803 the porter was
ordered to brew 200 gallons of beer each fortnight for the inmates, each
person to have three pints a day. Until the introduction of vaccination in
1803, the deaths from smallpox in Salisbury averaged 70 to 80 per annum, but .
in 1849 they had fallen to 19. In the year 1849 Salisbury suffered from a |
cholera epidemic, the mortality of which was said to be greater than that
of any other towns in England except Hull and Merthyr Tydvil. The
deaths from the disease this year were 164. In 1858 ale ceased to be
brewed in the house, and the committee declared that although under the
rules “ the porter was expected to be an efficient brewer, baker, gardener, |
errand boy, and useful odd man, they found it impossible to obtain the three j
first-named qualifications united in one person. In 1867 the Herbert Con- |
valescent Home at Bournemouth was handed over to the infirmary as part {7
of the memorial to the Hon. Sidney Herbert, having cost £5838 17s. 1ld., |
while the statue in the Market Place by Foley cost £2021 18s. 10d. The |
new west wing of the Infirmary was completed in 1869, and a ward for |
children was opened in 1877 through the generosity of Miss Chafyn Grove, |)
who gave in all £4400. In 1901 the Victoria Nurses’ Home was completed, i.
and the many other improvements and additions made during the present |
century are fully described in their order, until in 1920 the present Infirmary
was formally condemned in a long report here given, advocating the build-
ing on another site of “a fully equipped and up-to-date hospital” in its |
place, with the result that Butts Farm, Castle Road, was bought in 1920 |)
for £5250 as the site of the future hospital. The history, which from the |
beginning down to the present time, consists chiefly of extracts from the |
records of the infirmary is completed by a list of officers since 1767 and |
a good index. Altogether a careful and’very useful epitome of the whole |
history of the institution.
The Sheela-na-gig at Oaksey. In Jan for Sept., 1923.
Vol. XXIII., pp. 140, 141, Miss M. A. Murray and Mr. A. D. Passmore |
have a short note on the very curious figure built into the north wall of
Oaksey Church east of the porch, with a very good photograph of the |
figure itself, and another of the wall of the Church. The figure measures 2
13 inches from the feet to the top of the head, and 6 inches from the point if
of one elbow to the point of the other. No opinion is hazarded as to theage |
of the figure, but ‘“‘a noticeable point is the size and importance of the left |
hand, this is also a suggestion that the figure is pre-Christian.” |
Some account of the figure was printed in Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxiv., 156. |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 023
Wessex White Horses and other Turf Landmarks
on the Great Western Railway. By D. V. Levien.
Paddington Station W.I. Sept., 1923.
Pamphlet, cr. 8vo, pp.15. Fifteen illusts. and folding map of G.W.R. line.
The Wilts illustrations are good photos of the Alton Barnes, Marlborough,
Cherhill, Broad Town, and Broad Hinton White Horses, but the Broad
Town horse is shown as it may perhaps have been years ago, but certainly
is not now, being overgrown and practically invisible. The letterpress,
founded, of course, largely on Plenderleath’s White Horses of the West of
England, but with a considerable amount of additional information, is
quite good. Plenderleath, for instance, wrote that the ‘‘Snobs’ Horse,”
cut by the shoemakers on Roundway Hill in 1845 or 1848, was (in 1885)
entirely invisible, but it is stated here that a few years ago the figure was
still to be distinguished owing to the deeper colour of the grass growing
upon it. As to the horse said in Chambers’s Encyclopedia to have been
cut on ‘‘ The Slopes,” Pewsey, of which Plenderleath says ‘‘ the traces are
almost, if not entirely, obliterated,” it is here said that it probably never
existed. Quite a useful little booklet.
“The Fonthill Abbey Sales of 100 years ago.” The
Wiltshire Gazette of Aug. 80th, Sept. 6th, 20th, and 27th, Oct. 4th, 11th,
18th, Nov. 1st, 29th, 1923, gives a series of reprints of the contemporary
reports in the Devizes Gazette of the “ Sales of the contents of Fonthill Abbey
held in the autumns of 1822 and 1823.” Sosays the first of these reports, but
in the issue of Sept. 20th, the editor says :—‘‘We have been misleading our
readers, being ourselves misled. There were not two sales—there was one
only, that of 1823. That is public sales, sales by auction. The much-talked-
of auction sale of 1822 never took place.” ‘The advertisement of this (1822)
sale is reprinted from the Salisbury Journal, where Mr. Christie announces
the sale as to take place on Oct. Ist, and the nine following days (Sunday
excepted), and that the view will positively close on Sept. 28th. Next week
it was announced that the view will be continued until Oct. 5th, and the sale
will be postponed until Oct. 8th, and the Journal of Oct. 7th stated that the
sale “ will positively commence to-morrow.” The Devizes Gazette, however,
of Oct. 10th contains the following “ Intelligence, which appears of an
authentic character, states that the whole estate has been sold by private
contract to Mr. Farquhar, a rich East India merchant. The sum given has
not been stated, but it is supposed to exceed £300,000. Every article in the
Abbey goes with it, with the exception of the family plate and pictures,
and a very few favourite rarities. . . . It appears that the cause of this
magnificent place being sold is that Mr. Beckford had suffered great and
irreparable losses in his West India property. ‘he truth is, that there are
executions in the Abbey at this moment to the amount of £80,000.” This,
however, is directly denied on good authority in the Gazette of Oct. 10th.
The Gazette of Oct. 17th, 1822, contained an article on Mr. Farquhar, the
purchaser of Fonthill, now reprinted. Born at Aberdeen, he went out early
in life to India, occupied himself in chemical research, and was called in to
the assistance of the Government in the manufacture of gunpowder, finally
wen. XLI—NO. CXL. 2N
524 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
becoming sole contractor to the Government for its supply. He came back
from India with a fortune of half a million, but lived most penuriously un-
married in a house which was never cleaned, with one old woman servant,
whilst his wealth accumulated. Up to the date of his purchase of Fonthill, |
when he was about 65, his domestic expenditure had not exceeded £200 a |
year, though he was said to be worth then £1,500,000. |
On Jan. 6th, 1797, during the building of the Abbey, Mr. Beckford gave |
a great féte, entertaining the 800 workmen, 1000 poor people of Fonthill, |
Hindon, and the neighbourhood at a dinner for which an ox and ten sheep |
were roasted whole, whilst bread and strong beer were provided for 10,000
of the multitude of strangers who attended. The Mayor and Corporation |
of Salisbury were present and dined at 5 o’clock in the Grecian Hall, the |
chief joint being a piece of beef which required four men to carry it, whilst
three punch bowls containing ten gallons apiece stood on the tables.
The “ Abbey,” begun in 1796, was finished in 1807, having cost, it is said, |
£700,000, when the Fonthill House built by Alderman Will. Beckford on |
the site of an earlier house destroyed by fire in 1755, at a cost of £250,000, |
was demolished, and its materials sold for £12,000. On Dec. 21st, 1825, |
the tower of the “ Abbey” fell, destroying a great part of the rest of the |
building. Of the extraordinary rush from all over England to “ view” |
Fonthill in 1822 the Gazette of Oct. 2nd gave a graphic description. ‘“ He |
is fortunate who finds a vacant chair within twenty miles of Fonthill,” “the |
beds through the county are (literally) doing double duty: people who |
come in from a distance during the night must wait to go to bed until |
others get up in the morning.” Reproductions of Storer’s and Rutter’s |
engravings of ‘“‘ The Abbey in 1812,” and “The Interior of the Abbey, St.
Michael’s Gallery,” are given. |
The actual advertisements, and many of the accounts of the sale of 1823, |
day by day, are reprinted from the old files of the Gazette. It is noted |
that a large painting of the house “ reedified and elegantly improved by | |
Francis Cottingham, Esq.,” by Geo. Lambert, 1740, was sold for £8 8s. i
This house was burnt to the ground in Alderman Beckford’s time. There |”
was also sold a water colour drawing by Wyatt of the Abbey as first |”
designed. ‘This design showed a spire reaching the height of 400ft., which |
was actually erected in wood (to try the effect) and was blown down in a| —
storm. Mr. Beckford’s dwarf Pero is described. A correspondent from|~
Bath writes that four of the ceiling pictures from Fonthill, by Casali, are|
now (1928) in the ceiling of the Lecture Koom at the Royal Literary Insti-|
tution, at Bath. The prices of some of the principal objects sold are given,|~
and the story of the Cellini Cup, of Hungarian topaz, which a Mr. Lewis) ji
at the sale had the temerity to declare was of crystal, and not topaz, to the|~
great indignation of the auctioneer, is reprinted from the Salisbury Journal.|~
A supplementary three days’ sale disposed of the ordinary furniture of) .
the Abbey, including fifty-three bedsteads and a hundred feather beds.| 1
The fall of the tower, on Dec. 21st, 1825, is described in the contemporary] .
reports. By its fall the Hall, the Goce and great part of the N. and S.|__
Galleries were ruined. It is noted that Mr. George Mortimer, a nephew of} .
Mr. Farquhar, being in the woollen trade, built a large factory and other, —
buildings near the old house at Fonthill, at the end of the lake, to the great) ~
disfigurement of the scenery. I
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 525
Fonthill Abbey. Britton versus Rutter. ‘The Wiltshire
Gazette, Jan. 24th and 31st, 1924, prints a number of unpublished letters
touching the rival books on Fonthill Abbey published by Britton and Rutter
respectively. Letters from Beckford to Britton, from Thos. Adams, of Bath,
who apparently was printing a priced catalogue of the Fonthill sale in 1823,
from W. Hatcher, &c., are amongst them.
Robert Drysdale, Tutor to William Beckford.
Sir James Balfour Paul, C.V.O., contributes to the Wiltshire Gazette,
Feb. 14th, 21st, 28th, March 6th and 18th, 1924, a series of letters found
recently in an old house in Edinburgh, addressed to the Rev. James Nairne,
minister of Pittenweem between 1776 and 1790, by an old fellow student at
St. Andrew’s, named Robert Drysdale, who matriculated there in 1765.
Sir James begins by clearing up the facts of Lord Mayor Beckford’s marriage,
which are not correctly given either by Cyrus Redding, Lewis Melville, or
the Dictionary of National Biography. Lord Mayor Beckford married only
once, Maria (Hamilton), widow of Francis Marsh, by whom she had a
daughter, Elizabeth, afterwards Mrs. Harvey. By the Lord Mayor she was
the mother of Beckford, of Fonthill. Drysdale was his first tutor, and the
first letter is dated from Fonthill, 13th Oct., 1768, when Fonthill House
had been fourteen years in building and was ‘not yet quite finished.”
Beckford’s half-sister, Elizabeth, then 18 or 19, is spoken of as a prodigy of
learning. Beckford himself was 8 years old, read and spoke French well,
and had begun Latin. The ‘Grand Apartment” at Fonthill is described as
a cube of 36ft. vaulted in stone with an organ in the centre, paved with
Italian marbles, and the ceiling painted by Casali, the marble mantelpiece
elaborately mythological. ‘There were six doors, all of the finest mahogany.
The dining room was 42ft. long by 24ft. broad, with family portraits by
Casaliand Hoare. The bed in the State Bedroom was the finest in England.
In 1771 Drysdale left the Beckfords and in 1777 became tutor to the sons
of Richard Dawkins, M.P. for Southampton, at Standlynch Park. His four
pupils were probably :—Henry, 3rd son, b. 1765, afterwards M.P. for
Aldborough; Richard, 5th son, Edward, and Charles. Here he remained
till 1786. In 1790 he stayed some months at Fonthill with his old pupil
and accompanied him to Paris.
aN 2
526
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum,
Presented by Dr. R. C. C. Cuay: The entire collection of the objects of
the Early Iron Age found during the Excavation of 107 |
Pits on Fifield Bavant Down, described in the Magazine |
for June, 1924, and the series of original drawings from |
which the paper is illustrated. Also a number of |
accurate scale models of the Pits. |
if » Mr. R. S. Newari: Cast of remarkable perforated Stone |
Mace Head from Wylye. )
Library.
Presented by THz AutHor, Mr. A. D. Passmore: “ d/an” for Sept., |
1923, containing note on the figure on the N. wall of |
Oaksey Church. |
b » HE AuTHoR, THE Rt. Hon. Viscount Lone or WRAXALL: |
“Memories.” 1903. .
e » Mrs. Story MAsketyNne: The Bristol Diocesan Review |
for 1923. |
i » Me. F. H. Gotpnery: “ The Chrysalis unfolding,” by Will. fi
Quartermaine, of Littleton Drew. 1880. {7
Ps , THe AutHor, Margaret K. Swayne Epwarps: “The|)
Lure of the Plain.” From Open Air, Jan., 1924. 1h
‘ , Mr. E. H. Sronz, F.S.A.: Archeologia, Vol. 72, for 1921 | ]
—22, “Stonehenge—the Heel Stone,” art. in Man,|
May, 1924. iP
., » Mr. B. H. Cunnineton: A case for the illuminated volume| —
of the “Constitutions of Devizes.” Pamphlets, illus-
trations, &c. Kelly’s Directory, Hants, Wilts, and! —
Dorset. 1915. “Wessex White Horses.” 192310)
Devizes Almanack. it
Li , Rev. E. Ruys Jones: *‘ Amesbury Old and New,” by John) —
Soul. 1923. it
Tue AUTHOR, THE LATE Mr. ARTHUR SCHOMBERG : “Dug”
dale of Seend ” (with four original drawings from which! ©
the illustrations were taken).
Mr. J. J. SuaDE: Seven Wilts Sale Catalogues. “ Devizes
and District.” Reprints from the (Gazette of “The
Constitutions of Devizes.” F
THe Marquis or LANSDOWNE, through Lorp KERRY: 4
large ‘box of deeds, &c., connected with the Bowood
Estates, Cline Colston Id.
Additions to Museum and Library. 527
Presented by THe AvutHor, O. G. S. Crawrorp: ‘“ Air Survey and
Archeology.” Reprinted from the Geographical
Journal, May, 1923.
- » THE AutHor, Mrs. M. E. Cunnineton: ‘ The Early Iron
Age Inhabited Site at All Cannings Cross Farm. A
Description of the Excavations and the Objects found,
1911—1922, 1923.” 4to.
Vols. 68 to 71 of Archzologia.
=e » LHE AuTHoR, Rev. F. RarKes: “ Recollections of Village
Life on Salisbury Plain.” 1924. Pamphlet, 8vo.
528
v OT 9g : Z6I “ISTE Lequieoeq] “sourleg
I Lt @9
0 OL a past ee esvo JO souvADAUIO()
9 I P eee oe eee are solipung 9
eS Gy tar pe a ayOD pu ‘194A ‘SPY ® Obs
Ok sah ee oVIp soho dury Se Gicge
0 OL F pias “- UWNIUeIg souBINsUy d11 Gale cies:
Ce lee winoesnyy uo xey, puvy pue Aynq ssnoy Oi Ee
EE <8 yet UCTYET) pue vinesn yy 04 suOlIIPPV
0) 0) gle , Seseye) MON WL iy
Dies Fi SENAIASYAasTd Bese a
‘dNOd AWONVNEDINIVA WOUSOIN
jl SIE TSS tal Bl eeey
vy VIGh ce E261 “IS1E doquiesed ‘sourleg 0 Or
#6 € 893
Sa S OP
9 IT 3 “" UOlssiwwUoH pue Areped 8,A1e491900q [eIoueuly 6 SL &Z
O-2O=/ 9G e24 JoyeVyjoreyn winesn yy Jo Areleg 0 ¢
Coe Gl se fe 91 Lz
Oe Sil cOl = = 6El “ON O OL LPG
Ce le 28S) eae ee 8él “ON
‘p's dew SECTS ay” on ‘SUIABIOUY ‘SUIQUIIG
21 Gola. , sosuod xy
Snoouyeosijy pure ‘saseysog ‘oseri1eD ‘A19U0Tye4G q Gi Ge
Pe SINHWNAHSHYOASTA 2S ape
8 11 Wesn]y 10j sey MeN JooseyoAng spIvAroy suoTeUo
OR Less
9 G6 &
WINESsN] WOIJ sesedg jo seg
syoog oyevoldnq pue sonso[eyeg jo e[eg
xO ut SU OH ENC Er De wnesny, 0} SUOTSSIUIPVY
“* suorydlosqng
__ sild HOW
' $76 ‘4ST Adenuerp ‘oouvleg
pepunjel sp1osevy [voo'T uo
eouerejuoy, posodoid 03 uolmdriosqug¢
sc ysoloquy YOOIG IVA\ pus yueg
= SuUTJIO|\ [eNnUUY JO Sps0001g
B08 ese se MOOT Jo aeG
see SOUIZeSVIN Pue SyOOd Jo Se[eVg
pun diysitequeyy oji'y Worj Jojsuery,
€% SsuoTydidosqng [eNUUY pUuv see,q ooURAZUT
Sid HOWd
EZ6L ‘GS[ Aqenuve ‘souRleg
SLNOQOOOV ‘IVYANAD
"EZ6[ ‘AVA OY} JO} syuNOoDDY
‘ALAIOOS AYOLSIH IVHYNLVYN GNV ‘TVOIDOTOHWHOYV FYIHSLITAL
l=P)
NX
Ke)
"fhinqasay gnuunursg
Lb $1
ZS
ST
av F
T 8
4
D'S
OL VI SIL
‘S4OnpNY {.
‘SNIMdOH ‘WM PC6L ‘ACI [IGT
NATAVM ‘V ‘S ‘9 “49901109 punoj pue poyipny
S361 ‘481 Arenues ‘aoueleq
wei suolydiiosqng OMY,
ser qsoloquy Yue ssutaeg
E66I “4ST Arenuesr ‘souvleg
oe puny [e1suex4) WO, Jojsuesy,
PIOs s99¥oHT9I0() SSUIABG [eto1q N wo pansooe qso.10} 0]
‘ow ‘syoog oyeorjdnq Jo 9[¥g
sjoolqo [voIsojouyyy Jo e[ea
EZBI ‘ISI Arvenue rp ‘oouRleg
es SUIOOY S.JoyBjoreA Jo quey
500 - ezel Ys, Arenuve ‘sourleg
‘NHOMO CGIAVd
ee EZ6I ‘ISIE Joquisoeq “oourled Ay Oe Ie
ps g
‘GNOd ~INHHOD HO NOWIS dOHSId AO YWHLSIOX
Lr Slt essia7
4 0) O IG eee
EZET “ISIE Loquieseq ‘yuvg ssulaeg UI 90Ue[eg eG leew
ore quNnODDY [V19us4) 0} Y4U9}-0UO 8 @ 19
pos ¥
‘GNOd dIHSdHaNa WATT
OT FI SITs
6 eee
L
y Gh
EZ6L “ISTE Joquisoeq, ‘souv[Veg O30 Fes
AIVIQIT pue unesnyy 1oJ soseyoing AIpung O 3 Or °°
DS F
‘GNONd ASVHOUNd WOUSOWN
iy O Gea
0, 0 Sls
oe EZ6I “ISIE Jaqulooaq “souRleq Fr 0 O8
“SINAN ASH NASIG 1D “Se
“SLdiGOda
tet hl oe ee Sa a a
‘aNQNA
LNYNADAUVINGA WOWSOW
530
rin
COND OOCO ae)
cin
oS
€ 6 O&F
- S261 “AS g Jaquie.eq] ‘qouRleq
a BULAIND SSVI)
= te aye) sulyuleg
ge syo[qdureg UO UOISSIWIWIO/)
eavopAe Mm “ye ‘esnoqqoH “HW ‘0 JIS OCG ees :
ee ae syoqdueg suryulg race AGre ae :
a a Nop TOYRIIILD I1¢ 6@ °° :
‘SLNAN ASU AGSIa FO) riett Somes 3
"eZEL “ISTE Joquiexeq] SuIpue Avex oy} JOF yUNDDIDY
‘NHYVA AALIL NOAV-NO GHOdAdVdd
ee "* pjos sjyerydueg
me “* S90. SLOJISTA
SS6L ‘ISTE Joquieoeq ‘eouvled
‘SLdIHOCa
Seer) si ioe Ste, See ee, Be eee ee ee Ee
C. H. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS (Continwed).
STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. 6d. ‘This still remains the best and most
reliable account of Stonehenge and its Earthworks.
WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS O# JOHN
AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1967 Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
Canon J. K. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates,
Price £2 10s.
WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES I. 8vo,
pp. vii. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. I[., and ED. II. 8vo.
pp. xv., 505. In parts as issued. Price 13s,
DITTO. FROM THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six
parts as issued. Price 13s.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY or tHe GREAT STONE MONUMEN'S oF
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE ann AVEBURY, with other references,
by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No. 89, Dec.
1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books
papers, &c., by 732 authors,
THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. Animportant work in 2 vols., 8vo,
pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many '
Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
members, £2. )
BOOKBINDING.
Books carefully Bound to pattern.
Wilts Archzological Magazine bound to match previous volumes.
We have several back numbers to make up sets.
C. i. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes,
North Wilts Museum and |
LIBRARY AT DEVIZES.
= |
In answer to the appeal made in 1905 annual subscriptions
varying from £2 to 5s. to the amount of about £30 a year for this:
purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of —
the Society and the fund thus set on foot has enabled the
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the Tunes and
Museum. |
It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at > lea
£50 a year in order that the General Fund of the Society may
be released to a large-extent from the cost of the Museum nt
set free for the other purposes of the Society. 3
Subscriptions of 5s. a year, or upwards, are asked for, andl
should be sent either to Mr. D. Owgn, Bank Chambers, Devizes, |
or Rev. HE. H. ie ito Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, —
—
The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and others
to secure any
pee —— te
Objects of Antiquity,
AND |
Natural History Specimens,
: ii
wee) tae
2 ti alate ia.
found in the County of Wilts and to forward them to the
Hon. Curator, Mr. B. H. Cunnineron, Devizes;
Whilst Old Deeds, Modern Pamphlets, Articles, |
Portraits, Tilustrations from recent Magazines, |
or Papers” bearing in any way on the County |
and Sale, Particulars of Wiltshire Properties |
: as well. as local Parish vOenncen ’
: canis
C. H. WOODWARD, MACHINE PRINTER, DEVIZES.
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols.
Vili., XVv1., xXxiv., and xxxil. The subsequent Volumes are
each fully indexed separately,
The annual subscription is now raised to 15s. 6d., the entrance fee
for new Members remaining 10s. 6d. as before.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. Davip Owen, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.
The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 The “Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the
Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
_Subsceriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
tary: the Rev, E. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS.
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo.
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the
Public 16s. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.
CATALOGUE or tot STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES
IN THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price Is. 6d.
CATALOGUE or ANTIQUITIES in tore SOCIETY’S MUSEUM.
Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price 2s,
CATALOGUE or tHe SOCIETY’S LIBRARY art toe MUSEUM.
Price 1s. APPENDIX No. 1I., II., and III., 3d. each.
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, AND Maps, In THE SOCIETY’S
LIBRARY at tos MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS 1n tue SOCIETY’S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tut MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 8s., 5s. 6d.,
and 3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, theprice of which is raised).
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices.
:
No. CXLL DECEMBER, 1924. Von. XLIL
THE
WILTSHIRE
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE,»
. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY,
Jace bales 8) 2%, |
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this ‘‘ Magazine” are alone responsible for all
statements made therein].
DEVIZES :
PRINTED FOR THE Society By C. H. Woopwakrp,
EXcHANGE Burupines, Station Roap.
Price 8s. Members, Gratis.
Derbyshire Archzeological
Natural History Society.
FOUNDED 1878.
St. Mary's Bridge Chapel House, Derby.
Dist OF OFFICERS FOR 1935.
President :
THE DUKE OF BEVONSHIRE, K.G.
Vice- Presidents :
THE Rr. REvpD. Lorp THE MARQUIS OF HARTINGTON, M.P.
BISHOP OF DERBY. REv. CANON R. L. FARMER.
Capt. FITZHERBERT WRIGHT. BriG.-GEN. GODFREY MEYNELL,
THE DUKE oF PoRTLAND, K.G. C.M.G.
Sir Geo. SITWELL, Bart, F.S.A. P. H. CurREY.
THE DUKE OF RUTLAND, F.S.A. Rev. PREB. CLARK-MAXWELL, M.A.
Dr. H. H. BEMROSE. Eric HASLAM.
R. A. F. LONGDon.
Council :
H. E. Currey, M.A. Bric.-GEN. MEYNELL.
R. A. F. Lonepon. REv. A. W. FLETCHER.
W. E. L. Hopson. W. H. M. MarspeEn.
Major F. R. Griaas. P. H. CurREyY.
VERY Rev. H. Ham. S. T. Nasu.
REV. CANON FARMER. T. L. Tupor.
Dr. SADLER. C. E. LUGARD.
W. H. HAnBuRY. REv. PREB. CLARK-MAXWELL.
Mrs. MARGRET Evans, B.A. T. E. Routu.
Capt. BLACKWALL. W. H. WALTON.
G. A. LONGDEN. Jj. P. HEATHCOTE.
E. Hastam. BISHOP OF DERBY
Hon. Editor:
#. WILLIAMSON.
Hon. Secretary : Hon. ‘Treasurer :
Rev. R. F. Borouau., M.A. D. E. Bower, Cricu, Near
MATLOCK.
Hon. Librarian:
S. TAYLOR.
Hon. Auditors :
CooPER-ParRRY, Hartt, DoucHty & Co
County Representative Ancient Monuments’ Board for England
THomas L. Tupor.
Bankers :
WESTMINSTER BANK, LTD., IRONGATE, DERBY.
Wn
Members of the Society are reminded that
every Member of the Council has a key ofthe
_ Society’s Offices which can be borrowed by
‘members wishing to use the Offices.
AOMASDISDDISSRLADOOUGDLHNDATAO
LIST OF MEMBERS.
The members whose names are preceded with an asterisk (*)
are FAMILY members.
¢ JUNIOR members.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Andrew, W. J., F.S.A., The Old House, Michelmersh, Romsey
Ferrers, Rt. Hon. Earl, F.S.A., Staunton Harold, Ashby-de-la-Zouch
Garstang, F., B.A., F.S.A., The University, Liverpool
Leech, W., 35, Carlton Road, Derby
Thompson, A. Hamilton, M.A., F.S.A., Beck Cottage, Adel, Leeds
LIFE MEMBERS.
Babbington, Capt. M., Ruthley Mere, Godalming, Surrey
Bassett, J., Hillside, Ashover, Derbyshire
Bemrose, Henry H., M.A., SeD., F.G.S., Ash Tree House, Derby
Davidson, H. H., Repton, Derby.
Eyre, Lewis, Padley, Edge Hill, Wimbledon, Surrey
Fentem, Dr. Thomas, Dagnall, The Avenue, Bakewell
FitzHerbert, N. H., The Hall, Somersal Herbert, Derby.
FitzHerbert, Rev. Regd. H. C., Comberford Cottage, Tamworth
Goodman, Sir Godfrey, K.C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., Eccles House, Chinley
*Hunter, John, Quarry Bank, Belper
Longden, G. A., Draycott Lodge, Derby
Manton, J. O., 49, Bourtonville, Buckingham
Oxley, S. A. N., Ephphatha, 5, Grange Road, Ealing, London, W.5
Portland, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., Welbeck, Notts
Robinson, V. O., Chander Hill, Chesterfield
Thornhill, C. McCreagh, Stanton-in-the-Peak, Derbyshire
MEMBERS.
Andrews, H. J., '' Oaklands,” 20, Mansfield Road, Heanor
Arkwright, Miss F., Bole Hill, Wirksworth, Derby
Armstrong, Mrs., White Gables, Duffield Road, Allestree, Derby
Ashby, Dr. Elizabeth, Friar Gate, Derby
Aspdin, Mrs. E. A., “‘ Castle Mount,’’ Belper Road, Derby
Attwood, Mrs., ‘‘ Westleigh,’’ Radbourne Street, Derby
Austin, J., 8, Woodholm Road, Beauchief, Sheffield
2
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Bagshawe, Mrs. Gisborne, Snitterton Hall, Matlock
Ball, Major C. F., Grammar School, Ashbourne
Barrington, Miss D., Kirk Langley, Derby
Bartram, J. C., Devonia, Bakewell Road, Darley Dale, Matlock
Bateman, Mrs. F. O. F., Hartington Hall, near Buxton
Bell, J., Melbourne, Derby
Betterton, Mrs. Herbert, Hoon Ridge, Hilton, Derby
Birmingham Public Libraries—Reference Library, Ratcliff Place,
Birmingham
Blackwall, Capt. Henry, Old Chapel House, Lea, Matlock
Borough, Rev. R. F., Bradbourne Vicarage, Ashbourne
Borough, R. J. M., Market Lavington, Devises.
*Bower, Denys E., Crich, near Matlock
*Bower, J. H., Crich, near Matlock
Bradbury, F., F.S.A., Tapton Lodge, Sheffield
Brentnall, W., Curzon Street, Derby
Brigg, J. J., Kildwick Hall, near Keighley, Yorks.
Briggs, W. G., Woodlands, Park Grove, Derby
Brighouse, Mrs. S., Hawthorns, Bole Hill, Wirksworth
Bunting, W. Braylesford, Scavefield, ManchesterRoad, Chapel-en-le-
Frith, via Stockport
Burton, Rev. R. Jowett, M.A., Hyde Brae, Chalford, Stroud, Glos.
Buxton Public Library—The Librarian
California University Library, Berkley, California, per B. F. Stevens
& Brown, Ltd., 28/30 Little Russell Street, London, W.C.1.
Chambers, C. B., The Gables, Holmwood, Chesterfield
Chandos-Pole, Mrs., Radbourne Hall, Derby
‘Chesterfield Public Library, The Librarian,
Chetham Library, Hunts Bank, Manchester—H. Crossley, Librarian
Chicago University Library, Order Division, Harper W. 21, Chicago,
Illinois, U.S.A. (per Henry Sotheran, Ltd., 43, Piccadilly,
London, W.1.)
Clark-Maxwell, Rev. Preb., Mackworth House, Derby
Clark-Maxwell, Mrs., Mackworth House, Derby
Clark, Mrs. D’Arcy, The Lawn, Etwall
Cleaver, H. R., The Old Vicarage, Alfreton
Cleveland, Public Library, 325, Superior Avenue, N.E., Cleveland,
Ohio, U.S.A. (per Henry Sotheran, Ltd., 43, Piccadilly, London,
W.1.)
Clowes, L. A., Norbury Hall, Ashbourne
Cockerton, R. W. P., Bakewell, Derby
Coke, Roger Sacheverell, Brookhill Hall, Derby
Coles, Miss, Field Cottage, Lime Avenue, Duffield
Coleman, Rev. W. L., Wingerworth Rectory, Chesterfield
Cooper, Mrs., Culland Hall, Brailsford, Derby
Cooper, Miss, Culland Hall, Brailsford, Derby
Cornell University Library—per E. G. Allen & Son, 12-14, Grape
Street, London, W.C. 2. a L
SE =
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Crosse, Rev. Michael, 24, Ashbourne Road, Derby
Currey, H. E., Eaton Hill, Derby
Currey, Percy enh Hatherings, Little Eaton, Derby
Currey, Rev. Fr. R. H.S.,c/o Miss Currey, Rock House, 57, Kedleston
Road, Derby
Derby, Rt. Rev. The Lord Bishop of, Breadsall Mount, Derby
Derby, Very Rev. The Provost of, Provost’s House, Derby
Derby Railway Institute—G. W. Woolliscroft, Hon. Sec.
Derby Public Library—F. Williamson, Director
Derbyshire County Library, County Education Offices, St. Mary’s
Gate, Derby
Devonshire, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., Chatsworth
Drew, Mrs. G., Cringleford Hall, Norwich
Eagle, E. C., 30, Aspley Park Drive, Nottingham
East Derbyshire Field Club—Miss N. Blake, 4, Cobden Road, Chestere
field
Edmunds, W. H., ‘‘ Scarsdale House,’’ Chesterfield
Evans, H. L., 106, Kedleston Road, Derby
Evans, Mrs., 106, Kedleston Road, Derby.
Every, Lady, Egginton Hall, Derby
Every, Miss E., 18, Montague Street, Portman Square, W.1.
Eyre, Mrs., The Farmlet, Codnor, Derby
Farmer, Rev. Canon R. L., Shardlow Rectory, Derby
Firth, E. Willoughby, Highcliffe Hotel, Bournemouth
Fletcher, Mrs. Astle, Cedarville, Breaston, Derby
Fletcher, Rev. A. W., Repton Vicarage, Derby
Fletcher, Mrs., Castle Donington, Nr. Derby
Fletcher, Mrs. J., Maxey House, Duffield
Fowler, Sir Henry, Spondon Hall, Derby
Funnell, Mrs., Denes Place, Eaton Bank, Duffield
Gee, Mrs. J., Duffield Bank, Duffield
Godfrey, W. E., 14, Spring Bank Road, Chesterfield
Goodey, Miss H. R., 40, Ashbourne Road, Derby
Grattan, Miss Marjorie, Town Street, Duffield
Green, Mrs. A., The Pastures, Duffield, Derby
Gretton, Rt. Hon. Col. John, M.P., Stapleford Hall, Melton-Mon whray
Griggs, Major F. R., Wigwell Grange, Wirksworth
Grundy, A. G., Repton, Derby
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Ham, Mrs., Provost’s House, Derby
Hanbury, W. H., 16, Woodland Road, Derby
Harcombe, Rev. E. T., Melbourne Vicarage, Derby
Hardy, Mrs. C., Church Lane, Darley Abbey, Derby
Harlow, C., Littleholm, Stenson Road, Littleover, Derby
Hartington, The Marquis of, 2, Upper Belgrave Street, London, S. W.1
Haslam, W. G., North Lees, Duffield Road, Derby
Haslam, Miss, Breadsall Priory, Derby
Haslam, Eric S., Breadsall Priory, Derby
Haverfield Library, Oxford
Hawkes, Miss N. I., 21, Norfolk Street, Derby
*Heathcote, J. C., Birchover, Matlock
*Fleathcote, J. P., Post Office, Birchover, Matlock
Heywood, Mrs., 75, St. James’s Court, Buckingham Gate, S.W.1.
Hobson, Miss, 8, North Parade, Derby
Hodson, W. E. L., Bradbourne Hall, Ashbourne
Holden, W. H., c/o City and Provinces Bank, 11 and 12, Fenchurch
Street, London, E.C.3.
Holmes, F. A., F.R.G.S., Spring Gardens, Buxton.
Hull, P. W., The Knowle, Hazelwood, Derby
Hunter, Miss Pauline, 63, Empress Road, Derby
Inglefield, Lady, Flower Lilies, Windley, Derby
Inglefield, G., Flower Lilies, Windley, Derby
Inglefield, John Crompton, Parwich Hall, Ashbourne
Inglefield, Mrs. John Crompton, Parwich Hall, Ashbourne
Irwin, Rev. Dr., Duffield Vicarage, Derby
Jeffrey, T. C., Thorpe, Ashbourne
Jenkyns, S. S., Repton
Johnson, Rev. H. J. T., The Oratory, Birmingham
Jourdain, Rev. Francis C.R., M.A., M.B.O.U., F.Z.S., Whitekirk,
Southbourne, Bournemouth
Keene, C. B., Market Place, Derby
Kerr, Philip Walter, College of Arms, Queen Victoria Street, London,
E.C. 4.
Key, J. Clifford, Oak Hill, Cromford
Kilvert, Mrs. J. E., Nuns Green, Friar Gate, Derby
)
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Kirby, J. N., Vicarage Lane, Duffield, Derby
Kirby, Mrs., Vicarage Lane, Duffield, Derby
Knowles, R. E., F.S.A., The Cottage, Birtles Road, Macclesfield
Largan, Miss A. M., Lea Hurst, Holloway, Matlock
Lawrance, Rev. H., M.A., Boynton Vicarage, near Bridlington
Leeke, Rev. W. M., Kirk Langley Rectory, Derby
Lewis, Lieut.-Col. G.A., Highfield Road, Derby
Lewis, Mrs., Highfield Road, Derby
Lichfield, The Very Rev., The Dean of, The Deanery, Lichfield
London Library, St. James’s Square, London, S.W.1.
Long Eaton Free Library—A. Hooper, Hon. Sec.
Longden, Mrs., Draycott Lodge, Derby
*Longdon, Miss, Marchington Hall, Staffordshire
*Longdon, R. A. F., Marchington Hall, Staffordshire.
Longsdon, E. M., Little Longstone, Bakewell
*Loveday, H., Ananmore, Quarndon, Derby
*Loveday, Mrs., Ananmore, Quarndon, Derby
Lowis, O. R., Brunswick House, Radbourne Street, Derby
Lugard, C. E., The Wheatcroft, Ashover, Chesterfield
McInnes, E., Littleover, Derby
Macfarlane, W. A., Bemrose School, Derby
Malins, R. F. J., 68, Derby Road, Long Eaton, near Nottingham
Manchester Public Libraries—(C. Nowell, F.L.A.), Piccadilly, Mane
chester
Manchester University Library—Chas. Leigh, Librarian
Marples, F., Somercote, Little Bole Hill, Wirksworth
Marsden, Mrs., Narrow End, Brookside, Chesterfield
Marsden, R. L., Narrow End, Brookside, Chesterfield
Marsden, W. H. Milnes, “‘ Bosnia,’’ Windley Crescent, Duffield Road,
Derby
Marsden-Smedley, A. S., Normanhurst, Matlock
Marsden-Smedley, J. B., Lea Green, Matlock
Marsden-Smedley, Mrs., Marsh Green, Ashover, Derbyshire
Martin, Miss N., Codnor Park, Derby
Merivale, A., Sydney House, Church Street, Littleover
Merivale, Mrs. A., Sydney House, Church Street, Littleover
*Meynell, Brig-Gen. Godfrey, Meynell Langley, Derby
Meynell, Major Hugo, Kirk Langley Rectory, Derby
6
LIST OF MEMBERS.
*Meynell, Mrs., Meynell Langley, Derby.
Meynell, Miss E., Grange Farm, Derby Road, Ashbourne
Meynell, Miss Margaret, Kirk Langley Rectory, Derby
Miller, H. N., ‘‘ Aden,’’ Chesterfield Road, Alfreton
*Montford, Miss, Quarry Bank, Belper
Mosley, Capt., Hulland Hall, Derby
Mosley, Miss, Hulland Hall, Derby
Nadin, J., Station Road, Mickleover, Derby
Nash, S. T., Cubley, Derby
Needham, T. Ashby, Redseats, Chapel-en-le-Frith, via Stockport
New Mills Free Library—D. Bennett, Town Hall, New Milis
New York Public Library—per B. F. Stevens & Brown, Ltd., 28,
Little Russell Street, London, W.C.1.
Norton, F. D., Lonsdale House, Lonsdale Place, Derby
Nottingham Public Library, Sherwood Street, Nottingham
Palmer, Mrs., Little House, Windley, Derby
Parker, Howard J., Cotswold, Allestree, Derby
Parker, A. H., “‘ Rozel,’’ Duffield Road, Little Eaton, Nr. Derby.
Parker, Arthur J., 70, Friar Gate, Derby
Peabody Institute of Baltimore—per E. G. Allen & Son, 12-14,
Grape Street, London, W.C.2.
*Peck, Mrs., Penmore, Hasland, Chesterfield
*Peck, Miss, Penmore, Hasland, Chesterfield
Philips, Mrs. E., Alsop-en-le-Dale, Ashbourne, Derby
Pittsburgh University, Pittsburgh, P.A., U.S.A. (Prof. Clapp), per
Maggs Bros., 34, Conduit Street, W.1.
Protheroe, Mrs, A. Maud, Brook Farm, Repton, Derby
Ramsbottom, L., Sec. Derbyshire Rural Community Council, Queen
Street, Derby
Repton School Library—Librarian, Repton, Derby
Richardson, J. G., Russell House, Gladstone Road, Chesterfield
Richardson, Mrs., Leylands, Derby
Robinson, Mrs. P., Park Hall, Walton, Chesterfield
Robinson, Philip M., Park Hall, Walton, Chesterfield —
Robinson, Miss F., Moorside Cottage, Chatsworth Road, Chesterfield
Robotham, Mrs. G., Repton, Derby
Routh, T. E., Castle Donington, Derby
Ruffell, Mrs. J., Field House, Duffield
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Rutland, His Grace the Duke of, Haddon Hall, Derbyshire
Rylands Library, The John, Deansgate, Manchester—H. Guppy,
Librarian
Sadler, E. A., M.D., The Mansion, Ashbourne
Sale, G. Hanson, Coxbench, Derby
Salt, W. H., High Street, Buxton
Sayer, Norman, The Spinneys, Brailsford
Saunders, Mrs. St. Clair, Avenue House, Duffield, Derby
Sellers, H. E., Sturston Lodge, Ashbourne
Severn, Mrs., Park Nook, Quarndon, Derby
Severne, A. de M., Wirksweorth
Shaw, Rev. Canon F. L., The Vicarage, Ashbourne
Sheffield Free Library—_J. P. Lamb, Librarian, Surrey Street, Sheffield
Sheffield University Library
Sherwin, C. B., Thornhill Road, Derby
Shipton, Dr. W., B.A., 2, The Square, Buxton
Shore-Nightingale, L. H., Lea Hurst, Holloway, Matlock
Shrubbs, Rev. E. A., Sudbury Rectory, Derby
* Sitwell, Sir George R., Bart., F.S.A., Castle of Montegufoni, Montag-
nana, Val di Pesa, Florence, Italy; (all communications to
10, Edge Hill Road, Nether Edge, Sheffield 7.)
' Skinner, H. W., Duffield, Derby
Smith, A. W., Wheatley House, Darley Dale, Matlock
Smith, Miss F., Fjoerland, The Pastures, Duffield
Sorby, Miss E., Bridge House, Cromford, Matlock
Sorby, Miss C. M., Bridge House, Cromford, Matlock
Stafford, G. W., M.A., F.R. Hist. Soc., Moorbeck, Lightwood Read,
Buxton
Stanning, Mrs., Lady Hole House, Yeldersley, Derby
Statham, Rev. S. P. H., 10s, Priory Road, Bristol, 8
Stephenson, Col. H. K., D.S.O., D.Sc., Hassop Hall, Bakewell.
Swanwick, Mrs., Whittington House, Old Whittington, Chesterfield
Swingler, N. H., Ireton Wood, Derby
Symonds, Capt. J. D. B., Wirksworth
Taylor, S., 3, Market Place, Derby
Taylor, S. Grimwood, Fressingfield, Littleover, Derby
Thirlby, Mrs., Windy Nook, Duffield Road, Darley Abbey, Derby
Thompson, Miss M. R., Brookfield, Borrowash, near Derby
*Thorpe, T. H., St. James’s Street, Derby
Tonge, W. Asheton, The Old Rectory, Warburton, Cheshire
Toy, H. G., Birchfield, Westbank Avenue, Derby
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Tudor, T. L., 80, Osmaston Road, Derby
Turnbull, Mrs., Sandybrook Hall, Ashbourne
Tyson, Miss M., St. Mary’s Chambers, Queen Street, Derby
University of London, R. Rye, Librarian, S. Kensington, S. W. 7
Upton, A. W., Cathedral Chambers, Derby
Walker, Sir Ian, Bart., Osmaston Manor, Derby
Walker, John W., The Abbey House, Darley Dale, Matlock
Walker, H., 30, Highfield Road, Derby
Walthall, Brig.-Gen., C.M.G., D.S.O., Alton Manor, Derby
Walton, W. H., 104, St. Chad’s Road, Derby
Warburton, J. F., 79, Albert Avenue, Sedgley Park, Prestwich,
Manchester
Ward, Mrs. T. Leonard, Cothay, Repton, Derby
Washington, Library of Congress, per E. G. Allen & Son, 12 and 14,
Grape Street, Shaftesbury Avenue, London, W.C.2.
Watson, F. W., The Homestead, Eden Street, Derby
Wells, Mrs., Crow’s Nest, Duffield
Weston, Mrs. R., Hazelwood Road, Duffield
Whatmore, A. R., Marshwood, Ashby-de-la-Zouch
Whiston, Mrs. A., Wentworth, Borrowash, Derby
Widdows, G. H., Allestree, Derby
Widdows, B., St. Mary’s Chambers, St. Mary’s Gate, Derby
Wilding, Rev. J. S., Barrow-on-Trent, Derby
Williamson, F. ‘“‘ The Rest,’”” Darley Park Road, Derby
Wilmot-Sitwell, Miss J., Stainsby House, Smalley, Derby
Wilson, Miss M. S., Eastleigh, Alfreton
*Wilson, W. Mortimer, The Firs, Alfreton
*Wilson, Mrs. W. Mortimer, The Firs, Alfreton, Derby
Wilson, Mrs. W., Horsley Gate, Holmesfield, Sheffield
Wilson, Mrs. A. P., The Grange, Repton
Woore, Frank, Hieron’s Wood, Little Eaton, Derby
Wright, Capt. Fitzherbert, Yeldersley Hall, Derby
Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn., U.S.A., per E. G. Allen
& Son, 12, Grape Street, London, W.C.2.
9
Societies Exchanging Publications :
Antiquaries, The Society of, London
Birmingham Archeological Society
Bradford Historical and Antiquarian Society
Bristol and Gloucester Archeological Society
British Archeological Association
Cambridge Antiquarian Society
Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian Society
Essex Archeological Society
Harvard University Library |
Institute, The Royal Archzological
Kent Archeological Society
Leeds, Thoresby Society
Leicestershire Architectural and Archzxological Society
London and Middlesex Archzological Society
Newcastle-on-Tyen Society of Antiquaries
Norfolk and Norwich Archeological! Society
North Staffordshare Naturalists’ Field Club
Nottinghamshire Thoroton Society
Scotland, Society of Antiquaries of
Shropshire Archeological and Natural History Society
Societe Historique et Archeologique de J’arrondissememt de Saint
Malo, France
Somerset Archeological and Natural History Society
Staffordshire, William Sait Society
Surrey Archeological Society
Sussex Archeological Society
Yorkshire Archeological Society
Yorkshire East Riding Antiquarian Society
eG shire Archeological
Natural History Society.
FOUNDED 1878.
St. Mary’s Bridge-Chapel House, Derby.
LIST OF OFFICERS FOR 1936
President :
HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE, K.G.
Vice-Presidents :
THE DukKE OF RUTLAND, F.S.A. ‘THE DUKE OF PORTLAND, K.G.
THE MARQUESS OF HARTINGTON, ‘THE LorpD BisHop oF DeErsy, D.D.
M.P., M.B.E.
Sir GEORGE SITWELL, BART., Bric.-GEN. MEYNELL, C.M.G.
HeSeA.e ee
H. Firz-HERBERT WRIGHT. H:. H. Bemrose, M.A., Sc.D.
E. S. Hasta. Rev. Canon R. L. FARMER.
P. H. Currey, F.R.I.B.A. R. A. F. Loncpon.
Council :
(to retire in 1939)
THE DUKE OF RUTLAND. L. H. SHoRE-NIGHTINGALE.
Captain H. BLACKWALL. Rev. A. W. FLetTcHER, LL.B.
W. H. M. Marspben. J. P. HEATHCOTE.
G. A. LONGDEN R. W. P. CockertTon, LL.B.
(to retire in 1938)
’ GENERAL MEYNELL (Chairman) P. H. Currey.
CANON FARMER. E. S. HAsLam.
R. A. F. LoNGpon. T. E. Rouru.
W. H. WALTON. Mrs. MARGRET EVANs, B.A.
(to retire in 1937)
H. E. Currey, M.A. VerY Rev. THE Provost oF DERBy,
M.A.
W. E. L. Hopson. W. H. Hansury.
Major F. R. Griccs. i Ly Lupor:
E. A. SADLER, M.D. S. T. Nasu.
Hon. Secretary : Hon. Treasurer :
Rev. R. F. Boroucu, M.A., D. E. Bower, Woop BANK, CrIcH,
BRADBURNE VICARAGE, NEAR MATLOCK.
ASHBURNE, DERBYSHIRE.
Hon. Editor : Hon. Librarian:
F. WituiAmson, F.R.Hist.S. S. TAyYLor.
Hon. Auditors:
Coorer-PARRY, Hatt, Doucuty & Co.
County Representative on the Ancient Monuments Board for
England :
Tuomas L. Tupor.
Bankers :
WESTMINSTER BANK, LTp., IRONGATE, DERBY.
Members of the Society are reminded that
every Member of the Council has a key of
the Society’s Offices which can be borrowed
by members wishing to use the Offices.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
‘The members whose names are preceded with an asterisk (*)
are FamiLy members.
t JuNior members.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Andrew, W. J., F.S.A., The Old House, Michelmersh, Romsey
Ferrers, Rt. Hon. The Earl, F.S.A., Staunton Harold, Ashby-de-la-Zouch
Garstang, F. B.A., F.S.A., The University, Liverpool
Leech, W., 35, Carlton Road, Derby
McDougall, Robert, Manchester
Thompson, A. Hamilton, M.A., F.S.A., Beck Cottage, Adel, Leeds
LIFE MEMBERS.
Babbington, Capt. M., Ruthley Mere, Godalming, Surrey
Bassett, J., Hillside, Ashover, Derbyshire
Bemrose, Henry H., M.A. ScD. F.G.S., Ash Tree House, Derby
Davidson, H. H., Repton, Derby
Eyre, Lewis, Padley, Edge Hill, Wimbledon, Surrey
Fentem Dr. Thomas, 72, Bushey Grove Road, Bushey, Watford
FitzHerbert, N. H., The Hall, Somersal Herbert, Derby
FitzHerbert, Rev. Regd. H. C., Comberford Cottage, ‘Tamworth
Goodman, Sir Godfrey, K.C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., Eccles House, Chinley
*Hunter, John, Quarry Bank, Belper
Longden, G. A., Draycott Lodge, Derby
Manton, J. O., 49, Bourtonville, Buckingham
Oxley, S. A. N. Ephphatha, 5, Grange Road Ealing, London, W.5
Portland, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., Weibeck, Notts
Robinson, V. O., Chander Hill, Chesterfield
Thornhill, GC. McCreagh, Stanton-in-the-Peak, Derbyshire
MEMBERS.
Andrews, H. J. **‘ Oaklands,” 20, Mansfield Road, Heanor
Arkwright, Miss F., Bole Hill, Wirksworth, Derby
Armstrong, Mrs., White Gables, Duffield Road, Allestree, Derby
Ashby, Dr. Elizabeth, Friar Gate, Derby
Aspdin, Mrs. E. A., “‘ Castle Mount,’ Belper Road, Derby
Attwood, Mrs., ‘‘ Westleigh,’’ Radbourne Street, Derby
*Austin, J., 8, Woodholm Road, Ecclesall, Sheffield
*Austin, Mrs., 8, Woodholm Road, Ecclesall, Sheffield
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Bagshawe, Mrs. Gisborne, Snitterton Hall, Matlock
Ball, Major C. F., Grammar School, Ashburne
Barrington, Miss D., Kirk Langley, Derby
Bartram, J. C., Devonia, Bakewell Road, Darley Dale, Matlock
Bateman, Mrs. F. O. F., Fairfield, Quarndon
Bell, J., Melbourne, Derby
Betterton, Mrs. Herbert, Hoon Ridge, Hilton, Derby
Birmingham Public Libraries—Reference Library, Ratcliff Place,
Birmingham
Blackwall, Capt. Henry, Biggin House, Hulland, via Derby
Borough, Rev. R. F., Bradburne Vicarage, Ashburne, Derbyshire
Borough, R. J. M., Market Lavington, Devizes
*Bower, Denys E., Crich, near Matlock
*Bower, J. H., Crich, near Matlock
Bradbury, F., F.S.A., Tapton Lodge, Sheffield
Brentnall, W., Curzon Street, Derby
Brigg, J. J., Kildwick Hall, near Keighley, Yorks.
Briggs, W. G., Woodlands, Park Grove, Derby
Brighouse, Mrs. S., Hawthorns, Bole Hill, Wirksworth
Bunting, W. Braylesford, Scavefield, Manchester Road, Chapel- -en-le-
Frith, via Stockport
Burton, Rev. R. Jowett, M.A., Hyde Brae, Chalford, Stroud, Glos.
Buxton Public Library—The Librarian
California University Library, Berkley, California, per B. F. Stevens &
Brown, Ltd., 28/30 Little Russell Street, London, W.C.1.
Chambers, C. B., The Gables, Holmwood, Chesterfield
Chandos-Pole, Mrs., Radburne Hall, Derby
Chesterfield Public Library,—The Librarian
Chetham Library, Hunts Bank, Manchester—H. Crossley, Librarian
Chicago University Library, Order Division, Harper, W., 21, Chicago,
Illinois, U.S.A. (per Henry Sotheran, Lid., 43, Piccadilly, London,
W.1).
Clark-Maxwell, Mrs., Mackworth House, Derby
Clark, Mrs. D Arey, The Lawn, Etwall
Cleaver, H. R., The Old Vicarage, Alfreton
Cleveland, Public Library, 325, Superior Avenue, N.E., Cleveland, Ohio,
U.S.A. (per Henry Sotheran, Ltd., 43, Piccadilly, London, W.1.)
Clowes, L. A., Norbury Hall, Ashbourne
Cockerton, R. W. P., Burre House, Bakewell, Derby
Coke, Roger Sacheverell, Brookhill Hall, Derby
Coles, Miss, Field Cottage, Lime Avenue, Duffield
Coleman, Rev. W. L., Wingerworth Rectory, Chesterfield
Cooper, Mrs., Culland Hall, Brailsford, Derby
Cooper, Miss, Culland Hall, Brailsford, Derby
Cornell University Library —per E. G. Allen & Son, 12/14, Grape
Street, London, W.C.2.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Crompton-Inglefield, J., Parwich Hall, Ashbourne
Crompton-Inglefield, Mrs., Parwich Hall, Ashbourne
Currey, Miss C. H., 57, Kedleston Road, Derby
Currey, H. E., Eaton Hill, Derby
Currey, Percy H., The Hatherings, Little Eaton, Derby
Currey, Rev. R. H. S., 36, Duffield Road, Derby
Derby, Rt. Rev. The Lord Bishop of, Breadsall Mount, Derby
Derby, Very Rev. The Provost of, Provost’s House, Derby
Derby Railway Institute—G. W. Woolliscroft, Hon. Sec.
Derby Public Library—F. Williamson, Director
Derbyshire County Library, County Education Offices, St. Mary’s
Gate, Derby
Devonshire, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., Chatsworth House, Bakewell
Drew, Mrs. G., Cringleford Hall, Norwich
Ducker, Mrs. J. E. Townshend, Etwall Lodge, Derby
Eagle, E. C., 30, Aspley Park Drive, Nottingham
East Derbyshire Field Club—Miss N. Blake, 4, Cobden Road, Chester-
field
Eastwood, Austin, 24/1, Karradat Mariam, Baghdad, Iraq
Edmunds, W. H., Elm Lodge, Brampton, near Chesterfield
Ellison, Rev. H. R. N., Rectory, Asten-on-Trent
Evans, H. L. V., 106, Kedleston Road, Derby. Tel. Derby 150
Evans, Mrs., 106, Kedleston Road, Derby
Every, Lady, Egginton Hail, Derby
Eyre, Mrs., The Farmlet, Codnor, Derby
Farmer, Rev. Canon R. L., Shardlow Rectory, Derby
Firth, E. Willoughby, Highcliffe Hotel, Bournemouth
Fisher, F. N., Rosedene, Menin Road, Allestree
Fletcher, Mrs. Astle, Cedarville, Breaston, Derby
Fletcher, Rev. A. W., Repton Vicarage, Derby
Fletcher, Mrs., Castle Donington, Nr. Derby
Fletcher, Mrs. J., Maxey House, Duffield
Fowler, Sir Henry, Spondon Hall, Derby
Funnell, Mrs., Denes Place, Eaton Bank, Duffield
Gee, Mrs. J. Duffield Bank, Duffield
Gell Hon. Mrs., Hopton Hall, Wirksworth
Godfrey W. E., 14, Spring Bank Road, Chesterfield
Goodey, Miss H. R., 40, Ashbourne Road, Derby
Grattan, Miss Marjorie, Town Street, Duffield
Green, Mrs. A., The Pastures, Duffield, Derby
Gretton, Rt. Hon. Col. John, M.P., Stapleford Hall, Melton Mowbray
Griggs, Major F. R., Wigwell Grange, Wirksworth
Grundy, A. G., Repton, Derby
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Ham, Mrs., Provost’s House, Derby
Hanbury, W. H., 16, Woodland Road, Derby
Hardy, Mrs. C.; Church Lane, Darley Abbey, Derby
Harlow, C., Littleholm, Stenson Road, Littleover, Derby
Hartington, The Marquess of, 2, Upper Belgrave Street, London, S.W.I
Haslam, Miss, Breadsall Priory, Derby
Haslam, Eric S., Breadsall Priory, Derby
Haverfield Library, Oxford
Hawkes Miss N. I., 21, Norfolk Street, Derby
*Heathcote J. C., Birchover, Matlock
*Heathcote, J. P., Post Office, Birchover, Matlock
Heywood, Mrs., 75, St. James’s Court, Buckingham Gate, S.W.1.
Hobson, Miss, 8, North Parade, Derby
Hodson, W. E. L., Bradbourne Hall, Ashbourne
Holden, W. H., Bromson Hall, Bishop’s Tachbrook, Leamington
Holdgate, Rev. W. W., The Vicarage, Sutton-on-the-Hill, Nr. Derby
Holmes, F. A., F.R.G.S, Spring Gardens, Buxton
Hull, P. W., The Knowle, Hazelwood, Derby
Hunter, Miss Pauline, 63, Empress Road, Derby
Inglefield, Lady, Flower Lilies, Windley, Derby
Inglefield, G., Flower Lilies, Windley, Derby
Irwin, Rev. W. M., LL.D., Duffield Vicarage, Derby
Jeffrey, T. C., Thorpe, Ashbourne
Jenkyns, S. S., Repton
Johnson, Rev. H. J. T., The Oratory, Birmingham
Jourdain, Rev. Francis C. R., M.A,, M.B.O.U., F.Z.S., Whitekirk,
Southbourne, Bournemouth
Keene, C. B., Market Place, Derby
Kerr, Philip Walter, College of Arms, Queen Victoria Street, London,
E.C.4.
Kilvert, Mrs. J. E., Nuns Green, Friar Gate, Derby
LIST OF MEMBERS.
*Kirby, J. N., Vicarage Lane, Duffield, Derby
*Kirby, Mrs., Vicarage Lane, Duffield, Derby
Knowles, R. E., F.S.A., The Cottage, Birtles Road, Macclesfield
Largan, Miss A. M., Lea Hurst, Holloway, Matlock
Lawrance, Rev. H., M. A., Boynton Vicarage, near Bridlington
Palbeeke, Rev. W. M., Kirk Langley Rectory, Derby
Lewis, Lieut-Col. G. A. , Highfield Road, Derby
Lewis, Mrs., Highfield Read, Derby
Lichfield, The Very Rev. The Dean of, The Deanery, Lichfield
London Library, St. James’s Square, London, S. W.1.
Long Eaton Free Library—A. Hooper, Hon. Sec.
Longden, Mrs., Draycott Lodge, Derby
*Longdon, Miss, Marchington Hall, Staffordshire
*Longdon, R. A. F., Marchington Hall, Staffordshire
Longsdon, E. M., Little Longstone, Bakewell
*Loveday, H., Ananmore, Quarndon, Derby
*Loveday, Mrs., Ananmore, Quarndon, Derby
Lowis, O. R., Brunswick House, Radbourne Street, Derby
Lugard, C. E., The Spot, Border Road, Heswall Hill, Wirral, Cheshire
Londen University, The Librarian, Gower Street, W.1.
McInnes, E., Littleover, Derby
Macfarlane, W. A., Bemrose School, Derby
Malins, R. F. J., 68, Derby Road, Long Eaton, near Nottingham
Manchester Public _lomaunes (Cy Nowell, F.L.A.), Piccadilly, Man«
chester
Manchester University Library—Chas. Leigh, Librarian
Marples F., Somercote, Little Bole Hill, Wirksworth
*Marsden, Mrs., Narrow End, Brookside, Chesterfield
* Marsden, R. L., Narrow End, Brookside, Chesterfield
Marsden, W. H. Milnes, ‘ iPosnia, ¢ Windley Crescent, Duffield Road,
Derby
Marsden-Smedley, A. S., Normanhurst, Matlock
Marsden-Smedley, J. B., Lea Green, Matlock
Marsden-Smedley, Mrs., Marsh Green, Ashover, Derbyshire
Martin, Miss N., Codnor Park, Derby
May, Capt. 18 1 IDyog ne Green Hall, Ashbourne
Merivale, A., Sydney House, Church Street, Littleover
Merivale, Mrs. A., Sydney House, Church Street, Littleover
*Meynell, ‘Brig- Gen., C.M.G., Meyneil Langley, Derby
Meynell, Major Hugo, Kirk Langley Rectory, Derby
LIST OF MEMBERS.
*Meynell, Mrs., Meynell Langley, Derby
-Meynell, Miss E., Grange Farm, Derby Road, Ashbourne
*Meynell, Miss Margaret, Kirk Langley Rectory, Derby
Miller, H. N., “* Aden,” Chesterfield Road, Alfreton
*Montford, Miss, Quarry Bank, Belper
Mosley, Capt. J. W. P., Hulland Hall, Derby
Mosley, Miss, Hulland Hall, Derby
Nadin, J., Station Road, Mickleover, Derby
Nash, S. T., Cubley, Derby
Natural History Museum, The Librarian, S. Kensington, S.W.7.
Needham, T. Ashby, Redseats, Chapel-en-le-Frith, via Stockport
New Mills Free Library—D. Bennett, Town Hall, New Mills
New York Public Library—per B. F. Stevens & Brown, Ltd., 28, Little
Russell Street, London, W.C.1.
Newton, Mrs., Manor Quarry, Duffield
Norton, F. D., Lonsdale House, Lonsdale Place, Derby
Nottingham Public Library, Sherwood Street, Nottingham
Palmer, Mrs., Little House, Windley, Derby
Parker, Howard J., Cotswold, Allestree, Derby
Parker, A. H., “ Rozel,’’ Duffield Road, Little Eaton, Nr. Derby,
Parker, Arthur J., 70, Friar Gate, Derby
Peabody Institute of Baltimore—per E. G. Allen & Son, 12/14, Grape
Street, London, W.C.2.
*Peck, Mrs., Penmore, Hasland, Chesterfield
*Peck, Miss, Penmore, Hasiand, Chesterfield
Philips, Mrs. E., Alsop Hall, Alsop-en-le-Dale, Ashbourne, Derby
Piper, W. J., 7, Kedleston Road, Derby
Pittsburgh University, Pittsburgh, P.A., U.S.A. (Prof. Clapp), per
Maggs Bros., 34, Conduit Street, W.1.
Protheroe, Mrs. A. Maud, Brook Farm, Repton, Derby
Ramsbottom, L., Sec. Derbyshire Rural Community Council, Com-
munity House, 43, Kedleston Road, Derby
Repton School Library—Librarian, Repton, Derby
Richardson, J. G., Russell House, Gladstone Road, Chesterfield
Richardson, Mrs., Leylands, Derby
Robinson, Mrs. P., Park Hall, Walton, Chesterfield
Robinson, Philip M., Park Hall, Walton, Chesterfield
Robinson, Miss F., Moorside Cottage, Chatsworth Road, Chesterfield
Robotham, Mrs. G., Repton, Derby
Routh, T. E., Castle Donington, Derby
Ruffell, Mrs. J., Field House, Duffield
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Rutland, His Grace the Duke of, Haddon Hall, Derbyshire
Rylands Library, The John, Deansgate, Manchester—H. Guppy,
Librarian
Sadler, E. A., M.D., The Mansion, Ashburne, Derbyshire
Sale, G. Hanson, Coxbench, Derby
Salt, W. H., High Street, Buxton
Sayer, Norman, The Spinneys, Brailsford
Saunders, Mrs. St. Clair, Avenue House, Duffield, Derby
Sellers, H. E., Sturston Lodge, Ashbourne
Severn, Mrs., Park Nook, Quarndon, Derby
Shaw, Rev. Canon F. L., Fir Bank, Heyworth Road, Derby
Sheffield Free Library—J. P. Lamb, Librarian, Surrey Street, Sheffield
Sheffield University Library
Sherwin, C. B., Thornhill Road, Derby
Shipton, Dr. W., B.A., 2, The Square, Buxton
Shore-Nightingale, L. H., Lea Hurst, Holloway, Matlock
Shrubbs, Rev. E. A., Sudbury Rectory, Derby
Sitwell, Sir George R., Bart., F.S.A., Castle of Montegufoni, Montag-
nana, Val di Pesa, Florence, Italy; (all communications to
10, Edge Hill Road, Nether Edge, Sheffield 7.)
Smith, A. W., Wheatley House, Darley Dale, Matlock
Smith, Miss F., Fjoerland, The Pastures, Duffield
*Sorby, Miss E., Bridge House, Cromford, Matlock
*Sorby, Miss C. M., Bridge House, Cromford, Matlock
Stafford, G. W., M.A., F.R.Hist.S., Moorbeck, Lightwood Road,
Buxton
Stanning, Mrs., Lady Hole House, Yeldersley, Derby
Statham, Rev. S. P. H., 108, Priory Road, Bristol, 8
Stephenson, Col. H. K., D.S.O., D.Sc., Hassop Hall, Bakewell
Surtees, H. W., 12 Arboretum Square, Derby
Swanwick, Mrs., Whittington House, Old Whittington, Chesterfield
Swingler, N. H., Ireton Wood, Derby
Symonds, Capt. J. D. B., Wirksworth
Taylor, S., 3, Market Place, Derby
Taylot, S. Grimwood, Fressingfield, Littleover, Derby
Thirlby, Mrs., Windy Nook, Duffield Road, Darley Abbey, Derby
Thompson, Miss M. R., Brookfield, Borrowash, near Derby
Thorpe, T. H., 23, St. James’s Street, Derby
Tonge, W. Asheton, The Old Rectory, Warburton, Cheshire
Toy, H. G., Birchfield, Westbank Avenue Derby
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Tudor T. 1L., 80, Osmaston Road, Derby
Turnbull, Mrs. , Sandybrook Hall, ‘Naltaenie
Tyson, Miss M., St. Mary’s Chambers, Queen Street, Derby
Upton, A. W., Cathedral Chambers, Derby
Walker, Sir Ilan, Bart., Osmaston Manor, Derby
Walker, John W., The Abbey House, Darley Dale, Matlock
Walthall, Brig.-Gen., C.M.G., D.S.O., Alton Manor, Derby
Walton, W. H., 104, St. Chad’s Road, Derby
Warburton, J. F., 79, Albert Avenue, Sedgley Park, Prestwich,
Manchester
Ward, Mrs. T. Leonard, Cokhay, Repton, Derby
Washington, Library of Congress, per E. G. Allen & Son, 12 and 14,
Grape Street, Shaftesbury Avenue, London, W.C.2.
Watson, F. W., The Homestead, Eden ‘Street, Derby
Webb, Row W., Alvaston Vicarage, Derby
Wells, Mrs., Crow’s Nest, Duffield
Weston, Mrs. R., Hazelwood Road, Duffield
Whatmore, A. W., Marshwood, Ashby-de-la-Zouch
Widdows, B., Woodcote, Turnditch, Derby
Widdows, G. H., Allestree, Derby
Widdows, W., M.Inst. R.A., 51, Queen Street, Derby
Wilding, Rev. J. S., The Vicarage, Barrow-on-Trent, Derby
Williamson, F., “ The Rest,’ Darley Park Road, Derby
Wilmot-Sitwell, Miss J.. Stainsby House, Smalley, Derby
Wilson, Miss M. S., Eastleigh, Alfreton
*Wilson, W. Mortimer, The Firs, Alfreton, Derby
*Wilson, Mrs. W. Mortimer, The Firs, Alfreton, Derby
Wilson, Mrs. W., Horsley Gate, Holmesfield, Sheffield
Wilson, Mrs. A. P., The Grange, Repton
Woore, Frank, Hieron’s Wood, Little Eaton, Derby
Wright, Capt. Fitzherbert, Yeldersley Hall, Derby
Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn., U.S.A., per E. G. Allen
& Son, 12, Grape Street, London, W.C.2.
Societies Exchanging Publications:
Antiquaries, The Society of, London
Birmingham Archeological Society
Bradford Historical and Antiquarian Society
Bristol and Gloucester Archeological Society
British Archeological Association
Cambridge Antiquarian Society
Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian Society
Essex Archeological Society
Harvard University Library
Hertfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club
Institute, The Royal Archeological
Kent Archeological Society
Leicestershire Architectural and Archeological Society
London and Middlesex Archzological Society
Newcastle-on-Tyne Society of Antiquaries
Norfolk and Norwich Archeological Society
North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club
Scotland, Society of Antiquaries of
Shropshire Archeological and Natural History Society
Somerset Archeological and Natural History Society
Surrey Archeological Society
Sussex Archeological Society
Thoresby Society, Leeds
Thoroton Society, Nottingham
William Salt Society, Staffordshire
Yorkshire Archeological Society
Yorkshire East Riding Antiquarian Society
10
WILTSHIRE
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAAINKE.
No. CXLI. DECEMBER, 1924.
Contents.
THe West oF ENGLAND CiLotH INDUSTRY: A SEVENTEENTH
CENTURY EXPERIMENT IN STATE ContTROL: By Kate E.
ANA OR ORM Ny Neca cars ec ukisicoeticnidis aise eosnee leatinsanies bale orodeessiosbovsees
SAVERNAKE Forest Funer; By Cecil P. Hurst..............000 00
A Lost FRAGMENT oF HULLAVINGTON REGISTER RESTORED :
byauberivew 1s, El. GODDARD. ...sc..2cc..ccs.ccsecssedce se) <o
THE CHURCHES OF ALDBOURNE, BAYDON, CoLLINGBOURNE
Ducis, AND CoLLINGBOURNE Kineston: By C. E. Ponting,
TPS, Ao vootictbea she soe 50 6 Use aut atic ae Ie aries le cnr fears Me i TO re aR ei
ALDBOURNE, MANor, CHASE, AND WarRREN: By John Sadler
Tae VitLAGE Frast or REVEL: By Mrs. Story Maskelyne ...
EM NsLEET SMARTS Se sic Surslets civielcuisin seus ecieuies ev obs gel tibedoeSecste cok swessmene
RV MUINGHEOVRINUPAURY® Se scent ccces sie cnsdabsse cote eesecsieeewactegees sedeesee cos
MVMEESHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, WC, ......:.ic0c.cceeccdecee ves secoeroee
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY ............cecseececvceeeveeves
Hie VOM V OLS XLII, c.. sects. cs ccs eceecen senna Sboee eduaeu scien donate
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Collingbourne Ducis Church Tower .............0.cecses ses ceseee oes
Objects collected by Mr. Richard Coward, of Roundway, now
in Devizes Museum
000700279907 CF THO SHRP SGT w, Looe * SHH T EET DHFS FHF 808
Bronze implements hitherto unrecorded, in the Blackmore
Museum, Salisbury
002009000008 S88 28H F8S C8 FSH-1.8 90728288880 1 C8292 000
Vou. XLII.
PAGE.
531—542
543 —555
556 —559
561—575
576 —587
588—591
591 —605
605 —608
608 —624.
625—626
627—705
Devizes :—C. H. Woopwarp, ExcHance Buripines, Station Roap.
)
8
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS,’’—Ovnid,
No. CXLI. DECEMBER, 1924. Vou. XLIL.
THE WEST OF ENGLAND CLOTH INDUSTRY: A SEVEN-
TEENTH CENTURY EXPERIMENT IN STATE CONTROL.
By Kate E. Barrorp, M.A.
In the counties of Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, and Somersetshire was
carried on the manufacture of “white undressed cloths,” which were the
staple export of the Merchant Adventurers tothe Netherlands. At the be-
ginning of the seventeenth century,when the prosperity of the Adventurers
was at its height, there were exported annually more than sixty. thousand
white cloths, which were valued at about £600,000.! This trade, however,
came to an abrupt end by the introduction, in 1614, of the disastrous
Cockayne scheme, by which, in the interests of the London clothworkers,
it was proposed to dye and dress all English cloth within the realm. This
action threatened to ruin the dyeing and dressing industry of the Netherlands
and produced results which permanently affected the English cloth trade.
The Netherlanders refused to import English dyed cloth, so that within
two years the Cockayne scheme was abandoned and the charter of the
Merchant Adventurers was renewed. The complete revival of the earlier
trade, however, was impossible, for the need for the undressed cloth which
England had of late refused to supply had given an impetus to the cloth-
| “making industry in the Netherlands. ‘This implied a measure of inde-
pendence of the English cloth market, the practical result of which was the
institution of a much closer sornihi of the quality of all imported cloth.
In England, where the cause of the economic situation was probably not
fully appreciated, the lack of sale was attributed chiefly to the faults in
manufacture. The Merchant Adventurers complained bitterly of the
‘abatements in the price of cloth made by buyers in the Netherlands for
defects in manufacture, for this involved serious financial loss and reflected
‘upon the merchants’ reputation. Moreover, they felt that there was some
‘justification for these statements owing to the poor quality of the English
cloth. If these complaints were merited the fault lay not with the Govern-
ment, which by law and proclamation provided for the true making of
| cloth, but in the failure of manufacturers to carry out these regulations. In
| 1 Wheeler. Z'reatise of Commerce, 1601.
VOL. XLII—NO. CXL 20
|
|
& |
532 The West of England Cloth Industry.
1630, therefore, the Merchant Adventurers petitioned the Privy Council to
grant powers of investigation to two men whom they wished to send to the
West of England to discover means for improving the manufacture ;! and a
commission of inquiry was therefore granted to Anthony Wither and Samuel
Lively, the nominees of the merchants.
The investigation to be pursued by any commissioner for clothing would
naturally fall under two heads: (a) an examination of the methods and
materials used in the manufacture of cloth, and (6) an inquiry into the
efficiency of the supervision of that manufacture. |
The organisation of the woollen industry in the West of England centred
in the capitalist clothier. Unlike the clothiers of the North, who were
small manufacturers and employed few besides members of their own
household, the typical western clothier was wealthier, controlled large stocks,
and employed a great number of weavers and spinners, who, while probably
working in their own houses, depended upon the clothier for wages. When
slackness of trade compelled the clothier to set aside his men, the justice of
the peace, at the instance of the Council, would probably put pressure
upon him to find work for them in the interests of the peace of the county,
which might be jeopardised by unemployment. But generally the interests
of peace and prosperity united the justices and the clothiers in a common
aim: both worked together to minimise the irritating official oversight of
the manufacture of cloth which often caused delays and inconvenience,
involving probable loss of trade. However, before 1630 a new situation
had been created in the West, by the appearance of the market spinner, who
was insome sort a rival to the clothier. After the upheaval caused by the
disastrous Cockayne scheme, the West had developed an industry in
coloured cloth,?and this was accompanied bya change in the spinningindustry. |
In 1633, a report of the Wiltshire Justices of the Peace shews that many of |
the clothiers who made coloured cloth bought their yarn in the weekly |
market from middlemen known as Market Spinners, who dealt in large
‘quantities of wool and employed many spinners. They carried on so |
successful a trade that the wool growers estimated that they bought two- |
thirds of the wool used in the district. The reason for their success was |
said to lie in the fact that they were able to give higher rates of pay to their |
‘spinners than could the clothiers who employed their own spinners, because
the “coloured” clothiers to whom they sold their yarn paid higher prices |
than the “white men” did, with the obvious result that spinners more |
readily worked for them than for the clothier.? This fact was undoubtedly |
at the root of the rivalry between the market spinner and the clothier, who |
1 State Papers, Dom., Ch. E, CLXXX., 74, 1630.
2 The most famous of the new manufactures was Spanish cloth, a medley |
cloth made of Spanish and English wool, and ‘‘ dyed in the wool.” It was |
made exclusively in the West of England, and gained a great national and |
European reputation. It was undoubtedly this cloth which was indicated |
in the ‘“‘well known cloths ” referred to later. |
3 State Papers, Domestic, Ch. I., CCXLIII., 23, July 23rd, 1633. Letter |
from justices of the peace for Wilts to the Council.
By Kate FE, Barford. do
apparently found great difficulty in securing spinners to work for him, and
was therefore the underlying cause of the controversy which engaged the
constant attention of the commissioner and local authorities during the
inquiry of 1630.
But the sale of yarn to “coloured” clothiers is not sufficient to explain
the existence of the market spinner. The clothier had never succeeded in
completely suppressing the independent spinner, who bought his own wool
and sold the yarn in the market, and when the new trade in coloured cloths
began, involving the sale of both coloured.and white yarn, the existence of the
weekly yarn market afforded an excellent opportunity for the development
of the market spinner; he never succeeded in eliminating the independent
spinner altogether, but he soon began to enter into vigorous competition
with him and to supply the increasing demands of the clothier with yarn
which he had employed spinners to produce. Moreover, he did not confine
his sales to “coloured” clothiers, but supplied with yarn certain “ white”
clothiers also, probably the poorer men, who found it more profitable to
buy yarn than to procure a weekly supply of wool in the market and employ
their own spinners. The more substantial ‘‘ white” clothiers, on the other
hand, did not deal in the weekly market but bought wool in jarge quantities
annually from the wool growers. It was these clothiers who found in the
market spinners successful rivals in the production of yarn, and it was
because to a certain extent they both produced the yarn which was used in
the making of white undressed cloth that these clothiers hoped to sub-
stantiate the claim which they made, that the yarn supplied by the market
Spinners was the cause of faults in white cloth. In the investigation of
1630, therefore, this was the “ white” clothiers’ chief ground of complaint.
It was an established fact in the seventeenth century that one of the two
principal faults which were found in the manufacture of cloth was the
making of false yarn. Yarn ought to contain wool of one quality only, for
since different qualities varied in stretching power it was essential to the
manufacture of good cloth that the wools should not be mixed. It was
apparently a common occurrence to discover the presence of mingled yarns
in finished cloth when it was tested in water, whence it would consequently
emerge “cockled and banded.” The‘ white” clothier maintained that it was
not possible to detect false yarn before the cloth was manufactured, though
by statute the clothier was responsible for his faulty cloth: thus it could be
alleged with some justice that the market spinner unfairly escaped re-
sponsibility, and, indeed, his very immunity was deemed sufficient in the
eyes of the clothier to justify the accusation that the market spinner was
the producer of false yarn. The question of false yarn was in this way
merged in the conflict of the rival capitalists and was waged with varying
suecess throughout the period during which the inquiry of 1630 was being
pursued. Of the two most persistent faults in the manufacture of cloth in
the seventeenth century, the defects in spinning attracted most attention in
the inquiry of 1630, but equally pernicious was that of stretching and
straining the finished cloth by means of a tenter. This abuse had been
prohibited by statute in the North of England in 1597!; but, when the
1 39 Eliz. Ch. XX.
534 The West of England Cloth Industry,
provisions of this Act were extended to the rest of the country in 1601! the
prohibition was modified, and stretching to the extent of one yard in a
cloth? of English manufacture was allowed on the ground that during the
fulling process there was undue shrinking. Tenters “with lower bar,”
however, involved excessive straining and were forbidden; nevertheless, .
for certain kinds of inferior cloth, such as that known as ‘‘Stroudwater
Red,” licence was given to use the tenter® “ with lower bar.” But where
these tenters were set up it was suspected that the privilege was abused,
and white cloth was stretched thereon to undue length,* making it so thin
that it sometimes pulled into holes which had to be treated with such
foreign matter as chalk and oatmeal.
The objection to the engines known as gigmills® was of a similar nature.
They were used for “‘ perching and burling’’® coloured cloths, and not only
stretched them but also tore and ruined them. The use of gigmills had
been prohibited in 1555,’ but they reappeared in Stroudwater under the
name of mosing mills, and, in the opinion of both the merchants and the
Council, needed to be destroyed.
To carry out the legislation against the manufacture of defective cloths,
officials known as searchers were appointed annually by the justices of
the peace. The duty of the searcher was to examine the length and
breadth of the cloth as it came wet from the fulling mill (2.e., when it was
thoroughly shrunk), to test its weight when dry, and to affix a seal as proof.
of examination. Unfortunately a great deal of corruption existed in the
‘attempt to avoid regulation. In the appointment of searchers the justices.
of the peace often conspired with the clothiers to choose either incompetent
men who were incapable of detecting the faults in cloth, or else men who
were in the employ of the clothiers and therefore were not free agents.
Hence, cloths frequently escaped adequate examination. Searchers affixed
to the cloths seals on which the particulars of size and weight were omitted,
or evaded the responsibility of having inadequately performed their duty
by neglecting to affix their own signatures. More commonly, searchers
simply handed over the seals to clothiers to append what particulars they
143 Bliz.,-Ch. X:
2 The oe of cloths varied from about 24 to 30 yards. Shorter cloths
could be stretched only 4 yard.
3'Tenter. The frame on which the cloth was stretched to make its pro-
portions even after it had been shrunk in the fulling mill. A bottom
beam, or ‘lower bar,” of this framework was so constructed that it might
be lowered and thus cause excessive stretching of the cloth.
4 State Papers, Dom., Ch. I., CCXYV., 26. 18th April, 1632. Report of
Anthony Wither to the Council.
5Gigmill. An “engine” for raising the nap on the cloth by means of
teazels.
6 Burling. Picking the “ burrs,” or ‘‘ burls,” from the surface of woollen
cloth.
15:8 (6 Hoa? Vill Cx:
,|
by Kate L. Barford, 535
pleased.! The inefficiency of the search organised by the combined efforts
of the clothiers and justices was extremely obnoxious to the Stuart Govern-
ment, which gave considerable attention to the clothing industry, not only
because a financial interest? in the trade made essential the good reputation
of English cloth in the foreign market, but also because it had a real interest
in the economic prosperity and welfare of the nation. Minute regulation
provided for the true manufacture of the cloth and the effective supervision
of the industry, and the Council never failed to consider questions which
reached it from merchants, clothiers, weavers, or justices. Commissions
of inquiry were issued to discover the true state of affairs in any disturbed
locality, and proclamations were sent forth when necessary to supplement
legislation. It was largely in this spirit that the commission referred to
above was granted to Anthony Wither and Samuel Lively, empowering
them to proceed to the counties of Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Oxfordshire,
and East Somersetshire, for the reformation of abuses in the cloth industry.
The commissioners were authorised to examine :—
(1) Whether justices of the peace performed their duties in all points
touching the making of cloth, including the administration of the oath to
searchers and the execution of the statute for abolishing the ‘“‘ lower bar ”
in the tenter.
(2) Whether searchers were eflicient; if not, the commissioners were
empowered to replace them.’
Although, as nominees of the Merchant Adventurers, the cominissioners
could not expect a cordial reception in the West, they were supported by
Government protection, and therefore had the means of compelling attention
or of causing delinquents to answer before the Council for their actions.
Of the previous careers of the two commissioners there is no record. The
Merchant Adventurers regarded them as skilful men, and it is therefore
assumed that they must have had some practical knowledge of the clothing
industry, and have been familiar with the system of Government regulation.
Nevertheless, the choice of commissioners was not altogether fortunate.
¥rom the first, Samuel Lively is a very vague figure. ‘The sole indication
of his presence in the West is the use of the plural pronoun in a report sent
by Anthony Wither to the Council on !6th April, 1632.4 It cannot be
ascertained whether he was inefficient, or whether he disapproved of the
methods of enquiry, or had a personal disagreement with his fellow com-
missioner. But in Feb., 1632/3, certain information was brought before
the Council which resulted in the decision that Samuel Lively was unfit
_ for the office, and his name was, therefore, omitted from the commission
_which was at that date renewed. The activities of the commission,
]
|
}
i
}
|
|
\
I
}
' State Papers, Dom., Ch. I., CCXXLI., 28, 23? July, 1632. Statement by
Anthony Wither of abuses existing in inspection and sealing of cloth.
2 A custom of 6s. 8d. was paid on each cloth exported.
* State Papers, Domestic, Chas. I., CLXXIV., 97, 29th Oct., 1630.
Abstract of the Commission.
* State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCXV., 56.
> Privy Councel Register, Vol. XLII., p. 475, 27th Feb., 1632/3.
536 The West of England Cloth Industry.
therefore, are practically confined to Anthony Wither. Evidence of its
operation extends over a period of four years (1630—4). During this time
the Council expected to receive annual reports. The documents which
have been preserved were written, however, at irregular intervals between
Dec., 1630, and Dec., 1634. They summarise the achievements of the
Commission, expose a number of abuses, and occasionally suggest remedies.
The first report was sent to the Council in December, 1631, but there is no
record of this except through reference made to it in April of )632, when
the second report was made. This latter account followed so quickly upon
the first, because speedy action on the part of the Council was needed in
connection with the complaints which Wither had to make. It exposed
the opposition of the justices to the work of the commission and described
an assault upon the commissioner’s person. It also complained of the
inefficiency of the performance of search and the use of tenters “ with lower
bar,” as well as gig mills, called Mosing Mills, which spoilt the texture of
the cloth.’ A third report, issued in July, again emphasised the inefficiency
of search and the extreme slackness which persisted in the method of
sealing cloths.2 An inquiry was at once set on foot by the Council with
regard to those who opposed Anthony Wither ; and this matter was referred
to the Star Chamber. But the more general question regarding the quality
and examination of the cloth demanded the serious consideration of a full
Council, and a date was, therefore, fixed for that purpose. On the 7th
November the Council questioned certain Iondon Aldermen and the
Attorney General on the subject of clothmaking, and on the same occasion
Anthony Wither presented a written statement.°
As a result, the Council appointed a committee, consisting of the Lord
Privy Seal, the Bishop of London, Lord Cottington, and Secretary Coke,
to consider the matter and preparea report. ‘The statement made by
Wither contained three chief points :—
(1) That some clothiers counterfeited certain well-known cloths by |
using the trade marks by which these cloths were known. |
(2) That market spinners unfairly escaped responsibility of making false |
yarn because they were not liable under the Cloth Acts. |
(3) That bundles of yarn of mixed wools were frequently sold in the |
market, the reason being that much of it was stolen.® |
These facts, together with the previous reports of Wither, formed a basis
of discussion. But in order to obtain a reliable estimate of the condition |
of the clothing industry, the committee conferred with the Merchant |
' State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCXV., 56, 1632, April 18th.
2 State Papers, Dom., Chas. [., CCXXL., 28, 1632, July 23?
3 See later. Opposition of Nathaniel Stephens.
4 Privy Council Register, Vol. XLII., p. 160—1, 20th July, 1632.
5 Privy Council Register, Vol. XVII1., p. 257—8, 7th November, 1632. |
6 State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCOCCVIIL, 15, 1638? Since the points |
in this document were all dealt with in the report of the committee in |
Dec., 1632, it seems obvious that it is the “writing” referred to in the |
Council meeting, Nov. 7th, and the date should therefore be 1632.
By Kate E. Barford. 537
Adventurers and certain Western clothiers before their recommendations
were submitted to the Council. The chief points around which their
discussion was carried on, and the proposals presented to the Council, were
as follows :—!
(1) That on certain points it was not clear whether the laws which
regulated search, when that office had been performed by the alneger,? now
applied to the searcher. ‘The proposal shews that 4 James J. c.XX., repealed
all previous acts concerning the length and breadth of cloth and conferred
on the searchers all the previous duties of the alneger.
(2) That cloth should be sealed in accordance with provision made by
previous statutes. It was recommended that the searcher should place his
name on one side of the seal and the contents of the cloth on the other.
(3) ‘That clothiers tried to pass inferior cloths as being those of better
manufacture by assuming a trade mark closely resembling that of a well
known kind of cloth. The remedy suggested was that each clothier should
have one trade mark for all his cloth.
(4) That white cloth was hung by two bars on tenters.
(5) That gig mills and mosing mills were injurious to the texture of
cloth. It was suggested that the use of the “ lower bar” in the tenter, and
of the mills, should be forbidden.
(6) ‘That market spinners be made responsible by law for any false yarn
they made. The recommendation was that they “shall not use or employ
any such spinners who actually spin for the clothiers, nor shall the market
spinners sell any yarns in the markets or otherwise but such only as their
servants have spun in their owne houses.”
A proclamation of 16th April, 1633, embodied the first five points, but.
that by no means settled the disputed question. Clothiers pointed out
that their cloth was known in the market by trade marks, and since one
clothier might make several kinds of cloth there would be nothing to
distinguish them one from the others if all cloths had to be provided with
the same mark. Therefore it had to be conceded that well known cloths
should retain the marks by which they were known in the market.
Again, the proclamation against gigmills aroused a protest from the
Stroudwater clothiers, who declared that the use of gigmills was essential
to the making of the red cloth which had been produced in that district
“since the memory of man.” ‘This cloth had of late years so increased in
fineness of quality that the demand for it was no longer local. Not only
was it exported to the Kast, but there was a sale for it in other parts of
this country. A report (probably from Anthony Wither) upon this protest.
showed that the use of gigmills was confined to this district, but re affirmed
the pernicious character of the instruments. ‘The clothiers concerned,
1 Privy Council Register, Vol. XLII., p. 334, 12th Dec., 1632.
2 Alneger. [Aulnage=an ell measure.] ‘The official appointed by the
Crown from the reign of Edward III., for the purpose of measuring the
cloth, and collecting the subsidy of 4d. which was levied on every ‘ cloth
of assize,” 2.e., a cloth of about 26 yards by 12 yards.
3 State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCX LI, 36, 21st June, 1633.
4 State Papers, Dom., Chas. I. CCXLIL., 73, July, 1633.
538 The West of England Cloth Industry.
having begged for some respite in carrying out the order, until they could |
find other occupations, apparently had little intention of destroying their
mills, and did not do so, for in 1640 the Commissioners of Trade report one
cause of the decay of clothing still to be “ the frequent use of ‘ gigmills, now
called mosing mills,’ for avoiding the penalties of the law” in the dressing
of cloth. . These engines still required to be suppressed in Gloucestershire
about Stroudwater.!
The proclamation omitted any mention of the market spinners, although
the Council had ordered the recommendation of their committee upon this —
matter to be included. ‘This omission was apparently due to private in-
fluence of individual members of the Council. Sir John Danvers, justice
of the peace for Wiltshire and a strenuous opponent of the commission,
which interfered with the freedom of local action in the matter of the
clothing industry, was brother to the Earl of Danby. Anthony Wither
subsequently learnt that the Ear] was responsible for obtaining the interest
of various members of the Council to secure the omission.? But the matter
was not allowed to rest. The Merchant Adventurers, convinced by the
evidence of Anthony Wither of the falsity of the yarn sold by the market
spinners, appealed to the Council, who referred the matter to the justices
of the peace in their various “clothing divisions.” A report exists from
the justices of Wiltshire, who absolutely denied the justice of the charge
against market spinners, and having, on the evidence of clothiers who bought
yarn from them, ascertained that it was possible to detect faulty yarn, they
suggested that if the clothiers refused to purchase such yarn the cloth would
be better made.* ‘This must have been followed by another complaint from
the merchants to the Council, for in July, 1634, letters were again sent to
the justices asking them to consult with Anthony Wither and certain
clothiers to consider remedies and report to the Board.* The justices of
Gloucester complained that Anthony Wither refused to meet them, and
therefore could not draw up a certificate,> but in Somerset the clothiers
and market spinners met to draw up regulations to which all had agreed.® |
The substance of these was that wools must not be mixed, and that any
parcel of yarn sold should contain the name of the spinner and particulars
of the sort of cards with which it had been carded. ‘he fact of the agree-
ment between the clothiers and market spinners is significant of the
established position of the latter. ‘There appears to be no further evidence
of a settlement of the controversy in other counties.
If Anthony Wither’s task was faithfully carried out, opposition was
inevitable, and the fact that, in the course of the four years during which
1 Mist. USS. Comm., Portland MSS., Vol. VIIL., p. 3.
2 State Papers, Dom., Chas I, CCVI., 1631? This date is obviously
incorrect. Report of A. Wither to the Council.
3 State Papers, Chas. I., CCXLIIL., 23, 23rd July, 1633.
4 Privy Council Reg., Vol. XLIV., p. 102—3, 22nd July, 1634.
> State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCLXXV., 49, 14th Oct., 1634.
6 State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCLXXXII., 81, 24th Jan., 1634/5.
Letter from justices of the peace for Somerset to the Council.
By Kate E. Barford. 539
he retained the commission, the Council was called upon to deal with a
number of disputes which arose chiefly from the animosity of justices at
the unwelcome interference in their affairs, is on the whole a tribute to his
conscientiousness. The object of this opposition was not merely to modify
Anthony Wither’s aims but to render them completely abortive. As
illustrations of this, the following are significant examples. A justice of
the peace for Gloucester, Nathaniel Stephens, begged the justices at the
Quarter Sessions to refrain from appointing new searchers, after Anthony
Wither had testified to the inefficiency of the existing officials. He then
proceeded to put pressure upon the inhabitants to make them refuse to
accept the office of searcher. Such a refusal was an offence for which a
fine was demanded, but the justice returned to the offenders one half of
the amount of the fine.! Later, the same justice submitted to new searchers
an oath which considerably curtailed the authority to which they were en-
titled by Statute, and was designed to defeat the ‘intent of the Com-
mission and very effect of Reformacon which can be no way assured but
by the oath of Searchers.” 2 For the moment, Wither was forced to sub-
mit, but he appealed to the Council, whereupon the justices of assize on
circuit were requested to warn Stevens to “ cease his humour of singularity.”
As this had no effect, the Merchant Adventurers, upon information received
by Wither, appealed to the Council for further action to be taken. ‘There-
upon Stephens was summoned before the Council and discharged upon
condition that he administered the oath in accordance with the Statutes.’
On another occasion, Wither came into conflict with tuckers who omitted
to send for searchers to seal the cloths, which were “sent up to the market
and sold without any visitation or sealing . . . 69 at one tyme were
ready to be sent up from the mill of one Howard ‘Tally at Bradford in
Wiltshire, whereof being advertised I went thither to stay them and see
them giccny wett measured and sealed. In doing whereof I was by one of
the same T'uckers servants by name Thomas Horne cast into the River of
Avon where the place was 20 foote deepe and 9 clothes then in the water,
under any of which if I had risen I had been inevitably drowned but by good
providence rising in a free place was holpen up and saved by the Searchers.” 4
News of this reached the Council whilst the members were considering
proceedings against Sir Edward Baynton, a justice of the peace who had in
some way obstructed the progress of the commission. It was immediately
decided to summon Wither to London to give evidence before the Attorney
) General *® who would then consult with the Lord Chief Justice of the King’s
) Bench, as to the state of affairs in the West as revealed to him in his late
ED State aan Dom., Chas. I., CCVI., 56, 1631? Report of Wither to
the Council.
2 State Papers, Dom., Chas. [., CCXV., 56, 18th April, 1632. Report of
Wither to the Council.
3 Privy Council Reg., vol. XLIL., p. 301, 28th Nov., 1632.
4 State Papers, Dom., Chas. I, CCXV., 56, 18th April, 1632. Report of
Wither to the Council.
5 Privy Council Reg., vol. XLL., p. 519, 18th April, 1632.
|
|
|
i
|
|
540 The West of England Cloth Industry.
circuit. Wither appeared on May 16th, 1632, and agreed to prosecute the |
matter in the Star Chamber because it was of too great importance to be |
delayed. ‘The result does not appear.
Both these examples illustrate not only the assiduous attention with
which the Council considered disputes, but also afford some indication of |
the type of difficulty with which the Commissioner had to deal. But the |
outstanding controversy which marked the bitterness of the relations be- |
tween the justices and Anthony Wither was undoubtedly that which |
concerned the question of the market spinners. In all the counties the |
justices supported the market spinners while Wither allied himself with |
the “white” clothiers. ‘There exists a document which is a copy of a |
statement of abuses delivered by Wither to the Council, and to it is affixed |
a note entreating the continuance of Wither’s good work for which all good |
clothiers will give thanks.! This is signed by some of the most substantial
clothiers of the west—one at least professed to employ a thousand spinners |
—all of whom had a great interest in condemning the market spinners. |
Under cover of this dispute the justices began to show contempt for the |
person and wishes of Anthony Wither. On the petition of the clothiers |
the Council had recommended that the question of market spinning should |
be discussed in their “local clothing divisions,” but in both Wiltshire and _
Gloucestershire the justices decided to unite so that the matter should be }
discussed in one meeting for the whole county. In Wiltshire where the |
discussion was in the hands of Sir John Danvers, the latter’s clerk “gave |
ayme and intelligence to Sir Francis Seymour (one of the justices) of all
private speeches betwixt myself and the clothiers at the lower end, and |
often as | was speaking he was observed by divers to use many gestures |
towards Sir Francis in derision of me.”? In Gloucestershire the justices |
were “with much partiality inciting and encouraging market spinners
affronting and controlling the clothiers in all their speeches so that ;
Market Spinners are encouraged to proceed and to increase their falsehood |
; to the destruction of trade and of making white cloth in a short |
time.”? Unfortunately for himself, Wither attempted to bribe five Wilt- |
shire clothiers who usually bought their yarn in the market, to testify to |
the falsity of the yarn sold in the market. ‘The clothiers, however, brought _
the matter before Sir Francis Seymour, who seized the opportunity of ex- |
posing it to the Council.4 This justice was apparently determined to secure |
the complete discomfiture of the commissioner. Later in the same year |
(1634) he brought a personal complaint before the notice of the Council to
the effect that Wither had declared him to be “ fitter to be a cobbler thana. |
Justice of the Peace,” > whereupon, at the instigation of the Council, Wither |
1 State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCCCVIII., 15, 1638 ?
2 State Pupers, Dom., Chas. I., CCVI., 57, 16314 Report of Wither to
Council. |
3 State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCVL, 56, 1631% Report of Wither to
Council. |
‘ State Papers, Dom., Chas. [., CCLXVIL., 17, 2nd May, 1634. Informa |
tion given by Sir F. Seymour and other J.P.s. of Wilts against Wither.
> Privy Council Reg., vol. XLIV., p. 170, 22nd Oct., 1634.
by Kate L. Barford. 541
was compelled to make a written apology for his conduct.! ‘his is the last
incident recorded of the proceedings of the commission under Anthony
Wither. From what subsequently transpired it appeared that his methods
of investigation not only roused the animosity of the local authorities but
were regarded with apprehension by his employers, the Merchant Adven-
turers. ‘hey feared that the suits which had been prosecuted in the Star
Chamber against clothiers, and the benefit which the merchants received in
forfeitures which were allowed to them under the clothing statutes, would
bring the company into disrepute. ‘The suit against Sir Mdward Baynton?
in particular, was felt to be doing nothing to increase the prestige of the
company.® For this reason an application made by Wither for the pay-
ment of £150 for law suits, including 100 marks for the suit against Sir
Edward Baynton, was temporarily set aside. In the following year the
settlement of the account was again postponed until the Star Chamber
proceedings between Wither and Sir Edward Baynton were ended. What
the result of this was isnot known, but the Merchant Adventurers were
obviously anxious to dispense with the Commissioner’s services without
satisfying his demands. Wither finally appealed to the King for payment.
In his letter he stated that he expected reward for his services from either
the King or the Merchant Adventurers. Thelatter had paid him sufficient
for the first two years, then had decreased the payment, and finally thrust
him out of his place without acquainting the King of the fact. The reason
he assigned for this action was that others had offered to perform the oftice
more efficiently and at less cost.6 From this it would appear that Wither
was dismissed, but a petition from the Merchant Adventurers, probably
early in 1636, stated that Wither had “deserted y° ymploymt by him
undertaken as Agent and Com! authorized under y® greate seale for y® true
ordering of wooll and clothmaking,” and petitioned for the substitution of
John Holland for Wither. When the Council considered the new appoint-
ment, Wither® was summoned before them. His defence does not appear,
but the Council conceded the wishes of the merchants and confirmed the
appointment of John Holland? on 3rd February, 1535/6.8
1 State Papers, Dom., Chas. [., CCLXXVII., 101, 1634, Nov. 26th.
2 The precise nature of this suit is not known.
3 Discours . . . on Freedom of Trade (anon.), 1645, p. 34. Quotation
from Court Book of Merchant Adventurers, 4th March, 1634/5.
4 Court of Merchant Adventurers, 29th Aug., 1635,
° State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCCCVIL, 78, 1688? Comparing this
with the date of the appointment of John Holland, the correct date should
be the end of 1635.
_ ® Whatever the cause of the dismissal of Wither, it did not reflect upon
his capacity to judge the value of cloth. In 1640 he was appointed as one
_ of the eleven commissioners to report upon “say dyed cloth.” State Papers,
| Dom., Chas. I., CCCCLIV., 84, 28rd May, 1640.
_ 7A John Holland is encountered as a merchant in 1640 buying Spanish
cloth. See Privy Council Register, vol. LI., p. 373, 18th March, 1639/40.
| 8 Privy Council Register, vol. XLV., p. 412.
|
542 The West of England Cloth Industry.
It is difficult to estimate the actual result of the commission upon the |
clothing industry in the West. Anthony Wither declared he saved the |
merchants £10,000 annually in freedom from abatements in Holland alone, |
where they sold but one half of their cloth... This estimate is not an |
unbiassed one, but the merchants must have appreciated the benefits they |
had gained, for they appealed again and again for the renewal of the |
commission. The incompleteness of our information leaves much to the |
imagination. The reports of Anthony Wither are not all preserved, and |
none exist from the pen of John Holland. But other sources of information
indicate that the advantages gained by the commission were very limited, |
Decrees of the Council were frustrated by inaction. ‘The principle of |
Government control was accepted without question in the early seventeenth |
century, but at the same time capitalist action with a view to avoiding and |
stultifying that control was an indication of the approach of Laissez-Faire, |
in which the production of “true” cloth should be governed by the hope of
a ready market and not by Government regulation.
1 State Papers, Dom., Chas. I., CCCCVIL., 78, 1638?
543
SAVERNAKE FOREST FUNGI.
By Ceci P. Hurst.
Savernake Forest affords great scope for mycological work and in it the
British Mycological Society reaped a rich harvest when they visited
Marlborough in 1903. ‘The following gilled fungi or agarics, popularly
known as ‘“toadstools,” over 160 in number, have recently been observed
by mein the Forest, around the adjoining village of Great Bedwyn, and in
the neighbouring woods. Rare or uncommon plants recorded are Pluteus
cervinus var. patricius on a sawdust heap in Birch Copse, lammula alnicola
at the base of beeches in Wilton Brails and in Savernake Forest, the
mushroom Psalliota Bernardi: in a field at Newtown Shalbourne (it is a
species which generally grows in pastures near the sea), Pselocbya spadicea
not uncommon in woods in this district on stumps, Coprinus sterquilinus
upon sawdust near Rhododendron Drive, the rare Magpie Mushroom (C.
picaceus) on a ride in Tottenham Park. near the Grand Avenue, the un- .
pleasant smelling Hygrophorus fetens observed near the village of Great
Bedwyn, the beautiful orange- banded Lactarius zonarius in Bedwyn Brails,
and the rare Panus conchatus on a stump in a field between Wilton Brails
‘and Bedwyn Brails. The little Grey Chantarelle (Cantharellus cinereus)
noticed in Noke Wood may also be mentioned among the uncommon
species. The names and order of Mr. J. Ramsbottom’s “ A Handbook of
the Larger British Fungi” have been followed, and Mr. E. W. Swanton,
ex-President of the British Mycological Society has very kindly named
the plants.
Amanita phalloides. ‘The most dangerous fungus known, causing over
90 per cent. of the deaths due to fungi; many fatalities have resulted from
eating this deadly agaric. Common in the woods; Bedwyn Brails, near
Rhododendron Drive, etc. In De Lisle Hay’s “ Fungus Hunter's Guide’’
this fatal species is very appropriately called the Archbane. Some account
of the poisonous qualities of this plant is given at the end of this paper.
A. muscaria. Fly Agaric. A large very handsome toadstool with scarlet cap
spotted with white, growing under birches, on the roots of which it is
probably parasitic ; common under birches, very fine in Birch Copse.
A. rubescens. Very common in the woods; with a warty cap and white
flesh instantly turning red when broken ; Rhododendron Drive, etc., etc.
_ Lepiota procera. ‘The Parasol Mushroom. Not uncommon in grassy
| places near trees and bushes; a large noticeable species.
Armillaria mellea. Very common on stumps in autumn ; a conspicuous
tawny toadstool growing in large tufts, and very variable.
| A. mucida. On beeches ; a beautiful species with pure white glutinous
cap, extending sometimes to a great height on the trunk and branches of
_ the trees ; not uncommon in the Forest.
| Tricholoma imbricatum. Marlborough Downs, near Hackpen Hill ;
| entirely biscuit-coloured ; upon Marlborough Downs, it was observed grow-
| ing with 7’. personatum, on the 5th October, 1922.
|
i
|
{
|
544 Savernake Forest Fungi. |
T. saponaceum. An agaric with very rigid dark greyish cap and white
flesh, sometimes turning reddish when bruised; not uncommon, under |
trees near Burridge Heath ; Foxbury Wood.
7’. sulphureum. A dingy yellow fungus with a strong smell of gas-tar; |
copse near Rhododendron Drive. In the “ Fungus Hunters’ Guide,” |
mentioned above, this plant is called “The Yellow Reptile,” from its
penetrating odour of gas-tar and its suspicious character.
T. gambosum. St. George’s Mushroom. A large white species appearing |
about St. George’s Day, the 23rd April, hence the popular name; not un- |
common; on a grassy slope near Bloxham Copse; near Bedwyn Brails (a |
small form) ; at Thistleland, Great Bedwyn (May, 1924).
T. personatum. A large, conspicuous, and well-known species with a, |
broad pale tan-coloured cap and stem covered with bluish fibrils; very
common, Marlborough Downs, Tidcombe Downs, ete. ; often called blue-leg, |
blueitt, or bluette; the bluish fibrils on the stem render it easy of identi: |
fication. This plant was at one time sold in Covent Garden Market. |
T. nudum. A Jargish, beautiful violet-coloured toadstool, rather common |
in the woods, and becoming discoloured with age; Bedwyn Brails, near |
~ Bloxham Copse, etc., etc. |
Clitocybe nebularzs. A big Clitocybe with broad smoky-brown cap,
common in the woods; its large size (the pileus is sometimes half a |
foot across) and gregarious habit make it conspicuous ; near Rhododendron |
Drive, in Savernake Forest, near the Bath Road, etc.
CO. maxima. A huge species with a funnel-shaped cap occasionally a foot |
across, not uncommon around Great Bedwyn in woods, very scarce in some |
districts; Bedwyn Brails, Wilton Brails, near Rhododendron Drive. This}
species, like the next, often grows in large rings.
C geotropus. A very big toadstool, not unlike the previous species, but |
with a basin-shaped not infundibuliform cap; bearing brown spots when)
young, and almond-scented; close to the Grand Avenue, and near Rhodo- }
dendron Drive. |
C. cyathiformis. A very dark, almost black, agaric, occurring from.
August to February, possessing a cup- shaped pileus, and an easily-identified |
species. It is a winter nee Conspicnons during December, and I saw) |
this year (1923).
C. laccata.. An extremely common flesh-coloured toadstool, occurring
everywhere in the woods, Bedwyn Brails, Forest, etc., etc., often called)
Laccaria laccata; the beautiful violet var. amethystena is also frequent in|
the woods, with the type; I have seen it in Bedwyn Brails, ete. |
Collybia radicata has a very sticky grey cap, shining white gills, and|
whitish stem prolonged in the ground into a long tapering tap-root ; not!
uncommon ; in the Wilderness, at Marlborough: near Wilton Brails, |
C. fusipes. A largish common reddish-brown agaric with ventricose)
cartilaginous stem ; Foxbury Wood. |
C. maculata. A big toadstool possessing a cream-coloured cap spotted
with red and a hard striated ventricose stem also maculated with rufous}
spots, common in woods, very fine examples near Rhododendron Drive.
By Cecil P. Hurst. 545
C.butyracea. Very plentiful in woods near Great Bedwyn, Rhododendron
Drive, etc., etc. ; easily known by the very buttery tan-coloured cap, and
stem thickened at the base and attenuated upwards.
OC. velutipes. A common and well-known winter fungus occurring all
through the winter on stumps, it possesses a very velvety stem; on a log
near Bloxham Copse.
C. confluens. Common in the woods and known at once by the stems
(which are pruinose or covered with a white powder) being confluent or
united below ; near Rhododendron Drive, ete.
C. dryophila, a pale reddish-buff species, is frequent in the woods.
Mycena pura. Very common in woods around Great Bedwyn, and in
Savernake Forest ; an extremely pretty agaric of a delicate rose-colour and
with a very strong smell of radishes when crushed.
M. polygramma. A large Mycena with ashy cap and long stem, the stem
is sometimes 6in. long; very fine specimens were noticed in Noke Wood
near the Bath Road, late in the year ; thesilvery grey stem is longitudinally
grooved.
UM. galericulata. A dark greyish agaric with striated cap and smooth
stem, very common on stumps; it was seen near Rhododendron Drive and
in many other places.
M. alcalina, which has a strong alkaline odour, was noticed in Bedwyn
Brails.
M. epipterygia. An agaric with a yellowish viscid stem; Bedwyn Brails.
Omphalia fibula. A very pretty tiny delicate toadstool growing among
moss in a coniferous plantation in the Forest near the Bath Road.
Pleurotus sapidus. Stump near Crabtree Cottages, Savernake Forest ;
lilac spores.
P. ostreatus. The Oyster of the Woods. On beech stumps in the Grand
Avenue. A large well-known species with dark greyish-yellow pileus,
sometimes almost blackish; a specimen with purplish cap was noticed near
Bedwyn Brails ona stump. The beautiful pigeon-coloured var. columbinus
was found by Mr. A. G. Lowndes, of Marlborough College, on hornbeams in
a field near the Waimate, at Marlborough. This fungus occurs all the year
round, and in April, 1924, I saw specimens on wood by a stream close to
the Bath Road, near Froxfield. \ It turns yellowish with age.
P. salignus. Pileus depressed; an ally of the previous species which
grew on a stump in Wilton Brails.
Pluteus cervinus. A large fawn-coloured toadstool with pink spores,
occurring on stumps and sawdust; common and found all the year
|
}
|
|
round; on sawdust in Frog Lane, Great Bedwyn; also on a sawdust heap
near Rhododendron Drive. On sawdust close to Birch Copse occurred the
uncommon var. patriceus, which has the disc (central portion) of the pileus
covered with brown, hairy, pointed squamules.
Entoloma sericeum. Dark umber pileus and grey stem; it has a smell
of meal when crushed ; West Leas, Great Bedwyn, and also on Marlborough
Common ; a frequent species.
Clitopilus prunulus. Near Rhododendron Drive, whitish cap and de-
} current gills turning pink: itis characterized by a very strong scent of new
meal when bruised; a common plant.
546 Savernake Forest Fung.
Leptonia lampropus. Dusky cap and beautiful steel-blue stem ; a small
agaric seen on West Leas, Great Bedwyn.
Nolanaea pascua. Conico-campanulate striate pileus, afterwards ex-
panded; common in pastures; it was noticed on a grassy expanse near
Bedwyn in early autumn and also near Burridge Heath, at the end of
March.
Claudopus variabilis. On branches near Rhododendron Drive. ‘The
cap is practically without a stem, sessile on the substratum, it is white, and
the gills are also white and turn pink ; a common species on sticks, etc.
Pholiota squarrosa. At the base of beeches in the Forest; a very
noticeable brownish-yellow agaric, growing in large tufts with the cap and
the stem below the ring shaggy with large brown recurved scales, which
give it a very rough appearance; an instantly-recognised species and a
familiar inhabitant of the Forest.
P. spectabilis. A large handsome brightly coloured orange fungus, the
cap is covered with adpressed squamules ; it grows on stumps and was seen
in and near Bedwyn Brails.
P. praecox. A neat symmetrical spring species noticed in some quantity
among bushes between Thistleland and Cobham Frith Wood in May, 1923.
Inocybe rimosa, with longitudinally cracked cap, is not uncommon around
Great Bedwyn, and J. geophylla was noticed in Rhododendron Drive;
elsewhere in the Forest grew its very pretty bluish-lilac var. Jelacena,
Hebeloma fastibile. A common poisonous plant with repand (turned-up)
cap seen in Bedwyn Brails and in the Forest.
H. mesophaeum. Under trees near West Leas; a small species, the pileus
is date-coloured in the centre and viscid, especially after rain.
H. testaceum (Foxbury Wood), Hf. crustuliniforme (common), H. longi-
caudum (Foxbury Wood), and Hf. nauseosum also occurred near Great
Bedwyn.
Flammula alnicola. An uncommon species growing at the foot of trees |
and observed in the Forest and in Wilton Brails ; it has a slimy sulphur- |
coloured pileus and ferruginous gills. q
Naucoria erinacea. A very small brown prickly agaric, the pileus 5 to 15
millimétres across; I noticed a few specimens growing on a stile near. |
Burridge Heath ; they were kindly named by Mr. E. W. Swanton.
The brown Galera ovalis grew on a sawdust heap near Rhododendron
Drive (teste E. W. Swanton), and G. hypnorum with striated cap and flexuous
stem was noticed on several occasions upon moss in the woods.
Tubaria furfuracea, Plentiful in Wilton Brails.
Psalliota Bernardi. In a sloping meadow near Burridge Heath in May,
1922; the cap breaks up into thick angular warts with ferruginous apices
and the stem is white with bulbous base; an uncommon mushroom,
generally found in pastures by the sea.
P. campestris, TheCommon Mushroom. Abundant, especially in certain
seasons.
P. sylvicola. Wood Mushroom. Near Savernake Lodge, and in the
Forest near the Grand Avenue. White smooth cap, ample reflexed ring,
and long (10—15 centemétres) stem with subbulbous base.
By Cecil P. Hurst. 547.
P. haemorrhoidaria. Among conifers near Rhododendron Drive and
elsewhere; gills rosy flesh-colour (this was very noticeable in my Rhodo-
dendron Drive specimens, the gills of which were of a beautiful rose-pink
colour) and flesh white, immediately turning blood-red when broken.
Stropharia aerugynosa. Very common in the woods and seen frequently
in the Forest; this is perhaps the prettiest and daintiest of all the toadstools,
and the one that would most naturally be connected with elves and fairies ;
it is of a very delicate shade of turquoise blue and the cap is often flecked
with white squamules; it is said to be poisonous.
S. semiglobata. Very common on horse-dung ; Burridge Heath, and many
other places: a suspicious plant with pale yellow viscid cap and dark
purplish gills.
Hypholoma sublaterttium. Wilton Brails; near Haw Wood, etc, a
common species on stumps; it has a brick-red pileus and is often confused
with the abundant H. fascicwlare, from which it may be distinguished by
its stem being ferruginous below and attenuated downwards, and by the
ruddy cap.
H. fasciculare. Abundant everywhere on stumps, growing in large tufts ;
light yellow cap and gills sulphur-yellow, turning green; I hada record of
this ubiquitous fungus from a garden in Upper Norwood, near London,
this autumn (1923); it occurs all the year round.
H. lachrymabundum. On a stump near Rhododendron Drive ; also near
St. Katharine’s Church, in Savernake Forest; cap whitish, in youth marked
with brownish spots which are lost later on; gills purplish and “ weeping,”
that is, beaded with moisture in rainy weather.
H. pyrotrichum. In Cobham Frith Wood, and elsewhere ; conspicuous
by the fiery red pileus and tawny stem.
H. velutinum. Bedwyn bBrails, etc.; a common species, with brown
umbonate cap, and dark gills studded with drops of water when the atmos-
phere is damp.
H.appendiculatum. A brittle agaric seen in Chisbury Wood in April, and
noticed in other places ; a common species.
Psilocybe semilanceolata. Very common on short grass in the autumn in
the Forest and neighbourhood; a small, very poisonous species, often
called ‘‘ Liberty Caps” from the shape of the pileus. Dr. Henry Wharton,
in the 7'’ransactions of the Essex Field Club, says thisfungus has often been
fatal to children, and Mr. Swanton tells me it has proved poisonous to
browsing cattle.
P. ericaea occurred in a marshy place near Round Copse, and P. spadicea,
with date-coloured pileus and white stem, was noticed in Bedwyn Brails,
and proved to be not uncommon on stumps in the woods around Great
Bedwyn ; it is, generally speaking, a scarce species.
Psathyra fatua. Foxbury Wood; a caespitose species with white stem
and ochraceous pileus.
Anellaria separata. One example in a field at Great Bedwyn; pileus very
obtuse, white, and viscid, stem long and rigid. The species of Anellaria
_ and Panaeolus often grow in fields near towns and villages. .
Panaeolus retirugis. Near Great Bedwyn; it grows in pastures and
| parks on dung, and has the pileus reticulate with raised ribs.
ia OXL.—NO. XLII. 2
548 Savernake Forest Fungi.
P. papilionaceus. On sawdust near Rhododendron Drive, and also in
Wilton Brails.; pileus pallid or pale grey, with the disc or centre reddish,
and a white stem.
Psathyrella disseminata. At Stype, on a dead trunk ; ee caespitose
with cinereous, striate cap.
Coprinus atramentarzus. <A large agaric, with sooty, sulcate pileus,
growing gregariously in Foxbury Wood ; growths of this fungus are some-
times strong enough to dislodge the pavements in towns.
C. picaceus. Called the Magpie Mushroom from its black and white
pileus; an uncommon, suspicious species, which was seen in Tottenham
Park, in a ride running parallel with the Grand Avenue.
C.niveus. A snowy-white Coprinus, very common on horse-dung ; noticed
in Haw Wood and elsewhere.
C’. micaceus. Very common on stumps and at the foot of palings, etc.,
occurring all the year round; sometimes the same mycelium produces
four crops of the fungus in the course of the year. Leigh Hill, Great
Bedwyn village, etc., etc. It is called micaceus from the shining particles
of oxalate of lime with which the pileus is plentifully besprinkled ; it
grew at the base of palings in Great Bedwyn village.
C. sterquilinus. On sawdust near Rhododendron Drive; an uncommon
‘species with a basal volva-like ring,and white cap, the disc rough with |
divergent imbricate scales.
C. plicatilas. A membranous delicate pretty little species, soon withering
in the sun’s rays; Conyger Hill, etc., very common. —
Cortinarius triumphans. A handsome largish fungus noticed in Foxbury
Wood; pileus yellow, and stem yellowish-white, adorned with tawny scales
arranged in many circles; the specific trzwmphans refers to the appearance
of the stem, like an enwreathed triumphal column.
C. purpurascens. Chisbury Wood; a large purple glutinous agarie,
-conspicuous from its size, its colour, and its very sticky mantle.
C'. cinnamomeus. Seen by the edge of Rhododendron Drive; vivid —
cinnamon cap, gills yellowish, then cinnamon; a species common in mixed |
woods from August to February.
C torvus. A big grey Cortinariusnoticed in Savernake Forest; common
in beech woods, occurring from August to November.
C. tmpennis was observed in the Forest.
C. hinnuleus.s Bedwyn Brails; cinnamon brown cap with, when young,
a white edge; very common in the woods around Bedwyn; hinnuleus,
fawn-coloured, refers to the colour of the cap.
C. decipiens. Foxbury Wood ; a frequent species growing in mixed woods
from Sept. to Nov., it has an aeneels umbonate cap.
Gomphidius unscides I always find this large agaric in a coniferous
plantation near the top of Hatchet Lane, Great Bedwyn, in the autumn;
it is an extremely handsome fungus, common in woods, chiefly of pine, from
late summer to late autumn; cap, rich red-brown, flesh, bright yellow.
G. gracilis. Coniferous wood near Birch Copse ; a pale-greyish species
common in fir woods, gills fluffy with short tomentose hairs, a very distinctive
and easily observed character.
By Cecil P. Hurst. 549
Paxillus involutus. One of the most abundant and ubiquitous fungi in
the woods around Bedwyn, appearing in June and lasting till November; -
Bedwyn Brails, Savernake Forest, etc., etc.; a species that the would-be
mycologist must early make himself familiar with ; the cap possesses a very
noticeably involute margin,hence the specific name. A brilliant yellowmould,
Hypomyces chrysosparmus is frequently parasitic on the gills of this plant.
Hygrophorus hypothejus. In a coniferous wood in Bedwyn Brails, also
noticed in Wilton Brails; a toadstool with a characteristic appearance, it
has a very glutinous dull purple cap and decurrent sulphur-yellow gills; a
common species in woods and heaths, under conifers, from Sept. to Jan.
_H. pratensis. Near Crabtree Cottages, Savernake Forest, and in various
other places, a very common agaric in pastures and on downs; wholly
light-yellow tawny in colour and almost top-shaped; edible, but without
much flavour.
H. fetens. Near Great Bedwyn; a small species with dark brown cap,
and stem clothed with transversely arranged fibrous scales ; uncommon;
smell very foetid and nauseous.
H. virgineus. A larger species than the next; it is wholly white, has
decurrent gills, and occurs near Bedwyn in grassy places; it appeared in
Bedwyn Brails in August, 1924.
H. niveus. West Leas, near Great Bedwyn, in great plenty ; an entirely
snowy-white, pretty little agaric, abundant in grassy places in autumn.
H. laetus, with a tawny viscid cap and a tough glutinous stem, occurs
near Bedwyn.
H. coccineus. A very common Hygrophorus, growing in many places
near Bedwyn, seen in Wilton Brails, etc., etc.; sometimes yellow, sometimes
red, and found from June to December.
H. puniceus. Vhe largest of the crimson Hygrophort, occurs on grassy
slopes near Bedwyn, and may be known by its stem, always white at the base.
H. conicus. Merle Down, near Foxbury Wood, a red species not un-
common on the Bedwyn downs, known by its conical acute cap, ultimately
turning black.
H. calyptraeformis. A beautiful and elegant species, growing in a
shrubbery, near Savernake Lodge; witha pink, acutely conical cap lobed
below, rose-coloured gills, and a white brittle stem.
H. psittacinus. A very common greenish species easily recognized and
appearing early in the year, I noticed plants on a grassy slope near Shalbourne
Newtown on the 31st March, 1923 ; pszttacenus refers to the green parrot-
like colour, from pszttacus, the green ringed parrot.
FH. nitratus is found near Great Bedwyn.
_ Lactarius torminosus. Foxbury Wood, and elsewhere; a big Lactarius
with flesh- or strawberry-coloured cap and very acrid juice; the pileus has
a very shaggy margin ; it was gathered in Foxbury Wood in August, 1924.
L. turpis. Near Rhododendron Drive, rather common in the woods and
appearing early; grimy, black, and viscid, it is an easily recognized large
Lactarius, sometimes 8in. across.
L, blennius. Common under beeches in Savernake Forest ; it has a grey
glutinous cap and white gills, and is common in woods, especially beech,
from July to November ; the pileus is very sticky in wet weather.
2p?
—
550 Savernake Forest Fung.
L.insulsus grows near Bedwyn; it wasseen in August,1924,on ConygerHill.
I. zonarius. An uncommon plant, a group of which occurred on one of
the rides in Bedwyn Brails, a specimen was also seen in Wilton Brails; the
cap, which is pale orange or yellowish, is beautifully zoned, and the gills
and stem are first whitish and then yellowish. The smell is strong and the
taste very acrid ; it is a handsome species.
LI. pyrogalus. Foxbury Wood: a Lactarius with extremely acrid re,
the specific pyrogalus, fire milk, well indicates the intense acridity of the
latex of this agaric, which rasps the tongue if taken into the mouth; the
pileus, at first cinereous-grey, at length becomes dingy yellow, and the
gills are rather characteristic, being of a light yellow wax-colour; a
common plant.
LI. piperatus. A large acrid entirely white species found in Haw Wood,
with an infundibuliform pileus, and decurrent, narrow, crowded gills;
common in some years.
LL. vellereus. Foxbury Wood, in some quantity; another big fungus,
with white, or pallid tan pileus ; sometimes a foot across, but not generally
so large as the last species ; common in woods from August to December,
and with bitter-acrid milk ; it was plentiful inChisbury Wood in August, 1924,
LI. deliciosus. A very well-known agaric since Greek and Roman times ;
in Foxbury Wood and Wilton Brails, Savernake Forest, etc. ; possessing an
orange pileus and deep orange juice, it is at once known by its property of
turning green, if bruised ; common in coniferous woods, and famous down
the ages as an esculent when young and fresh. This fungus is represented
in one of the frescoes excavated at Pompeii.
LI. quietus. Near Rhododendron Drive; a common rather handsome
plant, with pileus of a rich sienna flesh-colour ; the milk is white and sweet,
and the smell oily.
LL. vietus occurred in Foxbury Wood.
L. glyciosmus. An agaric with convex pileus becoming somewhat plane,
of a yellowish colour, shaded over with pale lavender-purple, seen in various
parts of the Forest; my specimens have been mostly small, but the plant
grows to three inches across; it has a fragrant-aromatic smell, hence the
specific glyciosmus, from the Greek, glukis, sweet, and dsmé, scent.
LI. volemus. Seen in several places near Bedwyn; a conspicuous, rufous
tawny, golden. Lactarius with a hard rigid pileus, which at length becomes
cracked and fissured (rimoso-rivulose); the stem is hard and obese and the
milk white, sweet, and plentiful ; a few plants in Chisbury Wood, August, |
1924. Edibla;this and L. deliciosus are the “ vegetable sheep’s-kidneys” |
of the French cooks.
L. serifluus. Between Newtown, Shalbourne, and Burridge Heath;
brown, tawny, depressed pileus, and stem hairy at the base; a common
species in woods and boggy places.
L. mitissimus. In a coniferous plantation between Savernake Lodge and
the Bath Road; bright orange pileus and somewhat paler gills, often
minutely spotted ; milk copious and white, mild, then slightly bitter.
L. subdulcis. Rather common near Rhododendron Drive; pale reddish,with
papillate pileus, and equal somewhat pruinose stem, milk white, rather mild. | —
L. cimicarius. In a field near Round Copse; very dark brown, almost | —
1
'
|
By Cecll P. Hurst. 551
black pileus, reddish orange gills ; it has a strong smell of bugs, hence the
specific name czmecarzus, from cimex, a bug, this was well-pronounced in
my specimens.
fiussula chloroides. Foxbury Wood; a large rigid plant, somewhat re-
sembling Lactarius vellereus, but without the milk ; the white apex of the
stem is encircled by a greenish zone.
f. nigricans. Extremely common in the Forest, a big Russula with
dark- brownish, sooty cap,and thick, distant, rigid, brittle gills ; it turns black
ultimately, and dry and persistent specimens in this condition are often
conspicuous under the Forest beeches, in the autumn.
R. adusta. Savernake Forest; sooty pileus and white stem, known from
the preceding species by its small size and crowded gills.
ft. virescens. I think I have seen this beautiful green agaric among a
clump of birches in Bedwyn Brails.
&. lepida. A large elegant species with rose-coloured pileus noticed in a
beech avenue in Haw Wood, Savernake Forest.
fi. cyanoxantha. This big Russula, which has a purplish-green pileus,
or cap, occurred in Wilton Brails, and near Rhododendron Drive.
R. fetens. A large, coarse species, common in the woods around Bedwyn,
Foxbury Wood, etc., and appearing early. Cap dingy yellow, globose, then
expanded, stem whitish and ventricose; it possesses a strong burning-
foetid odour, is probably poisonous, and is described in Massee’s ‘‘ Britesh
Fungus- Flora,” as bursting through the earth like a ball, then expanding ;
it is very viscid in damp weather.
fi. ochroleuca. Plentiful among beeches in the woods through which
Rhododendron Drive runs ; a common species in beech, woods; with yellow
pileus and white stem becoming grey; the stem is slightly reticulately-
rugose, which is an aid in identification.
R.fellea. Near Rhododendron Drive;common in beech woods,wholly straw-
colour ; pileusdarker tinged, especially at the disc ; taste very acrid and bitter.
R. fragilis. Under trees near Burridge Heath ; pileus flesh-colour or
red, with white gills and stem ; a small, acrid species, common in woods and
pastures, and perhaps the most frequent of the red Russulas.
H. emetica occurs near Great Bedwyn.
R. luteo-tacta. Foxbury Wood. Red pileus, soon becoming whitish in
places and spotted with yellow; the white or rosy stem is spotted with yellow,
as are also the white gills, which exude watery drops in wet weather and
become yellowish when cut or bruised ; not uncommon in woods and parks.
RR. Romellii, R. xerampelina, and #. cutefracta occur near Great Bedwyn,
and R. mitis was noticed near Rhododendron Drive, in August, 1924, and
in the same month, A. rubra in Bedwyn Brails.
R. lutea. In Savernake Forest, on short grass not far from the Brayden
Oak; yellow pileus, and ochraceous egg-yellow gills ; common in woods and
on lawns from July to November.
Cantharellus cibarius. Entirely egg-yellow ; the well-known Chantarelle.
Not uncommon in the woods round Bedwyn, and very easily recognized ;
the decurrent, fleshy-waxy, thick gills obtuse at the edge, and the egg-colour
of the whole plant are very distinctive; it was plentiful in the woods in the
early part of August, 1924.
552 Savernake Forest Fungt.
C. aurantiacus. Plentiful in Bedwyn Brails and Wilton Brails; in a
recent classification this is placed in Clatocybe ; ; the gills are deep orange,
and the pileus is light yellow ; very common in woods, especially fir, from
June to December.
C. cinereus. A blackish, sooty, uncommon species, found in Noke Wood,
near the Bath Road; the gills are cinereous, decurrent, and thick. The
eminent French mycologist, Lucien Quélet, says that this species has a smell
“like the mirabelle plum.”
Nyctalis asterophora. I have noticed this fungus, which lives on other
agarics, in Savernake Forest on various occasions, growing upon blackened
plants of Russula nigricans.
Marasmius peronatus. Common in plantations near Bedwyn; it has a
thin leathery pileus, dull yellowish gills, and a stem clothed below with
dense strigose down ; the smell is very pronounced and characteristic ; in
1924 it was seen near Rhododendron Drive, at the end of July or beginning
of August. :
M. oreades. The famous Fairy Ring Champignon, forming enormous
green circles on the downs, and in pastures ; an abundant species appearing
early, and common near Bedwyn. The huge green rings on the chalk es-
carpment to the south of Bedwyn, were once mistaken for traces of pee
dwellings of prehistoric man !
M. prasiosmus. This plant has been noticed in a wood near Bedwyn ; it
has a very strong persistent smell of garlic, and is found in beech woods.
M. rotula. By the side of Rhododendron Drive, growing on dead twigs ; @
curious little agaric, with a white plicate pileus, and a blackish horny stem; |
the white gills are few and distant, and are attached to a collar, which en- |
circles, but does not touch, the stem. |
Panus conchatus. A rare species found on a stump in a field on the |
west side of Bedwyn Brails, with a cinnamon cap, very decurrent wood- |
eoloured gills, and a pale unequal stem.
P. torulosus. Uponastump on Stokke Common ; flesh-coloured, varying |
rufescent, pileus, tan-coloured, decurrent gills, and pale stem covered with |
greyish down, whence the specific name torulosus, from torula, a tuft of wool.
P. stypticus. Frequent on dead stumps and fallen branches, and occur-
ring from January to December ; it is not uncommon around Bedwyn, and
is a possibly poisonous species which is said to be luminous.
Lenutes betulina. Common on stumps near Bedwyn; the pileus is
sessile, zoned and tomentose, and the gills dingy white.
ADDENDA.
Amanita phalloides var. umbrina. Conyger Hill; differs from the type
in the brownish umber pileus, and in the fuscous, adpressed squamules on
the stem.
A. mappa. Rather common in the woods; Wilton Brails ; Haw Wood;
etc. Whitish yellow pileus covered with brownish scales, and white stem |
with a large bulbous base ; poisonous, and resembling a small edition of the |~
deadly A. phalloides. |
A. excelsa. Stokke Common; a poisonous species, with a pleasant taste
and unpleasant smell; a not uncommon agaric.
By Cecil P. Hurst. 553
A pantherina, Birch Copse; a greyish-olive, or sooty pileus, with striate
margin, white stem with bulbous base, volva white, forming one or two
concentric rings at the apex of the globose base of the stem; a poisonous
plant, frequentin woods. Atameeting of the British Mycological Society it
was agreed that most of the fatal cases of poisoning by so-called mush-
rooms are attributable to Amanita phalloides, or to the nearly allied A.
mappa or A. pantherina. On the Continent, these species are the cause of
over one hundred deaths annually, the peasants being accustomed to eat a
great number of different species, and so are liable to make an erroneous
determination.
A. spissa. Very fine on a ride in Wilton Brails near Dod’s Down; large
dark-grey pileus, with non-striate margin, striato-decurrent gills, that is
decurrent down the stem in fine lines, and stem clothed with concentric
squamules below the ring.
Amanitopsis vaginata. Bedwyn Brails, etc., etc. A common species
with pale mouse-grey pileus, with striate margin, and white or grey stem,
without a ring ; common in woods, and on heaths and pastures from June
to November.
A. strangulata, with brown cap covered with the remnants of the volva
and deeply striate at the margin, white gills, and stem greyish-white, stout,
attenuated upwards, and encircled by several greyish rings in the lower
half, occurred on Conyger Hill; it is not uncommon in woods, and on
pastures, from May to October, chiefly on the chalk and limestone; two
plants by Chisbury Wood, August, 1924 ; the stem is very long, up to nearly
a foot, in this plant.
A. fulva. In a ride near Rhododendron Drive; a large orange agaric
with flattened umbonate cap, and paler tawny squamulose stem, surrounded
at the base by the free yellowish membranaceous volva ; common in woods
and on heaths, especially under birch trees.
Leprota mastoidea occurs near Bedwyn.
LI. cristata. Common under beeches in Savernake Forest, near the
Grand Avenue; pileus white, with the disc or centre brown and covered
with reddish scales ; when crushed, this agaric has a strong, rather un-
pleasant smell. 3
L. carcharvas. A pretty little Zepeota rather frequent in the woods near
Bedwyn, with a reddish-orange granular cap, and stem granular below the
ring ; an entirely white form was found in Bedwyn Brails.
Tricholoma albobrunneum. A largish, beautiful species seen in Foxbury
_ Wood, with a rich brown viscid cap, white gills, and stem white at both ends.
T. rutilans. A very handsome big fungus found in pine woods, on or
Near stumps, with a broad, yellow pileus beautifully variegated with purple,
i
}
noticed in Birch Copse, etc. ; a common species.
T. terreum. A frequent,mouse-grey,brittle toadstool observed in Foxbury
}
_ Wood, etc.
T. murinaceum. Savernake Forest, under beeches; another brittle
Species, with a dusky cap, and with a very strong odour when crushed.
T. panaeolum. Gregarious ina field at Great Bedwyn; moderate in size,
with a blackish or dark-greyish downy cap.
LT. sordidum. Chisbury Wood ; much resembling the violet-blueZ. nudum
but smaller, tougher, and with a narrower edge to the pileus.
554 Savernake Forest Fungi.
Clitocybe clavipes. Bedwyn Common ; grey pileus and conspicuously
club-shaped stem.
C. odora. This greenish agaric is found near Bedwyn, and C. rivulosa
also occurs in the neighbourhood.
C’. phyllophila. Plentiful near Rhododendron Drive, and also occuring
near Stokke Common; a small, whitish species, with the stem incurved
and downy at the base ; common, especially in beech woods; a suspicious,
probably poisonous, plant. |
C. infundibuliformis. Near Rhododendron Drive, and elsewhere; an
extremely common biscuit-coloured agaric with funnel-shaped cap.
C. flacceda. Among shrubs, by Rhododendron Drive ; orange cap, at
length infundibuliform; gills very arcuate and very crowded ; a frequent
Clitocybe.
With regard to the poisonous nature of Amanita phalloides, it may be |
mentioned that within the last fifty years, between 50 and 60 per cent. of |
-cases of poisoning due to this fungus have resulted in death, and surprisingly _
small quantities have proved fatal. With the exception of the common
mushroom, very few fungi are eaten in England, and so Amanita phallowdes —
and its allies (for some of these are poisonous, though not in the same degree) |
are fortunately left severely alone, though even in this country they _
sometimes make their presence felt by getting accidentally mixed in mush-
room gatherings, and in Sept. 1907, Amanzta phalloides caused the death of |
Six persons (father, mother, and four children) in one family, at a village |
near Ipswich. The case is recorded by Mr. C. B. Plowright in the 7’ran-
sactions of the British Mycological Society for 1908; the toadstool was |
shown to the village constable and identified. It is this fungus that causes |
paragraph headings like the following to appear in the Continental news- |
papers during the autumn :—‘‘ Une famille empoisonnée par les champig- |
nons. Les trois enfants sont morts. La mére est mourante” (Le Petit |
Journal, 4th Oct., 1923) ; these fatalities occurred near Bordeaux, and on
the 2nd December, 1923, Le: Petzt Journal recorded under the heading |
“Les champignons font dix victimes ” that a family of Brindisi consisting |
of ten persons had died after eating fungi. So numerous are the accidents |
on the Continent that I remember a case of toadstool poisoning being |
headed “Toujours les Champignons!” ‘The poison of Amanita phalloides |
is an Amanita-toxin and no antidote is known, the treatment being that of |
poisoning and septic intoxication in general. Amanita phalloides is an |
extremely common inhabitant of woods and when very young, bears some |
resemblance to the mushroom in the button stage. Experimenters have |
succeeded in immunizing animals to the poison, but so far no curative |
anti-toxin has been prepared. Mr. J. Ramsbottom, of the British Museum, |
remarks that people making gastronomic experiments with fungi should |
previously familiarize themselves with the characters of this very dangerous |
plant ; the same writer observes that, in cases of fungus poisoning, if |
Amanita phalloides can be ruled out of account, the prognosis becomes at | ~
once much more favourable. An experienced mycologist of my acquaint- |
ance, a medical man, used invariably to wash his hands, after handling |
this deadly toadstool. The colour of the cap varies from green to yellowish |~
and olive, but near Bedwyn, it is generally found of a pretty, pale primrose- |
yellow, with shining white gills, and with an innocent appearance that very |
By Cecil P. Hurst, 059
much belies its real character. The smell, when freshly broken, is not
unpleasant, but when decayed it is insupportably foetid. Whilst by no
means the only poisonous agaric, for others are extremely dangerous or
highly suspicious, it is probable that the virulence of this species has given
a bad reputation to the “‘ toadstool” fungi generally. The British Mycological
Society advocate that all Amanztae and Volvarzae should be rejected as a
possible source of food; they are easily distinguished by the volva or sheath
at the base of the stem, called by the Americans, “the poison cup.”
556
A LOST FRAGMENT OF HULLAVINGTON REGISTER
RESTORED.
By the Rev. E. H. Gopparp.
At the Marlberough Meeting of the Society, in 1923, Mr. W. H. Barrett,
of Chippenham, presented to the Society’s Library a number of interesting
old documents and maps. Amongst these were six vellum leaves which
were obviously part of a 17th century register of Hullavington. These the
donor stated that he had rescued from being burnt with a number of other
papers after the death of an old inhabitant in whose possession they had been.
They were sewn together and showed the edges of several other leaves
which had been cut off and doubtless used as covers for jam pots or other |
such-like purposes. 4
The present Vicar, the Rev. E. G. Mortimer, writing Feb. 19th, 1924,
says:—“ The Hullavington Register does not go back further than 1694,
but it is obvious that some leaves have been torn out of the old book before
this date, and doubtless they are the ones that you have.”
They have since been bound and returned to the keeping of the Vicar of
Hullavington in the hope that in future they may not again stray from the
register chest. There seems to have been no knowledge or record of their
existence.
Of the twelve pages four and a half are filled with entries of baptisms and
burials, and the remaining seven and a half with entries of the amounts
collected in the parish by brief for various purposes. These number 39,
and are here printed. ‘They are mostly undated, but the dates 1661, 1662,
1663, and 1670 occur. ;
The baptisms numbered 2 in 1656, 7 in 1657, 9 in 1658, 7 in 1659, 8 in 1660,
7 in 1661, and the names included are Holborow, Punter, Bullock, Gingell, |
Sergent, Hulbert, Brookes, Browne, Davis, Webbe, Edwards, Whiting, |
Collins, Hobbes, Clerke (2), Gaune (?) Gouen (?), Berry, Pyard, Mors, Ivie.
The burials numbered 6 in 1654, 2 in 1655, 4 in 1656, 6 in 1657, 6 in 1658,
3 in 1659, 7 in 1660, 61n 1661. ‘The names are as follows :—Whiteing, Hale,
Wate, Ivy, Buff, Bullocke, Punter, Mallard, Colman, Holborow, Latimer,
Hibbert (?), Ruse (?), Ward, Tanner, Lane (?), More, Sergent, Gaune (4),
Clarke, Perton (?), Marsh, Lewis, Jenkins, Power.
Among the entries are these :—
Buried the 234 day of October 1654, Mrs. Jane Ivy the daughter of Mrs,
Anne Ivy widow.
Buried the 17" day of August 1656 Mr Tho: Colman minister of Broken-
borow.
Buried the VI“ of September 1656 Edward Holborow ye pish Clarke.
Buried the 30% day of Aug: 1657 Mr. William Latimer of this Pish of
Hullavington Clerke.
St John yesonne of Thomas Ivie gent & of M argaret his wife was baptized
ye 31 day of December.
|
:
t
{
1
|
t
|
|
A Lost Fragment of Hullavington Register Restored. 507
Tue BRIEFS.
Collected in Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye repayre of ye
Church of St Michael in ye County Summerset ye summe of eight pence.
John Diston Minister ibid. Thos Watts Willm Jenkins (?) Church
wardens,
Collected in Hullington in ye County of Wilts towards ye repair of
Sandwich Church Sixpence. Jo: Diston Minist'.
Rec‘. of ye Minister of Hullavington towards ye repair of Sandwich Church
Sixpence by me Mark Aires (7).
Collected in Hullington towards ye repair of Basing Church, Six pence,
Jo: Diston Min. ib.
Rec*. of ye Minister of Hullington towards ye repair of Basing Church
Six pence by me Mark Aires (?).
Collected in Hullington for Lydney Church Sixpence. Jo: Diston Min.
ibid. Ed Marsh Geo Power Churchwardens. ;
Collected in Hullington in ye County of Wilts for Henry Lister (?) of
Gisburn in Yorkshire ye summe of ten pence Jo: Diston Ed. Marsh
Geo Power Churchwardens.
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye
advancem' of ye Fishing royal ye summe of one shilling & fower pence
by ye Churchwardens there John Diston Minist’. John Bullock,
Churchwarden.
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye
reliefe of Anne Walter of ye parish of Redniffe (?) in ye County of
Surrey ye summe of eight pence ster by ye Churchwardens there.
John Diston Ministt ibid. John Bullock Churchwarden.
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye
reedifying of Gravesend Church ye summe of Eight pence. John Diston
Minister. ibid. John Bullock Churchwarden.
Collected in ye parish of Hullington in ye County of Wilts towards ye
repayring of ye losses in Grantham by fire fowerteen pence. John Diston
Min. ib. Tho. T. Watts Churchwarden.
Collected in ye parish of Hullington in ye County of Wilts towards ye
reedifying of ye Church of Witheha in Sussex ye summe of One Shilling
Six pence John Diston Minister.
Collected in ye parish of Hullington in ye County of Wilts towards ye
repayring of ye losses by fire sustayned by Inhabitants of Tiverton in
Devon ye sume of one shilling. John Diston Min. ibid. Thos Watts
Churchwarden.
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye
Reliefe of Ann Royston Relict of John Royston formerly of Donnington
in ye County of Berks ye summe of Eleven pence by ye Churchwardens
there John Diston Minister ibid.
Received of ye Churchwardens of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts ye
summe of Eleven pence, wch. was collected by vertue of a Briefe deliverd
to yem in ye behalfe of Ann Royston. I say Received by me Edmund
(——%).
558 A Lost Fragment of Hullavington Register Restored.
Received of ye Churchwardens of Hullavington in ye county of Wilts ye |
summe of ten pence ster (?) which was collected by vertue of a Briefe |
deliver’d to yem in ye behalfe of ye inhabitants of Leyton in ye parish |
of Cloford in ye County of Summerset. I say received this of by me(szc). |
Feb. 23 1663 Rec’. then of ye Churchwardens of Hullavington in ye |
County of Wilts ye summe of One Shilling two pence towards repayring
of ye losses sustaind by fire in Grantham in ye County of Lincoln. I say
tec’, by me. George Milles, :
Rect of ye Churchwardens of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts ye
summe of one shilling wch was collected by vertue of a Briefe delivered |
to yem in ye behalfe of John De Krayno Kraynsky. I say receivd by |
me [Wo signature. | |
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye |
releife of ye distressed persons of Bullinbroke (?) ye summe of one shilling
ster. John Dister Minister John Bullock John Strephens Church- |
wardens.
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye |
Keliefe Bridgnorth ye summe of one shilling. John Diston, Minister,
ib. John Bullock, John Strephens, Church Wardens.
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye |
releife of Stephen Edmonds of Beydon in ye county afore (szc.) ye summe _
of one shilling fower pence. John Diston Minister. Will™ Jenkins (2) _
overseer of poor. John Strephens Churchwarden. |
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye :
Reliefe of those for whom John de Kraino Kransky was impowerd to |
(——?) ye Summe of one shilling. John Diston Minister ibid. John |
Bullock John Stephens Church Wardens. |
Collected in ye Parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye |
repayring of ye losses by fire of Charles Pitford & others living in ye
parish of St. Giles in ye fields within the libertyes of Westminster ye |
summe of one shilling two pence. John Diston Minister. John (——%), |
Beniamin ( ?) Churchwardens. - |
Received this 12'* day of March 1662 of ye Minister of Hullavington in ye |
County of Wilts towards ye losses by fire in ye Parish of St. Martins in |
Westminster ye summe of one shilling two pence ster by me. John (——2), |
July 19, 1663 Receivd then of ye Minister of Hullavington ye Summe of |
one shilling towards ye losses at Gravesend (?) by me Edmund
Received also for Ann Walter 8°. by me Edmond _[? Coale] |
Rec*. of ye Churchwardens of Hullington in ye County of Wilts, towards [7
ye repayring of ye losses of Thomas Sloper of Hartpury in ye County of |
Glos. Gent, by vertue of a Briefe deliverd to yem, ye sum of twelvpence |
ster. I say rec’. by me.
Rec*. of ye Churchwardens of Hullington in ye County of Wilts, towards |~
ye building of ye Church of Lidney in ye County of Glos., by vertue of |
a Briefe to yem deliverd, ye sum of tenpence. I say rect by me.
Rec’, of ye Churchwardens of Hullington in ye County of Wilts towards |~
ye repairing of ye losses of Henry List’ (?) of Gisbrogh in ye County of |
York, by vertue of a Briefe to yem deliverd, ye Som of tenpence. I say |
Rec*. by me. |
By the Rev. EL. H. Goddard. 599
October 1. 1670. Rect then of ye Minist™. & Churchwardens of ye parish
of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards ye repairing ye losses
of ( eham) by fire in Cambridge—shire ye summe of one shilling nine
pence. I say received by me Hugh Hillman.
Recd. of ye Churchwardens of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts towards
ye losses of St. Toles in Oxford by fire ye Summe of one shilling ster.
I say Recd by me.
Rec’. of ye Churchwardns of Hullavington i in ye County of Wilts towards
ye losses of Ligrave in ye parish of Luton in ye County of Bedford ye
summe of one shilling fower pence this day of I say receivd by me
Hugh Hillman.
Rec® of ye Churchwardens of Hullavington in the County of Wilts towards
ye losses of Mary Peirson (?) of N——-stead in the County of Kent one
shilling sixpence. this day of . Lsay Rect by me.
1661. Rect then of ye Minister & Churchwardens of ye parish of Hul-
lavington in ye County of Wilts ye summe of one shilling wch was
collected in ye s* parish by vertue of a briefe delivered to yem in ye
behalfe of ye Inhabitants of Fremington in ye County of Devon. I say
received by me.
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts ye summe of
one shilling, by vertue of a briefe delivered to us in behalfe of some
inhabitants of Fremington in ye County of Devon, wch sufferd by fire,
by us John Diston Minister. John Bullock John Stephens Church-
wardens.
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye county of Wilts, ye sum of
one shilling two pence ob by vertue of a Briefe deliverd to us in behalfe
of Southwould alls Sowlbay,in ye county of Suffolk wch sufferd by fire, by
us. Jo: Diston. Minister ibid. John Bullock John Stephens Church-
wardens.
Rec*. then of ye Minister & Churchwardens of Hullavington in ye County
of Wilts, ye summe of one shilling two pence halfpenny wch was collected
in ye sd parish by vertue of a briefe deliverd to yem in Behalfe of South-
would alls Sowlbay in ye County of Suffolk. I say Rec* by me.
June 2. 1661. Rec? then of ye Minister & Churchwardens of Hullavington
in ye County of Wilts the Summe of one shilling sixpence wch was
collected in ye s%. parish by vertue of a Briefe delivered to yem in ye
behalfe of ye Towne of Fakenam in ye County of Norfolk. I say Rec
by me. Edmund (—‘?)
Collected in ye Parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts ye summe of
one shilling sixpence upon a Briefe delivered to us in behalfe of ye Towne
of Fakenam in ye County of Norfolke Jun. 2.61. John Diston Ministr.
ibid. John Bullock John Stephens Churchwardens.
July 28. 61. Collected in ye Parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts
_ ye summe of one shilling sixpence ster by vertue of a briefe deliverd to
us in behalfe of some Inhabitants of ye Parish of St. Dunstans West in
London who sufferd by fire. Jo: Diston Minister. ibid. John Bullock
John Stephen Churchwardens.
Rec?, then of ye Minister & Church wardens of Hullington in ye County of
|
|
|
|
560 A Lost Fragment of Hullavington Register Restored.
Wilts ye Sum of one shilling sixpence collectd in ye parish by vertue ofa |
briefe deliverd to yem in behalfe of some Inhabitants of St. Dunstans —
London, I say rec4. by me.
Rec*. then of ye Minister & Churchwardens of Hullavington ye summe of _
one shilling & a penny wch was collected in ye sd parish by vertue of a
briefe delivered to yem on ye behalfe of ye Town of Watchet in County
of Summerset I say Received by me.
Collected in ye parish of Hullavington in ye County of Wilts, ye summe of
one shilling and one penny, upon a briefe deliverd to us in ye behalfe of
ye Towne of Watchet in ye County of Summerset. Jo: Diston Ministr
John Stevens, (——?) Churchwardens. —
561
THE CHURCHES OF ALDBOURNE, BAYDON, COLLING-
BOURNE DUCIS, AND COLLINGBOURNE KINGSTON.
By C. E. Ponttna, F.S.A.
S. MicHaEL, ALDBOURNE.
This Church consists of chancel with chapels on the north and south,
nave with western tower, and north and south aisles, and north and south
transepts; south porch, and a chapel southward of the south aisle, extend-
ing in length from the transept to the porch.
Although there is nothing to show what the eastern part of the Norman
Church was like (the termination was probably by a square end and not an
apse), there is a good deal of evidence of the Norman nave and aisles,
particularly its south side, which stood practically on the lines of the
present. The narrowness of the present aisles is in itself evidence of
Norman foundations, and this is strengthened by the early 12th century
south doorway showing no signs of ever having been disturbed. The
voussoirs of the south arcade once formed part of arches coeval with the
early 12th century doorway, but they have been rebuilt, while the western
detached column of the north arcade has a Norman capital, although of
different stone from the rest of the work here of this period. In the eastern
respond of the south arcade can be seen what is probably the remains of
the S.W. pier of a former central tower, but there is no definite indication
of its date. Indeed, the fact that this stonework bears no sign of having
been submitted to the action of fire, as does the Norman work of the arches,
points to the conclusion that this central tower was of a later date. Many
of the burnt stones have, however, been re-worked and employed in the
later work elsewhere, including the inner member of the western arch.
The original Norman nave was evidently more or less destroyed by fire,
and rebuilt early in the 13th century. A close inspection of the arches will
show that its stones were not worked for their present positions, for the
Norman ornamentation does not fit at the apex, nor do the labels intersect
properly at the springing level, while the joining of the Norman label with
the later one of the western arch is bungled.
The south arcade has four bays of cylindrical columns with a coeval demi-
column western respond, supporting both orders of the arches, while the
aeaaeesneetntieaiaal
inner order is carried by a semi-octagonal respond, and the outer dies on to
the pier above mentioned which has an Karly English moulding ; the chamfer
of the outer order remains on the aisle side with its stop indicating the
period at which I conclude the tower and arcade were rebuilt after the fire
in the 13th century ; a modern copy exists on the other side. ‘The respond
has a similar stop, and is coeval with the rebuilding. ‘The columns have
) capitals with 13th century mouldings and remarkable base mouldings of
| one large flat splay, the surface being slightly convex; these stand on
|
|
|
}
square bases of two stages, without the foot ornament which would probably
have been used had the work been earlier.
562 Lhe Churches of Aldbourne, Baydon, and the Collingbournes.
The inner order of the three eastern arches is coeval with the rebuilding,
and consists of a chamfer on each edge. ‘The outer order of the western of
the four arches is similar to this inner, and the label is of the same period ;
while the outer order of this arch has a bold roll with cavetto on each side.
The outer order of the remaining three has a similar chamfer on the aisle
side, while the nave side is made up of the voussoirs of the Norman arches
having two members of chevron ornament on the first and second, and a
kind of scallop on the labels, and three rows of billet mould on the third ;
the latter is enriched with the saw ornament.
All four arches are of an obtuse pointed form, and a close inspection will
reveal abundant evidence that the stones are not in their original positions.
The north arcade is of five bays and extends westward beyond that on
the south, and the west respond has a blank wall between it and the tower.
This arcade is coeval with the rebuilding of the south, and some of the
Norman stones have been used in it, including the capital referred to, which
is enriched with the scallop ornament ; it is, however, of Chilmark stone,
and its base has an additional member. The easternmost detached column
is of Bath freestone, and is probably modern, as also the piecing of the
respond. The arches of this arcade are more sharply pointed than those
on the south, the western arch has the roll-mould inner order and chamfered
outer; the other arches have two orders of chamfers; all have labels of an
early form, and on one is a head terminal of the Malmesbury type. The
west respond of the north arcade is similar to the east respond of the south,
and vice versa.
Nave and aisles. The clerestory and roofs are part of the general 15th
century re-modelling of the Church; the former has three three-light square-
headed windows on each side, with cinquefoil cusping; the nave roof is of
flat span form of nine bays, divided by principals with wall-braces resting
on good sculptured head corbels; all bays have intermediate principals,
with the exception of the narrow western bay ; these timbers, together with |
the wall-plates, purlins, and ridge piece, are richly moulded. The aisle |
roofs are of span form, the timbers also moulded. In the 1867 restoration, |
the lead was removed from the nave roof and a high pitched slated roof
with red tile ridge was placed over it, the old roof, fortunately, being re-
tained as a ceiling, so that the effect is limited to the exterior. |
South porch. The statement in W.A.JZ., vol. XXVIIL., p. 157, that“ the |
upper room of this porch was unfortunately destroyed at the last restoration, |
though the staircase remains,” with an obviously inadvertent reference to
a north porch which does not exist, is rather misleading and (the author of |
“Highways and Byways of Wilts” has fallen into the same mistake) gives |~
an impression which is, happily, not borne out by examination of the |)
building. The only part removed in 1867 is the floor of this room, and its |”
window now lights the porch, while a door has been put at the foot of the |
stair, so that the alteration may be summarized as the loss of a room and |
the gain of a brush cupboard! The porch is of the 15th century. It has |
diagonal buttress and embattled parapet carried up the flat-pitched gable. | i
The outer doorway has a moulded pointed arch under a square label. The |
window over is of two lights with square head, and a niche was inserted | ;
By C, EL, Ponting. 563
over the inner door when the floor was removed. There are stone benches
inside on east and west. The Norman inner doorway has attached jamb
shafts supporting the outer order and a roll mould inner member carried
round arch and jambs. The chevron ornament is similar to that in the
south arcade.
The crossing has Perpendicular arches of the 15th century opening into
the transepts and chancel, of the orthodox roll-shafts on the cardinal sides,
with hollows between, with moulded caps and bases, and the same moulding
carried around jambs and arches; in the east jambs facing the transepts
are angel corbels for figures. The arches are of fine proportions, and those
of the transepts are carried up well into the clerestory—the north further
than the south—the roof and gable window being higher.
The south chapel. ‘This is now used as organ chamber and vestry, and
the screen in the western arch is made up of old woodwork which might
well have formed part of the rood screen now missing from its rightful
position. The arch giving access into the chapel from the chancel is similar
to that on the north, and that leading to the south transept is similar to
to the corresponding one on the north, but is smaller. The east window is
of three lights, and pointed, as is also that to the North Chapel, but the
tracery is more elaborate, and the outer member of the mullions and tracery
is enriched by a moulding instead of being plain. There is a priest’s door
in the south wall having pointed arch and label, and a very late two-light
window on each side. This wall was probably rebuilt when these windows
were made, for the outside facing differs from the rest in having bands of
stone with the flint work.
The roofs of the two chapels are similarly constructed, in lean-to form,
having moulded principals,and braces and purlins, the only point of difference
being that the rafters are exposed in the north while they are plastered
beneath in the south.
Transepts. The north and south transepts have three-light pointed
windows, with traceried heads, in their gables. The roofs are of flat span
form, each of two bays, with moulded wall plates, principals, purlins, and
tidge pole. Both have flying arches of two orders springing from corbels
in the aisle walls, the southern of which has been cut away to give a better
view of the altar (or the Goddard monument!) in the transept which is
known as the Upham Aisle. A trefoil-arched piscina in the south wall is
partly blocked by this monument.
The chancel was built in the 13th century and is probably coeval with the
re-building of the navearcades. It had lancet windows with widely splayed
jambs, and “‘ bonnet ” inner arches, and a roll string-course carried around
the inside below the sills, but only the one in the south wall of the sanctuary
remains unaltered. ‘There were probably three lancets in the east wall,
which gave way to a traceried window for the better display of glass in the
15th century, and this again was removed in the restoration of 1867, when
the existing attempt to get back to the original form was substituted, and
the existing roof put on. A square aumbry exists in the south wall. Out-
‘side, the chancel has diagonal buttresses at the angles.
The north chapel was erected in the 15th century, and in it was founded
the Chantry of the Fraternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, of which Henry
Vou. XLIL—NO. CXL. 2 Q
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
564 The Churches of Aldbourne, Baydon, and the Collingbournes.
Irekylton, obit. 1508, was the chaplain; his brass is in the chancel floor.
The arch opening into it from the transept is of two orders of chamfers,
carried down the jambs, and has a corbel for figure on the transept side of
the north jamb. The arch communicating with the chancel is coeval and
similar; a double squint has been cut through the east respond in the
direction of the high altar, and the outer order of the arch at this point is
supported only by a slender stone set on end, having a curious hole cut
through it. The piscina for use at this altar is below the squint. |
There are two three-light windows in the north wall of the chapel, and a
three-light pointed east window, all coeval with the building. In the east
‘wall, northwards of the window, is a beautiful niche for the patron saint
(the Blessed Virgin Mary), the corbel having carved on it three roses of
four petals and stems; the arch of the niche is of Tudor form, its moulding
extending down the jambs. At the height of 1ft. 10in. above the corbel
the jambs are cut away to receive the figure, and the fact that the blue and
red colouring Of the stonework is carried over the tooled surface shows that
it was applied since this mutilation. The shafts under the canopy have
been cut away since.
The stair to the rood loft starts from this chapel and is intact, with its
exit door on the nave side of the chancel arch. The two-light window in
the gable also remains. The porch, which has diagonal buttresses at the
angles, is entered by an outer door with pointed arch under a square label,
and a niche between it and the window over. The embattled parapet of
the south aisle is continued around the east and west sides and over the
flat-pitch gable. The mistake as to the room over mentioned above, extended
to there being a north porch, while none exists.
South aisle chapel. late in the 15th century this beautiful chapel was
inserted between the porch and the south transept, the parapet from the
aisle being brought forward to the front connecting with the former, and
a flat roof formed. The arches between the chapel and the aisle and
transept, respectively, are of the panelled type more frequently seen in the
West Country than in Wilts. In the south wall is a beautiful square-headed,
-cinquefoil cusped, richly-moulded window of four lights with label outside,
the jambs and head richly moulded inside and outside as well as the mullions
and tracery. The outside facing of the south wall is chequered in freestone
and cut flints. ‘The stair to the room over the porch, with moulded cornice
and a slit for light, is corbelled out into this chapel. The roof of the |
chapel has three bays of similar type to the aisles; all the timbers, in- |
cluding the rafters, are moulded—one of the latter is actually cut away to |
make way for a stove pipe! |
Tower. I have left the description of this magnificent structure until |
the last. It is indeed the veritable Monarch of the Downs, and J shall |
never forget my surprise and admiration when seeing it from the top of the |
hill on my first visit to Aldbourne in the spring of 1884.
The tower was apparently erected at about 1460, and there is no doubt |
‘that the Richard Goddard who is commemorated by the brass in the Upham | —
Aisle and by one of the two pre-Reformation bells took a large part in this :
noble work. (This brass is not mentioned in Kite’s “ Brasses of Wiltshire.) |
‘The addition of a tower at the west end of older Churches was very generally |
By C. EH. Ponting. 565
¢arried out in the 15th century, and several examples prove that it was
occasionally done while a central tower already existed but was not large
enough to meet the desire for more and larger bells. Here I am strongly
of opinion that the Norman central tower was demolished after a fire in the
13th century, and that some kind of structure then took its place, to be
superseded two centuries later by the present western tower.
This tower is built on a large scale; it is said to be 99ft. high, and all its
parts are well proportioned to this. It is of only three stages in height,
but these are prevented from appearing attenuated by the width of the
base and the dimensions of its details, e.g., the diagonal buttresses, measured
above the base mould, are 5ft. in thickness and 8ft. in projection, built of
Bath oolite (probably from Coombe Down) in large blocks, well worked,
and laid on the proper bed, so that it is well preserved. The buttresses are
carried up to the top of the parapets with three set-offs, each surmounted
by an attached pinnacle set diagonally, with panelled shaft, moulded base,
and crocketted pinnacle. These buttresses stop abruptly just above the
top of the parapet, and the latter has no coping. This has led the writer
in the W.A.W/. to plead for the replacing of the pinnacles, while the author
of “ Highways and Byways” speaks of the “magnificent but mutilated
western tower.” Having twice closely examined the top of these buttresses
and parapets from the tower roof, J] am confident that, from whatever cause,
neither pinnacles or coping ever existed there. This fact, taken together
with the inside vaulting of the lower stage having been prepared for, but
never constructed, leads to the conclusion that funds ran short— possibly
owing to the death of a leading promoter, a not infrequent cause of dis-
appointment at the present day.
The tower rises from a boldly moulded plinth and base mould, continued
around the buttresses and stair turret. The latter is at the N.E. angle,
carried to the full height, taking the place of a buttress. The two
string-courses dividing the stages of the tower are moulded and have a
good set-off. The structure is crowned by a deep, panelled embattled
parapet—the panelling continued around the buttresses—but never com-
pleted. ‘The deep cornice mould has good grotesque gargoyles, and in the
centre of each side an angel holding a shield.
The west front of the tower has a doorway with four-centred arch under
a square label head, having as terminals angels holding shields. Aboveisa
fine four-light traceried window with transom and pointed arch and label.
On each side of the window is a tall niche flanked by pinnacles and rising
from an elaborate head corbel and surmounted by a crocketted canopy.
The middle stage has a two-light window on the north, and the belfry stage
has, in each face, a three-light pointed window with tracery and label, also
a transom with cusped arches below which the original pierced stone filling
is retained in many of the lights.
Inside, the arch opening into the nave is on the same magnificent scale.
The jambs have attached shafts with an ogee—almost the earliest wave-
mould—between; these are carried on as the arch mouldings.
‘The stone corbels and springers of an intended vaulting over the lower
Stage are, apparently, all that was ever carried out, and the usual timbered
floor above forms the ceiling.
2y (OY
566 The Churches of Aldbourne, Baydon, and the Collingbournes.
A tall pointed arch, coeval with the tower arch and of similar design,
very skilfully makes out the space up to the west respond of the south
arcade of the nave.
The inside of the tower walls is built of chalk cut into large blocks and
laid in courses.
As would be expected of Aldbourne, for so many years the birthplace of
bells, there is in the tower an octave peal, the tenor of which weighs about
a ton and is, as well as the 6th bell, of pre-Reformation make. Until about
eight years ago these bells were contained in an unusually massive oak
frame, which was, on the whole, in sound condition, and the weak points
produced by age could without difficulty have been strengthened ; but in
spite of my efforts, extending over many weeks, to preserve this, the
custodians of the Church property had it cleared away, and an up-to-date
steel frame substituted—an enduring monument to an act of vandalism.
The font is an octagonal bowl with the panel on each face filled by a
lozenge, standing on an octagonal moulded base.
The pulpit is a richly carved one of early 17th century character, covered
with modern paint and varnish. It stands on modern pillars. It is said to
have come from Speen Church, Newbury.
The more noteworthy monuments in the Church have been fully dealt
with by Mr. Doran Webb in Vol. XXVIII. of the W.A.J/,, so that I need
only enumerate them here :—
1. ‘The beautiful and rare incised slab of marble in the chancel to the
memory of a Vicar of the parish named John Stone.
2. The large monument to Thomas Goddard, of Upham, and his wife
and four children, in the south transept. |
3. The tomb in the north chapel with effigies of two brothers Walronde |
—Edward, died 1617, aged 96, and William, who died 1614, aged 84.
The brass of Henry Frekylton, cantorist of the lady chapel, has been
referred to above.
S. NicHoxtas, Baypon (JuLy, 1928).
This Church consists of chancel, clestoried nave, with north and south |
aisles, south porch, and western tower. (The dedication to S. Nicholas, at |
this, one of the highest spots in the county is remarkable). [
The earliest work is the south arcade, which is of the 12th century. It |
is of two bays of semi-circular arches of one order with, on edges, a slightly |
hollowed chamfer, and plain chamfered labels over. A rectangular pier |
3ft. 2in. wide divides the two bays, which, with the responds, are slightly |
chamfered and have their characteristic impost mould and base. ‘The |
responds were originally 2ft. 6in. wide, but that at the west end was |
extended later to meet the stair turret of the tower; in this extension isa |
tall and narrow doorway with four-centred arch, probably for access to the |
gallery. All the foregoing is constructed of chalk (in this respect following | —
Chisledon) and the squared blocks retain the original axe marks. ;
The north arcade is of the early Decorated period (c. 1300), in three bays of |
pointed arches of two orders chamfered, with label, supported by cylindrical |
pillars having well moulded capitals and bases with angle base ornaments |
on square plinths standing on the same level as the Norman bases of the | —
By C. HL. Ponting. 567
south arcade. The responds are shallow and of the width of the outer
order of the arches, with moulded corbel shafts supporting the inner—the
abacus carried on around the chamfered responds. ‘The pillars havean iron
casing, presumably to prevent crushing of the chalk; each pillar has this
casing in two lengths and with vertical butt-joints on north and south
sides, each secured by six rivets. The surface of the cylinders is that of
the original stone, which must have been worked down to receive them.
It is difficult to see how the rivetting of these joints was carried out, and
so well that the joints can only be detected by the rivets faintly showing
through the whitewash. ‘This clever piece of 19th century work was done
within living memory by the village blacksmith, whose son now succeeds
him in his craft. Vhe work would have been simple if the cylinders had
been made and filled with concrete before being set in position, but I am
assured that the old core remains.
The difference of 2ft. in the width of the aisles goes to show that there
was no north aisle before the existing one, which was coeval with the arcade,
2.¢., 14th century.
There are in the north aisle two two-light square-headed labelled windows
with inside curtain ogee arches. The easternmost is original and has the
ogee form of head, cusped, and of one chamfered order. ‘The other window
also has a label, but a wide.outer splay is carried around in addition to
the one forming the arched lights, inserted probably early in the 15th
century. A considerable part of the aisle walls has been rebuilt and the
diagonal buttress at the N.W. angle is modern, as well as the two others.
It is very usual to find the doorway of a Norman aisle retained, even
though the walls have been rebuilt, but in the case of the south aisle here,
which was rebuilt of flint and stone in the 15th century, the doorway as
well as the three windows are of the date of the rebuilding. The doorway
has a four-centred arch with a chamfer carried around it and the jambs.
The two windows westward of this are of two lights with square heads and
labels, and deeply splayed on the outside; the lights have an inner cavetto,
their trefoil arches cusped, the latter tipped by small rolls. The window
eastward is of three lights of similar type, but the cusps are not so treated.
A good sundial is cut on the 8.K. quoin of the aisle.
The south clerestory of the nave has two two-light windows and appears
to have been erected at the same time as the aisle. ‘The north clerestory
has four single-light pointed windows of lancet type, but too much renewed
to form a safe guide to the original design.
The chancel. ‘The chancel walls are faced with with flint externally,
except the quoins and base, which are of oolite. The present east window
is a modern one of three lights, taking the place of one which was at a lower
level, and the pitch of a flatter roof is shown in the east wall. ‘The two-
light window in the south wall is also modern, as also is the piscina, but
there is an old doorway 1 in this wall, blocked up.
) Although there is a lack of features on which to form an opinion as to
_ the time at which the chancel was built, it is probably the latest part of the
Old work. The diagonal buttress at the S.E. angle is partly of brick. The
modern oak stalls and desk incorporating bits of late Jacobean work are
Suitable and interesting, but the same cannot be said of the quite modern
568 The Churches of Aldbourne, Baydon, and the Collingbournes,
wall panelling and other fittings. The south porch and the vestry on the
north are modern. .
The chancel arch is coeval with the south arcade, and the arch has the
same impost and plinth and chamfered edge as the responds of the latter.
The arch has evidently been rebuilt to its four-centred form owing to the
spreading of the jambs.
The nave and chancel roofs have within recent years been reconstructed,
but the old cambered tie-beams have been retained, the nave boarded, and
the chancel plastered under the rafters. A new ceiling of oak has also been
constructed over the lower stage of the tower.
Both aisles have good modern roofs of lean-to form.
The arch between the tower and the nave is a pointed one of the full
width of the former; the arch is of two orders of chamfers, the outer is
continued down the jambs on the nave sides, while the other dies on the
flat surface of the tower wall.
The tower is of three stages in height divided by moulded string-courses |
with diagonal buttresses carried up, with four set-offs, to above half the |
height of the belfry stage ; the weatherings to the set-offs are nicely moulded. |
The stair turret, leading to the belfry stage only, has an octagonal projection |
at the 8.E. side of the tower, and the upper part of the diagonal buttress |
here rises from its stone weathered roof. The moulded base with plinth of |
the tower is carried around the other buttresses and the turret. The tower —
has good moulded cornice, embattled parapet, and the bases of pinnacles at |
the angles. Following the precedent of Aldbourne, these do not rise above |
the parapet. |
There is a three-light pointed window on the west of the lower stage, |
with tracery and mullions from sill to arch almost entirely renewed. Beneath |
this is a square-headed doorway having four-centred arched opening with
carved spandrils and label with square terminals. he belfry stage has on
each face a tall two-light window with pointed labelled arch and tracery. |
All this is good work of the early Perpendicular period. Chalk is used for |
the tower arch and turret doorway, west window and doorway, and probably |
the internal facing of this part of the tower. |
The font is plain but of considerable interest—a circular bowl with sunk |
arcading around the top, bringing out the shape to an octagon at this point; |—
the plinth, which takes the place of the more usual shaft, is again octagonal, |
and the base stone square. |
THE CHURCH oF St. ANDREW, COLLINGBOURNE DUCIS.
[For the first’ time in writing a paper on a Wiltshire Church I have the |
privilege of referring to the admirable short notes by Sir Stephen Glynne, |~
the publication of which in the Magazine will be of great value to future | |
students—the more so as they were written upon inspection of the Churches |~
made before the period of activity in restoration and alteration had made | —
much progress. It has been of great interest to me to compare Sir Stephen |
Glynne’s notes (published in June, 1928) with those I had made for this |
paper between 1918 and 1920, and to find that, while his classification of ki
By C. £, Ponting. 569
periods hardly corresponds with those which present time antiquaries have
adopted, our views are generally in accord.
There is much in common in the two Churches of Collingbourne Ducis
and Collingbourne Kingston that cannot be attributed to accident, or even
locality, and it would seem that, from the Norman to the Perpendicular
periods, some community of interest prevailed between these two parishes,
although the patronage of the benefices was not the same. ‘his assumption
is particularly strengthened by a comparison of the work of the nave arcades
and the towers. These two Churches, moreover, have a special interest for
me, as I remember seeing the rebuilding of the chancel of Collingbourne
Ducis in 1856, and the rebuilding of the clerestory of Collingbourne Kingston
in 1861, in progress at the time of life when such wonderful works made a
lasting impression. |
This Church is beautifully placed on the top of the rising ground west of
the village known as “ Penny Hill,’ and the view of it between the chest-
nut trees from the village street is ideal.
The existing plan of the Church consists of chancel with vestry and
organ chamber on the north side, nave with north and south aisles, porch,
and western tower.
Sir Stephen Glynne’s notes are not dated, but they must have been
written before 1856, for he speaks of the ‘‘one general leaded roof over
nave and aisles, the brick south porch, the body of the Church stuccoed on
the outside,” while of the inside he describes the chancel arch as “low,
pointed, and springing from clustered columns”—all these features have
been changed as regards the body of the Church, while the stucco remains
only on the tower. Mr. Hutton, in “ Highways and Byways in Wiltshire,”
writes of the Church as “ pretty thoroughly spoiled,” a description which
hardly does it justice, even it its altered state, and it certainly must be
allowed that, much as we deplore the alterations by Mr. Street in 1856, he
has given us several features of special character in his sedilia and piscina,
and in his new vestry, and the rebuilt chancel has a charming effect.
The Church has undergone restoration on three recorded occasions: (1)
the chancel rebuilt and reduced in width by the Rev. W. C. Lukis on his
entry to the benefice in 1856, when the vestry was added; (2) the nave and
aisles restored in 1877, when the porch was added in place of one of brick
dated 1791; the chancel arch renewed and the organ chamber added ; the
lead-covered roofs of nave and aisles removed and replaced by new tiled
roofs ; (3) the tower restored in 1902.
The arcades between the nave and aisles are each of three bays, and
possess an unusual combination of features which prevailed in the second
quarter of the 12th century, with others of half acentury later. Both have
circular pillars with carved capitals of various forms, varying from the
plain scallop to foliage of a kind of water plant suggestive of the earliest
work of the lancet period, the carving being richer on the south, on which
arcade only is a small neck mould; on the west angles of the capital by
the cross passage are carved two heads. Again, both have pointed arches
—those on the north of a simple order, constructed of worked stone only at
the angles, the soffit being filled in with rubble and plastered. ‘The arches
are more sharply pointed and carried higher than on the south, while the
570 The Churches of Aldbourne, Baydon, and the Collingbournes.
latter are of two orders with small chamfers at the edges. The abaci are
square in the south arcade, while those of the north have the angles canted
off, forming an irregular octagon. The bases on the north are a double
splay, while a mould base of a later design occurs in the two detached
pillars on the south, where the Norman axe marks appear on the lower
courses just above. Both arcades have an early-looking label on the nave
side only. The responds have semi-columns with capitals and bases similar
to the pillars. In the east respond on the north has been inserted a late
corbel, since roughly cut to represent a human head ; this corbel may have
supported the rood loft which on the south rested on the square abacus of
the respond. The arch by the corbel is slightly altered to the vertical, and
the Norman label there was cut away to admit the beam, but in the modern
restoration this has been pieced out—thus conveying the impression of a
Norman label having been let into a 16th century corbel.
Various kinds of stone are used in the arcades. On the north, the lower
part of the eastern respond and the next pillar are of a green stone of the |
Anstey type intermixed with oolite and chalk, the other pillars of oolite |
only ; the combination of chalk and oolite is used in the arches on the south.
Part of the N.E. buttress of the chancel remains zn situ and proves that
the north and east walls are on the original foundations, but the bond-stones
which remain in the east wall of the nave show that the south wall is set
1ft. 6in. farther in than the original, the width of the chancel being reduced
to that extent. ;
The only other remains of 13th century work (and these give the period
of cir. 1280) are the three windows of the chancel, which appear to have
been re-set in the new walls when the chancel was rebuilt in 1856, viz., the
east window of three lancets with trefoiled heads within a pointed arch
(the central carried up much above the side lights) and the two-light pointed
window with plate tracery quatrefoil, south of the sanctuary. The second
window in the south wall, near the nave, is considerably later—a two-light
pointed one with early cusps and trefoil over. The chancel arch described
by Sir Stephen Glynne was probally of this period, but all traces of it
disappeared in 1877.
The outside walls of the north aisle were probably rebuilt in the 14th
century. On the north, for 26ft. from the east end, the original is retained,
including the square-headed window with two ogee arched lights, the entire
head cut out ofa single stone. The remainder of this wall, with the west
wall up to the tower, was rebuilt in the 1877 restoration ; the old quoin
was re-used, but the old doorway obliterated, a new window taking its
place. The other two-light square-headed window with trefoil arches and
plate tracery (much renewed) was also replaced in the rebuilt wall.
The south aisle is of the 15th century. The west wall, with the part
westward of the porch, is original work, also the bold buttress of two set-
offs near the east end, with parts of the wall adjacent to it. The remainder
of this wall has been rebuilt, and the plinth lost in the process, but the
return at the east end, up to the chaneel, remains with its valuable record
of the original width of the chancel. The original square-headed windows
with labels remain—a two-light westward of the porch, and a three-light
eastward—the latter reinstated in the new wall. The south door is of the»
By C. E, Ponting. o71
Decorated period, a pointed arch with double cavetto carried around it and
the jambs, with interesting stops at the base. This feature is very low,
being 4ft. up to the springing of the arch, and the latter rises 2ft. 4in. higher.
The old south porch was an unpretentious one of brick with tiled roof, and
bore the date 1791 on a stone in its gable ; this stone still lies on the ground
by the new porch erected in 1877, at which date the old oak roof over nave
and aisles gave way to a new one, at a higher pitch.
The western tower possesses several features out of the common. It is
considerably wider from north to south than from east to west, which
makes it appear attenuated when seen otherwise than in perspective. It
Collingbourne Ducis Church Tower. S. side, showing entrance
to dovecote. From photograph by Mrs, ‘Tanner.
is of the usual three stages in height, divided by moulded string-courses
with set-offs of pronounced character. ‘The plinth and base mould of two
orders, one above the other, which I have described in greater detail in my
account of Collingbourne Kingston Church, exists here also, but on a
smaller scale. Both are evidently by the same hand. ‘These are continued
around the tower and the diagonal buttresses, and the upper and smaller
base-mould is carried along under the west window. ‘This window isa fine
572 The Churches of Aldbourne, baydon, and the Collingbournes,
pointed one of three lights with well moulded jambs, arch, and tracery, and
has a good label with returned terminals, and a relieving arch over. ‘The
buttresses at the western angles are only carried up to within about 18in. of
the top of the lower stage.
The south side of the tower is most interesting. ‘he stair turret has a
slight rectangular projection for about two-thirds the height of the middle
stage, at which point the roof of stone-weathered courses begins and is
stopped below the upper string-course. The plinth and base moulds are —
carried around the turret, but varied by a moulding in lieu of the upper
plinth; the angle is canted off at the connection with the wall of the middle
stage, with a pretty foliated corbel stone. There is here a small slit to
light the top of the stair. The opening—lft. 8in. wide and Ift. Zin. high—
for the dovecote, which is described below, is formed in the face of the
second stage of the tower, just westward of the turret, and is carried
obliquely through the wall so as to enter clear of the west wall inside. It
has a projecting slab of stone on which the birds may alight, and a drip-label
over the opening to carry off water running down the face of the wall.
The upper stage of the tower has as cornice a large hollow mould at the
angles of which there are good gargoyles of monsters discharging the water
through their mouths, and above the cornice is a deep embattled parapet
with small crocketted pinnacles at the angles, brought forward almost to
the edge of the cornice, so that the parapet appears to overhang the tower
to a quite abnormal extent. The tower roof of thin slabs.of stone resting
on four arches within the parapet, with outlets for the water coming out
under the cornice, six in number on each of the west, north, and east sides,
and four on the south. A splayed inside cornice was carried along under
these arches on the east and west sides, but this has been partly destroyed
by frost. An outlet to the roof is obtained in the thickness of the east gable.
The middle chamber is approached from the inside of the tower by the stair
turret in the south wall, which retains its original door. The inside of the
walls of this chamber is honeycombed by nesting holes for the Rector’s doves,
on all sides; there were seventeen in the south wall, sixty-nine in the west,
thirty-six in the east, and fifty-three in the north, or one hundred and
seventy-four in all, before the brick flue was formed in the north wall,
which destroyed a considerable number. These holes are carefully con-
structed of Bath stone, and are so designed that one half of the front of
each is open, the other half is hidden behind the thin slab forming a
secluded nook for the nest. ‘The parts of the walls occupied by these
nesting places are recessed to the extent of half their depth, the upper part
of the walls overhanging the remainder, and it is evident that they are
part of the original construction of the tower, which I put at cer. 1480.
On the west side the following inscriptions are carefully cut :—
TeSaaliene
G.E. 1715.
The belfry stage has two-light windows in the narrow north and south
sides, three lights on the west (which retains the old brattishing), and four
lights on the east, all with square heads, and labels with returned terminals,
The arch between the nave and the lower stage of the tower is a lofty
By C, E, Ponting. 573
pointed one with two orders of cavetto continued down the jambs; it is of
chalk with some green stone used without method.
The font is probably the one described by Sir Stephen Glynne, to which
a new surface has been given by scraping.
The brass to commemorate the infant Edward Seymour is fully illustrated
and described in Kite’s ‘‘ Monumental Brasses of Wiltshire,” pp. 87 and 88.
This was published in 1860 and describes the brass as “lying in the pavement
of the chancel” ; it is now on the south wall.
On the north wall of the chancel is a tablet to the memory of the Rev.
H. Wilson, thirty-three years Rector, who died Feb. 9th, 1855. It was on
this vacancy that the Rev. W. C. Lukis was appointed, and it would seem
that he soon set about the work in the chancel.
THE CHURCH OF S. Mary, CoLLINGBOURNE KINGSTON (FEB., 1918).
Sir Stephen Glynne writes ‘“‘ This Church has a nave, with side aisles and
south porch, a chancel, and a good tower at the west end of the nave,” and
this description holds good now, for the plan was not altered in the restora-
tion of 1861.
The south arcade of the nave is of four bays of cylindrical columns, the
responds being semi-columns with moulded bases ; the responds and two
of the shafts have moulded and carved capitals of transitional Norman
character, and octagonal in form, while the first from the west, also moulded,
is apparently of the date of the arches; these are pointed, and in two orders
of chamfers, the inner unusually broad and flat, with plain chamfered labels
on the nave side only.
The north arcade has three arches; the two western being similar to
those on the south side, as also are the dividing shaft and the respond,
while the eastern arch is of similar detail but considerably wider, and its
east respond is of the type of the early 14th century, which may be regarded
as the period when the late Norman arcade was re-modelled: up to that
time it is evident that this was only two bays in length.
The tower arch is a pointed one of two orders of chamfer, and of narrow
low proportions.
The chancel arch is much more elaborate and quite distinct in design, of
Early English type, and rich in moulding and carving, but it is either
entirely modern or much renewed in restoration, and Sir R. Glynne’s notes
point to the latter, with complete refacing.
The clerestory, with its six windows of varying design on each side, is of
stone, and part of the 1861 restoration. ‘The nave roof is a simple one of
tie-beam type, probably of early in the 18th century, and re-constructed at.
this time.
The south arse has three two-light square-headed windows on the south,
and one in the east wall ; these are without labels, and have been extensively
renewed.
The north aisle has similar windows, but with flat segmental pointed
arches inside. At the west end of the nave outside on either side of the
tower there are preserved fragments of Norman walls, with buttresses of
the flat type peculiar to that period. Both aisles have modern roofs.
574 The Churches of Aldbourne, Baydon, and the Collingbournes.
At the west end of the north aisle is a window of distinctly earlier type
—a plain lancet of 6in. in width, the inner splays being unusually wide,
spanned by a segmental arch. At the east end of the aisle, inside, is the
rood loft doorway, blocked up.
The south porch is of fine proportions, the outer door a four-centred arch
within a square head with spandrils, flanked by square buttresses, and with
an embattled cornice carried over the head of the doorway with pinnacles,
above which the latter terminate in gablets. A plinth with base like the
lower one of the tower, is carried around the porch, and in each side is a
two-light square-headed window, wlth label. The south gable has plain
coping and cross. ‘Ihe inner doorway is similar, but has no buttress or
cornice; a corbel for a figure exists over this. The porch has its coeval
roof with embattled cornice, moulded principals, and plain chamfered
rafters; a tie-beam moulded and embattled like the cornice is carried
across at each end. A good sundial is cut on the 8.E. quoin of the aisle.
Oyster shells are used in the joints of this work.
The chancel has two two-light windows on the north and one on the
south, and a three-light in the east gable, all of early 14th century type,
having mullions without cusping ; there are no labels. The south window
of the sanctuary is of a later type, with flowing tracery of a coarse kind,
and label.
The tower is of three stages in height, divided by weathered string-courses
and terminating in a cornice with a rich embattled parapet having sunk
traceried quatrefoil panels, in which shields occur, but, so far as could be
seen from the ground, of plain uncharged design. A band of carving in
squares runs around below the parapet.
There are diagonal buttresses, with numerous set-offs, at the two outer
angles of the tower, and two others rise from the nave walls on north and
east, and a square projecting stair turret on the south side is carried up
through the lower stage only. The tower has plain chamfered plinth with
base mould characteristic of the 15th century, and above this a second
plinth and base of greater height than the lower, making a total height of
7{t. from the ground. At the west end the four-centred arch of the west
door springs from the upper base mould. The doorway has moulded jambs
and arch, :and its label of square outline is terminated by corbels bearing
shields. Thespandrils have foliated sunk tracery. The three-light pointed
window over this has a label following the line of its arch ; it also retains
its original saddle-bars and stanchions.
The middle stage of the tower is of plain masonry, unbroken except for
the small square-headed window on north and south sides.
The belfry stage has on each face a three-light square-headed window,
with label having shield terminals, and the arch and jambs of the window
moulded as in the west window. At the angles of the parapet are some-
what curious octagonal pinnacles, the shaft of each being tapered, and a
rich corona as terminal, each face and the cresting moulded and carved.
The most conspicuous object of the interior is the monument of Sir
Gabriel Pile, southwards of the altar, which seems out of all proportion to
its position, and disturbs the balance in the chancel arrangements. Sir
Stephen Glynne thus describes it :—“ On the south side of the altar is a
By C, £. Ponting. 575
vast monument of the 17th century, of marble painted and gilt, and the
canopy rising nearly to the ceiling. It commemorates Sir Gabriel Pile, of
Collingbourne, and Anne, his wife, the figures are very large. A.D. 1628
and 1640.”
In the pavement of the chancel is a brass to Constantine Darrell and
Joan his wife ; the date of the death of the former is left blank, but that
of the wife is given as the 8th day of December, 1495. ‘The brass was
probably executed on the death of the latter, and the date of the husband’s
death was not inserted later, as intended ; but Mr. Kite records the fact
that he survived his wife by 12 years. The effigy of the lady only is pre-
served. Constantine Darrell (younger son of William Darrell, of Little-
cote) lived at Collingbourne Kingston ; his wife, Joan, was daughter of
Robert Collingbourne.
ALDBOURNE, MANOR, CHASE, AND WARREN.
By JoHN SADLER.
There is an interesting deed printed in the Waltshire Notes and Queries,
{Vol. iii., p. 271] showing how part of the Duchy of Lancaster property in
Wilts was dealt with in the early years of the seventeenth century. The
manor and other property of the Duchy at Aldbourne having been settled
by a deed of 10th January, 14 Jas. [ in trust for the Prince of Wales for
99 years; and by a deed of 20th June, 4 Chas. I transferred to William
Williams, Robert Mitchell, Walter Markes, and Robert Marshe, nominees
of the Mayor, Commonalty and Citizens of London—the Chase excepted—
for the remainder of the term ata yearly rent of £135 15s. 04d.; lands
in Snapp, Upham, and Wanborough, parcel of the Manor, were on Ist July,
1631, conveyed to Hugh Hawkins and Anthony Martyn on the nomination
of Edward Martyn of Swindon: and by them assigned to John Doyley,
Richard Goddard and Henry Gearinge on 10th May, 1634, for the unexpired
years of the term.
Further information is obtained from the Chancery Court Records.
In Hilary term 1675 Philip Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery brought
an action in that court against the Earl of Middlesex to recover possession
of the Warren, and the Court in giving judgment on 12th March 1677,
summed up the evidence showing that the plaintiff stated that King
Charles I soon after his accession was desirous of paying off a debt to the
City of London incurred by his father and himself, and then amounting
with interest to £229,897 2s. Od., and for that purpose conveyed to the City
property including the Manor and Warren of Aldbourne; the Chase was
excepted. The Warren was at the time held on lease at a yearly rent of
£44 by William Earl of Pembroke, brother of plaintiff’s grandfather, who
also held the office of Keeper or Ranger of the Chase—to him and his heirs.
The conveyance to the City was carried out by two separate deeds: one
dated 20th June, 4 Chas. I already mentiaqned, dealing with the remainder
of the term of 99 years: and the other made within three months later
which conveyed the reversion of the same property to E. Ditchfield, John
Highlord, Humfrey Clarke, and Francis Mosse in trust for the City: in
both of these deeds it was mentioned that the yearly rent of £135 15s. 03d.
[in the Chancery records this is given at £135 Os. 6d.] was reserved to the
Crown. Philip, Earl of Pembroke, plaintiff’s grandfather, had secured
a lease of the Warren from the City for the remainder of the 99 years, and
had purchased the reversion. Philip, Earl of Pembroke, plaintiff’s father,
who died in 1669, and William, late Earl, plaintiff's brother, succeeded to
the property ; and Thomas Hawles the elder, one of the defendants,who had
been one of his officers, conceiving that the Warren was excepted from the
conveyance of 20th June, 4 Chas. I by the words excepting the Chase,
prevailed with the Earl of Middlesex, then Charles Lord Buckhurst, one of
the King’s Bed-Chamber, to obtain for him a grant of it, and agreed to give —
Aldbourne Manor, Chase, and Warren. OT I
him £500 or some such sum when it was conveyed to him. The King
authorised Sir Thomas 'l'revor, executor of the surviving trustee under the
deed of 14 Jas. I, to assign the residue of the term to trustees,who assigned
it to the Earl of Middlesex, and he granted it, or agreed to grant it, to the
defendants,who in Easter term, 1674, commenced an action against Stephen
Liddiard and William Sadler, then tenants of the late Earl; but before the
suit was determined plaintiff’s brother died. ‘The case was tried and a
special verdict was found which “ yet hanged in the Court undetermined.”
It was stated by defendant, Thomas Hawles the elder, in his answer that he
agreed with plaintiff's father for a lease of the Warren for three lives for a
fine of £1,000 and the ancient rent; that he enjoyed the Warren for some
years, paying the rent and £150 of the fine, but before obtaining a lease he
transferred the benefit of the agreement to John Norden for £500 clear
gain: that John Norden took the lease and paid the residue of the fine,
and defendant Hawles was forced to sue for the £500 and money expended,
and obtained a decree for near £3,000, but before satisfaction could be
obtained Norton died. The Court in giving judgment was fully satisfied
that there was an apparent equity for the plaintiffs : it appearing that the
free Warren was contracted for and paid for by the City of London and
the reversion and inheritance was expressly granted to Ditchfield, Highlord,
and others, and ordered that the Earl of Middlesex should assign the
remainder of the term of 99 years to the plaintiff, the Earl of Pembroke,
that the same should attend the inheritance. And that so much of the
Chase over which there was Warren stocked with coneys at the time of the
lease granted to William Earl of Pembroke, plaintiff’s great-uncle, and
which was within the said lease, should be taken to be the Warren which
was contracted for by the City of London and granted by the late King,
and which defendent, the Earl of Middlesex, was directed to assign. In
case of disagreement about the assignment the matter was referred to one
of the Masters of the Court. The defendant Hawles was dismissed out of
the suit. [Chancery Decree Rolls, No. 1057.)
Some difficulty may arise in attempting to distinguish between the Chase
and the Warren, the latter being frequently described as the Chase or
Warren, at times with the words “ of coneys” added : thus the King con-
veyed to KE. Ditchfield and others the Manor and the “ Chase or Warren of
Coneys,” followed immediately by words excepting the Chase. The
difficulty will I think disappear if we may understand the Chase to be the
royal hunting grounds, which did not pass from the Crown during the time
now dealt with, unless they passed under the Inclosure Act: and the
** Chase or Warren” to be the coney Warren conveyed to the Earl of
Pembroke. But this apparently careless description was ground on which
the defendant Hawles based his attempt to obtain a grant of the Warren.
It will be observed that the Manor is not mentioned in the deed first
referred to, or in the report of the Chancery Decree, except that it was
settled by the deed of 14 Jas. I, and conveyed to the nominees of the City
of London. It, or rather the reversion to it, was sold to Thomas Bond, of
Ogbourne, on 13th January, 1634, by E. Dichfield and other nominees of
the City for £1956, subject to a yearly rent of £77 3s. 43d. part of the
reserved rent of £135 15s. 04d. payable by the City. The Chase was
578 Aldbourne Manor, Chase, and Warren.
exempted from this conveyance also, and further exemptions were the
coney Warren already granted to the Marl of Pembroke, the lands granted
to the nominees of Edward Martyn, and other lands granted to Edward
Nicholas, of Aldbourne. (Close Kolls, 7 Chas. I., pt. xi., No. 7].
The “scite of the Manor” had been leased to Henry Hungerford, of
Marston, and Oliver Nicholas, of Manningford. By a deed of 13th Decem-
ber, 20 Jas. I., reciting that Sir Henry Hobart, Thomas Murray, Esq., Sir
James Fullerton, Sir John Walter, and Sir Thomas Trevor [the last four
were among the trustees named in the deed of 10th January, 14 Jas. I}
were possessed of the Manor to the use of Prince Charles: that Queen
Elizabeth by indenture of 10th February, 1603, demised the reversion to
Richard Goddard for 21 years on the expiration of a former lease to
Anthony Hinton, Thomas Goddard, and John Hinton: and that the
reversion so granted had been assigned to John Doyly : two-thirds of the
scite of the Manor,the demesne lands and meadows in Wanborough belonging
to the Manor, were granted, in consideration of the surrender of the
indenture and payment of £360, with the consent of John Doyley, to Henry
Hungerford from the preceding Michaelmas for 31 years, at a yearly rent
of £18 4s. 43d. The timber, mines, quarries, and royalties were excepted,
and Henry Hungerford was bound to make a perfect record and “terror ”
of the premises within two years, setting forth the number of acres and the
buttalls and boundaries: within one year to certify the number of trees ;
and to plant yearly twelve trees of oak, elm, or ash. A similar deed of the
same date, reciting that the King by indenture of 13th June, 5 Jas. I, had
demised the property to Thomas Goddard for 21 years on the expiration of
the lease to Hinton, Goddard, and Hinton, the interest in which had come
to John Doyly, granted the remaining third of the site of the Manor to
Oliver Nicholas for 31. years from the previous Michaelmas at the ancient
yearly rent of £10 14s. 2%d. [Duchy of Lancaster, Muscell. bks., Vol. 87,
fo. 113.]
The position, from the evidence so far available, seems at this time to
have been that Thomas Bond had bought the reversion of the manor.
Ditchfield and others, as nominees of the City of London, had only the
reversion to dispose of, the remainder of the 99 years being in Williams
and others—the site of the manor and the demesne lands were already
leased to Henry Hungerford and Oliver Nicholas; the Karl of Pembroke,
besides having secured the extension of his lease for the remainder of the
term of 99 years, had purchased the reversion of the Coney Warren; the
nominees of Edward Martyn that of the lands in Snapp, Upham and
Wanborough, of which they acquired the remainder of the term of 99 years
at the same date, Ist July, 1631, as stated in the first-mentioned deed ; and
Edward Nicholas that of other lands [Pickwood]. ‘The reserved rent of
£135 15s. Odd. was payable as follows:—by Bond, £77 3s. 44d.; by the
Earl of Pembroke, £44; by the nominees of Martyn, £8 3s. 4d.; and by
Nicholas, £6 8s, 4d.
Thomas Bond was dead in May, 1653, when his will was proved [P.C.C.
220, Brent]. In the will he spoke of having purchased the present possession
of the manor and the reversion of the chief manor house and demesne lands,
which house and lands were then held on lease nearly expired by Thomas
By John Sadler. 579
Haynes, gent., and gave the use of the house to his wife for life after the
expiration of the lease, unless she preferred to occupy his usual dwelling-
place at Okebourne. ‘It would by this appear probable that the leases of
H. Hungerford and O. Nicholas, if then still in force, had passed to Thomas
Haynes: the term of 31 years would have ended at the following
Michaelmas. Thomas Bond had sold to John Goddard, son and heir
apparent of Edward Goddard, then of Upham, for £230, subject to a yearly
rent of 19s., part of the £135 15s. O}d., two messuages and two yard lands
in Upham and Snapp, by indenture of 20th January, 11 Charles I as freely
and fully as K. Dichfield and others by deed of 13 January, 7 Charles, had
conveyed them to him—that is the reversion. [Close Rolls, 11 Charles J,
pt. 9). How he acquired the “ present possession” I have not yet been
able to trace. Besides his widow, unnamed, he left a son, George, and a
daughter, Alice, both under age in 1649, when his will was made. He was,
it is suggested, a son of Sir George Bond, Lord Mayor of London in 1587,
who, although not a Wiltshire man, came from the west and was grandson
of William Bond, of West Buckland, in Somerset. Sir George Bond died
in 1592 and left three sons, William, George, and Thomas, the last two
under age, and several daughters, including Rose, who married William
Hale, of King’s Walden, Herts, he had also a son-in-law, William Quarles ; and
Thomas Bond mentioned in his will a nephew, John Hale [ Rose Halehad a
son, John], and a nephew, William Quarles ; the widow, Dame Winifred,
survived Sir George Bond twenty-nine years, and by her will, dated 13th
February, 18 James, and proved four months later, on 12th June, 1621
[P.C.C. 59 Dale}, left the residue of her property to her son, Thomas, whom
she made her executor. The son is probably the Thomas Bond described
in Foster’s Alumni Oxonienses as “‘ eq. fil.” of Corpus Christi College, who
matriculated 26th July, 1596, at the age of 16; and the Thomas Bond
specially admitted to the Middle Temple as Secretary to Lord Ellesmere
on 6th August, 1604—in his will he described himself as of the Middle
Temple—and he may well. be the Thomas Bond appointed, with Leonard
Dare, Receiver for the Duchy of Lancaster for Wilts and some adjacent
counties on 19th November, 1625 | Duchy of Lancs. Misc. Books, Vol. 88,
fo. 40], and who thus became acquainted with the Aldbourne property
before he purchased the manor. By his will he left the profits of his manor
of Okborne St. George and St. Andrew, held on lease from King’s College,
Cambridge, and of the manor of Aldbourne and Aldbourne Chase [7.e., the
chase of coneys, the free warren], held on lease from the Karl of Pembroke,
to his executor for his son during his minority, and afterwards the manors,
&c., to his son. It may be added that he bequeathed his chest in the Aliena-
tion Office (which is believed to have been in the Temple) to his successor.
_ George Bond, the son of ‘Thomas, sold the manor of Aldbourne to Richard
Kent, described then as of London, under a deed dated 3rd March, 2 Jas.
II. [but entered on the Close Roll for 1 Jas. IT, part xi.) subject toa
yearly payment of £77 3s. 43d., for £8,500. The largely increased price
over that paid in 1632 seems to confirm Thomas Bond’s claim to have pur-
chased ‘‘ the present possession ” and the expiration of the leases of 20 James
I, particularly as the property had been reduced by the sale of houses and
land at Upham and Snapp for £230 in 1685. George Bond died in October,
mone Xiil,—NO, CXL: DR
580 Aldbourne Manor, Chase, and Warren.
1686, having made his will as of Ogbourne St. George on 25th August, 1685,
shortly before the sale of Aldbourne, leaving that property to his wife as
well as his leasehold estate at Ogbourne [P.C.C. 1 Foot]. Richard Kent
died about four years later, and by his will [P.C.C. 47 Vere] describing
himself as of Corsham, left property including this manor to his nephew
John Kent, son of his brother Robert, of Winterbourne Monachorum, and
litigation at once followed.
Elizabeth, the widow of George Bond, brought an action in Chancery
against the executors of Richard Kent alleging that the Aldbourne property
had been settled upon her as her jointure, that in the treaty of purchase it.
had been agreed that she should be paid an annuity of £100, that the
property had been mortgaged by Richard Kent for two sums of £2,000 and
£3,000, part of the purchase money left unpaid. The annuity and interest
on £5,000 had been paid during the life of Richard Kent, but when the
nephew succeeded they fell into arrear as he claimed the estate under the
will and alleged that the personal property of his uncle would probably
be insufficient to pay the claims upon it. The cause was heard on 17th
June, 1692, and judgment was given for the plaintiff, a Master of the
Court was directed to ascertain the amount due from the defendants, who
were to pay it by the Christmas following or to be foreclosed of the equity
of redemption [Chancery Decrees and Orders, vol. 1691a, fo. 750°]. Even-
tually after a further application to the Court the Order was confirmed, the
foreclosure was enforced, and the manor conveyed to trustees for Elizabeth
Bond on 15th June, 1694. The difficulties were, however, not yet all
removed. ‘The widow endeavoured to sell part of the property to Oliver
Corr and others, but could not carry out the sale as John Kent still re-
tained the deeds and refused to surrender them; she accordingly brought.
an action for their recovery to enable her to complete the sale to Corr, who
refused to accept a conveyance unless John Kent was a party to it. Com-
plainant stated in her bill that she had proposed to grant East Leeke Farm
to a number of persons, including Oliver Corr, for 200 years at a pepper- |
corn rent, subject to their paying a rent charge of £67 a year to the Crown. |
[Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 120, 5.| This Oliver Corr is described as. |
of London, merchant, but he was possibly a member of the family of bell-
founders of Aldbourne. The result of the action has not been seen.
Elizabeth Bond had other troubles to face. George Bond left two children
at his death ; his son, George, who died before 3rd October, 1712, when
his will was proved [P.C.C. 182, Barnes], apparently unmarried, as he
left everything to his mother: and a daughter, Frances. Soon after the
death of her husband the widow entrusted her daughter to the care of the
organist of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Middlesex, for her education, and while |
there Frances Bond was married to William Hulbert, without notice to, |
or consent of, her mother; a few. months afterwards she was brought by
her husband to her mother’s lodgings in a miserable condition, but her | —
mother would not receive her, although she provided her with necessaries |
and sent her to a friend in Yorkshire. In 1701 William Hulbert brought | :
an action in Chancery describing himself as gentleman and at the time of
his marriage a soldier in His Majesty’s service, and complaining that his | yj
mother-in-law was keeping his wife in concealment, he asked for a statement | ‘
By John Sadler. 581
of George Bond’s personal estate, as he considered himself entitled to
whatever provision had been made for his wife. The defendant, in her
reply said complainant was a person of no estate or employment who had
deceived her daughter and passed himself off as a gentleman worth £2000
a year, as she was told ; she did not know her daughter’s address, as she had
left the friend she was sent to, although defendant regularly remitted money
for her maintenance; and she refused to give the complainant the account
asked for [Chancery Proceedings, Mitford, 594, 54]. The result has not been
searched for, as it would appear that a reconciliation took place between
the mother and daughter, for when Elizabeth Bond made her will in 1724
she left the manor of Aldbourne to her daughter, Frances Hulbert, for life,
with remainder to her nephew, William Hoskyns the younger, and his heirs
for ever. Testatrix was a daughter of Charles Hoskyns, of Oxted, Surrey ;
she had a brother, Sir William Hoskyns, who had a son and a grandson,
both named William. She was buried at Oxted, near her son, in accordance
with her wish expressed in a codicil to her will, which was proved on 12th
October, 1728. [P.C.C. 281, Brook.]
I am unable to state anything further about Frances Hulbert, beyond
the fact that she was dead on 18th December, 1750, when William Hoskins
described as of Barrow Green, Surrey, Esq., only son and heir of
William Hoskins, late of Barrow Green, Esq., deceased, and devisee named
in the wills of Elizabeth Bond and Frances Hulbert, otherwise Harris, sold
the manor and enclosed lands thereto belonging, estimated at 450 acres, in
Albourne als Aldbourne, Wamburgh, Upham, and Snape, for £4150 to
Peckham Williams, of Chichester [Close Holls, 24 Geo. II., pt. 13, No. 2).
Peckham Williams made his will, as of Badshott Place, in the parish of
Farnham, Surrey, on 11th April,1777[P.C.C. 631, Ducarel], and left property
including the manor of Aldbourne, to trustees for the use of John Williams,
the son of his late wife, for his life, and afterwards to his children, with
remainder to Elizabeth Williams and Jane Williams, daughters of his late
wife, and sisters of John Williams, and ultimate remainder to the right
heirs of John Williams. There was a further trust for raising portions of
£5000 each for Elizabeth and Jane Williams. ‘The will was proved on 15th
December, 1785. The description of the legatees as the son and daughter
of his late wife, without reference to any relationship to himself, is peculiar,
in view of their having the same family name, unless they were only his
| step-children, and called by his name after his marriage—he was licensed
to marry Elizabeth Suter, widow, of the parish of St. Peter the Great,
Chichester, on 2nd September, 1758, when he was described as a bachelor,
of Farnham, Surrey, and aged 40. But whatever the cause the description
is repeated in a private Act of Parliament [42 Geo. JIT. cap. 53], passed to
| authorize the sale of this and other property. The act recited that Elizabeth
_ Williams had married Miles Poole Penfold and had assigned her portion to
| trustees: that Jane Williams was dead and had bequeathed the residue of
_ her personal estate to trustees. The two portions, together £10,000, had
been raised by mortgage of the estates ; John Williams was married, and as
_ neither he nor his surviving sister had any children the sale was authorised.
| The estates lay in Cornwall, Sussex, Wilts, and Hants, and the Wiltshire
| portion is described as the manor of Aldbourne, worth yearly £40, and a
2 Re
582 Aldbourne Manor, Chase, and Warren.
farm and lands in Aldbourne, Wamburgh, Upham and Snape, estimated at
450 acres, let at £221, subject to a perpetual yearly rent charge of £60—in all
£201 yearly—but the property in other counties, chiefly Surrey, brought
the total to a little over £1,100 a year.
The manor was purchased by John Hancock, of Marlborough, on 2nd
February, 1804. The conveyance [Close Rolls, 44 Geo. 1II., Pt. 15, No. 3]
recited that Thomas Merriman Hancock had contracted for the purchase
but had died on 19th December, 1803 ; John Hancock, as his only surviv-
ing brother and heir at law, completed the contract, and the.trustees
appointed under the Act of Parliament and John Williams conveyed the
capital messuage and farm, &c., to him for £5660 paid by Thomas Merri-
man Hancock, and Sir Stephen Lushington, in whom was vested the term
-of 1000 years created by the will of Peckham Williams for raising the two
portions of £5000 each, conveyed his interest in the property to Francis
‘Gerrard, of London, in trust for John Hancock. It is interesting to note
that the name occurs in connection with Aldbourne nearly 60 years earlier.
A farm there was purchased by Thomas Hancock, of Marlborough, grocer,
for £950 on 25th June, 1745, of Thomas Paris, of Wantage, clothier, son
-and. heir of Thomas Paris, formerly of Marlborough, brazier (who was son |
of Caleb Paris and nephew of Thomas Paris, of Childrey, Berks, clerk) and |
William Towsey, of Wantage, who held a mortgage of the property for |
£300, included in the purchase-money. The farm was not described by ©
name or measurement, but it was said to have been held by Cicely Smith,
widow, deceased, by Copy of Court Roll, afterwards for several years by
Thomas Knackstone, also deceased, and afterwards to have been the in- |
heritance of Thomas Paris, clerk, and purchased by him of Elizabeth Bond,
then lady of the manor. It was subject to a yearly rent of 5s. payable to |
William Hoskis [? Hoskins] Esq., his heirs, &c. [Close Rolls, 20 Geo. II.].
John Hancock died in 1818 having by his will left his real and personal |
‘property to his wife Elizabeth and daughter Anne for their lives with re-
mainder to the husband his daughter might marry and to her children.
The will was made 4th December, 1817, and there were two codicils made
in February, 1818, probate was granted to the executrices—the widow and |
daughter—on 22nd May, 1818, and 27th July following respectively. In |
July, 1832, the executrices were both dead; the daughter, Ann Baskerville,
formerly Hancock, survived her mother and died intestate, and administra- |7
tion with the will annexed was granted to her husband, Thomas Baskerville |
Mynors Baskerville [P.C.C. 233 Cresswell]. |
There is some uncertainty about the reserved rent of £77 3s. 44d. |
-charged on the manor in the conveyance to Thomas Bond. He sold land to
John Goddard in 1636 subject to a yearly rent to the Crown of 19s. |
apparently reducing his own payment to £76 4s. 43d., and Elizabeth Bond |
after recovering the property in 1694 proposed to let a part subject to a |
yearly rent-charge to the Crown of £67, and the same sum (£67) is men- ]
tioned in John Hancock’s purchase deed as payable to the Earl of Sand- |
wich. Apparently the liability for the payment of the difference, £9 4s. 43d., |”
had been passed on to some other purchaser as yet unknown. The mention |
of the Earl of Sandwich is explained by the fact that King Charles II. had
granted to the Earl and his heirs an annuity of £4,000 of which this reserved |
|
By John Sadler. 583
rent of £135 15s. 04d. was part. The yearly rent charge of £60 mentioned
in the Act of 42 Geo. IIT. only increases the uncertainty.
The Inclosure of the Commonable Lands of “* the Township and Parish”
was effected under an Act of 45 Geo. III. which describes the lands to be
inclosed as partly a large tract of pasture ground called The Chase and
South Wood, about 1,000 acres ; and partly certain downs called Upham
Hill Down, East Down, West Down, and Kwens Hill and Down, and the
waste lands, about 600 acres. ‘There was also the Warren about 800 acres,
part subject to the right of pasturage for sheep kept on Upper Upham
Farm, part to a similar right for sheep of the owners of the Common Fields
and their lessees, and the remainder held by Thomas Baskerville in
severalty. John Hancock, as Lord of the Manor, was entitled to the soil of
the Common Lands within the Manor not included in the Warren or in the
Manor or reputed Manor of Upper Upham. ‘Thomas Baskerville was
owner of the Warren and claiming a right of free Warren, and Diana.
Caswall was described as claiming to be Lady of the Manor of Upper
Upham. The Act contained, as was frequently the case, a direction that
gravel pits should be set out for providing material for repair of the roads,
and it directed that not more than 50 acres should be allotted in trust for
raising furze or other fuel for the poor [this allotment was situated on
Southwood Common]; that Diana Caswell should have allotted to her
part of the Chase nearest to Upper Upham Farm for her right of common,
and part of the Warren in one piece adjoining the same farm for her right.
over the Warren ; and that the allotment to Thomas Baskerville should be
in One piece.
Diana Caswall was daughter of Timothy Caswall, whose name appears in
a list of trustees appointed for providing and maintaining a workhouse for
the parish [Act 39 & 40 Geo. IIT. Cap. 43, local]. He married a daughter
of Thomas Rolt, of Saccomb Park, Herts, from whose family came Edward
Rolt,who married the heiress of the Bayntuns, and by his will [ P.C.C. 675,
Kenyon] proved 9th September, 1802, he left his real estate in Wilts and
Berks to his daughter, Diana Caswall.
The lands conveyed to Richard Goddard and others in 1634, or part of
them, passed not long afterwards to Obadiah Sedgwick, a well-known
Puritan divine, who married Priscilla Goddard. He was son of Joseph
Sedgwick, Vicar of St. Peter’s, Marlborough, afterwards of Ogbourne St.
Andrew; born at Marlborough he matriculated at Oxford from Queen’s
College 18th June, 1619, died at Marlborough in January, 1658, and was
buried at Ogbourne St. Andrew [ Dict. N. Biog.|. By his will [P.C.C. 20,
Wootton] he instructed his wife to sell lands in Wiltshire called Upham
and Snappe for payment of legacies ; and in the Duchy of Lancaster Records
[ Miscell. Books, vol. 86, fo. 214, Sc.| there are notes of three deeds by which
the widow and her son, another Obadiah, sold lands called Lyes, 66 acres,
in Snapp, to Edward Goddard ; a capital messuage and 70 acres, called the
Heydon,with common in Upham and Snapp, to Gabriel Martyn, of Westcott;
and lands in Upham and Snapp held under lease from Obadiah Sedgwick,
deceased, to Richard King, of London, merchant. All these lands were
part of the farm of Heydon, property of the Duchy, out of which the King
had a reserved rent of £8 8s. 4d., and attached to the record of each deed is
584 Aldbourne Manor, Chase, and Warren.
a memorandum of the purchaser’s acknowledgment of the portion payable |
by him. In the first of these three deeds was a covenant against in- |
cumbrances by Obadiah Sedgwick, deceased, or Edward Goddard, father
of the said Priscilla. There is an inscription in Aldbourne Church to
Richard King, of Upham, Alderman and Sheriff of London, who died
22nd May, 1668, aged 52, and had married (1) Martha, daughter of Edward
Goddard, and (2) Mary, widow of Edward Adams, of London. He left
children by both wives. [Sir 7’. Phillipps.] :
The Chase was, as is already shown, excepted from the estate conveyed
to the City of London in 4 Chas. I., and I am unfortunately able to give
only very little information concerning it. It is stated in the Earl of
Pembroke’s case in Chancery in 1675 that the Chase was always reserved
in the King’s hands, and there is a reference to it in an earlier case when
the then Earl brought an action in the Duchy of Lancaster Court against
George Bond, the son of the purchaser of the manor. What the object of
this action was is not shown, as the only documents on the file are a list of
interrogatories to be put to the Earl’s witnesses and the answers of one
witness in 1668. But from these we gather that there was an ancient office
of Ranger of the Chase and Keeper of the Deer, long enjoyed by ‘‘ one Mr.
Walrond” and his predecessors, and sold to William, then Earl of Pembroke,
about forty-six years previously; that there was an ancient lodge, called
the Deer Lodge, built on part of the Chase, but [then] pulled down, be-
longing to the ranger or keeper; that Thomas Bond had been tenant of
the Chase or Warren, and had held the office of ranger or keeper under the
Earl, and as such had taken the profits of Parkesnapp and Kilwood, or
Hillwood, Coppices, which was not included in his grant of the manor.
The witness, William Smith, of Ogbourne, yeoman, aged about forty-eight
years, replied—he was sworn to his answers at Westminster, 16th April,
20 Chas. II., 1668—and generally confirmed the statements of the interro-
gatories; largely, of course, from what he had heard ‘from all antient
inhabitants”; adding that he had heard that Mr. Walrond held the
rangership in right of the lower farm in Aldbourne; and that Thomas |
Bond had taken the profits of the two coppices, but he did not know
whether or not he did so in right of his office of ranger. [Duchyof Lanes.
Depns., Series IL, bundle 111, No. 30. .
On 8th April, 1682, the Earl of Pembroke sold the ‘“‘ Chase or Warren of
Conyes” and the office of Ranger or Keeper of His Majesty’s Deer and |
Chase and the Deer Lodge for £7650 to Sir William Jones, who had a few |
months earlier bought the manors of Ramsbury, Baydon, and Axford [Close |
Roll, 84 Chas. II, Pt. XI, No. 36]. Sir William Jones died shortly after-
wards: his will, with a codicil mentioning the purchase of the warren, was
proved 24th May, 1682 [P.C.C. 58, Cottle], and he left a son, Richard, |
under age. |
In Michaelmas term, 1689, Richard Kent, then lord of the manor of |
Aldbourne, and others having common rights, brought an action in Chancery |
against Richard Jones and his guardians to compel them to execute and |
perform an agreement that had been arrived at between the parties for |
dividing and enclosing part of Dudmore Walk, parcel of the warren,
for destroying the conies and the claim to free warren in the said Walk, |
}
|
By John Sadler. 585
made on behalf of Richard Jones, and also for extinguishing all claim to
the office of ranger; compensation in land was to be given to the trustees
of Richard Jones; the part of Dudmore Walk not to be enclosed, the
Ranger’s Coppice known as Hillwood Coppice, ‘‘ Parkersnapp,” and Upper
Witchell, and all other wood-grounds belonging to the rangership were to
be held in common by the freeholders and tenants of the manor discharged
of the rights of feeding deer, &c.; all claim to the rangership was to be
extinguished but the title was to be held by Richard Kent, as lord of the
manor, without the profits. The agreement had been signed by the plaintiffs
and by two of the guardians; the third guardian, Mary, the widow of Sir
William, and mother of Richard Jones, expressed her willingness to sign
and the court on 3rd December, 1689, made the order asked for [Chancery
Decree Kolls, No. 1988, 9.]
In Andrews and Dury’s map of 1773 the chase is marked as lying to the
west of Aldbourne towards Ogbourne. Our ancestors seem to have had no
more love for game enclosures near their homes than some others of later
times. There are records of ‘‘ hunting” disputes in the Duchy Book in the
time of Elizabeth and her two immediate successors, and of Commissions
of Enquiry in consequence. In the depositions taken in 1560 as a result of
one such incident occurring in Prior’s Wood, claimed as part of the Chase,
the boundaries are variously stated, but it does not seem to have been
questioned that Prior’s Wood was within the Chase, and a plan of the wood
of a somewhat later date [Duchy of Lanes. Depns. 29 Eliz. 57] shows
that to the north of it were Round Hill, the “‘ bound” between Ocbourne
and Snap Commons, and “ the Parke of Snap”; to the east, Cathangers and
Standen’s Coppice; to the south, Whore Thornes and Rosefield ; and to
the west, Cowcroft and Ogbourne Common, all in the order named ; the
way to Marlborough lay at the north-west corner and went across Ogbourne
Common. Mill Way was on the east between Prior’s Wood and Standen’s
Coppice, and became Mill Way Hill passing northwards to the east of Cat-
hangers. Certain merestones had been set up by agreement between King’s
College, Cambridge [the owners of the Manor of Ogbourne] and one of the
Officers of the chase, but evidence taken by a Commission [ Duchy of Lanes.
Specl. Commns., 47] in 1560 and 1561 varied as to the object for which they
were set up, some witnesses thought they marked the limits of the Chase,
and others that they marked the limits of the herbage rights of the tenants
of Aldbourne and Ogbourne respectively. One witness said that the
tenants of Aldbourne had that day [18th Nov., 1560] madea perambulation
and that the boundaries did not coincide with the merestones. No report
of the perambulation has been seen.
On 28th July, 3 Jas. I, the surveyor of the Duchy Woods in the South
part was required to report on the coppices and underwoods of the Chase
_ and their acreage, the condition of the timber, and their value for letting.
The report is not dated, but as it was required ‘‘at the latest in xv" Michis
next,” it may be assumed to have been made by that time, and may be
| summarised as follows :—
A parcel of wood called Middleridge Coppice with a border
containing about 21 acres of 20 years growth whereof there is
' much lawn & waste ground whereof 2 acres will but suffice to
586 Aldbourne Manor, Chase, and Warren.
make the fence. The residue 19ac. is worth to be let at xx?
the acre p. ann. XKXJ". vilj*s
Hillwood Coppice with a border, 30 acres of 17 years growth
3 ac. to make the fence. The residue 27 ac. is worth to be let
at xx‘. the acre p. ann. [sac. ] maiz,
Snape Parke being a coppice with borders thereto adjoining
and a ‘‘ Hassocke,” 30 acres of 4 years growth, wherein is much
waste ground, 3 ac. to make the fences, the residue 27 acres
is worth to be let at xxiij*. the acre p. ann. [sec. ] ee avaleS
Standens Coppice, 18 acres of 3 years growth, 2 acres to
make the fence, the residue to be let at xviij*. the acre p. ann. xxi
Two other coppices called High Witchell and Lowe Witchell
which although they be of longer growth than the other yet
the underwood therein groweth very thin and slowe that it
will not be sufficient to make the moundes by reason there is
much waste ground in it not worth the incoppicing but to
make pollard coppice and Harte hewed will necessarily serve to
make the second hedges for the other coppices which if it be
not done will be utterly spoiled and so no value to be made
thereof nel,
Mem. The tenants will not suffer above two coppices to be kept fenced
at any time and there will be no woods saleable these viij years.
Mem. ‘These coppices being within the Chase are subject to much spoil
both by the deer and conyes and also to Comoners’ cattell unless they be
well fenced and much of them must be p[a]led. And the tymber for that
purpose hath heretofore been allowed by esp’ciall warrant.
Middleridge, Standen, and Low Witchell coppices were conveyed to
Thomas Bond with the manor in 1631—2.
The Chase would thus seem to include coppices conveyed to Thomas
Bond with the Manor, as well as others not so conveyed ; the tenants had
common rights, and were sufficiently strong to have their rights considered
in the arrangements for fencing the coppices; there is no owner of the
Chase, or of the soil of the Chase, mentioned in the Inclosure Act; and the —
Chancery Decree of 1677 orders so much of the Chase over which there was |
warren stocked with coneys to be given.up by the defendant. Would it |
then be wrong to conclude that the Chase consisted partly of land and |
partly of hunting rights over land belonging to the manor and the warren, |
and that after the time of Charles J. the hunting rights were allowed to lapse, |
and the land became absorbed in the the Manor and the Warren? I put |
the question, but do not feel competent to give an answer. Itshould, how- |
ever, be added that in the conveyance to Edward Nicholas and Edward |
Martyn’s nominees in 1631 the Chase was excepted in the following words |
—necnon except. chac. eidem maner. spectan.
A Chantry in the Parish Church is mentioned by Canon Jackson in a list |
of Ancient Chapels in Wilts [Welts Arch. Mag., vol. x., p. 255]. It may be |
added that there was a Chantry House. On 25th February, 3 Chas. 1, |
Thomas Hayne, of Aldbourne. Gent., conveyed to Henry Smith, John |
Gilmore, Benjamin Barlye, and Stephen Chowles, all of Baydon, his |
messuage at Aldbourne, commonly called the Chauntry House, with garden |
By John Sadler. 587
and three acres of land, sometime parcel of the possessions of a dissolved
Chauntry granted by Queen Elizabeth by letters patent of 15th May in the
44th year of her reign to Henry Baste and Edward Brysten [?] and their
heirs for ever, and a cottage built on part of the three acres ; to be held by
them to his use during his life and the lives of William and Thomas Gren-
don, sons of William Grendon, the elder, of North Moor, co. Oxon, and
afterwards to pay to his heirs and assigns one penny yearly if demanded, at
or in the porch of Beyden Church. and to employ the residue of the rents
and profits to the repair and maintenance of the Church of Beyden [Close
Rolls, 1652, pt.7]. Vhe grantor is perhaps the Thomas Haynes referred to
in the will of Thomas Bond as lessee of the Manor House.
The cottage built on part of the three acres was burnt down in 1817, and
with the money received under an insurance policy, and the proceeds of the
sale of the old materials, two small cottages under one roof near the Church
at Baydon were purchased in lieu in 1818. The whole of the property—
the Chantry House and land in Aldbourne, and the cottages at Baydon—
was sold by order of the Charity Commissioners for £355 and the money
invested in Consols on 20th June, 1877 | Hndowed Charities Report. Wilts,
1905].
588
THE VILLAGE FEAST OR REVEL.
By Mrs. Story MASKELYNE.
Among the memories of past customs connected with the Church which
‘still linger on in our villages is that of the parish feast—the annual wake
or revel as it was frequently called. A little inquiry will often enable us to
find out what particular Sunday has been handed down as the Feast Sunday,
although there is no special ceremony to do it honour now, as was the case
in old times. For no doubt we have here a remembrance of the old
customary festival, formerly held each year to celebrate the dedication of
the Church to religious purposes, the date of the festival being generally
regulated by the festival of the saint to whom the Church was dedicated.
This subject has for many years interested me greatly, and some years
ago I discussed it with Bishop Browne, who I found was equally interested
in the matter and had made certain enquiries about it. We had both
ascertained that the date given for the Feast Sunday did not in many cases
seem to correspond correctly with that of the festival of the saint to whom
the Church was dedicated. Could there be any reason for this, or was the
supposed connection between the two a mistake? I was led to the con-
clusion that in considering this question it was important to keep in mind
the difference between old and new style in the calendar, and that apparently
some villages had held tenaciously to the recurrence of their festival at the
interval of a full year and thus the actual date became shifted. Nor could
I exclude the possibility of the village feast being sometimes a consecration
of one of the old heathen festivals. ‘There aresome villages where festivals
survive held on days significant of the old Celtic quarter days—Candlemas,
Beltan, Gwyl Aust, and Nos. Galen Geeeth, 7.e., February, May, August, and
All Saints. Dim memories of what those seasons meant can often be found
still among the ignorant people.'
1 Many years ago at the village feast flawer show at Wootton Bassett an
inquirer, asking if there was any old tradition connected with the date,
Nov. Ist, still lingering on in the memory of people there, was told by a
man, without the smallest idea as to the meaning or importance of his
remark, ‘‘ that it had something to do with the beginning of winter.” Now
as the 1st Nov. is the fourth quarter day of the ancient Celtic year, when
the beginning of winter was celebrated, the remark was a very interesting
sign of the survival of a memory which had lost all meaning. Another
similar instance occurred at Broad Hinton, on the occasion of the village
feast flower show, held on the first Monday after Lammas Day. In this
case the survival memory was ‘something to do with bread made with new
corn.” Jammas Day derives its name from the fact that in the early Church
it was regarded as a feast of thanksgiving for the firstfruits of the harvest,
when bread made of the new wheat was offered at the mass. (Church
Dedications, by F. Arnold Foster, Vol. I., p. 54.)
The Village Feast or Revel. 589
Some remarks, however, may first be made as to the relation between the
village feast and the annual festival for the dedication of the Church, of
which there can be no question.
As early as the days of Constantine, when Churches were erected they
were consecrated, and, as Eusebius tells us, their consecration was constantly
commemorated from that time forward oncea year. In England the practice
was established by Gregory the Great, who directed Augustine to allow the
solemn anniversary of dedication to be celebrated in those Churches, which
were made out of heathen temples, with religious feasts kept in sheds or
arbours made up with branches and boughs of trees round the Church, The
disorders, which arose from this practice, were, however, serious, and had
to be restrained by frequent injunctions from ecclesiastical authorities.
This commemoration was regarded as one of the great festivals of the
Church’s year. Thus Bishop Quevil (1287), in the synod of Exeter states,
what was the long-established custom of the English Church, that every
adult parishioner above fourteen years of age had to make an offering four
times a year, viz., at Easter, Christmas, patronal feast, and dedication feast
of his parish Cimnch In a council hell at Oxford (1222) it was ordained
that, among other festivals, should be observed the day of the dedication of
every Church within the proper parish. The solemnity was at first cele-
brated on the very day of dedication, as it annually returned, but the
Bishops frequently gave authority for transposing the observance to some
other day, and especially to the Sunday following. In consequence of the
confusion caused by the multiplicity of these festivals and the feasting
which accompanied them, Convocation, in the reign of Henry VIII., en-
joined that all wakes should be kept on the first Sunday in October.
The Puritans, naturally enough, attacked the celebration of the village
feast, into which we can well imaginegserious abuses had crept. In 1627, at
the assizes held in Exeter, an order was made by the judges for the sup-
pression of all wakes. Bishop Laud then intervened and ordered the Bishop
of Bath and Wells with his clergy to inquire into the matter. ‘heir report
stated that on the dedication festival, which generally was on a Sunday,
the Church was much better frequented than on any other Sunday in the
year, that the people much desired the continuance of the festival and so
did most of the ministers for the preserving the memorial of the dedication
of their several Churches, for increase of love and unity, and for other good
reasons. During the Commonwealth the observance of revels and wakes
no doubt disappeared, and their revival later was only partial, yet the
memories of them can still be traced among the old people in our villages.
Aubrey records the date of the revel in some parishes and implies that it
was customary in his day. At Kington Iangley, he tells us, was formerly
“a Chapell dedicated to St. Peter but now converted to a dwelling house
the Revell is still kept the Sunday following St. Peter’s day, it is
one of the Eminentest Feastes in these partes.” Again, at Christian Malford
he says, ““At Midsummer is a famous Revell,” and at Yatton Keynes,
“Yatton Revell is at St. James’s tide,” this hamlet having formerly hada
Chapel no doubt dedicated to St. James. Again at Allington, a hamlet in
the parish of Chippenham, he tells us, “the Revell is kept the Sunday after
Holyroode day, 14th of September,” and thinks that at one time a Chapel
590 The Village Feast or Revel.
or Church stood there. He evidently regards the date of the revel as
pointing to the dedication of some formerly existing Church or Chapel.
I will now illustrate the subject of the date of the village feast by a few
of the instances which have come under my notice. Bishop Browne told
me that at Stapleford, co. Nottingham, where the Church is dedicated to
St. Helen, he asked an old man who had lived all his life there, what was
the date of the village feast. He replied “ Od Saint Luke rules Stapleford
Wake. Wake Sunday’s the first Sunday after October, ‘less last day’s a
Sunday and the last Sunday ’s oor Wake Sunday.” The feast day was
thus St. Luke’s Day (now the 18th October) according to the old style, 7.e.,
29th October.
At Little Hinton, when the present incumbent went there, the Church
was described to him as St. Anne’s. On looking into the matter, however,
he found that the correct dedication was St. Swithin (Bacon’s Liber Regis).
The village feast day was said to be on 26th July, which is St. Swithin’s
Day according to the old reckoning. ‘The fact that this day is now St-
Anne’s Day may explain how the Church had come to be called St. Anne’s.
There is no village feast now, but some of the older inhabitants are visited
by their relations on the day.
At Great Somerford, when first Canon Manley came to the parish,
the Church was called St. Michael’s, but the correct dedication was
found to be St. Peter and St. Paul (Bacon’s Liber Regis). The Feast Sun-
day was said to be on 11th October, or first Sunday after. Hence the
original feast day would seem to have been altered in accordance with the
decree of Convocation 28 Hen. VIII, that all wakes should be kept on the
first Sunday in October, according to the old style, but with the change of
style an erroneous inference was drawn that the feast day was old Michael-
mas Day and the dedication of thesChurch assumed to be to St. Michael
and All Angels.
The Church of Little Somerford is said to be dedicated to St. John the
Baptist (Bacon’s Liber Regis), yet the village feast is connected not with
the 24th June, the Nativity, but with the 29th August, ‘‘ the beheadal” of
St. John the Baptist, which show us no doubt the real date of the dedica-
tion.
The Church at Wroughton has two dedications, St. Helen and St. John
the Baptist. When St. Helena was used as a dedication is not known.
Dedications to her are rare out of Yorkshire. The feast day is kept on the
Monday following the first Sunday after July 6th, which taking into con-
sideration the change of style shows that the true dedication for the present
Church is St. John the Baptist.
The Edict of Convocation, 28 Hen. VIII., seems to have very been generally
ignored, but in Vaux’s Church Folk Lore, p. 297, an instance is given of its
observance, for the Vicar of Audlem, Cheshire, writes ‘‘ Our Saint’s Day is
St. James’ (July 25th), but our village wake is held early in October, ‘Wake
Sunday’ being that nearest to October 2nd, and the wake is held on the
week following ”’
When the proper dedication festival fell in the winter months the revel
was often held at a more genial time of the year, so at Christian Malford
and Crudwell, where the Church is dedicated to All Saints, the revel was
Notes. 591
held in the one case at Midsummer and in the other about the beginning of
August.
[I have to thank Canon Manley for most kindly helping to put the above .
notes into shape.—T.S.M. ].
NOTES.
A new Theory of Avebury. Stukeley believed that the temple
of Avebury was dedicated to serpent worship, and saw in its circles and
Avenues a representation of the figure of a serpent.
A German archeologist has seen in its ground plan a representation of
the horns of a bull, and would therefore dedicate it to the worship of the
horned deity, or the deity represented by horned figures, of prehistoric
times. Georg Wilke suggests this in Sudwesteuroparsche Megalithkultur,
1914, and on page 143 produces what purports to be a ground plan of
Avebury, in which two avenues fork out of the main circle, curving sy-
metrically, like the horns of a bull, tapering as they progress, and each
ending in circles. As the writer says, the avenues appear like gigantic
bull’s horns, but he does not explain how the circles enter into the repre-
sentation.
Horned or crescent-shaped figures are, of course, well known in European
archeology. They appear in the eastern Mediterranean in early times,
where the horns of the sacrificial bull, both the actual horns and copies in
clay and stone, were set up on altars, and elsewhere ; from there the cult
is thought to have spread into western Europe, but as far as the writer
knows this is the first attempt to connect it with Avebury.
The “ Revue Scientifique,” September, 1928, contains an article by L.
Franchet, entitled “Les Alignements de Carnac et la théorie de Stuckeley.”
The writer describes briefly the alignments of Carnac and neighbourhood,
and the recent discovery there of a menhir with figures of five serpents and
a sun symbol engraved on it, and suggests that the discounted theory of
serpent worship in connection with the alignments and circles as put forth
by “‘Stuckeley” is by this new discovery rendered again worthy of serious
consideration.
The November issue of this journal contains a second article by the same
writer, entitled ‘“‘ Les Cromlechs d’Abury et de Stonehenge.” ‘The author
again mentions the discovery of serpents engraved on the menhir of “‘ Manio,”
near Carnac, and goes on to describe Avebury and Stonehenge in connection
with the theory of serpent worship.
592 Notes.
In Franchet’s opinion it is more and more difficult to attribute the circles
(cromlechs) and other megalithic monuments to the Neolithic age. In his
-Opinion the most ancient date from the period of the discovery or of the
introduction of metals, z.e., the Eneolithic period. Avebury, he thinks, is
not older than this, nor any of the megaliths of the Morbihan. In con-
firmation of this view Franchet cites the two circles of the island of Er-Lanic,
now almost completely submerged by the sea, where the oldest industry on
the island is (in his opinion) post-Neolithic. Also, as a result of his own
researches, on geological grounds, the Armorican peninsula, he believes,
could not have been inhabited in Neolithic times. Franchet hopes to
publish shortly a work on this subject.
The following are briefly the facts of the very interesting discovery of
serpents engraved on a menhir, referred to above.
Among the group of small menhirs forming the end of the alignment of
Kermario, at a spot called ‘“‘ Manio,” is an artificial mound on which stands.
a menhir larger than the rest, and of a different orientation to that of the
alignment, which is east—west, whilst the menhir is north—south; the
mound contained burials and was with the menhir undoubtedly older than
the alignment. On the lower part of the menhir that had been protected
by the soil were found engraved five serpents and a sun symbol. Four
polished stone axes were found close to the base of the. menhir, The
mound contained fifty-nine separate small chambers or cells, constructed
of comparatively small stones; few of them seem to have contained any-
thing. Carnac. Fowlles Fartes dans la Region, Paris, 1923.
M. E. CunNINGTON.
The name ‘‘Godsbury.”’ An interesting instance of the way
in which local place names are changed, or become transferred from one
spot to another, has recently been brought to notice.
A round barrow, Easton Royal I. (Goddard’s list), about one mile south
of Easton Clump, on Easton Hill, in the parish of Easton Royal, is named
on the Ordnance Map ‘“‘ Godsbury Barrow” (Wilts, 6 inch Sheet xlii. N. W.,
revised edition, 1899). The barrow isa small round flat mound, ditched
round. It seemed curious that such an insignificant barrow should have
been honoured with so distinctive a name, and on investigation it seems
that it really has no claim to it. ‘The rather conspicuous hill to the east of
this barrow, named onthe same Ordnance Map “Crowdown Clump” has
undoubtedly the prior claim to the name.
In Andrew’s and Dury’s “ Map of Wiltshire,” dated 1773, this hill is
plainly called “‘ Godsbury Hill.”
Sir R. Colt Hoare, describing his ride from Everley to Marlborough,
mentions the various objects of interest on the way (Anc. Wilts, vol. I., p.
190, Station VI.). He speaks of “a round hill named Godsbury whose
summit has been crowned with a clump of trees by Lord Ailesbury. It
exhibits faint traces of a circular earthen work, from which circumstance
it probably gained the latter part of its name.”
Notes, 593
It is quite clear from Hoare’s description, as well as from his map of the
Station, that the name “‘ Godsbury” referred to the hill, and not to any
barrow in its neighbourhood. The name, it seems, must have been trans-
ferred from the hill to an inconspicuous barrow on a neighbouring hill
through some misunderstanding, or oversight, on the part of those en-
gaged on the Ordnance Survey.
It is probable that the name “ Crowdown Clump” came into use after
the hill was planted with trees. This must have been shortly before 1810,
the date of the publication of the first volume of Anczent Wilts, because
Hoare states there that both Godsbury Hill and Easton Clump had recently
been planted with trees by the then Lord Ailesbury.
Mr. O. G. 8. Crawford tells me that he had come to the same conclusion
as to the identification of the name “ Godsbury” with Crowdown Clump
when he was working on the Anglo-Saxon bounds of Bedwyn and Burbage
W.A.M., xli, 287). But asin the published account the point is not re-
ferred to this note may be of use for future reference. In new editions of
the Ordnance Maps the error, it seems, is to be corrected.
The name appears in a Saxon Land Charter of the lands of Colling-
bourne Kingstone (reputed date 921) as Guthredesburg or Guthredesbeorh
The Saxon Land Charters of Wiltshire, by G. B. Grundy, M.A., D. Litt.
The Archeological Journal, March—December, 1919, p. 218, and note p.
219.) That the name belongs by right to the hill with its earthwork and
not to the barrow meets Dr. Grundy’s difficulty in the identification of the
spot specified in the Charter, namely that the barrow lies outside the
present boundaries of Collingbourne, and that the reading of this and other
Charters ‘ makes it almost certain that the reference is to a camp and not
to a tumulus.” M. EK. CUNNINGTON.
The use of Stone Balls or Mauls in working Stone
Monuments. A great deal of extraordinarily interesting light is thrown
on the method of working the stones of Stonehenge, and the use of the large
sarsen mauls found there, in “ The Problem of the Obelisks from a study of
the unfinished Obelisk at Aswan,” by R. Engelbach, 1923. Indeed the book
should be studied by all who are interested in the primitive methods of
working stene monuments. ‘The author writes “all over the quarries at
Aswan, and especially round the Obelisk, may be seen hundreds of balls—
some whole and some broken—of a very tough greenish-black stone known
as dolerite, which occurs naturally in some of the valleys in the eastern
desert. It is a curious but incontestable fact that not only were the faces
of monuments dressed by means of these balls—which has been long
known—but that they were used for ‘cutting’ out large monuments from
the rock. In other words, they are the tools of the quarrymen.” ‘The work
of dressing the surface of monuments to a flat face “ was done entirely by
bruising with the balls of dolerite . . . whether these balls were used
by hand, or shod in some way as rammers, is doubtful. It seems likely
that they were so mounted, and worked by several men, as such blows were
dealt that the balls were sometimes split in two—almost an impossibility
by hand.” Speaking of the excavation of the trench round the great
594 Notes.
Obelisk he says “‘ We are struck with the absence of any marks of wedges
or chisels. The ancient chisels leave traces which are easily recognisable,
but here we have the effect of a series of parallel, vertical ‘cuts’ just as
if the rock had been extracted with a gigantic cheese-scoop. A further
feature of the trench is that there are no corners—everything is rounded.
The trench and pits were therefore not cut out, but rather bashed out.
These balls measure from 5in. to 12in. in diameter, their weight averaging
twelve pounds . . . a more economical or efficient tool can hardly be
conceived . . . they were (probably) shod on rammers . . . This
is further borne out by the fact that the wear on the balls is not even over
the whole surface, but appears in patches, showing that they were used in
one position until the bruising surface had become flat, and then changed
to another position.”
Precisely the same conditions are to be observed on the surface of the
great mauls found by Dr. Gowland at Stonehenge, which, it will be remem-
bered, he suggested were hafted in some way as rammers, and the parallel
flutings still to be seen ona fallen upright at Stonehenge are exactly analogous
to the similar flutings or scooped lines on the side of the great obelisk and
of the trench surrounding it. There is clear evidence, indeed, in the same
quarry, in the bed from which a smaller monument has been removed, that
not only was the surface of the monument shaped, but that it was actually
undercut and separated from the parent rock solely by the pounding action
of these same dolerite balls. ‘There is also in the chapters on the methods
of transport and erection of the obelisks much that may possibly apply
also to Stonehenge.
In the same connection Mr. O. G. S. Crawford, F.S.A., writes to me :—
“Tn 1913 I picked up many small balls, mostly broken, at the Pyramids
Temple. They were certainly used for dressing stone and were of a greenish
coloured material.” Ep. H. Gopparp.
MS. Notebooks by F. A. Carrington, Q.C,_ Five small
quarto notebooks which belonged to the late F. A. Carrington, Q.C., a
frequent contributor to the early volumes of the Walés Arch. Magazine,
have recently been given by Lt.-Col.S. ‘I. Banning to the Society’s Library. |
They contain a large number of MS. notes on Churches, registers, tithe and
enclosure awards, and other matters of topographical and genealogical
interest, chiefly concerned with Aldbourne, Ogbourne, Chiseldon, Broad
Hinton, Wanborough, Avebury, Burbage, and Bedwyn. The principal
items are:—Burbage, Church bells, registers, tithes ; Ogbourne St. Andrew,
Church, terriers, enclosure awards, and alterations of roads; Ogbourne St.
George, tithe apportionment, manor and court rolls, &c.; Wanborough,
tithe apportionment, deeds, Enclosure Act, water course award; Little
Hinton, enclosure award, tithes; Aldbourne, tithes, extracts from registers,
list of occupiers and owners, &c.; Broad Hinton, Church, monumental
inscriptions, registers ; Marlborough, notes, Civil War, great fire, William
Houlbrook,extracts from Rymer’s Foedera, &c. ; Chiseldon Church ; Draycot
Foliot annexed to Chiseldon ; Avebury, terriers, tithe award ; Great Bedwyn,
noteson Church and history ; abstract of contents of ‘‘ The Wiltshire Rant” ;
notes on the Banning family; Wiltshire tokens; the Darrell Murder.
Ep. H. GoDDARD.
Notes. 595
Three MS. Note Books in the handwriting of the
late Canon W. H. Jones, purchased by Mr. Gregory, bookseller of
Bath, from the library of Mrs. Alexander Mackay in 1924, were bought for
the Society in June, 1924,
(1). 8vo. contains ‘‘ Early Annals of the Episcopate in Wilts and Dorset
by the Rev. W. H. Jones, 1871,” with a large number of additional MS.
notes on both the earlier and later Bishops. Four letters by Canon Jones
to the Salisbury Journal, April and July, 1878, on “the Tombs of some of
the early Bishops of Sarum in the Cathedral.” Injunctions of Q. Eliz. to
the Cathedral Church of Salisbury, A.D. 1558, from the Salisbury Journal,
1879. An ancient deed relating to the Foundations of the Cathedral at
New Sarum (Miscellanea et Statuta quoad Sarum) belonging tothe Rev. J.
James, Rector of Avington, with full summary of its contents. Notes on
Deans, Chapters, Canons, &c.
(2). 4to. A volume of the Forms of Queries issued by the Wilts Arch.
Society for Parochial Histories, with a large number of MS. notes by Canon
Jones on various parishes in Wilts entitled ‘ Collections for Parochial
Histories, Wilts, Possessions of Shaftesbury.’’ Some twelve parishes are
included.
(3). 4to. A similar volume to the last in which some 23 parishes have.
notes attached to them.
These two note books contain MS. information on Berwick St. Leonard,
Sedgehill, Teffont Magna, Dinton, Tisbury, Hatch, Donhead St. Mary and
St. Andrew, Charlton, E. Donhead, Liddington, Keevil, Beechingstoke,
Asserton, Boyton, Bratton, Berwick St. James, Corton and Boyton, Charl-
ton in Downton, Durnford, Imber, Landford, Langford, Maddington, S8.
Newton, Netheravon, Orcheston St. Mary, Sherrington, Standlinch, Stock-
ton, Semley, Shrewton, Wishford, and Winterbourne Stoke.
Ep. H. Gopparp.
A Survey of Wanborough Manor, 1720. Amongst the
papers bequeathed to the Society by Mr. Arthur Schomberg 1s a small MS,
folio paper book of 84 pages. The front page is headed :—
“A Booke of Surueygh of the Comon feildes of the Lordeshipp of Wan-
| borough in Com. Wilts wherein is sett downe howe euery man lyeth in
| euery ptickulerfur: & whatt they lyeth fo & alsoe whatt euerye ptickuler
| Cont. acordinge vnto Statute measure of the manor of Sr. John Darel
| Bt. & first of the [words erased] feilde begineinge in the (—?) nexte the
towne on the easte.”
The book is carefully written in double column throughout, and is valuable
as containing the names of the inhabitants of Wanborough and their
/
! holdings at this date.
|
_ Great Somerford. Mr. Arthur Schomberg also bequeathed two
| small 4to note books, containing copies or abstracts of wills and deeds
Michael, the originals of which are in the possession of the Birthill family.
| VOL, XLII.—NO. CXL. 28
|
|
|
| concerning families and properties at Great Somerford and Kington St.
|
|
596 Notes.
These were copied by the late Mrs. Light, of Chippenham, and left to Mr.
Schomberg at her death.
Ep. H. Gopparp.
William Windover. As details of the life and dwelling place
of William Windover, merchant and benefactor of Salisbury, buried in St.
Martin’s Church, are rather obscure, these further notes may prove of value,
and anyway are linen in a chain of interesting coincidences.
After the discovery of the oil painting of William Windover in the attig
of what is now 91, Brown Street, as reported in Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxix.,
502—504 (June, 1917), and the information gleaned from the deeds in
possession of the owner of that house proving that it had been in the
occupation of the Dennis family for years, and that a Dr. Thomas Dennis
lived there from about 1790 to 1818 (his wife’s name being Ann), it was
noticed by Frances E. Baker (now Mrs. J. L. Lovibond) that a gentleman’s
ring, purchased in 1812 at a second-hand dealer’s, had inscribed on it “‘ Ann
Dennis died Jan. 2th, 1912, aged 60 years,” no doubt being the mourning
ring of Dr. Dennis, in memory of his wife. If so, the ring had once more
come to its original home.
In September, 1919, upon the inside of a wall of premises belonging to
Mr. J. L. Lovibond in the Friary being uncovered, a stone was found with
a partly obliterated inscription, as follows :—
“This Wale belong
To William Wind . . er
Made at his Charge
The Fryery Wale an
take N :
Anno Dom 16 ESE
In August, 1921, while Mr. Lovibond was restoring the front portion of |
this same property which faces St. Ann’s Street he found under two mantle- |
pieces, being used as a support, and badly chipped, a carved flat stone |
evidently the upper part of another mantelpiece, and having carved on it |
two shields, respectively the top portions of the Dennis arms (z.e., castle |
with two towers ppr, from each tower a banner floating gu.) and the |
merchant's mark of William Windover. |
In an old map of Salisbury, circa 1740 (about one hundred years later |
than William Windover) this house is shown as still having a garden |
running back to the Friary, the above-mentioned wall being the outside |
boundary. |
Upon reference to the overseers’ list we find William Windover lived in |
St. Ann’s Street, but-no exact house is indicated.
The discoveries mentioned above point certainly to what is now 22, St.
Ann’s Street, having been built by the opulent merchant, William Wind- | :
over, when he settled down in New Sarum and also to his wife having been |)
a Dennis. The house is now known as Windover House. ra
The Dennis family originally came from Wicklow, Ireland. In the |)
baptismal registers of St. Martin’s no entries of baptisms of children of |
William Windover occur, so it may be concluded that he died without |
Notes. 597
issue, and this would account for his portrait being in possession of his
kinspeople the Dennis family.
F. E. Lovisonp.
The Old Bath Road between Shepherd’s Shore
and Bowdon Hill. Although only that portion of the Old Bath
Road which lies upon Bagdon Hill beyond the Clay is within Bromham
parish, this highway was of much interest to its inhabitants, and Sir
Edward Bayntun, in Queen Elizabeth’s days, as good policy, agreed for
them to join with Heddington parish in the keeping up of the part called
Hell Lake. Eventually, in King Charles the First’s time, this led to a
dispute, for Heddington parish endeavoured to throw the whole expense
on Bromham by disclaiming Hell Lake. The Bromham weavers said the
falling off in their trade was due to the bad road.
Next, in 1713, a Private Act of Parliament (12 Anne, Stat. 2, No. 2) was
passed ‘‘for repairing the highway between Shepherds Shord and Horsley
Upright Gate leading down Bagdon Hill in the County of Wilts and other
ruinous parts of the highways thereunto adjacent.” A petition for its
repair says “the road from Shepherds Shord in the parish of Bishops
Cannings to Horsley Upright Gate in the parish of Calne, leading down
Bagdon Hill and through Sandy Lane in the parishes of Bromham and
Heddington is part of the Great Road leading from London to the Cities
of Bath and Bristol, and the highway in the parish of Bromham leading
from Rowdeford to Horsley Upright Gate is part of the Great Road between
Winchester, Andover, and Devizes and the said cities of Bath and Bristol,
and they are so ruinous and out of repair that they are “ dangerous to all
passing that way.” (In the Bromham Registers of 1655 there is an entry
of the burial of a coachman killed in an accident here.) In 1728 a further
Act was passed (2 Geo. IL, cap. 12), for the more effectual repairing of the
road down Bagdon Hill. In the evidence it is said “in the Winter Season
Bagdon Hill is so bad that Coaches and Waggons cannot get up the same
without some assistance, which is chargeable to the Owners and Drivers
thereof.” Again, in 1751 (25 Geo. II., cap. 5) another Act was passed to
_ further this work, it being stated that during the sixteen years, 1735—1751,
| the toll receipts had decreased from £204 lls. 8d. to £78 9s. 6d.; there
were “three or four miles of road leading over the Downs and two miles
| through Lanes, the soil whereof is a deep and washy sand.” Further efforts
__were made in 1783 (23 Geo. III. cap. III.), the road was then ‘Sin many
parts ruinous and cannot be effectually repaired,” but all was unavailing, so
_ many facts operated against the use of this road, which, after all, was merely
a short cut between Shepherds’ Shore and Bowdon Hill, and had no point
of attraction like the meeting of many roads at Devizes, so finally when an
_ Act was passed in 1790 (30 Geo. III., cap. 98), the old road was abandoned
' in favour of that through Bemedetord! which meanwhile had algo been the
| subject of many Acts of Parliament from 1707 (5 Anne, cap. 26); 11 Geo. I,
| cap. 27 (1724); 18 Geo. II., cap. 14 (1745); 29 Geo. IL., cap. 67 (1756) ; 24
Geo. III., cap. 65 (1784) ; Shen it was remaniadl “the road from Rowdeford
through the parish of Bromham is narrow, foundrous, incommodious and
dangerous to travellers” ; 30 Geo. III., cap. 98 (1790) ; 37 Geo. III., cap, 154
|
| 28 2
|
598 Notes.
(1796) ; 52 Geo. III, cap. 93 (1812); and 1 Geo. IV. (1820) c.69. Was
it in improving this road that the Roman Villa was discovered about 1790 ?
(Journals of the House of Commons; Statutes at large.) The records of
Devizes Quarter Sessions no doubt contain further information regarding
the roads in the 17th century. John Ogilby’s “Britannia . . . 1675,”
the first real road guide, mentions the road to Bath by Sandy Lane, but
only the branch points in the other main roads are shewn. The maps are
in strip fashion, like a modern guide, shewing hills, rivers, etc.
W. A. WEBB.
Four unrecorded Barrows in S. Wilts.
Ansty. About 60 yards S.W. of Barrow 3 (Goddard) and just W. of
the western termination of the semi-circular ditch that bounds the “ British
Village” on the south, is a round barrow entirely covered by gorse. It has
been somewhat damaged by rabbits on the south side.
Ebbesbourne Wake. (1) There is a much abraded round barrow in a
stubble field 54 yards from the Ridgeway that runs along the high down
land separating the vallies of the Nadder and Ebble, and about 200 yards
S.W. of the crossing of the Ridgeway by the old road leading from Sutton
Mandeville to the west end of Ebbesbourne Wake. Its height is only
2ft. 6in. to 3ft. and its diameter approximately 40ft. This barrow has been
identified by Mr. Crawford as being ‘“‘ Posse’s Hlaewe,” mentioned in the
Saxon boundaries of the parish of Swallowcliffe. The oldest inhabitant
of Ebbesbourne Wake states that when he ploughed this piece of ground
sixty or seventy years ago this barrow was quite a conspicuous mound.
The old name for this field was Beer Patch; possibly a corruption of Beorh
Posse (A.S. Beorh=a barrow).
I opened this barrow in November, 1923. Trenches 15ft. long were dug
down to the “ hard” to form a square outside the estimated centre and then
the middle portion was taken off in layers. We soon discovered that the —
barrow had previously been opened by the finding of large flints and ashes |
scattered about in the comparatively loose soil over the centre. We found
a roughly-cut cist 1ft. wide and 10in. deep, with some ashes near its southern
and western edges, and 2ft. to the south of it an irregular hole, which was
probably made by the inexperienced treasure seeker who first opened the
barrow. No fragments of bone or pottery were found.
(2) Due south of the last-mentioned barrow and 40 yards north-west of
the branching of the road that leads from West End, Ebbesbourne Wake,
to Swallowcliffe Down, is another unrecorded round barrow. Itis partly
covered by bushes and has been damaged by rabbits. The ditch is in-
distinct. The credit of finding this barrow is due to Mr. William Young, of
Ebbesbourne Wake. |
(3) The barrow that gives the name of Barrow Hill to the conspicuous
knoll that rises to a height of 621ft. just south of the village of Ebbesborne
Wake, has hitherto been undiscovered. ‘he older inhabitants of the village |
cannot remember having seen any “mound” there. ‘he barrow, a round |
one, lies with its centre 25 yards east-by-north of the conical hill top, on |
|
Notes. 599
which now stands a smallreservoir. Is is much abraded and its ditch is in-
distinct. It is only when approached from the south that its outline can
be seen on the skyline.
N.B.—All these barrows will be shown on the new O.S. maps.
R. C. C. Cray.
Wiltshire Genealogy. Mr. Arthur Schomberg left the Society
by his will all his MS. papers, and a number of printed books of reference
bearing on heraldry and genealogy. The most important of the MSS. is a
large collection of pedigrees, abstracts of wills, and notes on the genealogy
and heraldry of some 200 families connected with Wiltshire, contained in
two folio note books lettered ‘“‘ Wiltshire Collectanea, Genealogical.”
Objects recently given tothe Museum. The objects
described below belonged to the late Mr. Richard Coward, formerly of
Roundway, and have recently (1923) been given to the Society by his
daughter, Miss Maria Coward. Mr. Coward, who was much interested in
archeological matters, obtained these things from time to time from flint
diggers and others who found them in the course of their labours on the
downs.
Fig. 1. Bronze awl, or rimer; the tang is of obiong section, the blade
six-sided. Length 2#in. Probably Roman. ‘ Found near the other
things” (z.e., Figs. 3 and 5).
Fig. 2. Small bronze aw] with nick at end of tang. Length 2in. ‘‘ Found
near the safety pin” (7.e., Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Bronze bow brooch, with T-shaped head forming a cover to the
spring, which, with the pin, is made of a separate piece of metal from the
bow; the spring has six coils on either side of the pin, and the loop of the
spring is brought back behind the head and passed through a perforated
projection on the bow provided for the purpose. The spring is further
attached to the bow by means of a thin bronze pin or rivet that is run
through the coils of the spring and through the strong loop on the under side
of the T-shaped head. This loop is cast in one with the bow. Length
24in. lst or early 2nd century A.D. ‘“ Found on Roundway Hill by Wm.
Drew. I believe near the buildings.”
Fig. 4. Carefully made ring of Kimmeridge shale, ‘“ Found 1876, by
Thomas Minety, in a barrow on Mr. Mark Sloper’s down in Bishops
Cannings, a little above Calstone. It was in an inverted earthen urn
together with burnt bones and ashes. The urn fell to pieces.”
Fig. 5. Bronze ring. ‘ Found by Thomas Minety on Horton Down in
digging flints, 1877.”
Fig. 6. Bone spearhead (7). Nothing quite like this remarkable implement
appears in the various books available for reference, One end of the bone
has been left in its natural state to form a socket, and has rivet holes
through both surfaces of the bone; the shaft has been pared away and
shaped into a sharply pointed blade. Length 63in. ‘ Found by Thomas.
Minety on Horton Down in digging flints, 1876.”
Fig. 7. Bronze socketed spearhead, with two loops (one broken), and
prominent midrib. Total length 44in., length of socket 2in. “ Found by
600
Notes.
Simon Minety on Hemp Knoll, Bishops
1876.”
Cannings, while digging stone,
Xs
= YT)
= EE Hh SES,
ZAI
2EILE HEP
BE A. p YE,
ZZ: Nypige>
4
5
Objects collected by Mr. Richard Coward, of Roundway, now in
Devizes Museum. 3.
Notes. 601
Fig. 8. Handle and upper part of a bronze jug; Length of handle 34in.,
width of rim, 34in. On the inside of the trefoil lip to which the handle
was attached is the maker’s name stamp—ASPIIR (for ASPER). Mr.
Reginald Smith, to whom the jug was sent, believes it to be of Italian
make of late lst or early 2nd century date. ‘There are two similar jugs
in the British Museum, one from Faversham, and the other from Bayford,
near Sittingbourne (Archzologia Cantiana, XI., 27), assigned to about 200
A.D. on account of the Samian ware found with them. Mr. Smith adds
that he is unable to find the maker’s name in any of the lists available for
reference. Another example, broken off at the shoulder almost exactly as
our own example is, is illustrated in a paper by Mr. Thomas May “‘ On some
Karly’ Roman Finds from Plesheybury, Mssex, in the Public Museum, at
Chelmsford,” in 7’rans. Essex Arch. Soc., XIV., Pt. 1V., New Series, p. 227,
and is described as ‘‘The upper portion of a bronze ewer (oenochoe) the
mouth of which is trefoil shaped and ornamented round the rim and at the
junction of the neck and body with fine incised girth-grooves. ‘The whole
surface is beautifully patinated.” It is attributed to the first half of the
first century A.D., and another example found at Santon Downham,
Suffolk, to about the same period.
Two iron knife blades, much rusted, and of doubtful age.
The objects described above had labels attached to them in Mr. Coward’s
‘own handwriting giving the particulars of their discovery as known to him ;
unfortunately the jug had no label, but Miss Coward states that she always
understood that it had been dug up on Roundway Hill with coins. A letter
to Mr. Coward, from the late James Brown, of Salisbury, dated 1878, contains
a reference to the vessel with sketches for its proposed restoration, one
sketch being indicated as “the form most likely selected to contain coins
(if any were found in it).” It appears, therefore, that some previous mention
of coins had been made in connection with the vessel.
[ The illustrations are reduced from full size drawings by Mr. C. W. Pugh. ]
M. E. CUNNINGTON.
Unrecorded Bronze Implements inthe Blackmore
Museum, Salisbury. Mr. R. S. Newall, F.S.A., writes on June
8th, 1924, enclosing the three outline drawings here figured. He had
recently found Nos. 1 and 3 in a cupboard at the Blackmore Museum.
No. 1 is a very fine leaf-shaped dagger, with three large rivets and the
- gemilunar mark of the handle at the butt. Parallel lines, as usual, follow
the outline of the blade, but are somewhat indistinct. he outline is much
that of the Winterbourne Stoke example in the Stourhead Collection at
_ Devizes ; Evans (1881), Fig. 302 ; Catalogue of Stourhead Collection, No. 21.
_ The Winterbourne example, however, measures only 84in. in length, whereas
the Blackmore example is 94in. long and 2gin. wide at the butt, and is
second only in size amongst Wiltshire specimens to the large dagger from
Bush Barrow, in Devizes Museum, which measures l0gin. length. Mr.
_ Newall says that in the box containing this dagger and the celt, together
602 Notes.
with various other things, and many loose paper labels, there was no mention
of the dagger, but “ there was a loose label, ‘ King Barrow,’! lying on a very
large hone, unlike any I have seen. The gum on the back had grains of
similar earth to this stone, which was unwashed. The dagger is also un-
washed and is covered in places with this same chalky earth. This is
little evidence, still it may help. I think Job Edwards only had local
objects. That is the only reason for saying the dagger is a Wiltshire one.”
No. 2. A small flanged celt, 3$in. long and 2in. wide at the blade, which
has the appearance of having been worn down by sharpening. This was
found in the same box with the dagger described above. In the box was
a loose label, “Celt found between Stonehenge and Virgo,” which may,
perbaps, refer to this specimen. Otherwise, nothing is known of it.
No. 3. Two fragments of a bronze sword in the Blackmore Museum.
Mr. Newall notes that this sword was deposited in the museum by the late
Mr. James Brown, and was entered in the catalogue as No. 34. It was
subsequently withdrawn several years ago, but has now (1924) been presented
to the museum by his daughter, Miss Brown. It still bore the old museum
labe]. It was found on Cow Down Hill, Upton Scudamore. It is interesting
as being only the second sword recorded from Wiltshire ; the other was found
in Figsbury Rings in 1704, and is now in the Ashmolean Museum. (W.A.M.,
xxXvil., 129, No. 99.) The Upton Scudamore example has the hilt plate
complete with two rivet holes at the base of the blade, with one rivet |
remaining. The blade appears to have been nearly straight sided and the- |
two fragments measure 103in. in length, the expansion at the hilt measuring
22in. If Evans’ theory that the hilt of these swords bore the proportion of
one-sixth to the total length (Evans [1881], p. 277) is correct, this sword
when complete must have been about 27in. in length.
Mr. Newall also points out that there have been exhibited for many years
in the Blackmore Museum two bronze palstaves, apparently found together
at Stanton St. Bernard, both in bad condition, decayed, and with the edges of
the blades in both cases broken off. They are not recorded in the list of
bronzeimplementsin W.A.M/. xxxvii. One of these,which has lost both ends,
seems to have been a palstave with a plain long slot. It measures now 4in.
in length. The other was much like Evans (1881) Fig. 50, and had the
vertical rib running down the middle of the semi-elliptical ornament below
the stop. It has, however (unlike Evans’ figure), a loop at the side. It is
now 44in. long. Outline drawings of these palstaves have been sent by
Mr. Newall for the Society’s collection. Ep. H. Gopparp.
1 In addition to the two groups of the Old and New “ King Barrows” to
the N.E. of Stonehenge, the Barrow on Coneybury Hill, half-way between
West Amesbury and Luxenborough (Amesbury 23, Goddard) was known
as “King Barrow.” Stukeley says that a very large brass weapon as big as
a poleaxe was found in this Barrow ( W.A.J/., xxxviii., 167).
Notes. 603
- Bronze implements hitherto unrecorded, in the Blackmore Museum,
Salisbury. 4.
604 Notes.
Two Disc Barrows on Haxton Down excavated
March and April, 1924. Excavations were made at three places
on Haxton Down, in the parish of Fittleton, the soil and turf having been
replaced at once. Ordnance 6in. Survey, Sheet XLVIII. N.W.
In the first a mound was opened and was found to be nothing more. The
mound and soil below the original surface were full of fragments of typical
Romano-British pottery, with a good many flakes and pot-boilers. The
date, therefore, cannot be anterior to this period. There were also found a
nail and a sandal clip. This mound is W. of Barrow 6 (Goddard’s List),
and a little way N.E. of the well on the Ordnance Map. —
The second place opened was an unmarked disc, or ring, barrow, % of a
mile E. of Beach’s Barn, and just W. of Barrow 9 (Goddard’s List). The
cist or grave lay roughly east and west, and was about 3ft. 6in. long by 2ft. 6in.
wide, and about 3ft. 6in. deep. The body, that of a woman aged about 30
to 85, had been buried with the head to the east on its left side, with the
arms across the upper chest and the legs drawn up, that is to say, ina
semi-contracted position. ‘The bones had been curiously disturbed, the
lower jaw, for instance, being under the arms, and the head of the left
thigh bone nearly 9in. away from its socket in the pelvis, while there were
practically no remains of hands and feet bones. This condition may be
due, perhaps, to the action of rats or rabbits, or it is possible that the body
was not buried till corruption was advanced, but, since the bones were
unbroken, the disturbance, whatever the cause, must have taken place
comparatively soon after the date of burial. The skull, which was perfect
but for the front part of the nasal bone and one upper incisor, has been
submitted to Sir Arthur Keith, who states that it is a good example of the
“Beaker” people of the Mediterranean Littoral type. This people, though
ignorant, apparently, of the use of metal other than gold, seem to have
arrived in England approximately contemporaneously with the Bronze Age
folk, roughly between 2000 and 1800 B.C. No objects of any sort were
found with the body. ‘The skull has been placed in the Museum of the
Royal College of Surgeons.
The third was a dise barrow, close to the second, conceivably the husband
of the lady found. This barrow had been opened at some time, for, with
the exception of the right hand bone of. the collar bone and some few of
the upper vertebrae, the bones of the upper part of the body had disappeared,
and half the pelvis was nearly two feet from the other half. The legs,
however, had not been touched, and showed that in this case the body
had been laid on its right side with the legs drawn up, with the head to
the north. Here, again, there were fewer foot and toe bones than there
should have been, but the ankle bones were all perfect and in position.
The bones were those of a remarkably powerful person, but were in a very
fragile condition. These have been sent to Sir A. Keith. The cist was
somewhat larger than that in the first barrow, about 4ft. 3in. long by 3ft.
wide, but only about 3ft. deep, and the bottom of the cist had been hollowed
somewhat to receive the body. Here, again, no objects of any sort were
found with the bones. The excavators, Air Commodores Clark Hall and
Masterman, R.A.F., Mr. O. G. S. Crawford, and myself, were indebted to
the authorities of the Southern Command for permission to excavate.
Wilts Obituary. 605
Neither of these disc barrows are marked on the 6in. Survey. There is
also an unmarked disc barrow between Barrow 6 (Goddard’s List) and
Barrows 7 and 8. P. FaRRER.
WILTS OBITUARY,
Canon Thomas Boughton Buchanan, died June 28th,
1924, aged 90. Buried at Potterne. B. Nov. 21st, 1833, s. of Thomas Cox
Buchanan, of St. Mary Crypt, Gloucester. Exeter Coll., Oxon., B.A. 1856,
M.A. 1858. Deacon 1857; priest 1859 (Salisbury). Curate of Wilton, 1857—
1858; Chaplain and Tutor to Lord Herbert of Lea, 1859—63; Rector of
Wishford, 1863—71; Chaplain to Bishop of Salisbury, 1870—85; Vicar of
Potterne, 1871—91; Rector of Poulshot, 1891—1905 ; Residentiary Canon
of Salisbury, 1894—1915 ; Archdeacon of Wilts, 1874—1911. He remained
a non-residentiary Canon until his death. During his incumbency at
Wishford the Church was restored and the north aisle added ; at Potterne
the Church was restored at a cost of £3000 and the churchyard re-modelled
and enclosed; at Poulshot the brick and timber Chapel-of-ease near the
Rectory was built. After resigning the living of Poulshot in 1905 he lived
at Salisbury, at first in the north Canonry, with its garden made famous by
his predecessor, Chancellor Swayne, and after his resignation of the resi-
dentiary canonry, in a smaller house, No. 38, in the Close. He married a
daughter of George Richmond, h.A., who in 1872 bought the Porch House,
at Potterne, and elaborately restored it to its present condition. Mrs.
Buchanan died in 1915. Four sons and two daughters survive: the Rev.
S. J. Buchanan, the Rev. A. E. Buchanan, Mr. T. G. Buchanan, in the Bank
of England, and Mr. Walter Buchanan, of J.incoln’s Inn Fields; one of the
daughters is the wife of the Rev. J. Whytehead. During his active life
Archdeacon Buchanan took a large part in the Church life of the diocese,
and as Archdeacon was widely known throughout the county, his kindly,
genial, nature endearing him to many friends.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, July 3rd, 1924.
He was the author of the following :—
A Charge delivered May 28th and 29th, 1877, at Devizes and
Marlborough, at the Visitation. Devizes. Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 26.
Ditto, June 5th and 6th, 1878. . . . Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 22.
Stones crying out for the Church. A Sermon preached in St.
Peter’s Church, Broad Hinton, Wilts, at its Re-opening after
Restoration, on All Saints’ Day, 1880. (Reprinted from 7he
Church of England Pulpit). Pamphlet, cr. 8vo, pp. 12. :
A Charge delivered June 7th and 9th, 1883. . . . Devizes.
Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 23.
606 Wilts Obituary.
Sacrilege: How God regards it .. . Church Defence Sunday.
a Sermon preached in the Church of St. Mary, Potterne, by
the Vicar. Devizes. 1885. 8vo, pp. 10. .
Practical Considerations of the present position of the Tithe
Rent Charge and on our duty as to giving further reductions
from it. A Paper read at a Clerical Meeting, Nov. 9th, 1886. Marl-
borough. Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 7.
A Charge delivered June 10th and 12th, 1886 ... Devizes.
Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 22.
Ditto. June 16th and 18th, 1887. . . . Devizes. Pamphlet
8vo. pp. 23.
Bringing Brethren to Jesus. A Sermon preached on the
Eleventh Anniversary of the Opening of S. Andrew’s Church,
Melksham .. , shortly following the death of the Rev.
Edward Lowry Barnwell, its Founder. Devizes. 1887, Pamphlet,
8vo, pp. 8.
A Charge delivered June 20thand 22nd,1889 .. . Devizes.
Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 20.
Ditto delivered June 12th and 14th, 1890 .. . Devizes.
Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 15. -
The Church and the Villages. A Charge delivered June 23rd
and 25th,1892 . . . Devizes. Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 20.
The Education Bill. Case of the Village Schools against it.
In three Letters .. . Reprinted from ‘‘ The Devizes and Wiltshire
Gazette.” Devizes. Pamphlet, 8vo, pp.11. [19062]
Words for Peace. From a Charge delivered ... at Devizes
and Marlborough. July, 1907. [For private circulation only.]
Pampblet, cr. 8vo, pp. 12.
Charge delivered ... July 1904. Devizes Gazette, July 21st,
1904.
Ditto . .. July 13th and 15th .. . Devizes Gazette, July
20th, 1905,
Ditto (his last charge). Waltshire Gazette, July 21st, 1910.
John Farmer King, died suddenly, June 14th, 1924. Buried
at Devizes Cemetery. Born at Devizes, s. of William King. Apprenticed
at Brown & May’s North Wilts Foundry and remained there until the
foundry was closed in 1912, when he became a full-time agent of the Pearl
Assurance Company. He was first elected ‘town Councillor in 1907 as a
nominee of the Ratepayers’ Association, and became the first ‘“ working
man” Mayor in 1920. He took a prominent part in several committees of
the Council. J.P. for the county, 1922. For thirty years he was associated
with the management of the Wiltshire Football Association, of which he
had been for some years vice-president. A Churchman, and in politics a
Liberal.
An appreciation of his services to football and a long obituary notice,
Wiltshire Gazette, June 19th, 1924.
Wilts Obituary. 607
William Henry Stanier, died June 17th, 1924, aged 75. Buried
at the Nonconformist Cemetery, Calne. Entering the service of the Great
Western Railway at Wolverhampton as a clerk he rose to the important
position of Superintendent of Stores to the line, from which he retired a
. few years ago. He lived at Swindon for many years, where he took a large
part in the public life of the town, serving as Mayor in 1908 and 1909. He
married, first, Miss Morse, of Swindon, by whom he leaves a grown-up
family, and secondly, Susan Sophia, d. of Thomas Harris, of Calne, who
survives him. Of late years he had lived at Calne, and since 1917 had sat
regularly on the bench as J.P. for the county. He was an Alderman of the
County Council, and an original member of the County Education Com-
mittee. It was in educational matters that his best work was done up
to the end of his life. It was said of him that “he had devoted the whole
of his life, more than his leisure, to the cause of education. Mr. Stanier’s
monument was to be found in the schools of Swindon.” His death is a
great loss to the County Committee.
Obit. notices, Wiltshire 7ames, June 21st and July 3rd.
Canon Edward Inman, died May 17th, 1924, age 89. Oriel
College, Oxon, B.A. 1857, M.A. 1861. Deacon, 1858; Priest, 1859 (Salisbury).
Curate of Pewsey, 1858—60; Batheaston, 1860—63; Bremhill, 1864—69 ;
Wilton, 1869—72; Rector of West Knoyle, 1872—82; Vicar of Gillingham
with East and West Stour, Milton, Motcombe, and Enmore Green (Dors.),
1882—91 ; Potterne, 1891—99. LKural Dean of Potterne, 1892—1900. Preb.
and Canon of Salisbury, 1889. He had of late years lived in retirement at
Parkstone.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, May 22nd, 1924.
Francis Reynolds Yonge Radcliffe, died April 23rd,
1924, aged 72. Buried at Rockbourne (Hants). Eldest s. of John Alex.
Radcliffe, solicitor, of Cobham, Surrey. B. Sept. 20th, 1851. Eton and
Corpus Christi Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1874, M.A. 1876. Fellow of All Souls, 1874.
Called to Bar at the Inner Temple 1876, joined the Western Circuit,
and practised in the Wilts Quarter Sessions Courts. K.C.in 1904. Recorder
of Devizes, 1887—1904. Recorder of Portsmouth, 1904—1914. County
Court Judge for Oxfordshire, 1914. He lived for many years at Woodford
Manor, near Salisbury, until he removed to Headington Hill, Oxford.
J.P. for Wilts, 1901, also for Berks, Oxon, Northants, and Warwickshire.
He married, 1881, Helen, d. of Edward Harbord Lushington, and leaves
two sons and three daughters :—J. E. Y. Radcliffe, a barrister on the Western
Circuit ; G. R. Y. Radcliffe, also a member of the Western Circuit, and
Tutor and Senior Bursar of New Coll., Oxon ; one of his daughters is wife
of the Rev. K. E. Kirk, Fellow and Chaplain of Trin. Coll., Oxon.
He was the author of :—
The New Politicus.
An edition of Archhbold’'s ‘‘Quarter Sessions.”
Cases Illustrative of the Law of Torts.
Obit. notices, Z¢mes; Weltshire Gazette, April 24th and May Ist, 1924,
608 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, &c.
Gen. Sir John Hart Dunne, K.C.B., died April 20th, 1924,
aged 89. Buried’at Sidmouth. S. of John Dunne, of Cartron, Co.
Roscommon. B. Dec., 1835, educated privately. Joined the 62nd Regt.,
(now the lst Wilts,) at the age of 17 in 1852. Served in the Crimea in
1854 with the 2!st Royal Scots, or North British Fusiliers, and at his.
death was one of the two veterans who still wore the Balaclava clasp. He —
was present at the Alma, Balaclava, Inkerman, the siege of Sevastopol, |
and the attack on the Sedan, and received the medal with four clasps, the
Fifth Class of the Order of the Medjidieh and the Turkish Medal. In
1856 he transferred to the 99th Regt., which became the 2nd Wilts, and
with it served in the North China Campaign in 1860, and hoisted the Union
Jack at the capture of the Taku Forts. He became Captain at 195 and
Lt.-Col. at 29 in 1865, Major-General 1881, and commanded the 2nd Infantry
Brigade at Aldershot in 1885, and the troops in the Thames District from
1889 to 1890. He was promoted General 1893 and appointed Lieutenant of
the Tower 1894. He became Colonel of the Wiltshire Regiment 1898, and
retired after fifty years’ service in 1902. He became K.C.B. in 1906. He
married, 1870, Julia, d: of W. R. Chapman, of Whitby, who survives him.
He remained to the end of his life in the closest touch with the Wiltshire
Regiment, of which he was Colonel, especially during the years of the War,
as his many letters to the Wiltshire Gazette and his active organisation of
Tobacco Fund showed ; and on the occasion of his golden wedding, in April, |
1920, the officers presented him with a gold cup, as an expression of their -
esteem and regard.
He was the author of From Calcutta to Pekin, published 1861.
Obit. notice, with two portraits, Wiltshire Gazette, April 24th, 1924.
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, &c.
[N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in any
way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies
of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers. |
The Stones of Stonehenge. A full description of |
the Structure and of its outworks. Illustrated by |
numerous photographs, diagrams, and plans to |
scale, By E. Herbert Stone, F.S.A. London. Robert |
Scott, Roxburghe House, Paternoster Row, E.C.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, dc. 609
4to, pp. xv. + 150. Thirty-six plates. Price 21s. ‘This is a handsome
and attractive book with good print, paper, and margins, a nice cover, and
a large number of illustrations, many of them photographs of details not
elsewhere illustrated, and others of plans and diagrams drawn by the author
himself with extreme care and accuracy. ‘The letterpress of the work is to
a considerable extent an embodiment of papers by the author which have
already appeared in the Wiltshire Gazette, the Nineteenth Century Magazine,
Nature, and Man, during the years 1922 and 1923. These’ papers were
noticed as they appeared in Wilts Arch. Mag., xlii., pp. 88—91, 266, 267,
and 520, and there is no need to repeat what has been already said. Mr.
Stone gives a very exact description of the structure as it exists, he notices
that the best flat faces of the stones of the outer circle are placed on the
inside, that the stones of the outer circle have a batter of from 43in. to 6in.
in their total height, and also an ‘‘ entasis” which adds to the effect. Of the
short stone, No. 11, on the S. side, he notes that it has evidently been
broken off at the top, but thinks that its small size means that suitable
material had become scarce when the building reached this point. Of the
lintels he notes that the part of the lower surface between the uprights is
generally at a lower level than the seatings on the uprights, owing to the
upper surfaces of the stones being dressed away to bring the tops of the
lintels level all round. The outer face of each lintel is dressed to an arc of
a circle, as are also the lintels of the trilithons. Reckoning by the average
distances between the existing blue stones of the inner circle he believes,
following Hoare and Stukeley, that the number of stones was forty, and not
thirty, as some other writers have supposed. He notes that Petrie’s and
Lockyer’s estimates of the distance between the uprights of the great trilithon
—an important point—differ from each other, and do not agree with the
known distance apart of the tenons, as proved by the holes in the lintel.
As to the supposed blue stone lintel, he believes that there is no evidence
of a blue stone trilithon or trilithons, and that the stone is a fallen blue
stone upright, and the cup-shaped cavities were formed in it for some
purpose subsequent to its fall. The number of blue stones in the “ Horse-
shoe” he puts at 19 (against the 13, 15, and 17 of some other writers). As
to the altar stone, he is emphatic in asserting that it never stood upright.
The determination of the age of the structure from astronomical con-
siderations—Sir Norman Lockyer’s theory—for which Mr. Stone is a
protagonist, is of course set forth very fully. He will not allow that
Stonehenge is a “stone circle,” or has anything to do with one, or has
anything sepulchral about it. The barrows are numerous around it simply
because it was the centre of a dense population. He allows, however, that
the first Stonehenge was probably a primitive circle of unhewn blue stones,
which stood in the “ Aubrey Holes,” and that this was dismantled and the
stones dressed and erected in their present positions in the new structure.
There are chapters on the origin of the blue stones, giving Dr. Thomas’s
recent pronouncements, and on the nature of the sarsens, and the methods of
shaping and transporting them. He comes, however, to the curious con-
cluson that the sarsens came from a very limited deposit on the Plain itself,
which gave out before the structure was complete, and that this deposit
was composed of tabular sarsens and not of the irregular boulders which
610 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, &c.
form the majority of the stones at Lockeridge and elsewhere at N. Wilts
now. There is really no evidence whatever to support this conclusion,
Tabular sarsens do occur in N. Wilts, but they were always probably
scarcer than the nodular variety and naturally have always been the first to
be attacked by the stone breakers because they are so much easier to split
up and therefore are not largely in evidence in the sarsen districts now.
With regard to the working down of the surfaces of the sarsens by the stone
mauls and niullers found during the excavations, the author very appositely
quotes the evidence quite recently published, that the great obelisks of
Egypt were not merely worked on the surface but were actually cut out
from the rock by the use of precisely similar stone balls. It was the smaller
stone balls, too, and not pointed flints, which probably produced the tooling
or pitting of the surface to be seen still on the under side of the lintels and
the flakes from the buried base of the “leaning stone.” The chapter on
the mode of erection has been already printed in the Wilts Arch. Mag.,
xlii., 442. Of the Slaughter Stone he regards it as proved that it once stood
upright, and probably fell between the times of Aubrey and Stukeley, as
the latter mentions it as fallen. An encorrect report of what was said by
W. Cunnington, F.G.S., in 1880 makes him assert that his grandfather,
W. Cunnington, F.S8.A., remembered this stone standing upright. Mr. Stone
corrects this. Col. Hawley has shown that it was intentionally buried, and
found a large hole 64ft. deep, in which a large stone had stood, about 83ft.
away from the Slaughter Stone; this may have once held that stone itself,
or there may have been a pair of stones, of which the other has entirely
disappeared. The line of “plug and feather holes” across the corner of the
stone is, says Mr. Stone, obviously modern. He suggests that possibly the
Slaughter Stone and its fellow (if it had one) may be the originals of the
great stones shown by Inigo Jones and Aubrey as standing at the avenue
entrance.
Of the Hele Stone, over which the sun is supposed to rise on Midsummer
Day, over which, indeed, from some points of view it does rise, Mr. Stone
notes that viewed from a point on the axis just behind the great trilithon
the Midsummer sun has never risen over the peak of the Hele Stone yet,
and will not do so till 3260 A.D. That at least is certain, and the Hele
Stone remains a mystery. On the other hand, Mr. Stone has once for all
exploded the legend of the great sarsen in the river Avon about a quarter
of a mile below Watergate House, dropped by the Devil on his way with a
bundle of stones for Stonehenge. This stone has been spoken of ‘‘as
evidently intended to form one of the trilithons,” as “a particularly fine
stone,” which was said to be immovable, even when forty oxen were harnessed
to it. This stone is generally under water and difficult to find; Mr. Stone,
however, found it with the help of a boat, and by wading up to his waist,
and gives a drawing of it. It measures about 2ft. 9in. across by 2ft. 6in. in
height, and is an irregular square with rounded corners. On its upper
surface it has a sunk socket 123in. square, and near it a ring of 4in. iron
fastened to a staple. Mr. Stone says “the stone can be easily moved with
a crowbar.” The names Bulford and Watergate suggest some means of
crossing the river at this spot, and this stone, which is apparently not now
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, ce. 611
in its original position, may be the base of a cross marking the ford, or
possibly the foundation of a post for some wooden structure, a bridge or
some other means of crossing the river.
One other point Mr. Stone sets himself to clear up, the dates of the fall
of the central trilithon and other stones. The fall of the trilithon is
generally attributed to the digging of the Duke of Buckingham in 1620, as
related by Aubrey. Inigo Jones, however, working at Stonehenge in 1621,
found the central trilithon as it is now, and says nothing of its recent fall, and
Mr. Stone reproduces a pen drawing in a Dutch MS. in the British Museum,
of 1574, and a print from Camden’s Britannia (1789), copied from an older
print of 1575, signed with the initials R.F., both of which show a stone
leaning the wrong way, which he maintains is the lately “leaning stone”
wrongly drawn, and that, therefore, as A. L. Lewis asserted, the great
trilithon fell before 1574.
This book is the result of a vast deal of careful work and accurate
observation, and though those who do not already accept Sir Norman
Locker’s astronomical theories will probably rise from its perusal with
minds still unconverted, and may disagree with the author on other minor
points, everybody will be glad to have a work-in which the facts are stated
so clearly, and so many side-lights are thrown on points not elsewhere
illuminated.
‘Stonehenge. Ten Illustrations. Price Sixpence.
Sold by W. H. Smith & Sons, Strand House, London, W.C. 2. Printed by
B. Lansdown & Sons, Trowbridge.”
Pamphlet, 7zin. xX 5in. pp. 24. LTllustrations :—‘‘ Stonehenge from an
old engraving,” ‘‘ Before the stones were straightened,” “As it now is,”
‘‘From the air showing the Aubrey holes,” “Sarsen Stones or Grey
Wethers in a valley of the Downs,” “A straightened Trilithon and lintel,”
“ Lowering a lintel,” “Turning a lintel on its side,’ ‘‘ Some of the stones
at Avebury.”
This is a useful sixpennyworth, the illustrations are from good photo-
graphs, the information given is concise and up-to-date, the discoveries of the
Aubrey holes and of the branch of the avenue to W. Amesbury are men-
tioned. It seems hardly worth while to have printed the extract from Lord
Eversley’s letter however. The statement that the income in 1923 from
fees and sale of guide books was £1196 is welcome news, as it means, or
should mean, that further necessary work may be undertaken in the near
future.
Stonehenge, Past and Present. The ‘‘ Borough” guides
(new series). E. J. Burrow, Cheltenham [1924]. Pamphlet, cr. 8vo, pp.
36. Price 6d. Illustrations :—‘‘ Stonehenge looking N.N.E.,” “ Diagram-
matic Plan,” “‘ Stonehenge from the air during the investigation of the
Aubrey holes,” “Stonehenge as it is supposed to have been,” “ Map of
Stonehenge and its surroundings,” “ Hill ranges converging on Stone-
henge, and Routes by which some of the stones may have been brought
to the spot.”
This little guide book has a good deal of very up-to-date information,
ore <uil.——NO, CXLI 2
612 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, ce.
such, for instance, as the map of the neighbourhood showing the recently
discovered course of the avenue, the huts and abandoned aerodromes, the
chief barrows, &c., and the other plan showing the possible routes on sea and
land by which the blue stones may have been brought from the Prescelly
Mountains. Both these plans are exceedingly useful and are not to be found
in other guide books. In the section devoted to “ Present Day Theories,”
Sir Norman Lockyer’s astronomical theory is regarded as by no means
proved ‘‘ but we may still reasonably consider that Stonehenge was a temple
in the ritual of which sunrise on June 21st played a part, and that the
avenue was both a sacred way and was directed to the sunrise.”
A section deals with Stonehenge in modern literature ; then we have Mr.
Hippisley Cox’s theory that Avebury is the centre of the “Green Roads”
of England and of the hill system of all southern Britain. In the section
on the probable route of the stones from Prescelly, a new suggestion is
made, that the stones were brought straight from Prescelly to the mouth of
the Taff river, then embarked, and brought perhaps to Glastonbury, and
thence by the Mendip ridgeway to Stonehenge, a distance of less than 150
miles all told.
This is an ambitious little guide, and on the whole more up-to-date than
any other. It isa pity that on page 6 some of the blue stones are said to
be “only obtainable on the continent” whereas later on they are rightly
gaid to have come from Prescelly. Again the deer horn picks found were
not of reindeer but of red deer antlers.
Thomas Bennet, LL.D., Chancellor of the Diocese, and
Precentor of Salisbury Cathedral, popularly called “The Fasting Man”
(1558). A Lecture delivered in Salisbury Cathedral on Friday, May 2nd,
1924, by Canon Fletcher. F. G. Longman, Printer, Dorchester [1924].
Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 27. Price 1s. Frontispiece, a copy of an engraving |
by Jacob Schnebbelie, 1791, of the painting over the tomb of Precentor |
Bennet. Canon Fletcher discusses the difficulty of the date on Thomas |
Bennet’s tomb being 1554, whilst the date of his death is given in Faste
Eccl. Sarisb. as 1558. He proves that the Precentor Bennett and Chancellor
Bennet were the same man, that he died in 1558, but that the existing
tomb was prepared before his death. This tomb on the S. side of the N.
choir aisle of Salisbury Cathedral is one of the two containing the “Cadavers,” |
or emaciated figures, popularly known as “The Fasting Men,” a form of |
memorial not uncommon between 1430 and 1560. There was formerly a |
painted panel on the back of the tomb with an inscription, and a kneeling |
figure, of which the frontispiece shows the remains, though a water colour |
sketch in Devizes Museum, probably done for Hoare, gives a good deal |
more detail as remaining cz. 1800. Thomas Bennet was descended from |
John Bennet, Sheriff of Wilts in 1267. He was the second son of John |
Bennet, of Norton Bavant, by his wife, Agnes Forwarde. He is said to |
have taken the degree of B.C.L. at Oxford, 1505, and that of B.D. 1525; |
Treasurer of St. Paul’s Cathedral, 1520, and Chancellor and Vicar-General |
of London in the same year. In 1524 he was one of the commissioners to |
collect the subsidy in the County of Berks. J.P. for Wilts, 1525. “He is |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, de. 613
described in various documents from July, 1524, onwards, as being secretary,
chaplain, auditor, and audiencer to Cardinal Wolsey, and a member of his
suite.” A number of extracts from State Papers of his letters to Wolsey
in these capacities, and as one of the judges in Wolsey’s proceedings against
hereticsare given. He fell into disgrace for a time on the fall of his master,
Wolsey, but apparently was pardoned in 1534, and on Jan. 25th, 1525, acted
"as proxy for Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggio when he wasinstalledin his absence
as-Bishop of Salisbury. From 1525 to 1529 he was Vicar-General of the
Diocese, and again from 1533—1536, when he became Precentor of the
Cathedral, and apparently resided in the Close at Leadenhall! in 1525, re-
moving to “ Bowles” Canonry, now No. 21 in the Close, in 1548. He held
the stalls, first of Axford, and afterwards of Chisenbury and Chute, and
was Rector of Fenny Sutton (Sutton Veny), 1534. ‘Thomas Bennet, whose
brass is in the vestry of Westbury Church, was his great nephew and godson.
The Precentor’s will is dated July 16th, 1558, but the date of his death on
the tomb is 1554. Canon Fletcher suggests that as the tomb was prepared
during his lifetime he may have had a serious illness at that date and
thought he was dying and had the date cut on the tomb accordingly.
Several cases of a similar antedating of the death are mentioned, one that.
of Bishop Salcot, or Capon, is also in Salisbury Cathedral. The Precentor
in his will bequeathed a good milch cow for the use of the Cathedral
choristers, and requests the ‘‘ Maysters Residen ” (Residentiary Canons) to
permitthe “Lease in the churchyard” to be used as a feeding place for the cow.
An appendix by Chancellor Wordsworth containing a list of the Chancellors
of the Diocese from 1284 to the present time completes a very careful and
complete piece of biographical work.
Woodlands Manor. Wiltshire. The home of the Rev. F. Meyrick
Jones. Two articles in Country Life, May 10th and 31st, 1924, pp. 732—
738, 776—783. By the Rev. F. Meyrick Jones. Twenty admirable illustra-
tions. ‘A corner of the Great Hall and one end of the Gallery” ; “ The
Dais end of the Great Hall”; ‘* The Chapel Room ”; Ditto, “ when it was
a Cheese Room”; Ditto, ‘The richly sculptured Beam was brought from
Newbury and fitted exactly ”; “The Elizabethan Chimneypiece in the
Chapel Room as it is to-day” ; ‘“‘ The Book Room rescued from use as a
Kitchen ”; “The Elizabethan Chimneypiece in the Book Room”; “ The
Staircase Hall”; ‘‘ Passage from Hall to Book Room” ; “ ‘The Porch Room,
with medizval drawing of horse’s head”; ‘“‘The Southern Building con-
taining the Hall”; “Hall Windows and Porch” ; “ From the S. East” ;
“The North Building and the back of the Hall”; “Entry to the Chapel,
formerly attained by an outside stair”; “The Chapel Room on the first
floor” ; ‘“‘ The Hall Roof”; ‘‘ Detail of one bay of the Hall Roof”; “A
little piece of the Hall before restoration” ; “ The Great Hall.”
Jane, d. of John Guphaye, or Guffhey, owner of Woodlands, married car.
1380, Thomas Doddington, a Somerset man, the reputed builder of the ex-
isting house and chapel. In 1672 (Sir) Matthew Andrews, afterwards M.P.
for Salisbury, bought it of Stephen Doddington. His son, Henry Andrews,
sold it in 1753 to Richard Wootton, apothecary, of 8. George, Hanover
Py 9)
614 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, &e.
Square, and Will Kay, of the same place, gentleman, They sold it in 1756
to Thomas Pitt, lst Earl of Londonderry. Ridgeway Pitt dying without
issue in 1765 bequeathed it to his sister, Lady Lucy Pitt, who married
Pierce Meyrick, of Bodorgan, Anglesea, first at the age of 14 at the Fleet,
and afterwards when she grew up. She died )802, and Woodlands came to:
her daughter, Elizabeth, who died unmarried in 1816, when the estate
came by entail to her cousin, Owen Lewis Meyrick, Rector of Holsworthy.
His son, Will. Meyrick, succeeded in 1819, and from him the estate des-
ccnded to Meyrick Bankes, of Winstanley Hall, Wigan, who sold it to the
Rev. F. Meyrick Jones in 1918. The work of restoration since that date is
described in considerable detail, so that the many additions in the shape
of the great carved beam in the chapel, the carved bosses in the roof, the
old doors, hinges, and other old fittings collected from various sources and
fitted to their present places in the house, are easily distinguished from
the original belongings of the building. It is greatly to be wished that all
restorers of old houses would give an equally careful account of their
stewardship. The hall was divided into two stories, and a modern ceiling
hid the fine open roof. The linen fold panels now forming the front of the
gallery were found made into three doors in the house and were replaced in
their old positions. The roof itself has a somewhat unusual feature in the
cusped and carved wind braces. In the chapel the original exterior entrance
has been opened and a small balcony added to replace the head of the stair
which has disappeared. Inside this on the floor is a panel of 13th century
tiles from Stavordale Priory. The Tudor exterior doorway to the room
under the chapel has also been opened with a Hen. VIII. oak framework
from elsewhere fixed outside it, and a portion of the plaster ceiling had
to be replaced. On the east side of the house the poor late 18th century
windows and door have been replaced by 16th and early 17th century win-
dows and a James I. panelled outside door frame. On the south side
Tudor stone windows brought from Chard have been put in on both floors.
The Booke of the Constitutions of the Borough of
Devizes (1628). The chief contents of this finely written and
illuminated Book recently given to the library of the Society at Devizes
Museum, have been carefully transcribed-by Mr. B. H. Cunnington, and
printed in a succession of articles in the Waltshire Gazette from Feb. 7th to
May 15th, 1924. The names of the Mayor and Burgesses at the end of
Elizabeth’s reign, and an account of the illegal annexation of properties be-
longing to the town and their restoration, followed by the terms of a lease
from Q. Elizabeth of the manor and borough to the Mayor and Burgesses
forms the first instalment. Then follows a confirmation of the ordinances
and statutes of the borough as granted by King James, ordinances for the
election of Town Clerk, the Steward and Clerk of the Court of Record, the
company of the Twelve or Common Council, and the Chamberlains with
an account of their duties, orders for the removal of the Mayor or other
officers for misbehaviour, orders for the days of assembly of the Mayor and
Burgesses, for the attendance on the Mayor at the Court of Record and on
fair and market days, an ordinance for the granting of leases of lands, for
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, ce. 615
the keeping of the Common Coffer, for ordering and disposing of orphans
and their goods, for the election of weighers of wool, &c., for the payment
of all reasonable payments and taxations, for standing in the fairs and
markets, for preservation of the King’s peace, ordinances concerning the
setting in of corn, common brewers, innholders, &c., hides and tallow,
against digging of sandpits and sawpits in the borough, for keeping the
streets clean, for restraint of swine, for safe keeping of fire, the loss of
Burgess Freedom, the levying of fines, the alteration of ordinances, the
oaths to be taken by the various officials (Mayor, Town Clerk, Steward and
Clerk of Court of Record, Burgesses, Chamberlains, Constables, Bailiffs,
Sergeants at Mace, Aldermen, Waymen and Surveyors, Scavengers,
Searchers of Flesh and Leather, Weighers of Wool, Aletaster, Bedell, and
Attorney in the Court of Record), ordinances for the election of Mayor and
the Bedell or Common Crier, and a Table of Benefactors to the Borough,
temp. Eliz. & James I., set forth at length, complete the series, [A copy of
these transcripts has been bound up separately and presented to the
Museum Library.}
Through the Window. Paddington to Penzance.
(Cornish Riviera Route.) 300 miles of English country as seen from the
G.W.R. Trains. Issued by the Great Western Railway, Paddington Station,
W. 2. [1924.] 8vo, stiff cover, pp. 127. Of the eight sections of this
guide two—Marlborough Downs and Salisbury Plain, or Hungerford to
Frome, pp. 33 to 48—deal with the Wiltshire part of the line, and include
illustrations of the Marlborough Downs, Westbury White Horse, and
Stonehenge, and nineteen small cuts. There are good sectional plans of
the line, and the letterpress mentioning the various places it passes is quite
adequate for the purpose for which it is designed.
Amesbury, Old and New. Reminiscences and
Reflections by John Soul. Reprinted from the Salisbury. Times,
1923. Pamphlet, 8in. <x 44in., pp. 16.
A very useful and well written little account of the changes in Amesbury
gince the middle of the 19th century, when the women went to work in the
fields in leather ‘‘ Bams,” and “ Lardy Busters” were to be bought in the
shop, and the village altogether was very different from what it is now.
The Bear, and the Chopping Knife Inns, the old Vicarage, where bones
were dug up, showing that the churchyard formerly extended over its site,
the old National and Infant Schools, and John Rose’s Grammar School,
the Round House and the Pound, the Market House, taken down in 1809,
the Fairs on May 17th, June 22nd, Oct. 6th, and the first Wednesday after
Dec. 13th, the “ Chimes House,” which kept in order the old Church Chimes
playing “O worship the King” every three hours, the “ Church Store,”
“ Coldharbour,” the sites of four water mills, and many other matters of
local interest belonging to an age which has entirely passed away, are
mentioned, and the sites of the buildings identified. ‘The history of local
Methodism is touched upon, and it is mentioned that it is proposed to build
a museum in Amesbury to contain local objects of interest.
616 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, &e.
Wulfhall and Great Bedwyn. By J. Lee Osborn, in
Wiltshire Times, Dec. 29th, 1923. A readable article in which the tradition
that the marriage of Hen. VIII. and Jane Seymour took place at Wulthall
is discussed and the various authorities on the matter quoted. The
writer’s conclusion is that it did not take place at Wulfhall, that the formal
betrothal took place on May 20th, and the marriage in London on May 30th,
and that between those dates Henryand Jane visited Wulthall and the ©
festivities in the barn took place.
Dukes of Somerset. A useful list of the fifteen Dukes of
Somerset, with a few particulars about each, by J. Scanes, appears in
Wiltshire Times, Dec. 29th, 1923.
Bratton Sheep in 1605. A number of depositions of shepherds,
labourers, and others, of Westbury and the neighbourhood, taken in 1605 in
an enquiry as to the rights and customs of the Bratton farmers in bringing
their sheep (numbering 400, or 660) down from the downs to water them in
the valley, and pasturing them in Westbury Field, and Lyesfield and
Brembridge, are printed at some length in Weltshire Times, Jan. 12th, 1924.
Chippenham and Melksham Forests, The evidence
given by a number of residents at an enquiry in 1614 as to the feeding of
the King’s deer in these forests is given in Wiltshire. 7'imes, Jan. 12th, 1924.
Weavers’ Riots at Melksham and Chiypenham,
1738. Several letters connected with the attack upon the house of Mr.
Henry Coulthurst, clothier, of Melksham, are printed in Wiltshire Times,
Dec. 29th, 1923.
Southwick Court. The evidence of old inhabitants as to one Sir
Hugh “a morrowe masse priest who used to say morning masse or service
(for high masse hee might not say) in the Chappell neare to the Manor
house or Court of Southwick, and did them great pleasure and ease until hee
ranne away, because he was found in a fault” and took sanctuary at North
Bradley, a little “‘ before the King (Hen. VIII.) went to Bullen ” (Boulogne),
is printed in Wiltshire Times, Dec. 29th, 1923. ‘The chapel is stated to have
been ‘“‘about fortie foote distant from the Moate which boundeth the . . .
Court of Southwick.” After this no other priest said masse in the Chapel.
‘“‘Air Survey and Archeology. By 0.G.S. Craw-
ford. Reprinted from The Geographical Journal for May, 1923.”
Pamphlet, royal 8vo. pp. 342—366, with folding map of the Celtic field
system in central Hampshire as revealed by air photographs. This is a re-_
print of the lecture already noticed at some length in W.A.M., xlii., 393;
394, Dec., 1923. Of the eight air photographs reproduced, Battlesbury and
Scratchbury Camps, and Saxon Lynchets, Middle Hill (Warminster) are |
admirable examples of the value of air photographs in detecting and de- |
picting earthworks. ‘There are also sketch maps of ‘‘ Celtic Villages and
Saxon Villages on Salisbury Plain,” the former lying almost entirely on the
Wiltshire Books, Pamphicts, &e. 617
high ground away from the streams, the latter almost entirely close beside
the rivers. Asan example of the Saxon system which “lasted, without
essential modifications, down to the end of the eighteenth century,” he takes
Calstone as a typical English village and instances two maps preserved at
Bowood and dating between 1713 and 1732, which show the two open fields
still cut up into long narrow strips, “ grouped together in parcels of a fur-
long in length and breadth; these parcels all had names.” “ The strips
each contained an acre or half-an-acre originally, and at Calstone several of
the furlongs originally contained five acres.” A valuable paper.
Notes on Slaughterford. By G. A. H. White. Wiltshire
Gazette, Sept. 6th, 20th, and 27th, 1923. The manor which belonged to
_ Monkton Farleigh Priory was at the dissolution granted to Sir Ed. Seymour,
afterwards Protector and Duke of Somerset, and descended in the Somerset
family to Charles, 6th Duke, ‘‘The Proud Duke,” and his son Algernon,
7th Duke, who died Feb. 7th, 1749—50, without male issue, and the estate
with the title of Earl of Egremont came to his nephew, Sir Charles
Wyndham, Bart. He died Aug. 21st, 1763, and was succeeded as Earl of
Egremont by his eldest son, George O’Brien, Lord Cockermouth, who
dying Nov. 11th, 1837, without issue, the estates descended to his nephew,
Capt. George Wyndham, R.N., who sold 720 acres in Allington, 331 acres in
Slaughterford, and Wickdown Farm, Liddington (743 acres), to Joseph
Neeld, of Grittleton, in 1844. In 1848 Mr. Neeld further bought the
manors of Allington and Slaughterford and other property there including
two paper mills (Weavern’s and Slaughterford). Sir John Neeld sold the
Slaughterford and Biddestone properties to Lord Methuen in 1864, and in
1880 Lord Methuen sold it to the Poynder family, Lord Islington selling it
again in 1918, ‘The last Manor Court recorded was held in 1853.
Slaughterford was one of the chief centres of Quakerism in Wilts, and
many marriages took place in the chapel in the woods south of Slaughter-
ford Mills, which is now falling to ruin, and the Biddestone Church Register
1688—1764, has on the last leaf twelve names of persons “ Buried at ye
Quakers’ Burying Place.” An old house with medieval features on the
N.W. side of Biddestone Green, but in the Manor of Slaughterford, called
“Workmans” is suggested as perhaps the ‘‘ Court House of the Monks” at
Slaughterford mentioned by Canon Jackson. Blankets were made at
Biddestone in the early 19th century, The Lords of the Manor and the
Stewards are given from 1711 to 1853 as well as a selection of entries in the
Court books.
The Man on the Hill. By Anthony Wharton. T. Fisher
Unwin. London. 1923, Or. 8vo, pp. 316. The scene of this novel is
laid at “Mayford,” just under the Danish Camp on the edge of
Salisbury Plain, apparently Bratton. Swindon, Melksham, Salisbury,
Devizes, Bath, &c., appear undisguised, whilst Trowbridge, Westbury, and
Erlestoke, are veiled in the thinnest disguise as “ Crowbridge,” “ Westbridge,”
and “Kings Stoke.” The chief characters are a ‘‘ Crowbridge ” solicitor, a
“Mayford” foundry owner, and their respective wives, and the “ Man on
the Hill,” who camps in a tent under the rampart of the “Danish Camp”’—
618 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, de.
but the scene might just as well have been laid anywhere else so far as real
local colour is concerned. The plot is concerned with the outbreak of
revolution throughout the country following on a general strike, and its
Bolshevist results.
Noticed, Wiltshire Times, Oct. 13th, 1923. A description of ‘“ Mayford”
appears in Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 31st, 1924, as a sort of counterblast to the
account of the place in the novel.
Word of the Earth. By Anthony Richardson.
1923. London. William Heinemann. Cr. 8vo, pp. ix. + 301.
The downs round Marlborough, Barbury, Martinsell, “The Clump,”’ and
Hackpen are the scene in which the seventeen chapters of “talk” (as the
“contents” tell us) of this curious book, which is not a story ora novel, are
laid. They are all called by their names, but Ogbourne St. George is, for
some unknown reason called Wootton Fitz George. The features of the
downland are personified and “ talk.”
Reviewed, Wiltshire Gazette, March 27th, 1924.
Dugdale of Seend. With original illustrations, edited by Arthur
Schomberg. Devizes. G. Simpson & Co. 1924. 5s. 4to, sewn, pp. 24.
A pedigree in Vol. I. of Wilts Notes and Queries, followed by many
Dugdale wills and other deeds, in subsequent volumes, are here collected,
corrected, added to, and published (the last work he did just before his
death) by Arthur Schomberg—with illustrations from pen drawings by
G. E. Alexander, of Seend Head House; Coulston Church (two exterior
views); Mill House, Seend Head ;.and the arms and crest of John Dugdale,
of Clithero.
The Rise and Growth of Nonconformity in West
Wilts, pp. 24 to 35 of “Souvenir of Historical and Missionary Pageant
. + « Trowbridge. Aug. 1st, 1923.” Pamphlet, post 8vo, pp. 48.
A short account of the origin and pedigree of the Baptist, Congregationalist,
and Methodist Chapels in Trowbridge, Westbury, Bradford, Melksham,
Holt, and Warminster. The Baptists trace their origin in a congregation
meeting secretly in Witchpit Wood, on the Cutteridge Estate, Southwick.
There is an illustration of Horningsham Chapel as ‘The Oldest Noncon-
formist Chapel in England.” This statement continues to be made in spite
of the claim of the Baptist Chapel at Eyethorne, Kent, to be its senior by
sixteen years. (See Welts Arch. Mag., xxxix., 421.)
Devizes and District. With the compliments of T. H.S. Ferris,
Auctioneer, &c. [1924.] Pamphlet, oblong, 63in. x 54in., pp. 36.
Good illustrations of The Brittox ; Southbroom from St. James’ Chureh
Tower; The Market Place; Drew’s Pond; Cromwell’s Camp; Hartmoor ;
Quaker’s Walk; St. John’s Church ; The Canal ; Big Lane ; The Bear Hotel.
The letterpress (11 pp.) is a good short description of the town, and its
principal buildings, and attractions. A useful little booklet.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, dc. 619
Tales by an Old Malmesbury Commoner. As told
to Mr. A. Fraser by an old man born in 1779, some 50 years ago. The following
stories are interesting and well told. The hanging on iStanton St. Quintin
Common of the sailor, Bill Jacques, for the murder of his mate, Black Sambo.
The apparition on Malmesbury Common of the Headless Horseman, a soldier
of the Civil Wars who lost his head in a fight round Surrendal Manor.
Dead Man’s Oak, a tree formerly standing in the hedge bounding Charlton
Park on the road from Malmesbury to Crudwell, which was left outside the
park when the present wall was built, civ. 1770, so called because a man
hanged himself on it, has left its name to Deadman’s Bridge, Hill, and
Copse, and two fields known as Upper and Lower Deadmans. ‘The cross
roads known as Five Lanes, was the spot where the lanes from Newnton,
Crudwell, Hankerton, Charlton, and Malmesbury met, but when the park
wall was built the Charlton and Hankerton Roads were joined together, the
course of the old road to Charlton being still visible within the park. At this
point Farmer Gosling, of Hankerton Field Farm was attacked by two high-
waymen on his way home from market, but beat them off. Another excellent
highwayman story is that of an unnamed young farmer, the foundation of
whose fortune was laid by his being robbed of a new coat and a purse
containing two or three guineas, and receiving the highwayman’s old
greasy coat in exchange, in the inside pocket of which he found a wallet
containing nearly £100. Shortly afterwards he sold eight Black Gloucester
heifers to the Duke of Beaufort, who was then forming a herd of Black
Gloucesters at Badminton in order to preserve the breed. Other stories
told by the landlord of the Three Cups Inn, follow in the second series.
Wilts Gazette, Dec. 20th, 1923; March 27th, 1924. Wilts & Gloucestershire
Standard, Dec. 22nd, 1923; March 22nd, 1924.
Holt. Messrs. Beavens Leather and Glove
Factory. The Leather World in 1923 published an article on Messrs.
Beaven’s business, with illustrations, an abstract of which is given in
Wiltshire Gazette, March 20th, 1924. James Beaven founded the business
more than 200 years ago, and it has descended in the family to the present
day. Formerly the wool was sent by wagon to the woollen mills of Yorkshire
whilst the skins were dressed at Holt. This latter side of the business
has much increased of late years, and now includes the manufacture of
Chamois and Suede and other leathers for gloves, upholstering, ladies’ bags,
&ec. Gloves have been made here for at least 150 years, until recently chiefly
of the rougher and heavier varieties, but nowadays the higher classed gloves
are made. About 100 men are employed in the leather dressing branch,
and some 50 women in glove making at the factory, whilst several hundred
women make gloves in their own homes.
Sir Henry Knyvett, d. 1598 (of Charlton). By Ven. Archdeacon
Talbot, D.D. Bristol Dio. Rev., Jan., 1923, pp. 10,11. A useful biograph-
ical essay.
620 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Le.
[Stanton St. Quintin] “‘ The Parish Book.” By Basil
H. A. Hankey. Bristol Dio. Rev., Feb., 1923, p. 35. A useful notice of
the MS. Book of Parish Notes started by Canon Bouverie as Rector in
1876. Many interesting notes on alterations in the Church from 1780 on-
wards, and also in the Rectory, where it is said that panelling from —
Purton Church pulpit and reading desk was inserted in one of the rooms.
It is also noted that skeletons were found in 5a rectory garden under stone
slabs during drainage operations.
Bradford-on-Avon Saxon Church, “A Relic of Early
Christianity,” by Rev. E. J. Matthews. Slight notes, with illustrations, of
“The Bridge Chapel,” “Saxon Church, exterior and interior,” “ Holy
Trinity Church,” and ‘The Tithe Barn.” Zhe Sign, Jan.; 1924, pp. 184,
135.
sir Christopher Wren. By Lucy Phillimore. A good short
biographical note, with portraits, from prints of Chr. Wren, D.D., Dean of
Windsor, Bp. Matthew Wren, and Sir Chr. Wren. Zhe Sign, Feb., 1928,
pp. 22, 23.
Where Traditions Linger, being Rambles through
Remote England. By Allan Fea. London. Eveleigh Nash &
Grayson, Limited, 1923. 8vo. pp. vii. + 308. 32 illusts. Wilts portion;
pp. 84—114, 171— 232.
This is a book of very sketchy recollections of places and buildings
visited in towns from Middlesex through Berks and Hants into Wilts,
Dorset, and Oxon. ‘hree chapters, [V., VII., and VIII., ‘From Hants
across 8. Wilts,” “8S. & S.E. Wilts,” “East Wilts into Berks,” deal with
Wiltshire, and there are illustrations of Salisbury Market Cross ; The Fire-
place at the Green Dragon Inn, Ivychurch; The Wardrobe House in
Salisbury Close; Lake House; W. Amesbury; Countess Bridge and
Lodge, Amesbury ; Addison’s Birthplace at Milston; Figheldean ; Enford;
Gt. Bedwyn, “ Castle Cottage,” Birthplace of Dr. Thos. Willis; Littlecote ; |
and Upham House called King John’s Hunting Lodge, Aldbourne. This |
last is the most valuable as a record, for it gives the front of the house and |
the forecourt and gazebos as they were before the work of re-building and
restoration was undertaken. ‘The principal places touched on are Salisbury
with the Giant and Hob Nob in the Museum, and James II. at the Palace,
Clarendon Park, the Green Dragon Inn at Alderbury, Bemerton, Wilton,
Compton Chamberlayne with its relics and recollections of Col. John
Penruddocke, Barford, Dinton, Teffont, Fonthill and Beckford, Berwick St.
Leonard, East Gaevle Bapaviclk St. jars, Alvediston, Norrington House,
Broad Chalke and Aubrey, Bishopstone Church, Homington and George
Stanley who lived under eight monarchs, Seine, Longford and the
Gorges family, Stratford-sub-Castle Church, Woodford, Heale, Lake, —
Durnford, Amesbury, Figheldean, Netheravon, Enford, Upavon, Manning-
tord, Fyfield Manor, Savernake, Tottenham, Wolfhall, Gt. Bedwyn Church,
Littlecote and the Darell Story, Chilton Foliat Church, Ramsbury Church
and Manor, Aldbourne Church and Upper Upham. $
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, &e. 621
George Moberly, 1803—1885, Bishop of Salis-
bury. An address by Archdeacon Bodington at the Commemoration of
Founders and Benefactors in Salisbury Cathedral in Nov., 1923, is printed at
length in Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, January, 1924, pp.7—11. A very
full and careful analysis and appreciation of Bishop Moberly’s position as
a teacher and administrator, and of the permanent effects of his episcopate
upon the Diocese of Sarum.
The Lure of the Plain, by Margaret K. Swayne Edwards, is
a short article on the charms of Salisbury Plain, and more especially of
Imber, as the typical village of the plain, in Open Air, for January, 1924,
pp. 44—47, with three photos of Imber, one of Berwick St. James (“A
Model Village of the Plain ”), one labelled Great Wishford (which is really,
it appears, Stapleford), and two others, “ Beautiful with wheat” (the old
Devizes Road), and the Bourne at Winterbourne Stoke.
The Sarsen with the ‘‘ Roman Bath” at Temple.
A short readable article, by 8S. E. Winbolt, ‘The Wiltshire Downs in
January, Archeology, Mist, anda Compass,” describes a walk over Hackpen
from Winterbourne Bassett and down to Temple, giving a rather full and
accurate description of the curious artificial “ bath”’ in the big sarsen there,
without throwing any further light on its date—Roman, Medieval, or
’ Modern? Here the walker was caught in the mist, and describes the
sensations consequent thereon, whilst he was walking six miles to get to
Avebury, only three miles away.
Qld Tobacco Pipes found at Warminster. ‘The
Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 20th, 1923, reprints from the Warminster and
Westbury Journal an article by Mr. J. Scanes, on the recent unearthing of
several hundred early 17th century tobacco pipes during excavations for a
petro] tank at Mr. Tanswell’s motor works at Hatch or Hatchet Corner, in
the Market Place, Warminster. A careful examination of the spot has not
revealed any traces of a factory. A great many pipesstill remain buried. Mr.
Scanes examined about one hundred of those found. He believes that they
represent a trader's dead stock in trade, which had been a glut in consequence
of legislation of 1643 and the Civil War. Of the hundred pipes examined
seventy-nine had flattened heels, sixteen of them being plain, whilst the
remaining sixty-two bear the impression of a gauntlet, the trade mark of
Gauntlet, Pipe Maker, of Amesbury, whilst one has the letters E. L.
Nineteen have short tips like modern Churchwarden’s pipes.
Neale Portraits. Robert Neale (I.) came from Yeate to Corsham
cir. 1700, and married Sarah Arnold, a cousin of Sir Will. Gibbons, Bart.,
Speaker of the Assembly in Barbadoes. Neale amassed a large fortune as
a clothier. His son, Robert (II.) married Elizabeth, d. of ‘Thomas Smith,
of Shaw House, Melksham, twice M.P. for Wootton Bassett, 1741 and 1744.
His eldest son, Robert Neale (III.), of Shaw House, J.P., D.L, left no
male heirs. His elder daughter, Grace Elizabeth, Lady-in-Waiting to
622 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, ce.
@. Charlotte, married, 1795, Admiral Sir Harry Burrard, who took the
additional name and arms of Neale, though the property on the death of
his wife without issue reverted to a younger branch of the Neales of Yeate.
Portraits of James Neale, of Corsham, of Sarah, wife of Robert Neale,
senior, of Corsham, of Robert Neale, senior, of Corsham, and of Robert
Neale, junior, of Corsham, all by Will Jones, civ. 1726, and one by Thomas
Worlidge, cir. 1757, of Robert Neale, junior, of Corsham, M.P., are given
in “Notes on Two Mid-Eighteenth Century Portrait Painters: William
Jones and Thomas Worlidge,” by C. H. Collins Baber. Connoisseur, Jan.,
1924, pp. 183—16.
The Diary of Lady Anne Clifford, with an intro-
ductory note by V. Sackville West. Will. Heinemann. Ltd.
1923. ‘7s. 6d. net.
The diarist was only daughter and heiress of George, third Earl of
Cumberland. She was born 1590 and died 1676, surviving both her
husbands, Richard Sackville, third Earl of Dorset, and Philip Herbert,
Karl of Pembroke. The diary begins in 1603, breaks off, and begins again
1616, continuing to the end of 1619. It is prefaced by a good biographical -
sketch of Lady Anne’s career.
Great Snowstorm of 1776. The Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 24th,
1924, has some account of the great snowstorm of Jan. 7th and 11th, 1776, the
greatest since that of 1739-40. The coaches everywhere were days late, or
altogether stopped. The Thames was frozen over. On the 11th, out of
six Bath coaches due in London, only one arrived next day drawn by
fourteen horses. The snow was 8ft. deep at Marlborough. Two wagons
from Bristol passed through Bath drawn by twelve and seventeen horses
respectively, but they had to be abandoned at Chippenham. The Marl-
borough and Beckhampton Inns were full to overflowing of snowed-up
passengers. Near Marlborough an emergency track five miles long, of which
half-a-mile was on the river, was made to reach the highway at Overton.
Swindon, visit of their Majesties the King and
Queen to, April 28th, 1924. Authorised programme. Price
Sixpence. Pamphlet, royal 8vo. pp. 15. This contains the official time
table with short letterpress on the War Record, Victoria Hospital, the
Borough, the Works, and development of the G.W.R. Mechanics Institu-
tion, Medical Fund Society ; with portraits of the King and Queen ; Alder-
man T.C. Newman, Mayor, and C. B. Collett, chief mechanical engineer ;
and good illustrations of the Town Hall, Cenotaph, entrance to Victoria
Hospital, two views of the Works from the air, Dispensary G.W.R. Medical
Fund Society, Mechanics’ Institution, six plates of engines and carriages
and interiors of the G.W.R. Polishing Shop, and Laundry, with a folding
plan of the Works.
Recollections of Village Life on Salisbury Plain.
By Rev. F.. Raikes, Rector of Bishopstone. Pamphlet,
8vo. pp. 138. Price 1/-.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, &c, 623
The author, who was Rector of Figheldean from 1879 to 1895, jots down
in these pages short notes and recollections of events at Netheravon and
Figheldean during the earlier years of his life there, including some quite
good stories.
Athelstan. A Pageant Play. By M. L. Kerry and P.N.
Maby. As performed by pupils of the County Secondary School, Malmes-
bury, for the Athelstan Millenary Celebrations, 1924. Malmesbury.
Pamphlet 8vo., pp. 35. The scenes are laid at the Guest House of Malmes-
bury Abbey ; a Camp near Salisbury ; the Market Place, Kingston-on-
Thames; a Camp near Brunanburgh ; and Athelstan’s Palace by King’s
Wall, Malmesbury.
“Lacock and London.” Article in Open Air (magazine), vol.
II., Feb., 1924. pp. 1—69. By C.H. With good illustrations of “ the
wide street of Lacock with the George Inn,” “ Lacock Abbey from the
fish ponds,” ‘‘Chimney and the Tower,” “‘ A Medizeval Shop by the Church-
yard,” “A Fourteenth Century House,” ‘“‘ Doorway to the Old Angel,”
“Kitchen at the Old Angel,’ ‘“ Turnspit Wheel at the Old George,”
* Heraldic Helmet from the Church.”
The Medlicotts of Potterne. Memorial inthe Church A
remarkable eulogy of a remarkable family, delivered by Lord Long of
Wraxall, at the unveiling of the mural monument to Henry Edmondstone
Medlicott, his wife, their two sons, and daughter, is printed in full in
Wiltshire Gazette, July 10th, 1924.
Richard Jefferies. By G. R. Stirling Taylor. Nineteenth
Century, April and May, 1924.
Letters of Stephen Reynolds, edited by Harold
Wright. Published by Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth
Press, Richmond, 1923. 8vo. pp. xxvi + 346. Eight portraits (four of
Stephen Reynolds).
The letters are almost all from Sidmouth, dealing with his writings and
fishermen and fisheries.
The Life of William Hazlitt. By P. P. Howe. London.
Martin Secker, No. 5, John Street, Adelphi. [1922.] 8vo. pp. ix.
+ 476. 24/-net. Four portraits and death mask of Hazlitt, and portrait
of Charles Lamb. Long review in Spectator, Oct. 21st, 1922.
The Will of Robert Painter, of S. Wraxall, March 7th, 1581,
is printed in Wiltshire Times, May 3rd, 1928.
Grey Wethers. A Romantic Novel. By V. Sackville
West. London: W. Heinemann, Ltd. [1923.]
Cr. 8vo., pp. 306. The scene is laid about 50 years ago at Kings Avon,
which apparently is Avebury. The scouring of the White Horse, presum-
ably that at Broad Hinton, is one of the chief incidents in the story.
Marlborough and the Downs, and the Grey Wethers are much in evidence,
624 Wultshire Boots, Pamphlets, ce,
but otherwise there is not much genuine local colour. The speech and
ways of thonght of the people of Kings Avon are not those of N. Wilts
either 50 years ago or now.
The Wiltshire School of Cookery and Domestic
Economy (at Trowbridge). An article in the Queen, reprinted
in Wiltshire Times, Oct. 20th, 1923, with three illustrations, describes the
work done at this excellent “‘ Training School for Mistresses and Maids.”
At present two large houses are occupied, one by girls in training for
domestic service, the other by ladies who wish to take a course in domestic
economy, under the principal, Miss Hay.
Malmesbury Tales and Legends are continued by Mr.
A. Fraser in Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard, March 22nd, 1924. ‘Tales
told by Mr. Clark, landlord of the Three Cups Inn, and the story of Polly
Hatton, afterwards wife of Will. Hickson, and Coleman, the Shoemaker, of
Colerne, are included. Katifer Lane is named from the cloth pressing
carried on there, and Blanchard’s Green is the Green of the “ Blanchers,” or
Whiteners. |
The Sheermen’s Riots at Trowbridge, 1802. |
The Wiltshire Times, Sept. 8th, gave illustrations of the implement used by —
the ‘“‘Sheermen ” in dressing the cloth (examples of which are to be seen in
Devizes Museum) and of the tomb, in Trowbridge Churchyard, of Thomas
Helliker, who was executed at Salisbury for being concerned in the burning
of Littleton Mill, the property of Mr. Naish, on July 21st, 1802. It was
proved afterwards that he was innocent. In the issue of Sept. 22nd, a
number of letters copied from the Home Secretary’s (Lord Pelham) Letter
Book are printed in reference to the measures taken by the Government
against the rioters.
Cracks with Wiltshire Farmers. Descriptions of Repre-
sentative Farms, by “Cross Fleury,” in Weltshire Gazette, April 26th, May
3rd, 10th, and 17th, 1923. Bradenstoke Abbey (Mr. H. Lushington Storey),
Horton House, near Devizes (Mr. Fred. Greader), and Bishops Cannings
Manor Farm (Mr. A. J. Combes), are dealt with.
Devizes, St. Mary’s Church, Repair of the Roof.
' The Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 11th, 1923, has a report of the work already
begun on the roof, which was found on the removal of the lead to be ina
dangerous condition, and of the steps necessary to secure its safety, which
are estimated to cost £2000, and an appeal for help towards this is appended.
The work is in the hands of Mr. H. Brakspear, F.8.A.
Beckhampton—Devizes Road. Article by W. H. Johnson,
‘An April Week End,” describes the snowing up of many motors on the
road near Shepherd’s Shore on April Ist, 1922, with two photographs of
motors in the snow. Country Life, April 15th, 1922, pp. lviii.—lx.
625
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum.
Presented by Mr. J. O. A. ARKELL: A collection of varieties of several
species of Helax from Wilts, Dorset, &c. A specimen
of the var. Schmidtic of the Small Copper Butterfly.
Cinerary urn and flint knife from barrow at Potterne, placed in the Museum
by permission of Mr. W. Srymour, through Carr. and
Mrs. B. H. CunNINGTON.
Library.
Presented by Mr. G. Lanspown: “Stonehenge. Ten Illustrations.
)
99
19
99
Price Sixpence.” 1924.
. O. G. 8. CrawrForp, F.S8.A.: Two photos of drawing
of River Avon above Amesbury, in flood, and in normal
condition. ‘Two photos of old maps of Manningford
and Shaw Farm.
Mr. A. W. Marks: Old deed, concerning Steeple Ashton.
THE
AUTHOR, CANON FLETCHER: “Thomas Bennet, LL.D.,
Chancellor of the Diocese and Precentor of Salisbury
Cathedral.” Pamphlet, 1924. Notes on the Cathedral
Church of Salisbury, 2nd Edition, 1924. The Tree
of Jesse, Sermon preached in Salisbury Cathedral,
Cart. B. H. Cunnineton: A special reprint of the ‘‘ Con-
stitutions of Devizes,” bound. Old map of Shaw Farm,
Overton. Old map of Worton Estate. Old map of
Lanes, &c., between Potterne and Worton.
Rev. E.H.Gopparp: Le Neve’s “ Fasti Ecclesiz Anglicanee,
continued, by T. D. Hardy. 1854. Three vols.
Bequeathed by the late Mr. A. ScuomBere : Dingley’s History from Marble,
two vols. Symonds, Diary. Wiltshire Fellows and
Scholars of Winchester College. MS. Visitation of
Wilts, 1623, with many MS. additions. The Genealo-
gist’s Guide to Printed Pedigrees by G. W. Marshall.
Two editions. Rietstap’s Armorial Général. The
Visitation of London, 1633, 34, 35, by Sir H. and Sir R.
St. George. 1880. Two'vols. Visitations of Somerset,
1531 and 1575, with additional pedigrees, by F. W.
Weaver. 1885. Visitation of Middlesex, 1663, by
W. Ryley, and H. Dethick. 1887. London Marriage
Licenses, 1521—1869, by Joseph Foster. 1887.
626 Additions to Museum and Library.
Presented by Mr. H. Messencer: Large photographs of the “Doom” at
St. Thomas’ Church, Salisbury, and the Cathedral copy
of Magna Charta.
is » LHEAvtHOR, Mr.G.A. H. Warts: ‘‘ Chippenham in Bygone
Days.” 1924.
3 » Mr. J. J. Suape: Hight Wilts Estate Sale Catalogues,
pamphlets, &c.
e » Mr. W. R. SupweEexs: “The Bear Hotel, Devizes, and its
History.”
. » JHE AutTHoR, Mr. AtBANy F. Magor: ‘Ship Burials in
Scandinavian lands and the beliefs that underlie them.”
Reprint from Yolk Lore. 1924.
- » Rev S. Firman: Old Map of Wilts Roads.
si » tHE AutTHoR, Miss M. K. Swayne Epwarps: ‘“ Ready to
Hand,” article in Open Air. Two Wilts Photographs.
is » Mr. E. C. SEWELL: Photos of Roman Monument, Cirencester.
i » F. STEVENS: Report of Salisbury Museum, 1923—4.
3 » CHE AutHor, Mr. E. H. Stons, F.S.A.: “The Stones of
Stonehenge.” 1924. ‘* Archeologia,” Vol. 73. ,
Photograph of print.
Mr. R. 8. Newatt, F.S.A.: Drawings of Bronze Implements
in Blackmore Museum.
Errata in Vol. xlii.
87, |. 3, for Giffard read Gifford.
73, 1. 18 from bottom, for 1922 read 1921.
15, 1. 13 from bottom, for Robert James read Robert Jenner.
77, 1. 12 from bottom, for Arnold Foster read Arnold Forster.
273, 1. 13 from bottom, for R. W. Bradford read B. W. Bradford.
413, 1. 7 from bottom, before Old Town Hall read Chippenham.
© eee S'S
627
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
[December, 1922, No. 137, to December, 1924, No. 141.]
Abercarn (Mon.) 506. |
Abraham, Ashley, 245. Geo.,
244, 245, Geo. Perry, photo-
grapher, obit., 244, 245; port.,
420,
Achsah (Christian name), 221,
Acorman, John, robbed, 103.
A’Court, Hon. Betty Holmes, port.,
420—422, Hon. Charles
Holmes, obit. 243. Hon.
C. G. Holmes, obit., 507.
Hon. W. L., 248.
Adam Brothers, plans for Bowood,
22.
Adam’s Grave (Alton Priors), =
Woden’s Barrow, site of Battles
of Wodnesbeorh, 515.
Adams, Dr. A., 161. J. H., 164.
Mary, w. of Edward, 584.
Thomas, 525. W. Mau-
rice, 96; gift, 273; ‘“ Wolfhall
memories” noticed, 387—889.
_Adcock, F., 410.
Adden Hill, 61.
Addington, Eleanor, d. of Anthony,
100. Joseph, port., 424.
Rt. Hon. Hen. M.P., Ld. Sid-
mouth, 135; builds Devizes
Market Cross, 100. Rev. W.
R. F., note, 79. :
Adeane, Helen (Lady Folkestone),
port., 421— 428.
Adee, Nich., 16.
Aden Deal, 61.
Adlam, Thos., 223.
Advisory Committees for Bristol
and Salisbury Dioceses, 66, 348.
Aethelferth’s Stone, site of, 57.
Agaricus, species, 255.
“ Agriculture, in ancient Wilts, air
photography, Celtic and Saxon
systems,” by O. G. S. Crawford,
noticed, 398, 394 ; Celtic system,
617; Saxon lynchets and open
field system, 394.
Agrimonia, 155.
Aigburth (Lancs.), 506.
Ailesbury, Earl of, builds column
at Savernake, 116; owns Wolf-
hall, 388.
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXLI.
Alilesbury, Marquis of, 352, 500;
plants trees, 592, 593 ; port., 428.
Ailsa Craig, erratic boulders from
Pembrokeshire, 335.
Air Photographs of Stonehenge
Avenue, 405, 520, 521.
“ Air Survey and Archeology,’ by
O. G. 8. Crawford, noticed, 616.
Aires, Mark, 557.
Ajuga, var., 160.
Akerman, Squire, s. of Moses, 257.
Rob., 357.
Aland, Edw., 358.
Aldbourne, Cathangers, 585.
Chantry House given for upkeep
of Baydon Church, 586, 587.
Chase bought by Sir W. Jones,
584; distinct from ‘“ Warren,”
577, 586; inclosed, 583; position
of, 585; Ranger and Keeper of,
Office of, 576, 584, 585; Report
on Woods in, 585, 586,
Church, C. E. Ponting on,
561—566, 620; illust., 115;
Bells, :Pre-Reformation, 564;
Brasses, Hen. Frekylton, 564,
566 ; Rich. Goddard, 564 ; Chan-
try, 586; Incised Slab, 448,
566; Monuments, Thomas God-
dard, 443, 566; Richard King,
584; Will. Walronde, 566; Notes
on, by Sir S. Glynne, 1858,
442,443; Organ, 442; Pulpit
from Speen Ch., (2) 556 ; Restor-
ation. 562; Screen, 563 ; Tower,
pinnacles never completed, 564,
565; Upham Aisle, 5&8 ; Visited,
351. Coney Warren, descent
of, 578. Corr family, bell-
founders, 580. Cowcroft, 585.
Cross, illust., 115. Deer
Lodge, 584. Duchy of Lan-
caster Property and Rents, 576,
583, 584. East Leeke Farm,
580. Ewen’s Hill enclosed,
583. Heydon Farm, 583.
Hillwood Coppice, 584, 586.
Inclosure Act, Gravel pits and
Furze for Poor. 583. Iron ob-
jects from Hillwood in Coniston
a Ul
628 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Museum,75. Manor, Chase
and Warren, by J. Sadler,
576—587 ;: held by City of
London, 576 ; by Thomas Bond,
577, 579 ; by John Hancock, 582 ;
Rents paid for, 578; “ Lyes,” 583;
Middleridge Coppice, 585 ; Mill-
way Hill, 585; Parkersnapp
[Snape Parke, Parkesnapp], 584
—586; Priors Wood, 585; Pick-
wood, 578 ; Rosefield, 585; Round
Hill, 585; Snapp Common and
Park, 585; Snapp lands, descent
of 576, 578, 579, 581—583 ; South
Wood Common, 583; Standen’s
Coppice, value of, 585, 586;
Warren, action concerning, 1677,
576; Dudmore Walk, 584; Right
of Pasture on, 583; Witchell,
Upper, value of, 585, 586.
Neolithic Flints, 43. Tithes,
Registers, List of Occupiers, MS.
notes on, 594. Upham Hill
inclosed, 583; Upham Manor,
descent of, 102, 578—583.
Whore Thornes, 585. Work-
house, Act to provide, 583.
Alcock, Dr. Charles, obit., 378.
Gwen., port, 423. Rev. J. C.,
378.
Alderbury, Eoliths, 120. Green
Dragon Inn, 620; not the ‘‘ Blue
Dragon” of Dickens, 378.
Aldborough (Suff.), 503.
Alderton, Hunt Races illust., 416.
Alexander, G. E., drawings, 618.
Thos., robbed, 897.
Alexandria, bombarded, 83.
Alford, Job & Mrs., 420.
Alfred, (King),Tradition of Battles
with Danes, 257.
Alienation Office, 579.
Alisma, var., 163.
All Cannings Cross Farm, Early
Iron Age Village Site, Hallstatt
period, 60, 134, 462 ; Coll. given
to Museum, 40; Date of, 118,
369 ; Excavations, 41,347; Book
and articles by Mrs. Cunnington
noticed, 117—119, 511—514.
Settlement of new people, 118.
Animal remains, 492; Ox-
horn cores, 471; Polled Ox, 518 ;
Red Deer scarce, 513. Bone
Awls, 481 ; Objects of unknown
use, 481; Pointed Implements,
goads (7), 513; Rib Knives, 513;
Spindle Whorls, 489; Weaving |)
Combs, 513. Bronze Razor & |
Socketed Celt, 512. Holm |
Oak charcoal, 612. Huts,
rectangular, 512. Iron Brooch,
69. Tron pin, swan necked,
Hallstatt, 5138; Thistle-headed
pin, 483, 513. Tron ore from
Seend used, 479, 512. La |
Tene I. Brooches & Ring-headed |
Pins, 512,513. Loom Weights, |
method of hanging, 485, 513.
‘““Mullers” or Hammerstones,
great numbers, 119, 462, 514.
Pits, storage, with clay covers,
HilDs Billede Pot boilers absent,
462. Pottery, 474—476 ;
Ball, 484; Finger-tip ornament,
age of, 513; Hallstatt, 473, 492 ;
made of Kim. Clay, 512, 513.
All Cannings Green House, illust.,
417.
Alleyne, Rebecca, 112.
Allington (Chippenham), bought
by J. Neeld, 617. Chapel,
589. Revel, date of, 589.
Allington (Tan Hill) Gold Torque,
347,
Allium, species, 162.
Allsopp, Dr., cuts White Horse,
25,
Alma, battle of, 608.
Almshouses, see Froxfield. |
Alpha & Omega as Cabalistic
signs, 246, 247. 4
““ Alders” [Alders Lea], field name, —
ol.
“Arles” [Alrichelie], field name, —
ol a
Alston, Madeline, writings, 85.
‘Alton Barnes, boundaries altered,
515. Hanging Stone, 75.
MS. notes, by W. H. Jones, 133.
White Horse, illust., 523.
See also Milk Hill.
Alton Priors, A. S. Charter, 95,
515. Boundaries altered,
515. “Broadwell,” 95.
Ridgeway in charter, 515.
Wodens Barrow, 95, 515.
Alvediston, 620.
Alwinus holds Wolfhall, 388.
Amanita, species, poisonous, 543,
552—555.
Amanitopsis, species, 553.
Amara (Irak) Pit dwellings, 460.
Ambrose, Rev. A. G., port., 420.
SS ——
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 629
Amelia (Princess), 387.
Amesbury, 233, 620.
River in flood, illust., 625.
Barrows, Incense Cup, 424;
Coneyborough Hill Barrow,
Bronze Implement, 602; Disc
Barrows excavated, 406; King
Barrows, old and new, 405, 406,
521; Bronze Dagger, illust., 601
— 603. Bear Inn, 615,
Bronze Celt, 424. ‘““ Chimes
House,” 615. Chopping Knife
Inn, 615. Church, 1824,
Sir S. Glynne on, 167,168:
Brass, 168 ;' Chimes, 615; Plate
given by J. Rose, 253; Store,
615. Coldharbour, 615.
Cottages, experimental, illust.,
417, 418. Countess Bridge
and Lodge, illust., 620. Fairs,
dates of, 615. Gauntletts,
pipe makers, 621. George
Inn, Dickens’ “ Blue Dragon,”
398, Grammar School founded
Avon
by J. Rose, 258, 615. Market
House destroyed, 615, Meth-
odists, Hist. of, 615. Mey-
rick’s School, 518. Military
Féte, illust., 416. Mills, old,
615. Museum proposed, 615.
Ratfyn, avenue, 521.
‘**Reminiscences,” by J. Soul,
noticed, 615. Round House,
& Pound, 615. Vicarage, old,
bones found, 615.
Amesbury, Little, Bronze Celt, 75.
Amesbury, West, 602 ; illust., 620 ;
Manor, course of avenue, 521.
Amoatful, battle of, 83.
Amor executed, 397.
Anagallis, species, 158.
Andover, 239. “ District: ac-
count of Sheet 283 of O. Map,”
by O. G. 8S. Crawford, noticed,
261, 262.
Andrew, W. J., note, 247.
Andrews, C. W., 218. Henry,
613. Sir Matt. owned Wood-
lands, 613. Will., 108.
Anellaria, species, 547.
Angell family owned Rumsey
mises Calne, 32. (Farmer),
3.
Angell-Smith, Rev. Reg. W. A.,
obit., 378.
Anglesey, glaciated, 335.
Anglesey, Karl of, 31.
Anglo-Saxon boundaries, 262.
Animals’ Bones, Iron Age, All
Cannings Cross, 118; Battles-
bury Pits, 373; Fifield Bavant
Pits, J. W. Jackson on, 492,
493. Gnawed by dogs, 469.
Dog, All Cannings & Fifield
Bavant, 493, 513. Fox,
Fifield Bavant, 492, 493.
Goat, All Cannings & Fifield
Bavant, 493, 513. Horse,
Celtic Pony, All Cannings &
Fyfield Bovant, 461, 469, 492 ;
Eaten in Early Iron Age, 461.
Ox, Bos longifrons, All Cannings,
492, 513; Fifield Bavant, 461,
469; Glastonbury, 513 ; Rushall,
228. Ox, Polled, All Cannings,
513. Pig, All Cannings,
Fifield Bavant & Rushall, 228,
461, 469, 493. Polecat, Fifield
Bavant, 492, 493. Red Deer,
scarce at All Cannings, 492, 513;
Rushall, 228. Roe Deer, All
Cannings, 513. Sheep, All
Cannings, Fifield Bavant, Glas-
tonbury, Rushall, 228, 461, 467,
469, 493, 513. Water Vole,
Fifield Bavant, 492, 493.
Weasel, Fifield Bavant, 492, 493.
Anne (Queen), on brass, 440.
Anstie, Ben., 232. Kdmond G.,
232. E. Louis, 232.
Ansty, Barrow unrecorded, 598.
Church, acct. of, noticed,
127; Chancel used by Knights (?)
128; Restoration, 128. Com-
mandery, Guest House, 127, 128.
Living a Donative, 128.
Stone, 570.
Antennaria species, 80.
Anthony, Dan., 108.
Apethorp (Northants),
piece, 269.
Apprentice sold to plantations,
224.
Aquilegia, species, 153.
Arabis, species, 154.
Arbor Low (Derbys.) Circle, 394.
Archard, Will., 223.
Archer, John, acct. of, noticed, 257.
Architecture, Chequered flint and
stone work, Aldbourne, 564.
Gothic Revival, Lacock Abbey,
269. Oyster shells in joints
of Church work, 574. Pan-
elled arches common in Som. &
Dei ae
chimney
630 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Devon, 564. Towers added to
Churches in 15th century, 565.
Renaissance, influence of
W. Sharington, 269.
Arctium, species, 157.
Arenig Mts. Glaciers, 335.
Arkell, Rev. John, obit., 244.
Thomas, 244. W.J.on High-
worth Insects, 80, 81.
Armada, The, 259.
Armagh, Book of, 242.
Armillaria, species, 543.
Armin, F. G. H., gift, 355.
Armorican peninsula, uninhabited
in Neolithic days, 592.
Armour, Helmets, Bromham Ch.,
178. Longbridge Deverell
Ch., 122. Wilton House, sold,
illust., 415. See also Wilton
House.
Armour, G. D., writings, 409.
Arnold, Dr., of Rugby, 383.
Mr., 227. Sarah, 621.
Arnold-Forster, Mrs. Hugh, port.,
421. W. E., 77, 399.
Arras (Yorks), square tumulus, 60.
Arthonia, species, 8, 480.
Arthopyrenia, species, 1, 9, 430.
Artois, Compte de, 27.
ea Eliz., centenarian, port.,
0.
Arundell family vault, Tisbury,
297. Lady Blanche defends
Wardour, 122. Edgar Clifford,
14th Baron, obit., 84. Eliz.,
centenarian, port., 420.
Gerald A., 15th Baron, 84.
Matt., buys Ansty, 128.
Theodore, 84.
Ash in Early Iron Age, 461.
No ‘Katt Keys” on ash trees,
1794, 104,
Ashdown Park, Pyx at, 362.
Ashmolean Museum, Wilts objects,
602.
Ashton Keynes, 414, 428.
Church,1870, SirS. Glynne
on,168,169 ; Reredos in Rood
Loft, 168.
Asplenium, species, 165.
Asserton (Berwick St. James),
Kstate Map, 425. MS. Notes,
595.
Assouan (Egypt) Obelisks cut out
with stone mullers, 253, 593.
Asten, Jeremiah, 223.
Aston, Basil, 510. Cyril, 510,
K. A. H., obit., 510.
Major-Gen. Sir Geo., writings
noticed, 181, 182, 410, 411. ©
Noel, 510.
Athelstan (King), 71. Millenary
celebration, Malmesbury, 623.
Athyrium, species, 165.
Attwater, Thos. & Mary Ann, 243.
Will., obit., 243. Will.,
(II.), 243.
Atworth Chapel, 101. War
Memorial, illust., 412.
Aubrey, John, 620.
Audlem (Ches.) Ch., Dedication &
date of Wake, 590.
Audley, Bp., Tomb in Salisbury
Cath., 287. Lord, MS. ac-
counts of Wilts estates, 361.
James, Lord Audley, Earl of
Castlehaven, 38. Family,
property at Bowood, 38.
Aulnage, defined, 537.
Austin, John, port., 420.
Australian Nat. Gallery, 507.
Avebrick Farm (nr. Pewsey), de-
rivation, 517. White Swal-
lows, 79.
Avebury, 81, 97, 322, 621. Ii-
lust., 611. =“ Kings Avon”
in novel, 623. Barrows near,
unrecorded, dzc., 50, 52, 53, 61, 62.
Beckhampton Avenue, evi-
dence of Stukeley’s drawings, 43,
ie “ Blue Stone” fragment
found, 120. Bournemead, 58.
Bray Street, 58. Centre
of Flint manufacture, 93.
Centre of Green Roads, 612.
Church, 1850, Sir S, Glynne
_ on, 169,170; ClerestorySaxon
Windows found, 116; Font,
illust., 170, 412; Illust., 115;
Rood loft, 65, 169. Circles,
394 ; illusts., 380, Ditch,a wet
fosse, 217, 381 ; A. D. Passmore
on, noticed, 46, 121, 135.
Down, ancient ponds, 56 ; Barn,
55; Diminutive Cromlech, 55:
“Hollow ways” traced, 56 ; small
stone circle, 55 plan, 366,
Eneolithicage of,592. _Koliths,
120. Excavations by H. St.
G. Gray, 41, 121, 135.
Falkner’s stone circle, 50.
Field work round Avebury,
1921, by O. G. S. Crawford,
52—63. Herepath, 57, 516.
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 631
Horslip Bridge, 53, 58.
Kennet Avenue, Bend in, 52;
Buried Stones uncovered, 51;
Plans by Stukeley, 43. Ken-
net River, Swallow Head
Springs, 58. Little Whyr
field, 359. Longstone Cove
a separate circle, 395; Three
stones shown by Stukeley, 43.
Manor House, illusts., 130,
412. Penning Barn, 52,
Pennings circle, Samian pottery,
56. Plan intended as Bull’s
Horns, 591. Ploughing match
illust., 413. Sambourne
Ground, 58. Sarsen Stones
near, 51, 437. Serpent wor-
ship, 520, 591. Street illust.,
412, Stones illust., 115.
“Temple at Avebury and its.
Gods,” by Chr. Harvey, noticed,
380, 381. Temple of Baal and
Ashtoreth, 380. Terriers,
Tithe Award, MS. notes on, 594.
Tithe Map, 52. Trusloe,
52; Manor, 121 ; Roman pave-
ment found, E. H. Goddard
on, figs.. 359—361. Vallum,
Buck’s horns, &c., found on site
of, 380. Visited, 180.
Waden Hill, 53; ‘‘ Windmill
Boll,” Barrow on,61,63; Waden’s
Penning, 61. Water level of
R. Kennet, 121. Westbrook
Farm, 58. Windmill Hill,
359; Circular Bank and Barrows,
62; Ditch excavated, 347 ; Flint
Factory, 43, 62; Age of, 270;
Arrowheads and _ Fabricators,
424; Scraper Cores, 270; Neo-
lithic pottery, 513; Occurrence
of name round Avebury, 62;
Trackway and roads, age of, 56,
57, 393. |
Avebury, Lord, 217, 339.
Avington, 595.
Avon Rivers (Bristol or Salisbury),
StonehengeStones brought up(?),
336, 405, 406, 521. Fishing
arts., noticed, 132.
Avon Vale Coursing Club illust,
416. Hunt, illusts., 104, 411,
412, 416.
Awdry, Major C.8S., Memorial, 413.
Axe River, Roman Road from Old
Sarum, 94.
Axe, Arthur, 103.
Axford, 403. Manor, 584.
Aylesbury, Late Celtic Pottery, 473.
Ayscough, Bp., 126. “ John,”
writings, 407.
Baalbec ‘Temple, 381.
Baber, C. H. C., writings, 622.
Bacchus, D., writings. 402, 426.
Bachelors and Widowers, Taxed,
220,
“ Backer,” in Cloth trade, 222,
Bacon Hill(Beacon or Bagdon Hill),
old course of Bath Rd., 387.
Bacon, Sir Francis, trial, 107.
Badbury (Chisldon), A.S. Charter,
516. Roman Road, 94.
Badminton, 822, 619.
Baeomyces, species, 8.
Bagdon Hill, Old Bath Road, 387,
597.
Bagshot, Lichens and Plants, 8,154.
** Bailiff’s Daughter,” song, 280,
Bailey, Capt., deserts Sir Walter
Raleigh, 123. Edwin, 317.
Hen. holds Calstone Manor
Farm, 31. John and Mary,
Brass, Preshute Church, 282.
Baines, J. W., writings, 382, 426,
Bainton, 224.
Baker, Frances E., 596 ; writings,
134, 409.
Balaclava, battle, 608.
Balch, Mr., 487.
Baldham (Keevil), Bayley family,
101.
Baldwin, Adye, 16, 17. Eliz., 17.
Ball, Alfred, port., 422.
Bambridge, Will., 243. W.S.,
obit., 243; port., 421.
Bampton, John, 312.
Bams (Leggings), 615.
Banbury, Sir Fred., port., 422.
Bancroft, John & Mrs., ports., 420.
Bank of England, 33.
Bankes, Mrs., 109. Meyrick,
owns Woodlands, 109, 614,
Banks, John, 87.
‘“ Banner ” in cloth trade, 222.
Banning family, MS. Notes on,
594. Lt.-Col. S. T., gifts,
425, 594.
Barbadoes, 621.
‘“‘ Barbara Allen,” song, 380.
Barberry, 153.
Barbury Castle Camp, 94, 618.
Ridgeway, 94, 96.
Barclay, Edgar, on Stonehenge,
330, 336,
632 INDEX TO VOL, XLII.
Barencs, Eliz., 223.
Barford, 620.
97.
Barford, Kate E., The West
of England Cloth Industry.
A 17th cent. experiment in
State Control, 513—542.
Baring, Sir Francis, 34.
Barking, Ist Bp. of, 403.
Barley (H. hexastichum type).
Fifield Bavant Pits, jigd., 494.
“ Barley Chumper,” use of, 133.
Barlye, Ben., 586.
Barnard, Joseph, writings, 410.
Barnesley (Gloucs.), 114.
Barnewell, Rev. E. L., obit., 606.
Barns, Lacock, 385. Studley, 32.
Barrass, Hen., Printer, 241.
Barrett, W. H., gifts, 355, 356, 425,
556, :
Barrow Green (Surrey), 581.
Barrows, see Amesbury, Avebury,
Bishops Cannings, Bowood.
Buxbury Hill, Crosby Garrett,
Kermario (Brittany), Lidding-
ton, Manton, Upton Lovell.
Avoided by ditches, 394.
Chambered, see Wayland’s
Smithy; West Woods. Long
Barrows, see Adam’s Grave;
Avebury ; Beckhaimpton ; Boles
Barrow ; Buxbury ; Oxenwood ;
Tidcombe ; West Woods; Wex-
combe. Ox skulls in, 433.
Pond Barrows=circi (#) 519.
Square, Arras (Yorks), 60.
Unrecorded Barrows in S.
Wilts. KR. C. C. Clay on,
598.
Barry, Charles, work at Bowood,
35
Barth, Rob., 224.
Barton, Will., 223.
Bascombe, see Roundway.
Basing Church, Brief for repairs,
557.
Basingstoke, 378.
(Nr. Downton),
Baskerville, Ann, 582. Thos.,
114. 583. Thos. Mynors, 582.
Bassett Down, 399. Colln. of
Gems, 77.
Baste, Hen., 587.
Bates, H. H., 419.
Bath, 233, 617. And Bristol
Stage Coaches, 1657, 131, 386.
“And Devizes Guardian”
Newspaper, hist. of, 319, 320,
Chronicle paper, 323. Herald
paper, 323. Coaches for
London, 131. Literary In-
stitution, pictures from Font-
hill at, 524. Meeting of Brit.
Arch. Assoc., 396. White
Lion Inn, 131.
Bath Road, “‘ Early years of Stage
Coaching,” by W. A. Webb,
noticed, 130, 386, 387. Road
by Calne & Chippenham always
used by Carriers, 131 ; Bequests
for repair in 14th & 15th cents.,
131; Turnpiked, 1748, 387;
Highway Acts, list of, 387;
Flying Machines (coaches),1667,
1709, 1761, 131, 887; Stage
Coaching, 425. Old Route by
Shepherd’s Shore & Sandy Lane,
13), 386, 387; W. A. Webbon,
597, 598; Acts for repair of,
597; Route abandoned, 1746,
131, 597.
Bath, Earl of, 396. Marquis,
gift, 355; and Marchioness,
ports., 421.
Bathampton Down (Wilts), Lich-
ens, 428 —430.
Batheaston, 607.
Bathwick, 243.
Battlesbury Camp, 394. Ait °
Photos, 616. Pits in, by
Mrs. M. E. Cunnington,
368—372, figs.; Animal
Bones, 373; Bronze pin, 373;
Date of, 369; Excavations, 41 ;
Pottery, 370, 475. Skeletons
outside Camp, 373.
Baverstock, A.S. Charters, 517.
Tron Knife, &c., 272.
‘Papaver species, 80. See also
Hurdcott.
Bavin, W. D., Writings, 260, 261.
Baycliff Farm, Ridgeway, 95.
Quarry, Geolog. Section, 271.
Baydon, 158, 586. Brief for
S. Edmonds of, 558, Church,
C. E. Ponting on, 566—568;
Chalk as building stone, 566;
Pillars cased in iron, 567 ; Repair
Charity, 587 ; Visited, 351.
Cottages in lieu of Aldbourne
Chantry House, 587. Manor
bought by Sir W. Jones, 584.
Bayley family of Baldham (Keevil),
101; Arms, 108. Mr., gives
Organ to Bishops Cannings, 172.
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Edw., 223. Joan, 101.
Sarah, gives Plate to West-
bury Ch., 108. Thos., 101.
Baynard, Sir Rob., Wooden Tablet
at Lacock, 269.
Bayntun family, 583. Sir Edw.,
539, 597; and Cloth Trade, 541 ;
Grant of Cowidge Farm to, 29, 30;
land at Bowood, 32, 383; Tomb
and Brass, Bromham, 178.
Edw. Rolt, 19. Sir Hen., 12.
Bazley, Mr., 368; Gift, 369.
Beacon Hill (Bromham), Roman
Road, 94. (Leics.) Bronze
Age objects, 69.
Beagles, 1808, 121.
Bears kept at Fisherton, 396.
Beaufort Hounds, illust., 416,
Beaufort, Duchess of, 33. Duke
of, 619.
Beaven, E. C., 509. Fred T.,
obit., 509. James, 619.
Thos., 509; Clothier, adventures
in Spain, 127, 400.
Beaven’s Leather & Glove Factory,
Holt, 619.
Beckett (Berks), T-shaped hy po-
causts, 230.
Beckford, Eliz., 525. Will.,
Ld. Mayor, builds Fonthill
House, 524; Marriage, misstate-
ments as to, 525. Beckford’s
Dwarf Pero, 524.
Beckhampton, 133, 322. Bar-
rows : “Cut Barrow” of Stukeley
identified, 54; Disc Barrow, 53;
King Barrow, near Longstone
Cove, 52 ; Longstone Cove Long
Barrow unrecorded, 52; Stones
near shown by Stukeley, bok
Long Barrow near Stables, 52.
“Cuckoo Pen, 52. “Old
Chapel,” site of, 54. Roman
Road, 53. Snowed up, 622,
624. “South Street,” 52.
Sarsens broken up, site of,
52. Standing Stone, 52.
Site of Stukeley’s views iden-
tified, 53. See also Avebury.
Beckington, Ridgeway, 95.
Beckley (Oxon), Early Brooch,
Fe abovouch, “ Dolemead” 102.
Bedd Arthur (Pemb.), 331.
Bedwyn, Great, account of, noticed.
261. A.S. Boundaries, 593,
A.S. Charters, 262.
}
633
Birthplace of Dr, Willis, 620.
Bloxham Copse, Plants, 155.
Brails Wood, Fungi, 543—553 ;
Lichens, 1—9; Plants, 151—161,
164, 166 ; Conduit for Protector’s
House, 390 ; Wansdyke, 353.
Brook Street, Lichens, 4.
Brown’s Lane, Plants, 157.
Burnt Mill Lock, Plants, 3, 158,
161. Chapels in parish, 353.
Church, 620; Sir
Glynne’s notes on, 1845,
170, 171; Brass, 171; Chest
of 13th Cent. described, 253, 362;
Glass from Wolfhall, 116; In-
scription to Beauchamp, 390;
MS. Notes on, 594; £4Mural
Painting, 171; Screen from, now
at S. Kensington, 117, 171, 353.
Common, Lichens, 4.
Conygar Hill, Lichens, 9
Dod’s Down, Fungi,553; Lichens
and Plants, 4, 5, 8, 164—166;
Site of Protector’s House, 390.
Fairway, Plants, 165.
Farm Lane, Plants, 156.
Flowering Plants & Ferns,
by C. P. Hurst, 151—166.
Freewarren Hill, old Road,
389. °- Frog Lane, Fungi, 545.
Fungi, 543—554. Guildford’s
Farm, Plants, 164. Gully
Copse, Plants, 154, 156—161, 163,
164. Hatchet Lane, Plants and
Fungi, 162, 548. Kennet and
Avon Canal, 153. Lichens,
1—9, 427. Marten, Plants,
157. Merle Down, Lichens
and Plants, 3, 7, 154, 155.
Road to Burbage, Old, 389.
Round Copse, Plants, 163, 164.
Sadler’s Hill, Plants, 160.
Sicily Cottages, Plants, 160.
Stock House, 165; Plants,
155, 158. Thistleland,
Fungi, 544. Vicar’s Copse,
Plants, 153. Webb’s Gully,
Plants, 151.
Fungi, 545, 546, 549.
Bedwyn, Little, A.S. Charter, 262,
515. Church, visited, 353.
Fore Bridge, Lichens, 7.
Plants, 154, 157, 158.
: See also Knowle.
Beechingstoke, A.S. Charter, 96,
517. Church, 1859, Sir
S. Glynne’s notes on, 171.
West Leas,
634
Manor House, 87. MS.
Notes, 595.
Begging Day (Dec. 21st), 391.
Belgic invasion, 394.
Bell, Clive, writings, 408.
Lt.-Col. W. C., Gift, 855 ; Port.,
491, 423. W. Heward acts
as Guide, 350; Gifts, 135, 272,
425 ; President, 39 ; Remarks, 42.
Bell, alzas Sharpe, Miss, murdered,
99.
Belle Sauvage Coaching Inn, 131.
Bells, Curfew, or Angelus, at West-
bury, 108. Foundry at High-
worth, 257. Rubbings and
Casts, 87. See Aldbourne,
Slaughterford, Westbury.
Beltan, Quarter Day, 588.
Bemerton, 620. Church, illust.,
123. Geo. Herbert at, 123.
Lodge, illust., 415.
Benett-Stanford, Capt. Vere, obit.,
86. Major J. M., 86.
Bennet, John, Sheriff, 612.
Thos. (II.), Brass at Westbury
Ch., 304, 613; “Thos. LL.D.,
Chancellor and Precentor of
Salisbury,” by Canon Fletcher,
noticed, 612, 613, 625. Mr.,
434,
Bentham, Jeremy, at Bowood, 22,
26, 35.
Bentley, John, founds School at
Calne, 403.
Berberis, 153.
Berkeley, Burial of Dickey Pearce,
Fool, 259.
Berkhampstead St. Peter, 88.
“ Berkshire Times and Faringdon
Free Press,” 316.
Bernard, Mr., 100.
Bernicle Geese, 256.
““ Berrow’s Worcester ournal,” 232,
Berry family, 556.
Bertram, Anne E]iz., d. of G., 404.
Berwick Bassett Church, Sir
S. Glynne’s Notes, 171.
““Gosbourne,” 58. Mill
Brow, 55, 62.
Berwick St. James, 130; illust., 621.
John, 357.
Notes, 595. See also
Asserton.
Berwick St. John, 620. Down,
Circular Earthworks, 519.
Berwick St. Leonard, 620.
Notes, 595.
Best, Mr., 490,
MS.
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Bethia (Christian name), 221.
Bettesthorne, Sir John, Brass at
Mere, 212.
Bevan, Clara C., ports., 421, 422.
Mrs., ports., 422, 423.
Gerard Lee, acct. of, 128 ; ports.,
421—423.
Bewley Court, illusts.,415.
Biatorella, species, 7.
Biatorina, species, 7, 430.
Bibliography, MS.,of Wilts Authors
in the Museum, 272. See
Buchanan, T. B.; Hewlett,
Maurice.
Bickerstaffe Drew, Frank, see
‘“* Ayscough, John.”
Biddesden, Gravels, 261.
Biddestone, Blankets made, 617.
Bought by Lord Methuen,
617. Church, Altar Table,
253. Manor Farm, art. on,
noticed, 624. Register, Quaker
Burials, 617. Ridgeway, 95.
“Workman’s House,”=Court
House, 617.
Biffen, Prof., A. H., on Cereals
from Fifield Bavant, 490,
493, 494.
Biggs, Emma, d. of Harry, 82.
Gen. Yeatman restores Stockton,
82.
‘‘ Bilberry Thurland” (book), 282.
Bilimbia, species, 1, 7.
Bince (Christian name), 221.
Bingham, Bishop, 126; Tomb in
Salisbury Cathedral, 287.
Birbur, Roger, 264,
Bird, Mr., 165, W. R., on
Geology of Swindon, 45.
Bird Notes, 256. Sanctuary at
‘Coate, 78. Food of Birds
investigated, 348. See Ber-
nicle Goose, Bittern,
Cirl Bunting, Fieldfare, Gold
Crest, Goldfinch, Great Crested
Grebe, Hawfinch, Hen Harrier,
Kestrel, Marsh Warbler, Merlin,
Little Owl, Snowy Owl, Raven,
Redshank, Robin, Great Grey
Shrike, Snipe, Snow Bunting,
Stone Curlew, Long-tailed Tit,
Wheatear, Woodcock.
Birthill family, 595.
Bishops Cannings, 113. Bar-
row on Down, cin. urn and shale
ring, 599, 600 ;Long Barrow, 59;
Oolite Stones in, 50, Brown's
Buzzard, —
|
{
|
INDEX TO VOL XLII.
Barn, 49. Church, 281, 301 ;
Sir S. Glynne’s Notes on,
1835, 171, 172; illust., 97;
Wooden Seat, “ Hand of Medi-
tation,” illust., 172, 416; Organ,
172 ; Sermon, 407. Church-
yard, Spindle Whorl, 246, 247,
jig. Harepath (Harpit) Way,
60, 94. Horton Down, Bronze
Ring and Bone Spearhead, 599,
600, jig.; Long Barrow and
Square Earthwork, 49. |
Manor held by Bishop, 100, 265,
392. Roundway, Windmill
Knowl, 63. See also Shep-
herd’s Shore.
Bishopstone(S. Wilts),622. A.S.
Charters, 515, 517. Church,
620; 1872, Sir S. Glynne’s
notes, 173, 174; Incised
Slabs, 173; Pulpit, 173.
Gold Ring Money, 251, 347.
Bishopstone (N. Wilts), Ridge-
way, 94. Songs, 380.
- Bishopstrow, Barrow House, illust.,
415. Church, 1863, Sir
S. Glynne’s notes, 174.
Biss River, illust., 413.
Bittern, 79.
VOL XLIIL—NO. CXLI.
‘ Black Death in Dorset,” by Canon
Fletcher, noticed, 270, 271.
Mortality among Clergy, 270.
Black Friars, see Fisherton Anger.
Blackford (Som.), 87.
Blackland, 322. Farm bought
by Lord Shelburne, 31.
House, 86.
Blackmore, Dye, els 1ea4 ania 395 ;
Gold Ring Money, 251, 347,
Blackstonia, species, 158.
Bladon, 88.
Blagdon Hill, 484.
Blair, F. J., port., 419.
Blake family, 31, 503.
port., 420.
J. H.,
| Blakeney, 378.
| Blanchett, Walt., 357.
| Blatch, Stephen, 107,
Blechnum, 165. [505.
| Bleobury, J ohn de, will of, noticed,
| Bletchingley, 113.
Blois, Peter de, 125.
| Blondeau, M., 374.
| Blount family, of Broke, History,
106. Charles,
Mountjoy, 106.
Lord Mountjoy, 106.
7th Lord
James, 6th
635
Bloxam, Rev. And., Botanist, 428,
429.
Bloxham Copse Fungiand Lichens,
5, 7, 544, 545.
Bluett’s Court (Southbroom), Hist.
of, 102.
Blunsdon, Bury Town, Roman
foundations, 258. Camp,
AST Deeds, 425.
“Slanfeast,” 257. Songs,
380. Widhill, 13.
Witches and Wise Women, 257,
258, Worthies, 257.
Blunsdon, Broad, cross base in
Churchyard, 361, 362.
Blunsdon, St. Andrew, 84.
Blyth, Mrs., 244; Gift, 272.
Boddington (Glos.), 244.
Bodenham, 248.
Bodington, Archdeacon E. J.,
writings, 408, 621.
Bodorgan (Anglesea), 614.
Boles Barrow, The “Blue
Stone” from, by B. H.
Cunnington, 431—437, figs.
Floor of flints, 432,
Letter of H. P. Wyndham, 437.
Opened by W. Cunnington,
43 1—433. Sarsen Stones,
with marks, 487. Skeletons
and Ox Skulls, 482, 438,
Boletus, species, 255.
Bolingbroke Lady, 254.
Bombylius canescens, 81.
Bond [Bonde], Alice, 579.
Eliz., holds Aldbourne Manor,
580, 582; Will of, 581.
Frances, | secret marriage, 580,
Geo. (I. and IT.), 579, 580,
584, Sir Geo., Lord Mayor,
579. Rose, 579. Thomas
(I. and II.), 577—579, 582, 586,
587; Ranger of Aldbourne Chase,
584; Will of, 578. Will (I.
and TL). 13, 579; Suit re Widhill
Chapel, 11. Dame Winifred,
579.
Bone Awls, Fyfield Bavant, 481,
Jigs: Bucket handles (2)
Fyfield Bavant, 481, 482.
Combs, All Cannings Cross, 118 ;
Fyfield Bavant, 460, 480, figs.
Gouges, Fyfield Bavant, 481,
jigs: Needles, All Cannings,
118. Pins, All Cannings, 118.
Spearhead, Horton Down,
599, 600, jig. Spindle
plage
636 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Whorls, 489. See also All
Cannings Cross; Fyfield Bavant
Pits.
Bonham family at Brook, 106.
Bonney, Prof., 339.
Bonwick, A. J., port., 419.
Book Coomb (Oldbury), 61.
Bookplates, Wiltshire, 503.
Borden, Sir Rob., 98.
Borham, John, will of, 402.
‘* Borough Press,’ Swindon Paper,
History of, 319.
Boroughbridge, Battle of, 107.
Botany, Classes, 88. See also
Hurst, C. P.
Botley Down, Plants, 153, 157.
Starveall Farm, 157.
Great Copse, Plants and
Fungi, 152, 158, 544.
Bottetourt, Lord, property, 24.
Bottlesford, derivation, 516,
Botrychium, 151, 166.
Boughton (Northants), Chimney-
piece, 269.
Boulogne, Hen. VIII. at, 616.
Boar Thomazine, d. of Walt.,
114,
Bourne family, 106.
‘Bournemouth, 337.
Bourton, Great fault (Geological),
271. (Bishops Cannings)
420.
Bouverie [Des Bouveries], family,
126 ; Mausoleum, Britford, 177;
Origin, 112; Toast, 112.
Miss A., gift, 355. Sir
Edward buys Longford,112; gifts
to Hospitals, 112; Christening
Cup, 112. Laurens, founds
family, 112. Jacob Lord
Folkestone, 112. Lady Marg.
Pleydell, port., 420—422.
Will, 2nd Viscount Folkestone,
Recorder of Salisbury, 112.
Bowden Hill, Old Coach Road
abandoned, 387; see also Bath Rd.
Bowden House, illust., 415.
Bower, Mary, 107.
Bowerchalke, 73. Roman
Road from Old Sarum, 95.
Bowes, Hen., Earl of Suffolk, 260.
Sir Jerome, 260,
Bowood, 617; illust., 413.
King’s Bowood Park No.
I1l., by Earl of Kerry, 18
—38. Abbots Waste bought,
3l. Clark’s Hill bought, 21,
29; Old Road, 22.
British pottery, 37.
Grove bought, 30.
Bowood House, illust., 40.
Ante Library, 35.
and Barry’s Work, 35.
Chapels, successive, 35.
Clock Towers, wooden and stone,
30. Contents sold, 34. |
Dance’s plans, 35. Derelict,
34. Drawing Room Ceiling,35.
Gallery, 35. “ Great” and
“ Little” Houses, 26, 35.
Library Ceiling, 35. Pictures
collected, 34. Staircase, Hall,
35. Terraces built, 36.
Bowood, Buckhill bought, 31.
College land, 20. Cuff’s ©
Romano-
Coombe
Adam’s
Corner, Road to Calne made, 21. |
Holland’s Moor, derivation, 29.
John Croom’s House, 24.
Lady Shelburne’s account of a
walk, 24. Laggus Farm, 21;
Barrow, 37; Derivation, 26;
Held by Hort family, 30; Old
Road, 22. ‘Lands of Earl of |
Anglesea, 38; of Audley family |
and Earl of Castlehaven, 38; of
Mr. Holland, 20 ; of Mr. Hunger-
ford, 20. Mill (intended), 22.
Monks Hill, 26. Notes |
by Lord Shelburne, 32. =|
Quarry Wood, “Jackys Arm |
Wood,” 29. Woodlands, |
Hist. of, 30, 31. ay
Bowood Park, Alders Common, 21. —
Barrows, 37. Bigs
Wood planted, 23. Boundary
next Buckhill, 23. Bridges,
drawings for, 21. Capability
’ Brown’s work, Agreement as to, |
19—21 ; Progress of, 21—25.
Cascade, plan for, 26.
“ Crooked Mustard,’ made, 26.
Derry Hill Gate and Lodge,
22; Drawings for, 35. Deer
Mead, 36. Expenses of
works, 1762—5, 25. Fyna-
more Water (Whetham Stream),
dammed, 21. Given up to
Sheep, 18. Golden Gates
built, 36. Granger’s Farm
(Queenwood), 18. Green
Bridge, 23. Hoar Stone, 36. |
Holland’s Moor, 22.
Home Farm, 20. Horsele-
pride (Sandy Lane Gate), 21.
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Lake formed, 21, Litton’s
Farm, 18. The Lodge or
Home Farm, 18. Mannings
Hill, 30; Act for Sale of, 30;
Cottages, ile Maps of, 18.
Mausoleum, 20. Me-
nagerie, 23, 26. Nusterleigh
bought, 29; Derivation, 37, 38.
Nustrell’s Lease Lane, 37.
* Osprey, The,” derivation,
18. Pillars Lodge, 22.
Pinetum planted, 27. Plan-
tations made, 20. Pondtail
Bridge, 21. Rockery made,
26, 27. Roads planned, 20.
Roman Villa, 37.
Sarsen Stones, 36. Shadwell’s
Farm, 18. Sham Bridge
proposed, 20,22. Store Ponds,
Triumphal Arch pro-
eae 22. ‘‘ Verge” planted,
We, Washway stream, 22, 26.
Wire’s Plain, 21.
Box, 130. Ashley Corner, 508.
Church, Sir S. Glynne’s
notes on, 174, 175. La
Tene I. Brooch, 69. New
Road, 1707, 387. Tunnel,
414, See also Hazelbury.
Boxted (Essex), 244.
Boy Scouts, 251.
Prof.
Boyd Dawkins,
writings, 514.
Boyd, Penleigh, obit., 507.
Boyton, MS. notes on, 595.
Manor House illust., 97.
Brachypodium, 165.
Bradenstoke Abbey, art. on,
noticed, 400. Bought, by
J. A.A. Williams and Mr. Storey,
76. Illust., 1732, &c., 415.
Legend of Gold figure of
Monk found, 400. Picture
of Virgin described, 76, 77.
Pilgrims well and subterranean
passage, 400. Prior of, Gibbet
in Savernake, 76. Tiles from,
400. Undercroft, illusts., 413,
415.
Bradenstoke Farm, art. on, noticed,
624.
Bradford-on-Avon, 225, 233.
Barton Barn, Fund accounts, 39,
276, 346, 528; Illusts., 412, 620;
Mason’s Marks, by W. G.
- Collins, fig., 363, 364, 425.
Belcombe Court, illust.,
Sir W.,
|
637
415.
noticed, 129; Lilust.,
Bridge Chapel, art. on,
412, 418,
620. Bullpit, illust., 412.
Carnival, illust., 413.
Church, Sir S. Glynne’s
notes on, 175, 176; Brass,
176; Effigy, 176. Church
Lads Brigade, gifts to, 508.
Cloth Mills, 539. Cubs’
Band, illust., 412. * Flying
Chaise,” to London, 1752, 387.
H. Trinity Church, illust.,
** Inwoods,” 87.
Kingsfield, |
Kingston
620.
Lichens, 427.
Wooley, 508.
House, 396. Memorial Foun-
tain, illust., 411. Noncon-
formist Chapels, Hist. of, 618.
Priory, illusts., 415.
Ridgeway, 95. Service Men’s
Medal, illust., 412. Saxon
Church, art. by EK. J. Matthews,
noticed, 620; L[llusts., 412, 418 ;
Trustees, 508. Shambles,
illust., 412. War Memorial,
illust., 412, 413. Weavers’
Riots, 1802, 127, 401. Wesley
at, 130, Stonehenge Blue
Stones brought to (4), 406.
Turley Mill, illust., 414.
Bradford, Rev. B. W., ett, Jie.
Bradley, North, Bil, 616.
Service Men welcomed, illust.,
412, Trenchard wills, 504.
Bradley, Dr., Master of Marl-
borough, 384. A. G., writings,
382, 410, 426.
Braden, see Braydon.
Brakspear, H., 111; work by, 624 ;
Writings, 268.
Brampton, 8. T., Printer, 320, 321.
Brandenburgh House, Hammer-
smith, Column removed from to
Savernake, 116.
Brasses, Imprint of at Edington,
198. Palimpset at Steeple
Ashton, 438, jig. At Ald-
bourne, 564, 566; Amesbury, 168;
Bedwyn, Great, 171; Bradford-
on-Avon, 176; Collingbourne
Ducis, 573 : Collingbourne King-
ston, 188, 575 ; Dauntsey, 198 ;
Mere, 212; Minety,214; Preshute,
282; Salisbury Cathedral, 287;
Tisbury, 297; Westbury, 304,613.
Brassey, Mrs. Edgar, port., 423.
Brassica, var., 164.
2x 2
638
Bratton=“ Mayford,’ scene of
Novel,617. Comma Butterfly,
255, Cottages, illust., 413.
MS. notes, 595.
used, 122, Shawlands House,
illust., 412. Sheep, 1605, 616.
War Memorial, illust., 412.
Braunton (Dev.), erratic boulders,
300.
Braydon [Braden] Forest, Lichens,
Oxen
497—430. Hall (Minety),
illust., 417. Lane Toll Gate
Board, 273. Pond, Canal
proposed, 399. Red and
Fallow Deer, 392. Red
Lodge, 507.
Breadalbane, Coll., Armour, 133.
Breamore (Hants), 509.
Brecon, 510.
Bremeridge, 616.
Bremhill[{ Brimbell], 31,33, 322, 607.
Ancient Road, 94. A.S.
Charters, 516. Church,
Architecture, by J. Lee Osborn,
noticed, 114, 115; Screen de-
stroyed, 114. Manor
bought by Lord Shelburne, 28.
Maud Heath’s Causeway,
art. noticed, 114. Vicar
owns Rectorial Tythe, 115.
Brentnall, H. C., as Guide, 349,
SO, a) Excavates Wans-
dyke, 497. Gifts, 426, 500.
On Wansdyke, 353.
Writings, 115, 135, 382.
Brereton, Rebecca, 114.
Bricket Wood (Herts), Lichens, 3.
Brickwork,seeMar]boroughCollege,
C. House; Wolfhall, Laundry.
“‘ Bridehead, Sue,” 397.
Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, 18.
Bridgenorth, 86; Brief for Relief
of, 558.
Bridport, Bp., Tomb in Salisbury
Cath., 287.
Brief Copse, Plants, 162.
Briefs, Hullavington Register, 557
—560.
Brimscombe Farm (Berks), 44.
Brimslade Park, Poaching, 1609,
403.
Brinkworth. 428. Brook, 515.
Church, 1864, Sir S.
Glynne’s Notes on, 176.
House, illust., 415. Ridge-
way, 94. Songs, 380.
Brinkworth, Jonathan, 403.
{
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Bristol, 233, 387. And Gloucs.
Arch. Soc., meeting programme,
130. And the Plantations,
224, Delft Posset Pot, illust.,
126. ‘“‘ Diocesan Directory,”
324. “ Dio. Magazine,” “ Dio.
Review,” Hist. of, 324 : noticed,
127, Dolphin, 440. ?
Newgate, 440. Redcliffe, 264.
Britford, Attwater family, 243.
Church, 1872, SirS.
Glynne’s notes, 177; Bench-
ends, 177; Restoration, 177;
Tomb of Hen. Stafford, D. of
Buckingham (%), 177. Sheep
Fair, 243.
British Arch. Assoc. -
cursion, 1922, 396.
‘* British Journal,” 324.
British Museum, Wiltshire Gold
Ornaments placed on loan, 70,
Wiltshire Lichens in,
Cc. P. Hurst on, 1, 2,427—
430. Wiltshire objects, 69, |
227, 601.
British Mycological Soe., 5438.
Britton, Alfred & Mrs., ports., 420.
John, letter, 433:
Brixton Deverill, 97 ; see also Cold
Kitchen.
Broad, James, 34.
Broad Chalke, Bury Orchard, 250,
Church Bottom, 72, 249 ; —
Interment found, 250. Earth
works, Heywood Sumner on,
on,. 72, Wes Ox Drove or —
Ridgeway, Rom.-Brit. Village
near, 73. Persons, see Aubrey,
John ; Hewlett, Maurice.
. Rectory, Old, 374.
Broadhed, (—), 221.
Broad Hinton, Church, 1850,
Sir S. Glynne’s Notes, 4438 ;
MS. notes on, 594 ; Restoration,
605. Feast, date of, 588.
White Horse, illust., 520; in
novel, 623.
Broad Leas, see Potterne.
Broad Mine, iron mined, 38.
Broad Town, White Horse, illust.,
523.
‘““ Broad Weaver,” defined, 222.
Brockenborough Church, Sir |
S. Glynne’s notes, 1864, |
177; Interior, 184; screen, |
177. “ Kingway,” 94. iat
Pitt family, 398.
Wilts ex-
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Brocklebank, J. W. R., gift, 138;
note, 252.
Brodrib, (—), 221.
Brodrick, Capt., note, 79.
Bromham, “ Bloomeries,” 38.
Broomy Ground, 356.
Browne’s Mead, 356. Blunts
Ley Meade, 357. Bromham
House Farm, 507, Church,
1850,SirS. Glynne’s Notes,
177—179; Brass & Tomb of
Sir Edw. Bayntun, 178; Hel-
mets, 178. ‘* Clingehill,” 357.
Cnicus tuberosus, 80. Dur-
lett, 3577. Long Barrow
destroyed, 59.
ilust., 76, 415.
Netherstreet, 3858.
Mazer sold,
Mill, 357.
“Red
Moor,” 356. Registers trans-
cribed, 398. Roman Villa,
598. St. Edith’s House,
illust., 415, 417, Slade’s
Mead, 356. Stoneing Stile
Leaze, 356. Survey of the
lands of Ferdinand Hughes
1652 (MS.), 356—358,
425. Thicketts Mead, 356.
War Memorial ‘Tablet,
illust., 413. Weavers, 597;
Distress, 1620, 401. W ase-
leys, 357. See also Bagdon Hill.
Bromus species, 164. Seeds in
Fyfield Bavant Pits, 494.
Bronze Awls, 272; Roundway,
599, fig. Celts, Amesbury,
75, 424; Beacon Hill (Leics),
69; Passmore Coll., 43. |
Celt. flanged, BlackmoreMuseum,
602, 608, fig. Celt, socketed,
All Cannings Cross, 512.
Dagger, Bush Barrow, 601 ;
Amesbury ‘“‘ King Barrow,” 601,
602, fig. Ferrule for butt end
of spear, Rushall, 228.
Mould for celts, Brit. Museum,
electrotype, 347. Palstave,
Dinton Beeches, 75; Passmore
Coll., 43. Razor, All Can-
nings Cross, 512; 8S. Lodge
Camp, Rushmore, 512. Ring,
272; Horton Down, 599, 600
jig. Slag, All Cannings Cross,
118. Spear Head, Chute,
262; socketed, 272; Bishops
Cannings, 600. Sword, Black-
more Museum, proportion of
hilt to blade, 602.
|
639
Bronze Age Bracelets of twisted
wire, 69, 70. Cremated in-
terments, bones ceremonially
broken to pieces, 246. Pottery
in Passmore Coll., 43; Later
Urns, &c., really of Iron Age ?
512; Ring Money, 69.
Brooches of involuted or Beckley
type, Cold Kitchen & All Cann-
ings, 67—69, figd. Of La
Tene I. type, number found in
Wilts, 68, 69.
Brooke, Mr., land near Bowood,
32. Eliz , d. of Joshua, 509,
Brookes family, 556.
Broome, Mr., land at Bowood, 32.
C. E., Botanist, 428, 429.
Brooks, Rev. H. C., on Westbury
Ch., noticed, 106—109 ; gift &
writings, 184.
Broughton Gifford, Charities, 510,
511.
Brounkers Court Farm, illust., 417.
Brown, Mr., land at Bowood, 32.
Miss, gift, 602. James,
601, 602. P. R. B., note, 367.
Lancelot (‘‘ Capability ”),
work at Bowood, 18—21.
Rob.,, 1, 428.
Browne family, 556.
G. F., 588.
Brownrigg, R. G. P., 47.
Bruce, Lord Charles, election, 315.
Lady Ursula, ports., 421—
Bishop
423,
Brudecombe, Rob. de, Mayor of
Wilton, Commonplace Book, 367.
Brunanburgh, 623.
Brysten, Edw., 587.
Buchanan, Rev. A. E.; Rev.S. J.;
TC. BaG: . Walt:, 605:
Archdeacon T. B., obit. and list
of writings, 605, 606.
Buckenham Tofts, early site, 462.
Buckhurst, Charles, Lord, 576.
Buckingham, Duke of, 126, 259.
Diggings at Stonehenge,611.
Tomb at Britford (?), 177.
Buckland, West (Som.), 579.
Buckley, Major EK. D. H., port., 521.
Buddicombe, Marcia, port., 421.
Buellia, species, 2, 7.
Buff family, 556.
Bulford Garrison Church, illust.,
414, Great Grey Shrike, 79.
Ford over Avon, 611.
Watergate House, Sarsen in river
640
near, illust., 610. Sling
Camp, 79.
Bull, nee Printer, 315.
Anthony, 92.1. Dan., 31.
John, 31, 221, 222.
Margery, 221.
Bulls used in carts, 122. Horns
of, represented by Avebury
Avenues, 591.
Bullinbroke, Brief for relief of, 558.
Bullock [ Bullocke] family, 556.
John, 557—559.
Burbage, A. 8S. Charters, 262.
Church. Sir S, Glynne’s
notes, 179; Screen, 179.
Herepath, 94. Plants, 154.
Ram Alley, 3. Registers,
Tithes, Notes, 594.
Burcombe, A. 8. Charters, 516.
Church, 1849, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 180; Saxon
work, 180. Ridgeway, 95.
Burderop, derivation, Camp. 516.
Burdett, Sir Francis, M.P., 236.
Sir F. and Lady, 350.
Burgess, Rev. C. F., 251 ;
g7eig Remarks, 45,
Burial i in Woollen, 222.
“ Burler” in Cloth trade, 222.
Burn, (Dean), port, 421, 422.
Burnet, Gilbert, Bp., on brass, 440.
Burning Pott, The, Oldbury, 61.
Buroe (Christian name), 221.
Burrard, Adm. Sir Harry, 622.
Burridge Heath, Fungi, 544—547,
Dole Lichens, 5. Plants,
117, 151—155, 157—161, 165, 166.
Burroughs, Thos., 108.
Burrows, Will., Printer, 238.
“Bury,” in Place names, O. G. S.
Crawford on, 58, 59.
Buscot Park (Berks), Squire Camp-
bell’s works, 257.
Gifts,
Bush Barrow, Large Bronze
Dagger, 601.
Bush, J., 225. Paul, Rector
of Edington and Bp. of Bristol,
504, tN. S., Gift, 355.
Bushell, Rev. W. Done, writings,
134, 338.
Bushton Manor House, illust., 414.
Butcher, Will., port., 420. W.H.
on Devizes Castle, noticed. 117.
Butler, Dan. W. (1I.), 507.
D. W. (IL) gift, 355 ; obit., 507,
508. H. D., remarks, 72, 73.
Sir Reg., 3938, 420; Gift,
}
INDEX TO VOL, XLII.
355; port., 420. Walt., 507.
Butler of Bramfield, Jane, d. of
Lord, 107.
Butomus, 163.
Butterfield, Architect, work, 2538.
Buttermere, Account of, noticed,
261. A. 8. Charter, 516,
Derivation, 262.
Button, John, 26. Sir Will.,
403.
Buxbury Hill, Barrow opened, 250.
Buxton, Major G. J., gifts, 278, 347,
Buzzard, Compton Chamberlayne,
256.
Bydemill Brook (Highworth), 80.
Cacher in Cloth trade, 222.
Cadenham House, 29, 123.
Cader Idris, Dolerite Rocks, 332.
Glaciers, 335,
Caird, R. H., owned Southbroom,
103.
Calcutta, Bp. Cotton of, 384.
“Caleutta Englishman,” Paper,
502.
Calamagrostis, species, 151, 164.
Calamintha, species, 160.
Caley Coll. of Wilts MS. bought,
373,
Calicium, species, 3, 428.
Calley, Major-Gen.'I'.C.P., gift, 355.
Calne, 50, 233, 607. And Cal-
stone Manors, Court Books and
Deeds given to Library, 40.
‘“And Chippenham Express,”
Paper, Hist. of, 322. And
Chippenham Papers, Hist. of, 322,
olor Bentley's School, pe-
titions, noticed, 403. Chil-
vester House, illust., 418.
“Chronicle and Chippenham
’ Times,” Paper, Hist. of, 316, 322,
Church, 1850, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 180, 181;
Mon. Inscriptions printed, 505;
Pew belonging to Clare Hall
Property, 80. Coaches, Hist.
of, 387. Common Fields,
The Alders, 31. Elm Field
House, illust., 414. Football,
illust., 411. “ Graphic,”
Paper, Hist. of, 322. Grange,
illust., 414, 415. Hundred
and Manor, bought by Lord
Lansdowne, 28; Coll. of MS.
Deeds given to Society, 134.
M.P.s nominated by Lord Shel- |
burne, 28, Northfield House, |
|
{
|
!
i
i
|
if
)
i
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
86. Pinhills owned by Lord
Lansdowne, 31, 34. Prebend
Manor, descent of, 28.
Quemerford bought by Lord
Shelburne, 28. Road to
Bath in Middle Ages, 131; to
Bowood made, 21, 22 ; to Chittoe,
22; to Horslepride Gate, 22; to
Whetham made, 22. Rough
Leaze bought by Lord Shelburne,
31. Studley, Norley Lane,
32. War Memorial illust.,
4138, Weavers’ distress,
1620, 401. See also Whetham.
Calstone, 102, 322. Barrow,
272. Common Fields, 28.
Feast, Rhyme, 391. Horse-
combe Bottom, 60. Loneaster
Furlong, 61. Lynchets, 394.
Manor, Coll. of Deeds given
to Society, 184; Descent of, 28,
31; House destroyed in Civil War,
28. Maps, 1710, 1732, 617.
Cambrensis, Giraldus, 339.
Campanula, species, 152, 158.
Campbell, Squire, of Buscot,
works, 257.
Campeggio, Cardinal Lorenzo, Bp.
of Salisbury, 613.
Camps, see Earthworks.
Cana, Anne, d. of Rob., 508.
Candelariella, species, 4, 427, 429.
Candle Guard given, 133.
Candlemas, Quarter Day, 588.-
Canner, J. T., note, 76
Canning, Col. A,, gift, 355.
Canterbury, 112. Cathedral,
Shrine of St. Thomas made, 125,
Cantharellus, species, 543, 551,
Capon, Bp., see Salcot, Bp.
Capron, Dr., 2.
Cardamine, vars., 154.
Cardiff, 27, 264.
Cardigan, Ld., port., 421.
“ Cardmaker,” in Cloth Trade, 222.
Carex, species, 151, 164.
Carlyle, Thomas, portrait by J.
Waylen, 423.
Carn Alw, & Carn Meini (Pemb.)
Rhyolites, Felsites, & Dolerites,
331—333, 338.
Carnac, carvings on stones, 437;
of Serpents, 520, 591. Mega-
lithic remains of granite, 337.
Carnarvonshire glaciated, 335.
Caroline (Queen), interviews
Jeannie Deans, 260,
|
641
Carpenter, Archdeacon H. W.,
port., 421, 422.
Carrickfergus Castle, 263.
Carrington, Ld., 33. F. A., MS.
note books by, given to Library,
425, 594.
Cartron (Roscommon), 608.
Cary, Edw., 31, 38. Geo., 21 ;
land at Bowood, 31. Lt.-
Com. H., gift., 355.
Casali, painter, 524, 525.
Case, Mr., 23.
Casterley Camp, 227. Bone
tib Knives, 518. Flint Loom
Weights, 486. Pits, 459.
Pottery, Late Celtic, 369, 514.
Ridgeway to Imber. 94.
Castlehaven, Earl of, property at
Bowood, 38; Will of, 361.
Castle Combe, 130,322. Church,
1867, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
181, 182; Effigy and ‘Tomb,
182. Market Cross, 182.
Village illust., 413. Visited,
396.
Castle Eaton, Haymakers, 257.
Songs, 380.
Castle Rising (Norf.), 259.
Caswall, Diana, owned Upham,
583. Tim., 583.
Catcombe (Hilmarton), derivation,
516.
Catley, Mr., 392. .
Cat Linches (Cherhill), 61.
Caucalis, species, 157.
Cavan, Ld., 378.
Cazalet, Capt. Victor, port., 420.
Celle, nr. Pistoja, 424.
Celtic Field System in Hants, air
photos, 616.
Cennick, John, founds Tytherton
Moravian Settlement, 115.
Centaurea, species, 152, 158.
Centenarians, seeThornicroft,John.
Jeratophyllum, 161.
Cerney, South (Glos.), 243.
Cerrig Marchogion (Pemb.), Doler-
ites, 331, 332.
Ceterach, 151, 165.
Cetraria, species, 4.
Chaenotheca, species, 2, 9.
Chalcote (Westbury), 106, 107.
Chalfield, Gt., House, art. noticed,
129. :
Chalk as building stone in
Churches, 566, 568, 570.
Disc used as “Thimble” for
642 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
needles, 489. House built at
Amesbury, illust., 417, 418.
Chamberlain, J. & Mrs., ports., 419.
Chambers, R. W., 70.
Champney, A. C., gift, 426.
Champneys, A. S, writings, 382.
Chanler, Will., builds Iford Manor,
113.
Channel Isles, Lichens, 8.
Chapel Plaister, visited, 396.
Chapman, Bathsheba, 221.
Julia, d. of W. R., 608. T.
K., port., 420.
Chapmanslade, Ridgeway, 95.
Football, illust., 412. War
Memorial, illust., 412.
Chara, species, 152, 166.
Chard, 614.
Charles I. holds Aldbourne, 576,
578.
Charlock, var., 154.
Charlton (Donhead), MS. Notes,
595.
Charlton (nr. Malmesbury), 31.
Church, 1864, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 183, 184;
Earl of Suffolk’s Pew, 183, 184;
effigies, 184; Screen, 183.
Five Janes, 619. House and
Suffolk family, 259, 260; Begun
by Sir H. Knyvett, 259 ; Ceiling
of Hall left unfinished, 260;
Portraits, 259; Proposed Re-
building, 260 ; Visited, 130.
Park, Deadman’s Bridge, Oak,
&c., origin of name, 619; Old
Road, 619; Wall built, 619.
Charlton (Pewsey Vale), 227.
Chadenwich [Charnage], La Tene
I. Brooch, 69.
Charney (Bucks), 111.
Charnwood Forest, Hangman’s
Stone, 76. Igneous Rocks,
328.
Chauncey, Ichabod & Nath., 264.
Cheam, 510.
Checkers House, 392.
Chedworth, Roman Villa, 410.
Chelmsford Museum, 601.
Cheltenham, Pitt Ville Spa
founded, 398.
Chelworth, Lichens, 428, 430.
Cheney family, history, 106.
Chenopodium, species, 160.
Cherhill, 322. Bath Road in
Middle Ages, 1381. Copper
Cross found, 1383, 251,
Monument built by Barry in
memory of Sir Will. Petty, 36.
Feast, Rhyme, 391.
Cherhill Manor, Cowidge Farm,
Grant by Henry VIII., 29, 80;
Held by Earls of Warwick, 30.
White Horse, illust., 528 ;
made by Dr. Allsop, 25.
Chetnole, (Dors.), 378. :
Cheverel, F. and Mrs., ports., 421.
Cheverell, Gt., Manor House and
Farm, illust., 414, 417.
Cheverell, Little, Church,
1859, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
184.
Chichele, Archbishop, 409.
Chichester, 581. Market Cross,
208.
Chickengrove, 73.
Chicksgrove, Purbeck Stone, 479.
Chiding Hill (Cherhill 2), 61.
Child, Emma, 260.
Childrey (Berks), 582.
* Chilfinch ”= Chafiinch, 78.
Chilmark Church, 1849, Sir
S.Glyune’s notes, 184,185 ;
Pulpit, Jacobean, 185. Large-
headed nails and Muddlers’ fork,
272. (uarries, Plants, 80 ;
Portland Stone, 461, 479.
Chilton Foliot Church, 620; Sir
S. Glynne’s notes on, 1858,
443, 444. Plants, 117,
159, 164.
China Assocn. founded, 502.
North, Campaign, 608.
Chinese Wall Papers, Ramsbury
Manor, 350,
Chippendale Mirrors, &c., Rams-
bury Manor, 350.
Chippenham, 130, 233, 596.
“An ancient Saxon Town, &c.,”
by J. Lee Osborn, noticed, 114,
Dis, eat Armistice Day,
illust., 412. Bath Road
Turnpiked, 387. Blind
House, 122. Bridge, illust.,
115. Buffaloes’ Ch. Parade,
illust., 413. Charity of
Robert Gale, 114. Coaches,
Lists of, 387. ‘“‘ Chronicle,”
Paper, Hist. of, 323.
Church, 1847, Sir’ S.
Glynne’s notes, 185, 186;
illust., 115; Panelling, 186.
Election, 1624, account of,
noticed, 402. Football, illust.
INDEX TO VOL XLII.
411. Forest, Deer, 392;
Feeding of, 616; Mortality
amongst, 392; Perambulation,
1275, 37; Sambourne Bridge, 58.
Greenways House, illust.,
415. Herald and Calne
and Malmesbury and West Wilts
Express,” Paper, 323. Im-
provement Act, 403. Inns,
List of, noticed, 403. Lord
Audley’s estate accounts, MS.,
361. No Newspaper pub-
lished, 322. Nonconformists,
Independents, 264. Rail-
way Strike illusts., 413.
Road Acts, 403. Rowden
Hill House, illust., 4177.
Shambles, 122. Snowed up,
622. “Spice Box,” Paper,
Hist. of, 323. Stage Wagons
for London, 131. Town
Clerk, &c., 508. Town Hall,
Old, art., noticed, 122; Clock,
122; Drawings illust., 115, 413.
War Memorial, illust., 412,
416. Wiltshire’s Wagon,
1690, 386. Weavers’ distress
and riots, 1620, 1738, 401, 616.
See also Allington.
Chipping Camden, 509.
Chirton Church, 1859, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 277.
Marsh Warbler, 78.
Chisbury (Little Bedwyn), Camp,
|
}
|
|
4, 165. Chapel, 116; Visited,
353. Wansdyke, 353.
Wood, Fungi, 547, 548, 550, 553 ;
Lichens, 4,9; Plants, 153—156,
158, 159, 161, 163—166; White
Woodcock, 79.
Chiselbury Rings Camp, 401.
Maurice Hewlett buried at, 374.
Ridgeway, 95.
Chiseldon, A.S. Charters, Deri-
vation, 516. Church, Chalk
as building stone, 566 ; MS. notes
on, 594, House, illust.,
414,
Chitterne All Saints, Story of
woman married in her shift,
without foundation, 76.
Grange, illust., 415.
Scheme, illust., 412.
Housing
_Chitterne St. Mary, 83.
'Chittoe Heath, ‘Land of Nod,”
new road, 1792, 22.
Chivers, Messrs. buy Devizes Prison
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXLI.
‘Cil-maen-llwyd
643
and Southbroom, 103, 105.
Hugh, 223.
Chlorus, founder of “ Chlorea,” 128.
Chlorus’s Camp [Figsbury], origin
of name, 128.
Cholmeley, Mr., 358.
Chowlden Lane (Swallowcliffe),
Derivation, 5177.
Chowles, S., 586.
Chriechie (Aberdeen), stone circle,
394,
Christian Malford, A.S. Charter,
site of Ford, 517. Church,
Architecture, J. Lee Osborn on,
noticed, 114; Dedication and
date of feast, 391, 589, 590.
“Comedy” and ‘“ Swallet ”
Houses, illust., 415, 418.
Old Road, 94. Sarsens at,
Bile War Memorial, 411.
Chrysophanus, var., 80.
Chrysoplenium, species, 156.
Chrysops, species, 81.
hrysotaxum, species, 81.
Chubb, Sir Cecil, gives Stonehenge
to Nation, 405.
Church Dedications and Parish
Feasts, 588—590. Restora-
tion, principles of, 114.
Churches, Wiltshire, Notes
on, by Sir S. Glynne, 167
—214, 277—306, 442—
445.
Churchward, G. J., gift, 355.
Chute, Blood Field, Stone Coffin
and Brass Spearhead, 262.
Causeway, Sarsen with markings,
436. Forest and Parish,
account of, noticed, 261; Per-
ambulation, 262; site of, 261.
Lodge, illust., 415.
See also Standen.
Ciceling Weg=Ridgeway, 515.
(Pemb.), Stone
Circle, source of Stonehenge
Stones ? 334.
Cinque Ports, 410.
Circus, Roman= Moot, 519.
Cirencester, 233, 242, 313, 317.
“Times,” Paper, 316.
Cirl Bunting, nests, 117.
City Equitable Fire Insurance, 123.
Clack Feast, Rhyme, 391.
Mount,=Scufa’s Barrow, 515.
Cladonia, species, 2, 6, 10.
Clare Hall (Cambs), Property at
Bowood, 30.
ay
644 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Clarendon, 128. Forest, Per-
ambulation, Ed. ITI., 94.
Park, 620.
Clarendon, Lord, 259.
Clark, John, 222.
Clark Hall, Air Commodore, 604.
Clarke family, 556. Rev. A.
H. T., writings, 408.
Humphrey, 576. John, 299.
Mary, 112. Rev. W.
H. M., port., 420, 423.
Clark Maxwell, Preb., writings, 268.
Clatford, Kennet dry, 1855, 117.
Claudopus, species, 546.
Claverton (Som.) Manor, 87, 508.
Clay, Dr. R.C.C., Collection, 75 ;
Excavates pits at Fovant~ and
Fifield Bavant, 347, 514; Gifts,
133, 355, 424; Local Sec., 41;
notes, 79, 250; On Early Iron
Age site on Fifield Bavant
Down, 457—496, jfigs.; On
opening of Barrows, 250;
On Unrecorded Barrows in
S. Wilts, 598.
Cleddau River (Pemb.), 328, 336.
Clement XI., Pope, 440.
Clench Common, Late Bronze
Age Gold Bracelet, Mrs.
Cunnington on, 69, 70, fig.
Farm, illust., 417,
Clerke family, 556.
Cleveancy Feast, 391.
- Cleveland, Duchess of, 252.
Cley Hill Camp, Ridgeway, 95.
Clifford, Lady Ann, “ Diary of,”
noticed, 622, Rosamond
not mother of Will. Longespee,
287, 385.
Clitheroe, 618,
Clitocybe, species, 544, 552, 554.
Clitopilus, species, 545.
Cloth Industry, the West of
England, a 17th Century
experiment in State Con-
trol, by K, E. Barford, 513
—542. ‘* Alneger,” 587.
“ Burling,” 534. Capitalist
Clothiers, 532, Cockayne
Scheme, 581. “ Cordmaker,”
292. * Corier,” 222.
“Coloured and White” cloths,
531—533. Distress and
Labour troubles, 103, 401.
Gigg Mills, art. on noticed, 401;
use of, 5834—538, Government
supervision, 5385. Inquiry,
Commission of, 1680, 5832—536.
Length of Cloths, 534.
Market Spinners wv. Clothiers,
582, 537, 540. Merchant
Adventurers, 539, 541.
Mixed Yarns, 533, 546.
Mosing Mills, 534, 5386.
Number of workers, 1620, 401.
* Perching,” 534.
““Scribbling” Machines, 401.
“ Sealing Cloth,” 534, 587.
“Searchers,” duties of, 534,
539. Shears used by Shear-
men, illust., 401, 413. Spain,
Manufacture in, 1748, 127.
Spanish Cloth made, 532.
Star Chamber Case, 540.
‘““Stroudwater Red,” 534.
“Tenters,” use of, 533 —537.
Trade Marks, 587. Trade
with Netherlands, 531.
‘“Tuckers,” 539, West and
North of England, difference,
532. Wool Growers, 583.
Clutterbuck, Lt. David, 509.
Edmund H.., obit., 509,
Edmund. Lewis, 509. Capt.
Walt., 509.
Clyffe Pypard [White Cleeve,
Pepper Cleeve], Comma Butterfly,
81. Feast, 391. Plants,
80, 255. Ridgeway, 94.
See also Bushton. i
Cnicus, species, 153, 157 ; C. tuber-
osus, Netherstreet and Golden
Ball Hill, 80. e |
Coach and Wagon Building in |
Wilts, 257. Steel springs
invented, 387.
Coal (niineral) in Romano-British
* Villages, 229.
Coale (7), Edm., 558.
Coate (Bps. Cannings), 390.
(Chiseldon), Reservoir, Bird
Sanctuary, 78; Frozen, Sheep
cs on, 313 ; Grebes nesting,
8.
Cobham (Surrey), 102, 607.
Cobham, Lord, 18.
Cobham Frith Wood, Fungi, 546, —
547. Plants, 157, 158, 161,
164, ey
Cochlearia, species, 154.
Cockayne Scheme, Cloth Trade,531. |
Cockerell, Charles, work at Bowood, |
35. my
Cockle, Sir John, 12.
——————————— —
SS
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 645
Codford, A. S. Charter, derivation,
516. Bittern, 79.
Codford St. Mary Church,
1863, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
186. Pulpit, Jacobean, 186.
Codford St. Peter Chnrch,
1863, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
186, 187. Font, )87.
Latten Pyx, note, 362, 363, fig.
Codrington, Com. C. A., gift, 355 ;
and Mrs., ports., 423. Mary
Ann, d. of Will., 83. Rev.
Rob. H., obit., 84. Thos., 230.
Coins of Athelstan, 247. Late
Celtic gold, origin of, 44.
Coke, Secretary, 536.
Colchester, Walt. de, 125.
Coldharbour (Blunsdon), 258.
(Marlborough), 383.
Cold Kitchen Hill, Brooches
(Early Iron Age) from,
M. HE. Cunnington on, 67—
69, jfigs., 134.
Colchicum, 152, 162.
Cole Park, Great Crested Grebe,
256.
Cole, T., port., 420.
Coleman, Capt. W., port., 262.
Coleraine, Hugh, Lord, buys
Longford, 112.
Colerne, art. on, noticed, 398.
See also Lucknam.
Coles [Coleys], Bridget, 226.
Rev. Rich. Edw., obit., 88.
Thos., 224.
Coleshill (Berks), 17.
of, 112.
Colias edusa, 254; var. Helice, 81,
255.
College Youths, Soc. of, 87.
Collema, species, 1, 3, 428, 429.
Collett, C. B., port., 622.
Heiress
_Collingbourne, 87. A. 8S. Char-
ters, 262.
Collingbourne Ducis, account of,
noticed, 261. Church, Sir
S. Glynne’s notes on, 187 ;
C. E. Ponting on, 568—578 ;
Brass, 573; Chancel rebuilt, 569;
Dovecot in Tower, 571, 572, fig. ;
Pulpit Cloth ,187 ; Restorations,
569. “* Law Path,” 94.
Penny Hill, 569.
-CollingbourneKingston, account of,
noticed, 261. A. 8S. Charters,
593; Oldhat Barrow and Gods-
bury, 516. Church, 187, 213 ;
Sir S. Glynne’s notes on,
188; C. E. Ponting on, 573
—575; Brass, 188, 575; Capitals,
279; Clerestory re-built, 569;
Tomb and Effigies of Sir Gab.
Pile, 188, bias
Collingbourne, Joan, d.of Rob.,575.
Collinges, Dr., 78.
Collins family, 556. W. G.,,
gift, 425. On Masons’ marks
on Bradford Barn, 363, 364, fig.
Collybia, species, 544,
Colman family, 556. Thos.,
5906.
Colombo, 87.
Colston family buy New Park, 100.
Lt.-Col. the Hon. E. M.,
port., 421, 422.
Combe Bisset Church, 1872,
Sir S. Glynne’s notes on,
188, 189.
Combes, A. J., 624.
“Come Landlord, fill the flowing
bowl,” 380.
Comley, Sarah, 220.
Comma Butterfly, 80, 81; D. P.
Harrison on, 254, 255.
Compton Bassett, 322. John
Frayling, Rector, ejected, 264.
Compton Chamberlayne, Bernicle
Geese, 256. Relics of Col.
John Penruddocke, 620.
Ridgeway, 95.
Compton Verney (Warw.), 84.
Conant, Mary, d. of John, 264.
Coneybury, derivation, 59.
Coneygar | Conyger], derivation, 59.
Hill (Bedwyn), Fungi, 548, 552,
553; Plants, 158,159, 161, 166;
See also Bedwyn, Great.
Conholt, Roman Road, section cut,
230.
Coniston Museum, Wiltshire ob-
jects, 75.
Conium, species, 157,
Conkwell Grange, illust., 414.
Constable, Dora, d.of Rev. John, 83.
Constabulary, Wilts, Standing
Orders, 133.
Convents and Nuns in England,
number of, 385.
Cook, Alfred, gift, 355; obit., 244,
Mrs. E., gift, 355.
Cooke, Elinor, d. of Will., 102.
Thos., of Cote, 13; of Salisbury,
13; Rev. Thos., port., 107.
Coombe Down Stone, 565.
D) D)
ae ee
646
Coombs, Will., hanged, 103.
Cooper, J., 225. Hon. Mrs.,
port., 412, 422.
Coote, Canon H. C., 219.
“Cope Money,” paid by Canons of
Salisbury, 124.
Coprinus, species, 543, 548.
Corbould, Thos., Printer, 320.
Corhampton (Hants), Roman
dwellings, 230.
“ Corier,” ‘‘Curier,” in Cloth Trade,
222.
Cork, Sir Walt. Raleigh at, 123.
Cormorants, Fishing, 121.
Corn grown in Early Iron Age,
461.
Coronopus, species, 154.
Corr, Oliver, 580.
Corsham, 130, 233, 322, 580.
Church, 1845, Sir S.
Glynne's notes on, 189,190;
Mon. Inscriptions, 504; Stone
Screen, 190; Tomb of Sir J.
Hannam, 190. Court, illust.,
412, 413, 415; Biddestone Altar
Table at, 253 ; Picture of Virgin
from Bradenstoke, 76.
Flemish Houses, Bell, 253 ;
Tilust., 412. Hungerford
Almshouses, illusts., 412, 413.
Old Bath Road, 131.
Quarries, illusts., 412; (Pocke-
ridge) Mushroom growing, art.
noticed, 397 ; Monks Park, 396.
Stonework, illust., 413.
War Memorial, illust., 412.
Corsley House, illust., 415.
Corston, Canal proposed, 399,
Cortinarius, species, 548.
Corton (Boyton), MS. Notes, 595.
War Memorial, illust., 412.
Cosheston (Pemb.), Stonehenge
altar stone rock, 327, 328.
Costorphine, Igneous rocks, 329.
Cosway, portrait by, 424,
Cotes-by-Stow (Lincs.), Church,
Screen, 65.
Cothill Bog (Berks), Plants, 162,
Cotswolds, scene of story, 410.
Cottingham, Francis, builds Font-
hill Ho., 524.
Cottington, Ld., 536,
Cottle, Rich., 295,
Cotton, Geo. E. L., Master of
Marlborough, 383.
Coulston, Baynton House, 86.
Church, illusts., 618.
INDEX TO VOL.
XLII,
Coulthurst, his house at-
tacked, 616.
Counting out rhyme, 391.
Coventre family, notes on, noticed,
101; Hen., Joan, John (I, & IT. :
Nich., Will. (I. & II.), 101.
Thos. founds Almshouse at
Devizes, 101. Will. endows
Chantry in S. Mary’s, Devizes,
101, 244.
Coventry, St. Michael’s Church,
becomes Cathedral, 82.
Coventry, lst Bp. of, 82.
Coward, Edw., gift, 355 ; on mak-
ing of Dew Ponds, TA.
Maria, gifts, 272, 599. Rich.,
272 ; Coll. of Antiquities, 599.
Cowidge [Cowythe] Farm, grant of |
by Hen. VIII., 29, 30. |
Cowley, Earl & Countess, ports.,
421. Mr, 23.
Cox, Prof., A. H., 382.
ley, on Avebury, 612.
Crab, Hen. & Will, 222.
Crabbe, Geo., Poet, 222.
“Cranbourne Chase, ancient sites
in,” map by Heywood Sumner,
noticed, 271.
Crateegus species, 156.
Craven, Countess of, 362.
Crawford, O. G. S., 87, 71, 75, 364,
593, 598; “The Andover Dis-
trict, account of Sheet 283 of
Ordnance Map,” noticed, 261,
and
Hen.,
Hippis-
262; ‘‘ Agriculture in Ancient a
Wilts, Lynchets, Celtic,
Saxon,” noticed, 393; excava-
tions, 604 ; Gifts, 272, 355, 625; |
Notes and Remarks, 45, 46,131,
_ 594; on “ Air Survey and Arch-
ology,’ noticed, 616; on Air
Photo of Stonehenge Avenue,
405, 406; on Celtic and Saxon
Cultivation, 457; On Field
Work round Avebury, 1921,
52—63; on StonehengeA venue,
noticed, 520, 521’; on Stukeley’s |
unpublished drawings, 43 ;- Ot
White House at Ham, 733; |
Theory of Iron Age invasion,
512; Writings, 119.
Crawley, Rev. R., 440.
Cray, Joseph, 294, {
Cremated Interments,bones broken |
up ceremonially, 246.
Crepis, species, 152, 158.
Crewe, John, Ld., 29. Marquis.
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 647
of, represents Hungerfords, 29.
Cricklade, 233. Canal to Bristol
proposed, 399. Church St.
Sampson’s, 1842, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes on, 190—
192 ; illust..257 ; Tomb of Rob.
Jenner, 14; Visited, 47, 130.
St. Mary’s, 1842, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes 0x, 192,193;
Pulpit, 193; Visited, 47, 130.
Crosses, art. on, noticed, 129,
193 ; illusts., 130, 257. Dean
and Chapter of Salisbury patrons
of living, 11. Deeds, 425.
Election controlled by J. Pitt,
398. Lichens, 428, 429,
Endowed School, foundation and
history, 15, 16. Free School
founded by Rob. Jenner, 14;
Chancery Suit, 15; Masters, 16.
Rectory of East Widhill,
Tithing & Chapelof N.Widhill,11.
Crimean War, 608.
Crocker, Philip, drawings, 434.
Crofton (nr. Bedwyn), Freewarren,
389. Kennet & Avon Canal,
4, Lichens, 7. Plants,
151, 154, 163, 165.
Croke, Reg., 402.
Crombie, Rev. J. M., Botanist,
428, 430.
Cromwell, Oliver, ascriptions to,
257. Thos., injunctions, 219.
Crook, Mark, port., 420. Rob.
and Susan, 392.
Crosby Garret, Barrow, 461.
Crosfield, J. D., gift, 425.
‘* Cross Fleury,” writings, 624.
Crosses, see Blunsdon, Broad ;
Castle Combe ; Chichester ;
Cricklade; Lacock ; J.ydiard
Millicent; Malmesbury ; Wid-
hill ; Wraxall, Upper.
Croucheston Bottom, earthwork
enclosure, 72.
Crowdown Clump (Easton Royal),
592, 593.
Crowdy, Squire, stories of, 257.
Croyde Bay (Dev.), Scottish glacial
boulders, 335.
Crozier, G. B, writings, 418.
Crucibles, All Cannings, 118.
Crudwell, 428, 619. Broad
Way, 94. Songs, 380. West
End Farm, and Ridgeway Ho.,
illust., 416. See also Kast-
court Ho.
Crundell=Quarry, 516,
Cruse, Joel, Dew Pond Maker, 73.
Crymmych Arms (Pemb.), 330.
Cuckoo Pen, Beckhampton, 52.
Cuffe, Maud, d. of Rich., 102,
Cultivation, Celtic and Saxon
systems distinguished, 457.
Cumberland, Geo., 3rd Ear] of, 622.
Cumming, Tom, 24.
Cundell, Frank, 79.
Cunetio (Mildenhall), derivation,
58. No signs of streets
visible, 117. Roman Roads,
94,
Cunnington, Capt. B. H., 40, 340,
353, 359; Buys Figsbury, 128 ;
excavations, All Cannings and
Battlesbury, 41, 68, 347.
Gifts, 40, 41, 133, 135, 273, 346,
355, 424, 425, 431, 625 ; Meeting
Secretary, 48; on the Blue
Stone from Boles Barrow,
431—437, figs.; remarks, 349 ;
writings, 103, 105, 409.
C. W., gifts, 425. Eliza,
438, 434. Eliz., 431.
Hen. finds Blue Stone Stump at
Stonehenge, 333. Mrs. M. E.,
09, 473, 487, 492; Excavations,
All Cannings and Battlesbury,
41, 68, 347; gifts, 40, 41, 134, 346,
424 ; lends gold bracelet to B. M.,
346; ‘“*The Early Iron Age in-
habited site at All Cannings
Cross Farm,” noticed, 411—414 ;
On Bronze AgeCinerary Urn
from Knowle, 245, 246 (jig.);
On Brooches from Cold Kit-
chen Hill, 67—69 (jigs.);
On Late Bronze Age Gold
Bracelet from Clench Com-
mon, 69, 70 (jig.) ; On the
name Godsbury, 592, 593;
on New ‘Theories of Avebury,
592; On Pitsin Battlesbury
Camp, 368— 372 (figs.); On
Saxon Spindle Whorl with
cabalistic signs, 246, 247
(fig) ; on “ Village Site of Hall-
statt period,” noticed, 118, 119;
Remarks and Notes, 45, 46, 601 ;
Restores pottery vessels, 118,
346, 513 ; writings, 105, 134, 409.
Will.,.(E:G.S.), 325, 4338,
610 ; Coll. of Stonehenge Stones,
333, 340; Owns Mazer, 76.
Will. (F.S.A.), 610; Finds Blue
648 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Stone in Boles Barrow, 431 ;
House at Heytesbury, 43838 (fig.);
Letter and Notes, 431.
Currie, Sir James, port., 421.
Lady, buys Upham, 111 ; hospi-
tality, 351; Ports., 420—422.
Cuscuta, species, 159.
Cuxhaven, raid on, 374.
Cynete, Battle of,at E. Kennett, 96.
Cyphelium, species, 3.
Daguerre,photographic discoveries,
386.
Dainton, Lt., port., 419.
d’Almaine, H. G. W., gift, 355;
Guide, 44.
Damasen (Christian name), 221.
Dampton Gap, Broadstairs, loom
weight, 486.
Danby, Karl of (Sir Hen. Danvers),
founds Oxford Botanic Garden,
359, 538.
Dance, Geo., work at Bowood, 35.
Danckers, Picture by, 252.
Danes Graves (Yorks.), Brooch, 68.
Danewort, 151.
Dangan, Lord, port., 421.
Danvers family, tombs at W. Lav-
Ington, 204. Ann, brass,
Dauntsey, 193. Sir Charles,
359, Sir Hen., Earl of Danby,
359; Monument at Dauntsey,
193. Sir John and Clothiers,
538, 540; Brass and ‘Tomb,
Dauntsey, 193; Regicide, 359 ;
MS. Book as Sheriff, described,
309 ; Silvester, 359.
Darbishire, C. W., port., 419.
Dare, Leonard, 579.
Darling, Sam, port., 421.
Darrell, Constantine and Johanna,
Brass, Collingbourne Kingston,
188. Joan, w. of Constantine,
575. Sir John, 595.
Will., of Littlecote, 575.
Dartford (Kent), Swan Inn, 18.
Dartmouth, Earl of, 83.
Dartnell, H. W., gifts, 134, 273.
Darwent, Will., 103.
Dauntsey Church, 1864, Sir
S.Glynne’s Notes, 193,194;
Glass, 193; Incised slab, 194;
Painting of Doom, 194; Monu-
ments, 193; Screen and Stalls,
193. Danvers family, 359.
Derivation, A. S. Charters.
515. Feast, rhyme, 391.
Idover Farm, derivation,
515. Old Road, 94. Rec-
tory, tiles from Bradenstoke, 400.
Daventry, 99.
Davidson, W., writings, 398.
Davies, Mr., 340. Thos., 825.
Davis family, 556. Edw., 16.
John, 220, 223. Moll., port.,
at Charlton, 260.
Davison, John, 225.
Davy, photographic discoveries,
386. John & Agnes, 396.
Dawkins, Charles ; Edw.; Rich. (I.
& IT.), 525. Hen. 522, 525.
Sir W. Boyd, on Stonehenge, 338.
Dawney Court, Ch. II. at, 252.
Dawson, Rob., 103.
De Burgh, Lord, 389.
Dean, West, 271.
Dean, Thos., ‘‘ Dying Speech,” 397.
Deans, Jeannie, 260.
Dedication of Churches, Feast,589.
Deeds, ancient, given to Museum,
135, 507.
Deer, Red & Roe in Wilts, 392.
Deer Horn Picks, Silbury,
216, 218,
Defoe, Dan., on Woollen trade, 103.
Delaney, Mrs. (Mary Granville),
port., 424,
Delft, Bristol, Posset pot, 43.
Della Chiesa, Pompeo, Armour by,
399.
Dennington (Suff.), Church Screen,
65
Dennis arms on Mantelpiece, 596.
Alce, 12. Ann, 596,
Dr. Thos., 596.
“Derby Daily Telegraph,” 315.
Derry Hill, 322.
Dereham, West (Norf.), 125.
Dereham, Elias de, 134; Biog.
notice, 125; built Leadenhall,
Salisbury, 124; built Salisbury
Cathedral & Winchester Castle
eee 125 ; Sermon on, noticed,
125,
D’ Este, Marie, 126. -
Dettingen, Battle of, 263.
Deverell, Roger, 223.
Devil’s Den, 116. Illusts., 115,
415, 419. Work and cost of
concreting the upright, 41, 117,
135.
Devizes, 97, 617. “ Advertiser,”
231, 240. Air Photo, illust.,
413. Almshouse in 8. John’s
Churchyard founded by Thos,
INDEXG TO VOL. Xiu 649
Coventre, rebuilt, 101.
Anabaptist Meeting House, 264.
“And District,” by T. H. S.
Ferris, noticed, 618. “And
Wiltshire Gazette,” 231, 232.
Assizes, 320. Baptists, ‘‘ The
Actts of the,” art. noticed, 105 ;
Chapels built, 105 ; Hist. of, art.
noticed, 105; New Baptists
secede, 105, Bear Hotel,
illust., 618, Beedle or Com-
mon Crier, order for election of
397. Big Lane, illust , 618.
Blewitt’s Cottages (Bluett
Court), 102. ‘ Booke of the
Constitutions of,” given to
Library, 397, 625; contents de-
scribed, 614, 615. Bread
baked, 1753--1802, 103.
Brittox, early spellings of name,
264; illusts., 104, 618.
Brown & May’s Foundry, 606.
Canal, illusts., 104, 618.
Carriers to, 1637, 387. Castle,
art. by W. H. Butcher, noticed,
117; illusts., 104, 414; Artisans
impressed for repairs, 1433, 101 ;
Built by Bp. Roger, 392 ; Dower
of Queens, 100, 392; Entrance
to, site of, 264; Materials from,
265. Charity of Frank Simpson,
scheme for, 273, 397. Child-
ren, illust., 414. Church, St.
James’s, see Southbroom.
St. John’s Church, illusts., 97,
104, 396, 618; Sir S. Glynne’s
notes on. 194; Bell, 99;
Chapel, 177; Norman stones
from aisles found in Almshouse
walls, 101 ; Tower, 207. St.
Mary’s Church, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes on, 194,
195; Chantries founded by
Will. Coventre,101, 264 ; Church
Lands, 100, 113; Door, 195;
Roof inscriptions, 195 ; Roof
repairs, 624; Tomb in church-
yard, 195. Rom. Catholic
Church, 503. Coaches, Lists
of, 387. Corn Market, 235.
Common Coffer, keepers of,
615. Congregational Church,
Hist. of, noticed, 103. Con-
stitution of the Borough, Book
One 425: Coventre’s Dole,
origin and loss of, 101, 102.
Drapers’ Company, entrance fee,
101. Drews Pond, illust.,
618; constructed, 102,
‘Flying Chaise” to London,
387. Furze Hill, 392.
Gallows Ditch, 392. Green
Fair, date and origin, 265.
‘Greystone House, by EK. Kite,
noticed, 98, 99. “Guide,
Official,” noticed, 104; given,
135. Hare & Hounds Street,
103. Hartmoor, 392 ; illust.,
618. “Herald & N. Wilts
Intelligencer,” Hist. of, 320.
Hillworth House, illusts., 415.
Hospital, Rontgen Rays,
502, Independents, rise of,
264. Justice Kent’s MS.
Ledger Book, 347. Hospital
Week Prizes, illust., 413.
House wrecked by gale, illust.,
416. Houses, Old, arts. on
by E. Kite, noticed, 264, 265.
Lower Park Farm, 392.
Market, art. on, noticed, 117.
Market Cross built by Id.
Sidmouth, 100. Market Place
and Street, drawings & illusts.,
104, 425, 618. Marsh Lane,
392. Maryport Street, 264.
Merchant Guild, 101.
Ministers ejected, 1662, 264.
Musical Festival, illust., 413.
Devizes Museum and_ Library,
additions and gifts, 40, 133, 272,
273, 847, 424—426, 594, 612, 625,
626. All Cannings Cross
objects, 346. Antiquities from
Roundway, 599, 600 (jig.).
Battlesbury objects, 869. Caley
Coll. of Wilts MS. bought, 373.
Cases, new, appeal for and
list of subscriptions, 41, 346, 355.
Egyptian Mummy and
Ethnological objects sold, 346.
Electrotype copies of gold
objects exhib., 251, 347.
Fyfield Bavant Pits, objects
from and models, 462. Gold
objects lent to B. Museum, 40,
42, 346, 347. La Tene I.
Brooches, 69. Maintenance
and Purchase Funds, 39.
Objects in, 70, 76, 216, 624.
“Outline Guide to Archeological
periods,” noticed, 105. Stour-
head Coll., rearranged, 346,
Visited, 396.
650 INDEX TO VOL, XLII.
Devizes. Navvy Brigade, illust.,
416. New Bridewell MS.
building accounts, 425,
Newspapers, Hist. of, 231,
319—321. Northgate St.,
392. Nursteed, 102.
“Old Park,” by E. Kite, noticed,
392; Boundaries, 392; Deer,
cost of feeding, 392; En-
closed by Bp. Roger, 392;
Held by Karl of Pembroke, &c.,
832 ; House, builders, & owners,
3938 ; Illusts.,415 ; King’s Grey-
hounds & Falcons, 392 ; moated
site of Lodge, 392; Vallum &
Ditch, 392. Ordinances for
Election, and Oaths of Borough
Officials, 614, 615. Park
Dale, 392. Prison described,
“The Passing of,” art., noticed,
105, 106; Clock, 133; Executions
at, 106, 397; Governor’s House,
cells, &e., illusts., 105, 413, 414;
Governors, lists of, 106; Inci-
dents in Hist of, noticed, 397;
Sold, 105. Procession round
town of new Rector, 104.
Quakers’ Burial Ground, Hill-
worth, 112; “‘ Walk,” derivation,
100; Illusts., 104, 618.
Rainfall, 1922, 255. Re-
corder, 607. Rectors, list
of, 265. Rector’s Bible Class,
ports., 420. Rectory, Old,
pulled down, site of, 265.
. St. John’s Court, Almshouse, &c.,
art. on, noticed, 101, 102.
St. John’s Parish Room, 264,
Scouts’ Hall given, 502.
Second Poor Charity, 104
Sheep Street, 103. Simnel
Cakes, 102. ~~ Surbatt’s
Charity Land, 100. Stage
Waggons, 1690, &e., 131, 386.
Suicide’s burial, 104.
Sunny Hill Farm, 392. Tea
Smugglers, 1783, 104. Town
_ Hall, Portraits of Mayors, 117.
“Vise Sand Way,” 392.
Volunteers, 1799, Colours of, 100.
War Memorial illusts., 412,
413, 419. Weavers’ Guild
Arms, 101; Meeting Place, 100 ;
Hall, art. on, by E. Kite, noticed,
100, 101. Wesley at, 130.
White Hart Inn, 112.
Wick, 102. Wine Street,
100, 233, 238. See also
Southbroom.
Devon and Cornwall, Glacial boul-
ders, 335. “Devon and
Exeter Gazette,” 315. Regt ,
377.
Devonshire, Duchess of, port., 423.
Earl of, 106.
De Witte, Emanuel, Painter, 400.
Dew Ponds, makers of, at Imber,
Rev. E. Glanfield on, noticed,
73,74; method of making de-
scribed, 73, 74; origin of water,
74,
Dewey, Mr., 479. H., 390.
Dialect, Wiltshire, 180, 257.
Dianishia (Christian name), 221.
Dickenson, Major, 86. Eliz.,
86. Frissy, 221. Ji
(Botanist) 427, 428, 430.
Diego in Legend of N. D. de
Guadaloupe, 77.
Dilton, 252, Dilingtun, A. 8S.
Charter, not Wilts, 515.
War Memorial Tablet illust.,
412.
Dilton Marsh Co-op. Store, illust.,
412.
Dingley, Thos., 268.
Dinton, 620. Beeches, Bronze
Palstave, 75 ; Roman Road, true
line of, 94. MS. Notes, 595.
Dioctria, species, 81.
Diploschistes, species, 6.
Diston, John, 557—560, -
Ditchampton, Roman Road, course
of, 94.
Ditchfield, E., 576—579. Rev.
P. H., gift, 273 ; writings, 418.
Ditteridge Church, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 195, 196.
Speke family, 432.
Dixon, Mr., gift, 135. Mrs.,
510. Mary, 245.
- §. B., house illust., 418.
Dobson, Will. G., Printer, 322.
Doddington, Thos.,. built Wood-
lands House, 613.
Dodington, Geo. Bubb, Lord
Melcombe, erects column at
Hammersmith, 116.
Dole Stones, see Potterne.
‘“‘Dolemead,” Bedborough, 102.
Dolforgan Park (Montgomerys.), 3
518.
Dominical Letter on Brass atMere, |
212.
INDEX TO VOL XLII. 651
Donaldson, Bp. St. Clair G. A.,
422; Ports., 420, 421, 423; wri-
tings, 407.
Donhead, A. S. Charter, noé Wilts,
516.
Donhead St. Andrew and St. Mary,
MS. Notes, 595.
Donner, Sophie M., port., 420.
Donnington (Berks), 557.
Doons, Sam., 222.
Dorchester Museum, 486.
Dorchester, Ann, d. of Roger, 114,
Dotesio, Mr., 363.
Doulting (Som.), Roman Road,
94.
Dovecot in Collingbourne Ducis
Church Tower, 572.
Dover, 377.
Down ‘Ampney, Sir J. Hungerford,
13.
Downside, 84.
Downton, Charlton, MS. Notes, 595.
Church, Sir S. Glynne’s
Notes on, 196, 197; Barrel
Organ, 197; Duncombe Monu-
ments, 197. Tllusts., 415.
Hop Yards, 311. In-
ventory of Goods of Sir
C. Raleigh, 1698, 307—312.
Lichens, 430. Saxon
Charters, 515. Vicarage
Garden, 197.
Doyley, John, 576, 578.
Drainage in Wilts, illusts., 413.
Draycot Cerne, A. 5S. Charter, 517.
Church, architecture, by J.
Lee Osborn, noticed, 114.
House, Old, illust., 115: Modern,
illust., 415; Sale of Furniture,
illusts., Al. Manor held
by Sergeanty, 115. Sir R.
Long of, 260.
_ Draycot Foliott, annexed to Chisel-
don, MS. Notes on, 594. |
_ Drew, John (I.—IV.), 102.
Nath., 100. Rob. (1., IT.),
102, 264. Will, 599.
pe Discs of Chalk for use with,
88.
Drinkwater (Surname), 221.
'“ Drouchet,” “ Drucet,” “ Druct-
maker,’ =Drugget-maker, 222.
'Druce, Dr. G. C., on Plants, 153,
| 155, 158—164.
‘Druley (Som.), Roman Road, 94.
Drury, Archdeacon, restores Brem-
| hill Church, 115.
/VOL. XLII.—NO. CXLI.
i
Dryden at Charlton, 259.
Jharles, b. at Charlton, 259.
Drysdale, Rob., Beckford’s Tutor,
Letters noticed, 525.
“ Duccke Tucker,” in Cloth Trade,
222.
Duckett family, 31 ; own Calstone
and Hartham, 28, Thos.
sells Calstone, 28, Will, 28,
Ducks, White Muscovy, 121.
Dudley, 378.
“ Dugdale of Seend,” by A. Schom-
berg, noticed, 503, 618.
John, arms, illust., 618.
Dukes, ‘Taxes on Marriage and
Burial, 220.
Dumfries, 113.
Dun Goos, 61.
Dunche, Edmund, of Little Witten-
ham (Berks), 18.
Duncombe family, Barons Fever-
sham, Monuments at Downton,
197. Sir Charles, 197.
‘“Dungpotts,” 310,
Dunne, John, 608. Gen. Sir
John Hart, Col. of Wilts Regt.,
obit., 608; port., 420.
Dunning, W. J., port., 420.
Dunstanville, Walt. de, effigy at
Castle Combe, 182.
Dunster (Som.) Church, screen, 65.
Durham Cathedral, work of Elias
de Dereham, 125. School, 244.
Durham, Mr., 16.
Durnford, 620. MS. Notes,
595. See also Salterton.
Dykes, see Earthworks.
Earle, Mrs. S. K. L., writings, 409.
Early, Jabez, Dew Pond maker, 73.
Earthworks. Camps older than
Dykes, 393; Placed at regular
distances (7), 45; Small square,
assigned to Bronze Age, really of
Early Iron Age (7), 394, 512; see
Battlesbury ; Burderop; Chisel-
bury ; Figsbury ; Handley Hill;
Langford, Hanging; Scratch-
bury ; Uffington. Circular
Earthworks=circl, art. by A. H.
Allcroft noticed, 519; see Ber-
wick St. John; Swallowcliffe.
Dykes, Boundary, 8. Wilts,
age and object of, 893, 520.
Rectangular enclosures, see Wan-
borough, Sugar Hill, Square
Mounds, 59. See also Hill
Deverill ; Shepherds’ Shore.
Des
652 INDEX TO VOL. - XLII.
Eastbury House (Essex), 404.
Eastcourt House, enlarged by J.
Pitt, Greenhouses built, 398.
Kasterton, “‘ summerway,” 94.
Eastleigh Wood=“ Igleah,” 95.
Kaston Royal, Crowdown Clump.
barrow, 592. Barrow errone-
ously called ‘“‘ Godsbury,” 592.
Easton Grey Church, 1864.
Sir S. Glynne’s notes, 197:
illust., 413. House and
- gardens, illus ts., 418, 416, 418
Eastwell House(Potterne),modern-
ized, 114.
Eatanswill Press of Pickwick not
founded on Devizes Papers, 286.
Ebbesbourne Wake, A.S. Charter,
517. Barrow opened, 249,
250, 598; Barrows unrecorded,
Posse’s Hlaewe in Beer Patch
field, Barrow Hill, &c., 598.
Monks’ Hole, 483. Ridge-
war, 598.
Ebble Valley, A. S. Charters, 98.
Ridgeway, 95.
Eebright’s Stone, at Willoughby
Hedge, 95.
Kchium, species, 152, 159.
Eddowes, Dr. Alfred, Stonehenge
Theories, 91. Charles, obit.,
244,
Edgeworth, Canon Roger, 408.
Edington, 180, 224, Church,
1859, Sir S. Glynne’s notes
on, 197—199; Architecture,
109; Brass, imprint of 198 ;
Effigy, 198; Rood loft, 65.
Priory, art. on, noticed, 505;
Buildings of, 199 ; Founded by
Bp. Will. of Edington, 197, 504.
Football illust., 412.
Site of Aithandune, 95.
Visited, 396.
Edmonds, Stephen, of Baydon,
Brief for relief, 558.
Edward VII., King, Birth of, 36.
Edwards family, 556. Mr., 75.
_ _, Job, Collection of An-
tiquities in Salisbury Museum,
75, 602. Sydenham, paints
Sheep, 253. Miss M. K.
Swayne, gift, 626; Writings,
130, 621, 626.
Effigies, see Bedwyn, Gt., Bradford-
on-Avon,CastleCombe,Charlton,
near Malmesbury, Collingbourne
Kingston, Edington, Kingston
Deverill, Langley Burrell,
Malmesbury Abbey, Monkton
Farleigh, Stourton, Tollard
Royal, Upton Level, Wanbor-
ough. Skulls carried by
Effigies, 279.
Eggardun, Sling Bullets, 483.
Egremont, Earl of, 23, 617.
Egyptian Antiquities, Passmore
Coll., 43.
Ela, Countess and Sheriff, as
Abbess, Legend of Knight Talbot,
385.
Eldridge, John, builds Old Park
House, Devizes, 393.
Election of 1837, 236.
Eleocharis, species, 151, 163.
Eliz., Queen, 259.
Ellandune, Battle, site of N. of
Wroughton, 95.
Ellesmere, Lord, 579.
Ellicott, A. B., 64.
Elliott, Rich., 103.
Embroidery, School of Mrs. New-
all, 510.
Enford, 227, 620. ACS
Charter, 516. * Enford
Jack,” 391. Tllust., 620.
Engletield, Sir Francis & Honora,
259.
Engleheart, Rev. G. H., 69; Gift,
355; on Blue Stone from Boles
Barrow, 486; on Stonehenge, 89,
404, 406 ; on Age of Stonehenge,
noticed, 88, 90.
Enmore Green (Dors.), 607.
Enterographa, species, 8.
Entoloma, species, 545.
Kolith in gravel, Andover, 261.
Epilobium, species, 157, 159.
Episcopate in Wilts, &., Early
Annals, MS. notes by W. H.
Jones, 595.
Equisetum, species, 151, 166.
Karle family held Eastcourt House,
398.
Erasmus, 106.
Erchfont Church, Sir S&S.
Glynne’s notes, 300.
Flint Celt, 272. “ Summer-
way, 94.
Eriophorum, species, 152, 162, 163,
Er-Lanic (Morbihan) Stone Circles, : |
Age of, 592. ~
Erlestoke Church, 1859, Sir |
S. Glynne’s notes, 199, 1
“And its Manor Lords,” art. |
_ Essex Arch. Soc., 404.
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
noticed, 507. ** King’s
Stoke,” in novel, 617. Park,
103, 507; House, illusts., 414,
415,417; Library, 133; Picture
from, 400.
Ermine Street, Roman Road, name
modern, 94. |
Ernle family, 24.
Erodium, species, 154.
Erophila, species, 154.
Erriff (Connemara), Lichens, 2
Erythrea, species, 158.
KEscott, John, 17. Rich., 100.
** Kissex
Review,” 404.
Estcourt House, 100.
Estcourt, Mrs., owns Greystone
Ho., Devizes, 99. Eleanor,
100. Thos. G. B., & Rt. Hon.
'’. H. S. at New Park, 100.
Esturmy Horn at Tottenham Ho.,
352, 388.
Ksturmy, Rich., holds Wulfhall,
388. Sir Will, 388.
Etchilhampton, 321. Dor-
chester family, 114. Hill,
Monument, Robbery, 103.
Ethandune, Battle,site at Edington,
Oo: men
Eton, 378.
Euphrasia, species, 159.
Evans, Anstice; Bridget; Mary ;
Thos. (I.—IV.), 226. Sir
Arthur, remarks, 68. DFC:
340. Ellen and J. Mel.
bourne, 84.
“Evening N. Wilts Herald,” Hist.
of, 319.
| Everard, Edw., 317.
| Everett, Will. ;
|
3
Will. Gifford, 99,
Everley, 87. Ancient Road, 94,
Eversley, Lord, writings, 404, 611.
Ewart, And., 112, Marg., 112 ;
Obit., 85. Wilfred, writings,
85 ; Will, 85; buys Broadleas,
obit. notice, 112,
_ Ewhurst (Surrey), 85.
Ewyas, Harold (Heref)., 282.
Excavations, see All Cannings
Cross ;_ Battlesbury; Fyfield
-Bavant ; Haxton Down; Stone:
Cathedral,
Minstrels’ Gallery, 208 ; Wooden
tracery, 110.
_ Eyethorne(Kent),oldest Dissenting
Chapel, 618.
653
Kyles Edw., rebuilds Southbroom
Ho., 102, 104. John (II.),
102. Sir John buys South-
broom, 102, 105. Maria, 102.
Kysey, “ Farmer’s Close,” 13.
Manor bought by Rob.Jenner, 13.
Faber, John, Portrait by, 424.
Faculties for Church alterations,
enforced, 348.
* Faierman,” 222.
Fairford (Glos.), 13.
Glass, Visited, 47.
Fairhurst, Amy, port., 421.
Fakenham (Norf.), Brief for, 559.
Falconer’s Hall (Yorks.), 121.
Falconry, 1808, 121.
Farey, Cyril A., 414, 416.
Farleigh Hungerford, 396.
Castle, Restorations, illusts., 412,
415. Wiltshire Park Farm,
Wuste 4lkr
Farleigh Wick, Ridgeway, 95.
Farley, Mr., 359. Sam, Printer,
440,
Farmer, Mr., 353; Schoolmaster,
Cricklade, 16.
Farming experiments, Rood Ash-
ton, 518.
Farnham (Surrey), Badshot Place,
581.
Farquhar, Mr., buys Fonthill,
account of, 523, 524.
Farrer, Percy, on two Disc
Barrows on Haxton Down,
604.
Fashion Plates, Hist. of, 410.
Faversham, Roman BronzeJug,601.
Fawcett, Prof., 251.
Fea, Allan, ‘* Where
Linger,” noticed, 620.
Feasts, Parish, Dates and Origin,
588. Ordered by Pope
Gregory, 589. Altered from
winter to summer, 590. In
N. Wilts, Rhyme, 391.
“ Felix Farley’s Journal,” 232.
‘“* Feltmaker,” Trowbridge, 222.
Fenny Sutton, see Sutton Veny,
613.
Fergusson, James, portrait by, aa
Perris, KR. C., 323. Hes
“Devizes and District,” by,
noticed, 618.
Festuca, var., 164.
Fettiplace, Thos., 16
Feversham, Anthony, Ld., founder
of Salisbury Infirmary, port., 521.
oO hae
Church,
Traditions
654 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Ffordd Fflemming (Pemb.),ancient
Road, 330.
Ffoulkes, Ch., writings, 138.
Field names, see Kennet.
Fieldfares absent 1923, 256.
Fiennes Celia, Diary, 383.
Fifield Bavant, see Fyfield.
Fifield (nr. Marlborough), Lichens
427—429.
Figheldean, 620, 623.
Figsbury Rings Camp, art. on,
noticed, 128. Bought by
B. H. Cunnington, 41, 128.
Inner Ditch, 128.
“Figure Stone” flints, 381.
Filkes, John, 105, 264.
Fillol, Kath., 389.
Filton, 399.
Fire Engine, Old, Malmesbury,
illust., 413.
Firman, Rev. S8., 251; Gifts, 133,
626.
Fisherton Anger, Blackfriars, Earl
of Bath’s Bears at, 396.
Church, 1824, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 199.
Gaol disused, 105.
Fisherton De la Mere, 510.
Fishing Royal, Brief for advance-
ment of, 557.
Fistulena, species, 255.
Fittleton, see Haxton.
Fitza]l [Fidsall], Mary and Sam.,
264.
Fitzgerald, Ld. Walt., writings, 126.
Fitzherbert, deed, 504.
Fitzmaurice, Ld., 19,26; Gift, 355.
Flammula, species, 543, 546.
Flaxman, Monument by, in
Salisbury Cath., 287. |
Fletcher, G. I’, port., 419.
Canon, J. M. J., 442; Gifts, 278,
625 ; ‘‘ Black Death in Dorset”
noticed, 270, 271 ; “Thomas
Bennet, Chancellor & Precen-
tor” noticed, 612,613 ; Writings,
125, 408, 625.
Flints, see Stone.
Flow, H., 220.
Flower, Ben., 264. Cn Tngatt,
350. Margery ; Rich. ; Rob. ;
Stephen; Thos., 99. Roger,
264,
Foel Trygarn (Pemb.), Rhyolite
Rocks, 381, 332.
Folk Lore, Counting out Rhyme,
ol. Demon Stag, Lushill,
257. Dole Stone, see Potterne.
Ghost, Sevenhampton, 257.
Gripping Trowbridge Church,
414. Hanging Stones, 75.
Headless Horseman, Malmes-
bury, 619. Mummers, 391.
Scrigging Apples, 391.
Shoemakers, 391. Skim-.
mingtons, 391. Slan feast,
Blunsdon, 257. Special Water
for Baptism, Potterne, 390.
Stones “growing,” 257. . See
also Witches.
“Folk Songs of the Upper
Thames,” by A. Williams, no-
ticed, 379, 380.
Folkestone, Lady, port., 421.
Lord buys Widhill, 17 ; ports.,
421—423.
Folliott & Sons, Messrs., 128.
Folly=monument, 36.
Folly Farm, Lichen and Plants, 6, |
117, 152, 153, 155, 158, 161—164.
Fontenoy, battle, 263. &
Fonthill and Beckford, 620. bit
Fonthill Abbey, 1812, illust., 524. —
Bought by Mr. Farquhar,
523. Britton and Rutter’s
Rival Books on, 525, Ceil-
ing pictures from at Bath, 524. |
Cellini Cup sold, 524. a
Cost of Abbey, 524. Fall of
Tower, 524.
men, &c., 524.
with spire, 524.
Gallery, illust., 524.
of 100 years ago,” noticed, 523.
Fonthill House, demolished, 524, —
Rooms described, 525.
. Woollen Factory built near, 524,
Fonts, see ‘‘ Notes on Wiltshire
Churches,” by Sir 8. Glynne,
277— 306.
Foreman, (—), landat Bowood, 32.
Forestier Walker, Lt.-Col. R. and
Mrs., ports., 421, 428.
Forests, often on Watersheds, 261.
See Chippenham, Melk-
sham, Savernake.
Forster, Edw., Botanist,5,9,427—
430; Colln. in B. M., 1, 3—5. —
Fortt, Messrs., 238.
Forwarde, Agnes, 612.
Fosbury, account of, noticed, 261.
Fosse way, 95. Scene of story, |
410.
A. S. Charter;>
First design
St. Michael’s
Fovant, 79.
Féte to Work- |
u Sales ‘ |
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
516. Greensand and Pur-
beck stone, 479. Pits, 347.
Ridgeway, 95.
Fowler, Rich., 52.
Fox, Caroline, 26, 27. Jad.
239. John R., Editor ‘* Wilts
Independent,” account of, 238,
239,
Foxbury Wood, Fungi, 544, 546—
551, 553. Lichens, 2, 3, 7, 9,
Plants; dol, W529, 154, (155,
157—164, 166,
Foxcroft, Mary, d. of E. T. D., 508.
Foxham, A. 8S. Charter, 516.
Elde Street, Ancient Road,
94,
Foxley Church, 1864, Sir S.
Glynne’s Notes, 199.
Framlingham Castle, expenses
1526, 259.
Frampton, Will., 315.
Franchet, Prof., 520 ; on Avebury
and Serpent Worship, 591.
Francis, Will., 108.
Franklin, John; Rob. ; Thos., 104.
Frankfort, 112.
Fraser, A., ‘“‘ Malmesbury Tales,”
noticed, 619. J. A,, cift, 355.
Mr., writings, 398.
Frayling, John, 264.
Freame, Mrs., founds Baptists in
Devizes, 105. John, 264,
Free, W. E. and Mrs., gift, 183.
Freegard, Mr. and Mrs., ports.,
420.
Frekylton, Hen., Brass at Ald-
bourne, 564, 566.
Fremington (Dev.), Brief for fire,
509.
French, Earl, 97, 98; at Rood
Ashton, 411.
Fricker, Mr., 431.
Friday Street, Ancient Road, 94.
Frohawk, F. W., note, 78.
Frome, 233, 615.
Froxfield Almshouse (Somerset
Hospital), account noticed, 345 ;
Land sold, 354; Lichens and
Ferns, 6, 151, 165; visited, 354 ;
Widows’ Maintenance, 354.
Almshouse Copse, Lichens, 3, 4,
5. Church, visited, Chalice,
354, Fungi, 545, Oak-
hill, Lichens and Plants, 5, 7, 8,
162. Plants, 151, 153, 158,
159. Trinkledown Copse,
plants, 161.
f
655
Frustfield, derivation, 517.
Fulford, Mr. and Mrs., ports, 420,
Fuller, Lady, port., 421.
Bridget, port., 422. Goor:,
401. Sir John, 421.
Patience, port., 422. R.-F.,
gift, 355.
423.
Fullerton, Sir James, 578.
Fumaria, species, 153.
Funeral expenses in 19th cent.,
noticed, 397.
Fungi of Savernake Forest,
by C. P, Hurst, 543—555.
Edible, 255. Poisonous,
Col. W. F., port.,
543.
Furniture, late 17th Cent., see
Downton, Inventory of Sir C.
Raleigh, 307.
Fusiliers, Royal, 377,
Fyfield (Berks), 510.
Hytolé (nr. Marlborough), Lichens,
Fyfield House (nr, Pewsey), illust.,
417, 418. Manor House,
illust., 417, 620.
Fyfield Bavant Down, 249.
Baulks and Lynchets, chessboard
type, 457.
Fyfield Bavant Down, Early
Iron Age Site, by R. C. C.
Clay, 457—496., figs.
Animal Remains, by J. W.
Jackson, 492, 493.
Cereals found, by Prof. R.
H. Biffen, 493, 494, figs.
La Tene 1. Skull, by
Sir A. Keith, 494, 496, figs.
Breast pieces of drills,
chalk, 488, Bone objects,
479—481, Bronze Pin, &c.,
479. Corn of good quality,
461. Flint Pot Boilers
numerous, 461. Flint
Scrapers, &c., 478. Hammer-
stone, perforated, 477.
Human Remains, Cup made out
of Skull, 489, 490, fig. Jron
objects, 482, 483; Ring Headed
Pins, 483; Rom.-Brit. Brooch.
482; Thistle Headed Pin, 483,
Iron Smelted on spot, 461.
Loom Weights, 484—486,
Sigs. Meat, burnt, found,
461. Pits described, 457,
469—472, jfigs.; date of, 462;
Dwellings, 457; Excavation,
656 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
method of, 458; Found by ham-
mering turf, 457 ; Models & Ob-
jects found, at Devizes Museum,
- 462; Table of Pits, 463—468.
’ Pottery,475— —477 jigs.; Age
compared with All Cannings
- Cross, 514; Mostly La Tene I.,
462; Rom.-Brit., 459 ; ‘* Tuyere
for Smelting, 461. Roman
Coin, 479, 482. Querns, 478,
479. Sling Bullets, 483, 484,
jigs. Spindle whorls, 486—
Wattle & "Daub,
Fynamore family, 24, 31.
Gaby (—), 25.
Galanthus, 162.
Gale, Rob., Charity to Chippenham,
114. J. T., port., 420.
Galera, species, 546.
Galium, species, 157.
Galloway, erratic blocks, 335.
Gardner, Dr. Eric, 246. Bac.
Gifts, 133.
“ Garethru,” defined, 516.
Garinges, Alicia, 385.
Garnet, Charles, port., 420.
Garnier, R. M., 109.
Garth, Charles, 104.
Gascoigne, Capt. Charles, buys
Southbroom, 103.
Gastrophilus, species, 81.
Gaune, see Gawen.
Gauntlett, Pipe Maker, Amesbury,
621.
Gavr Inis (Morbihan), Inscribed
Stones, 337.
Gay, Dr. John, 244.
Gauffering Irons, 133.
Gawen [Gaune, Gawne, Gawmel],
family,556; hold land at Bowood,
ole See also Gouen.
Gearinge, Hen., 576.
Gee, Eliz., d. of John, 508.
Geff, a M., 505.
Gems, Ancient, Story Masieclyne
Collection, 717, 399.
Genista, species, 154,
Gent, F., 352, 353.
Gentiana, species, 151—153, 158.
“(entleman’s Magazine,” 324.
Geology of Andover Neighbour-
hood, noticed, 261. See also
Maiden Bradley, Mere, Swindon
Museum.
George Inns, Holborn & Aldersgate,
Stage Coaches to Wilts, 130.
George (Prince), consort of Queen
Anne, 440.
George, Reuben, 43; Biog. notice,
398 ; Port., 422.
Geranium, species, 80, 152, 154.
White robertianum, 255.
Gerrard, Francis, 582.
Ghy (surname), 221.
Gibbons, Sir Will., 621.
Gibbs family at Heywood, 107.
Anthony ; Geo. A., 85.
Victoria de B. (Mrs. Geo.), obit.,
85; Port., 518. Will., 18.
Giffard, Kev. A. W. G., 44.
Gifford, Anne, 110. Geo. and
Mrs., ports, 420. Will W,,
obit., 87.
Giggan Street Hatches on the
Wylye in A. S. Charter, 516.
Gilbert, John, bequest to St.
Mary’s, Devizes, 102. Rich.
and Marg., 102.
Gilford, A., port., 421.
Gillingham (Dors.), 607.
Gillman, Ch., founds “ Devizes
Advertiser,” 240.
Gillson, Lt.-Col. R. M. T., ‘Short
Hist. of the Wilts Regt.” noticed,
262—264.
Gilmore, John, 586.
Gingell family, 556.
Girling, F. J. W., 47.
Gisborough (Yorks), 558.
Gisburn (Yorks.), 557.
Gladstone family own Hawarden,
442,. H., 167. Will. E.,
442,
Glanely, Lord and Lady, ports.,
421-—423.
Glanfield, Rev. E., gift, 355; note,
78; on Dew Ponds, noticed, 73,74.
Glanvill, Sergeant, 402.
Glass, Painted, Gt. Bedwyn Ch.,
116; Dauntsey.Ch.,193; Edington
Ch., 197; Latton Ch., 203; Mere
Ch., 212;
Ch., 284; Salisbury Cath., 286,
287; Salisbury, St. Thomas’ Ch.,
288; Wulfhall, 116.
Glastonbury, 612. Lake Vil-
lage, 870, 511; Age, Late Celtic, |
118; Bone Gouges, 481; Bone |
Spindle whorls, 489; Flint Imp-
lements, 478 ; Huts, circular, 512;
Iron saw, 37 1; Loom Weights,
484 ; Pottery, La Tene, 473, 476,
484, 512; Sling Bullets, 484,
Rodbourne Cheney |
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 657
Glenconner, Lord and Lady, 421.
Lady, ports., 421—423.
Lord, port., 421.
Glory Ann (Winterbourne Basset),
excavations, 130.
“Gloucester Journal,” 324.
Gloucester, St. Mary Crypt, 605.
Gloucester, Alice of, w. of K. John,
116.
Gloves made at Holt, 619.
Glyceria, species, 164.
Glynne, Cath. 442. Sir Stephen,
Biog. notes, 442; Notes on
Wiltshire Churches, 167—
214, 277—306, 442-445,
568, 569, 573.
Gnaphalium, species, 157.
Godardville [Goderville] family,
110.
Goddard family, 110; Arms, 111;
Monuments, Swindon, 296.
Ambrose buys Upham, 111.
Rey. C. V., gifts, 135, 272, 424;
Notes, 78, 80. Edward, 583,
584, Kd. H., 353; Acts as
Guide, 44, 45, 47, 48, 349-354;
Gifts, 135, 272, 425, 625 ; Notes
and Remarks, 46, 75, 78—81,
251, 253, 255, 348, 358, 361, 362,
442 594—596, 602 ; Bibliographi-
cal Collections for Wilts,272 ; On
age and use of Stone Mullers
and Mauls of Stonehenge, 90,
594; on La T'ene I. Brooches
from Wilts, 69 ; On lost frag-
ment of Hullavington Reg-
ister restored, 556—560 ;
On need of Advisory Committee
for Ch. Fabrics, 66 ; On Roman
Pavement near Avebury
359—361; Writings, 404.
Mrs. E. H., gift, 355, John,
582 ; of Aldbourne, 110; s. of
Edw., 579. Martha, 584.
Priscilla, 583, 584. Rev. Peter
Stephen, Master of Clare Hall,
30. Richard, 576, 583 ; Brass
at Aldbourne, gave Bell, 564 ;
holds Aldbourne Manor, 578 ;
| Work at Upham Ho., 110.
im mich & Hiiz., 110. Thos.,
578; Re-built Upham Ho., 110.
Thos. and Anne, 110.
Thos., Monument at Aldbourne,
563, 566. Thos., of Sarum,
deed, 272. Thos. and Joan,
Brass at Ogbourne St. George,
280. Will. and Eliz., Monu-
ment at Ogbourne St. Andrew,
279.
Godman, G. W., gift, 272; note,
77.
Godpath (surname), 221.
Godsbury, The Name, Mrs.
M.E. Cunnington on, 592,
593. Not the Barrow, 516.
Gold Bracelet of Late Bronze
Age, from Clench Common,
Mrs. M. E. Cunnington on,
69, 70 (figd.); Electrotype
copy made,70; given to Museum,
40. Prehistoric Gold Objects
inMuseum lent to Brit. Museum,
and copies exhibited instead,
347. Ring Money, Bishop-
stone, 251.
Gold Crested Wren, 117.
Golden Ball Hill, Cnicus tuber-
osus, 80.
Goldfinches increase, 117.
Goldney, Lady, port., 422. Sir
Prior, gifts, 355, 500.
Gomphidius, species, 548.
Goodchild, Rev. W., writings, 127,
Goodhaiers (surname), 221.
Goodman, executed, 397.
Goodwin, John, founds Marl-
borough Priory, 383. Mary
E., d. of John F., 506.
Gordigiani, Michele, portraits by,
424.
Gordon, Ann, 243.
Gore Coppice, Wansdyke, 497.
Gore, C. H., curator, Swindon
Museum, 42.
Gorges family, 126, 620. Sir
Thos. buys Longford, 111.
Gosling (Mr.), Attacked by High-
waymen, 619.
Gouen family, 556.
Gough, W., Catalogues Deeds,
847 ; gift, 355.
Gowland, Prof., 325 ; excavations,
266 ; on Stonehenge, 594.
Gowring, I. A., writings, 128.
Grafton, East, ‘“‘ Merry Lane,” 389.
Plants, 155, 158. “The
Severalls,” 389. ‘* TheWerne,”
derivation, 389. See also
Wexcombe.
Graham, Archdeacon J. M. A., 416,
Grant, Richard, Archbishop, 125.
Grant-Meek Memorial, Manning-
ford Bruce, 413.
658 INDEX. TO VOL, XLII,
Grant- Meek, Mrs. and the Misses,
gifts, 847, 355, 897, 425.
Grantham (Lines.), Brief for Fire,
557, 058.
Gravels, Flint, origin of, 261.
Gravesend Church, Briefs for Re-
building, and for fire, 557, 558.
Gray, H. St. G., 135, Excavates
Avebury, 41. |
Grayle, Bridget, d. of John, 264. |
Greader, Mr., 247. Fred, 264.
Great Western Railway, gift, 426.
Grebe, Gt. Crested, Cole Park,
256. Nesting in N. Wilts,
78, 117.
Greek Sarcophagus, Iford, 113.
Green Forester Moth, 80.
Green, Francis, Schoolmaster,
Cricklade, 16. H. W., 255.
Greene, Sir Hen. and Matilda own
Chalcote, 107. Nich. (1.& IT.)
at Brook, 107. Rich. sells
Brook, 107.
Greenland, Rich., pipe maker, 101.
Greenwell, Canon, 68, 461.
Greenwich, 242, Armourers,
399.
Gregory, Mr., 595.
Grendles Mere (Ham), 70, 71.
sce Thos. and Will. (I. & IT.),
Grey, Lady Kath., burial, 390.
Ld. Grey of Fallodon, ports.,
416, 421—423, Lady Grey
(Pamela Tennant), ports., 416,
422, 423; writings, 398, 407, 408.
Greyhounds, 1808, 121.
Greyladies Assocn., founded, 82.
“‘Greywethers,” novel, noticed,
623.
Griffith, Eliz., d. of Rev. John, 86.
Grist (—), made Vane on Salis-
bury Spire, 124.
Grittleton A. S. Charter, Bound-
aries, 128. Beating the
Bounds, 128. East Fox Cot-
tages, 95, 517. House, illust.,
413, 414.
Grosseteste, Rob., Bp. of Lincoln,
125.
Grove, Miss Chafyn, benefactions,
522.
Groveley, axis Line of Stonehenge
prolonged to (%), 267. Lord
Audley’s Estate, MS. Accounts,
361. “ Powten Stone”
[Poltenstan], derivation, 94, 517.
Roman Road, true line of,
94.
Groves, James, on Plants, 166.
Grubbe family, and Kastwell, by
E. Kite, noticed, 113, 114; see
also Hunt Grubbe. Hen.,
will of, 113. Jenever, 114.
John, 113. Mary, 114.
Thos., 113, 114. Walt., 114.
Grundy, Dr. G. B., 71; Gift, 425 ;
“Ancient Highways and Tracks
of Wiltshire and the Saxon
Battlefields,” art., noticed, 93—
96; Saxon Land Charters of
Wiltshire,” art. noticed, 514—517.
Writings, 135, 593.
Ce Our Lady of, Legend
ot, 77.
Grundy, R. H., 501. Richard S.,
Benefactions to Devizes, 502;
‘Gift, 355; Obit. and List of
Writings, 501—503.
Gunpowder Plot, 259.
Guphaye (Guffhey), Jane, d. of
John, 613.
Gurdon, J. E., “The Mystery of
Stonehenge,” art. noticed, 92.
Guthredesbeorh=Godsbury, 593.
Guy Fawkes Day, 391
Gwatkin, R. G., Nat. Hist. Notes,
80, 81, 255, 256.
Gwillim, E. Ll. & J.8., 354, 505.
Gwyl Aust, Quarter Day, 588.
Hache Beauchamp (Som.), 388.
Hackpen Hill, 618, 621. De-
rivation, 516. Eoliths and
Paleeoliths, 120. Excavations
by Rev. H. G.O. Kendall, noticed,
120. Flints, age of, 270.
. Fungi, 543.
Haden, W., 220.
Hadow, Rev. E. M., 44.
Haematomma, species, 427, 430.
Haematopota, 81.
Hakluyt, Rich., 408.
Hale family, 556. John;
Rose; Will, 579. —
Hales, Silence, 221.
Hallisay, J., on origin of Blue
Stones of Stonehenge, 330.
Halsetown (Corn.), 88.
Hallstatt period, Roiderholz, 474,
Finger-tip Urns, 513.
Tron Pins, 483. Pottery
resembles Bronze Age, 118. S|
Sites, All Cannings Cross, 118, @
511—514; Hengistbury, 462, |
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 659
Halville, R. de, holds Wolfhall,
388.
Ham, 127. A. 8. Charters,
Bounds, 71, 262, 516. Balls
Copse, 73. Cowley’s Copse,
Whe Flax Lea, 71. Fowl
Pond, 71. Grendles Mere,
Wale Henley, derivation, 516.
Hidden Gate, 71. Lichen,
9. Long Hanging Wood, 71.
Old Dike Lane, Wansdyke,
Mleat2: Oswald’s Barrow
identified, 71, 516. Ott’s
Ford, 71. Parish, acct. of,
noticed, 261. Plants, 162.
Pond of the Green Quarry,
71. Pond of the Wood, 71.
Pydd’s Gate (Pidget), 71.
Rough Hedge, 71.
Spray Farms, 71; sold, 73.
Stone Castle, Roman _ foun-
dations, 71. Vale of, for-
merly marshes, 72. White
ldlorse) Hist. of; 73.0:
Ham Hill (Som.), Rom.-Brit. ob-
jects, d&c., 480, 481, 483.
Ham House, 24.
Hamilton, Lady Jean, ports., 422,
493. — Marla, 525. Mr., of
Pains Hill, work at Bowood, 26.
Hammersley, Hon. Mrs., 434.
Hammond, J. J., notes, 125.
in -O:, gift, 355.
Hampton Court Gardens, 351.
Sir Chr, Wren’s House, illusts.,
419. Old Court House,
illust., 395.
Hancock, Ann, 582. John
holds Aldbourne Manor, 582,
583; will of, 582. Penelope,
will of, 127. Thos., 582.
Thos. M., 582.
' Handley Hill Camp, age of, 512.
“Hangman’s Stones,” or ‘‘ Hanging
Stones,” Legend attached to, 75.
_ At Alton Barnes, 75.
Hankerton Field Farm, 619.
Hankey, Basil H. A., gift, 355;
writings, 620,
Hannam, Sir John, tomb at
Corsham, 190.
Hannington Hall, illusts., 415, 416,
| 418.
_ Hardenhuish, 509. A. S.
| Charter, 515.
Hardman, A. H., owns Devizes Old
Park, 393.
VOL. XLIT.—NO. CXLI.
Harepath (Herepath), see Bishops
Cannings.
Harestreet, ancient way, 94.
Harnham Hill, Ridgeway, 95.
Harrington, Ld., 103.
Harrison, Mrs., gift, 355. Rev.
A. H., gift, 355. Rev. D. P.,
Nat. Hist. Notes, 254, 256.
Harris, Susan S., d. of Thos., 607.
Harrow on the Hill, Elias de Dere-
ham, Rector, 125. School,
98, 518.
Hart, Susan, d. of John, 1138.
Hartham Estate, 508. Park
owned by Duckett family, 28 ;
Ridgeway, 95.
Hartlebury Castle, 82.
Hartpury (Glos.), 558.
Haskins, Charles, gift, 426 ; notes,
125, 126 ; port., 521.
Hastings, 87, 88.
Hatch House (Tisbury), 86.
MS. notes, 595.
Hatcher, W., letters, 525.
Hatt House, Ridgeway, 95.
Haugh, John, 16.
Haw Wood Fungi, 547, 548, 551.
Lichen, 10. Plants, 160.
Hawarden, St. Deiniol’s Library,
167, 442.
Hawfinch, Potterne, 256,
Hawkins, Hugh, 576. John,
benefaction, 220. Rob., 220.
Hawkstreet Farm, 508.
Hawles, Thos., holds Aldbourne
Warren, 576, 577.
Hawley, Lt.-Col. W., 91, 340, 610;
Excavations, 41, 266, 267, 347 ;
Romano-British Villages
on UWpavon and Rushall
Downs excavated, 227—
230.
Haxton Down (Fittleton),
Two Disc Barrows and
Mound opened by P. Farrer,
604.
Hay, price of, 1559, 392.
Hay, Miss, 624.
Haydon Wick, derivation, 517.
Hayne, Thos., 586.
Haynes, Capt. P. E. W., obit., 242.
Thos., 579, 587.
Hayward, Capt. R. F. J., 262.
Hazel in Early Iron Age, 461,
Hazelbury(Box)destroyed Church,
Parish and Rectors, art. noticed,
402, Speke family, 402.
3 A
660 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Hazlitt, Will., Life of, noticed, 623.
“‘ Hazzick,” meaning of, 389.
Head, Vincent and Mrs., hospital-
ity, 349, 350.
Headington Hill (Oxon.), 607.
Heale House, 620 ; illust., 415.
Heath, Mrs., port., 420. Alfred
owns “ Calne Chron.,” 322.
Bethia, port., 420.
Heathcote, Geo. and Maria, of
Erlestoke, Ld. Mayor, 102.
Josiah Eyles, 102.
“Heathen Burial Places” in A. 8.
Charters, not Barrows, 516.
Hebeloma, species, 546.
Hedd, Giles, 403.
Heddington, 322. Flagon,
illust., 415. Tron Smelting
Bloomeries, 38. Kings Play
Hill, Lynchets, 61. Old Bath
Rd., Hell Lake, 597. Pro-
perty of Mr. Rogers, 30. See
also Stockley.
‘‘ Hedgeside Chance Blades,” no-
ticed, 130.
Helix aspersa, 402.
Helleborine, species, 117, 151, 158,
161.
Helleborus, species, 153.
Helliker, Thos., executed, tomb,
624 ; illust., 413.
Helmsley, W. T., 241.
Helvella, species, 255.
Hen Harrier, 79.
Henbury (Glos.), negro servant of
E. of Suffolk buried, 259.
Hendbest, Will, 224.
Hendon, Brit. Mus. Newspaper
Depository, 231.
Hendry [ Henday], Thos. & Anstice
(I. & IT.), 226.
Heanage, C. W., gift, 355.
Hengistbury Head (Hants), 484.
Gold Bracelet, 70.
Hallstatt pottery, &c., 118, 462,
512, La Tene I. pottery, 478,
ATA, 476.
Henley (Ham), derivation, 516.
Hen. VIII., marriage with Jane
Seymour, 389; ‘Tomb never
finished, 389; visits to Wolfhall,
389,
Henry, M., 400.
Henses Coomb, 61.
Heracleum, vars., 157.
Heraldry of Wilts, A. Schomberg’s
contributions to, 508, 504.
Arms of Devizes Weavers Guild,
101 ; Dugdale, 618 ; Hungerfords,
186; Montacute, 287; Powlet,
192.
Herbert Convalescent Home, 522.
Illust., 521,
Herbert, Hon. Aubrey, on Stone-
henge, 405. George, art. on
by F. Bone,noticed, 123 ; writings,
410. Hilda B., d. of Rev.
G. W., 874. Lady Patricia,
ports., 421, 428. Lady
Muriel, port., 422. Hon.
Sidney, Lord Herbert of Lea,
605; builds Church at Wilton,
304: Statue at Salisbury illust.,
521, cost of, 522.
Hereford, Old Red Sandstone, 361.
‘“‘ Herepath” meaning of, 93, 94 ;
In A. S. Charter, 516.
Hereward the Wake, 259.
Herrington, Mr., 490.
Hertford Coll. (Oxon), 378.
Hertford, Earl of, 390.
Edmund, E. of, owns Savernake,
408. Lady, made Grotto at
Marlborough, 349.
Hervey, Eliz.; Sarah; Will., 225.
Hevend Hill, 61,
Hewitt, Mr., 108.
Hewlett, Wing Com., F.E.T., 374.
Hen. Gay, 374.
Maurice, gift, 185; Obit., with
List. of Writings, 374—377;
‘“‘ Wiltshire Essays ” noticed, 96 ;
Ports., 875, 421; Writings, 135,
Mrs., starts Flying School,
374.
EO eeu 507. Church, ©
1848, Sir S. Glynne’s notes |
on, 444: Screens, stone and
_ wood, and stalls, 444. House,
“Blue Stone” in garden, illust., ~|
434, 435, Will. Cunnington’s
House, illust., 483, 434.
Heytesbury, Ld., 248, 484, 507.
Heywood House, illusts. A ‘414, 415,
A417. Old Parsonage, illust. A
417, Residence of Will. |
Phipps, 107 ; of 2nd Ld. Ludlow, ~
378. Rouse and Ley families,
Hist. of, 106, 107.
Hibbert family, 556.
Hicks, Thos., 264.
Hieracium, species, 152, 158.
High Trees Farm, 500.
Highlord, John, 576, 577.
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX TO VOL. XII. 661
Highwaymen, Malmesbury stories,
“ Highways, Ancient, and Tracks
of Wilts,” by G. B. Grundy, art.
noticed, 93—96.
Highworth, 123, 238. Bell
Founding, 257. Industries,
Fairs, and Markets described,
257, Insects, notes on, 80.
Songs, 380.
Hill Deverill, ‘‘ British Village ”
Medieeval site ? Fosse destroyed,
252. Rectory and Barn
burnt, 252.
Hill House (Notts), 84.
Hill, Fred, port., Ae
Hilliard, S., 366,
Hillier, Will. Hen., obit., 87.
Hillman, Hugh, 559.
Hilmarton, 322. Church, Sir
S. Glynne’s Notes on, 199.
See also Rodwell.
Hilperton, “The Orchard,” 244.
Runaway apprentice, 224.
Service Men’s Dinner,
illust., 411. War Memorial,
illust., 412. | Wesleyan Chapel
organ, illust., 411.
Hindon Church, 1849, Sir S.
Glynne’s Notes on, 200.
Hine, Emily, d. of Thos. C., 244.
Hinton Charterhouse (Som.), 508.
Hinton, Little, A. S. Charter, 515.
Church Dedication and
Feast, 590; visited, 45.
Enclosure Award, Tithes, &Xc.,
MS. Notes, 594. Portway
called ‘* Icenhilde Weg,” 94.
Hinton, Anthony and John, 578.
Hiping Stone Bottom, 61.
Hippenscombe in Savernake, Per-
ambulation, 13800, 262.
Hippisley, Mr., 16.
Hipsa (Christian name), 221.
Hitchin, 413.
Hoar Stone, meaning, 36.
Hoare family, monuments, Stour-
ton, 293. Miss, port., 424.
Sir R. C., 483 ; excavations,
267. Portraits by Hoare, 525. °
Hobart, Sir Hen., 578.
Hobbes family, 556. Thos.,
of Malmesbury, art. on, noticed,
128.
Hobhouse, Anne Maria, Lady,
obit., 377, 378. Sins Pa:
Miss)ls5 KR. Ars 378
Holborow family, 556.
556.
Holdeberde (Surname), 221.
Holden, A. C., notes, 131; writ-
ings, 128,
Holford, Mr., buys New Park, 100.
Holl, Dr. H. B., Botanist, 428.
Holland, Ld., 26, Dik John,
541, 542, Rogers owned
Cowidge, 29.
Holloway family, 400.
Hollyditch, nr. Calne, 28.
Holm Oak Charcoal at All Chie
nings, 512.
Holmes, E., “Wanderings in
Wessex,” noticed 96, 97.
T. Rice, “Age of Stonehenge,”
noticed, 266, 267; on Lockyer’s
Theory, 89.
Holsworthy, 614.
Holt, 509. Beaven’s Leather
and Glove Factory, art. on,
noticed, 619. Co-op. Stores and
War Memorial, illusts., 412.
Nonconformist Chapels, Hist. of,
618. Stanbridge Ho., illust.,
419,
Homington, 97. Church,
1872, Sir S. Glynne’s notes
on, 445. Farm, illust.,
417. Geo. Stanley, 620.
Honeystreet, Bone Spindle Whorls,
489.
Hooch, Pieter de, painter, 400.
Hooley, Reg., 495.
Hooton, Charles, edits “ Wilts
Independent,” 232, 236.
Hope, Edw. (I. & II.), 100.
Sir We He St: J-, Plan of Old
Sarum Cath., 40.
Hopgrass Farm, plants, 161.
Hoppner, John, Portrait by, 424.
Hops grown at Downton, 311.
Hopewood, Will, 410.
Horley, 507.
Horne, Thos., 539.
Horner, James, 312.
Horningsham, 95.
the oldest, 618.
Horse Copse, plants, 159.
‘“‘ Horsedriver tout,” 222.
Horseshoes, lobed, Wilton, 424,
Horsley Upright Gate, Road Acts,
597. See also Bath Road.
Hort family own land at Bowood,30.
Horton 102, 104. Down, see
Bishops Cannings.
on Acie
Edward,
Chapel not
662 Sy i INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
. Horton family, art.on, noticed, 624 ;
build Iford Manor, 113.
C., port., 420.
Hoskyns, Ch., 581. Will.
Gis Go Eh) silt 582:
Hospitallers, Knights, own Anstey,
128.
Houlbrook, Will., notes on, 594.
Houses, see Devizes; Eastcourt ;
Lacock; Malmesbury, Green
Dragon; Littlecote; Ramsbury
Manor; Sutton Veny, Old
Rectory; Tottenham; Upham ;
Wolfhall.
[Howard Family] ‘‘ The Lion and
the Rose, the great Howard
Story,” by E. M. Richardson,
noticed, 258—260. Hon.
Cecil J. -A., port. 422.)
Charles Will., 7th Earl of
Suffolk, negro servant, 259.
Lady Betty marries Dryden,
259. Lady Frances (I., I1.),
390. Ld. Rob., 259.
Thomas, D. of Norfolk, expenses
at Framlingham, 1536, 259.
Howard de Walden, Blanche, w. of
Ld., 379.
Howbraken, Jacobus, portrait by,
424,
Howe, P. P., writings, 623.
Howells, Dr., 340.
Howitt, Dr. and Hon. Mrs,
352.
Howorth, Sir Hen., death, 348.
Hudson, Mrs., gift, 355.
Hughes, Ferdinand, of Brom-
ham, MS. Survey of the
lands of, 1652, 356—358,
425, James, 101.
Thos., 250.
Huish Farm House, illust., 418.
Hill, 497.
Hulbert family, 556. alias
Harris, Frances, owns Ald-
bourne Manor, will of, 581.
Hen. H., 99. Will., 580.
Hull, cholera, 522.
Hullavington, 322. Canal
proposed, 399. Church,
Destruction of the ancient
Screen, Canon ze.
Manley on, 64—66, figs.
Manor, Customs of, MS., 425.
Register, Lost Frag-
ment restored, Rev. E. H.
Goddard on, 556—560.
Human Remains, Skulls of Pre-
Roman population in Britain,
496 ; Drinking Cups made from,
490; ” Prominent brow ridges, 490;
From Fyfield Bavant Pits
described, 494—496, figs.;
ditto, 462, 489, 490; From Bar-
rows, Haxton Down, 604 ; Ofnet'
Cave, 490.
Hungerford, 233, 615.
Hungerford family, 113; of Studley,
descent of, 29, 31. Mr., land
at Bowood, 32, Sir Anthony,
18. Sir Edw., besieges
Wardour, 122. Geo., 29.
Geo. Walker, 29. Henry
holds Aldbourne Manor, 578,579.
Sir John sells Eysey, 18.
Rob., 123. Sir Thos., 396.
Hunsbury Camp (Northants), Late
Celtic objects, 118, 484, 489;
Pottery, 473, 512.
Hunt, John, port., 420. Mar-
gery, d. of Thos., 99. Marie,
290; Thos., 114.
Hunt Grubbe, Hen. Geo.; Thos. ;
Walt. H.; Will., 114.
Rev. J. iN 83. Adm. Sir Walt.
J, OWlt., 83 ; Ports., 421, 422.
Huntingdon, Earl of, 87.
Hurdcott House, illusts., 415, 418.
Hurley, Lt.-Col., port., 420.
Hurst Castle, Governor's share of
wrecks, 112.
Hurst, Cc. P., Great Bedwyn
Flowering Plants & Ferns,
151—166; East Wiltshire
Lichens, 1—10; Savernake
Forest Fungi, 543—555;
Wiltshire Lichens in the
Brit. Museum, 427—430.
Hussey, Chr., writings, 110.
Will., port, 521.
Hutchinson, H. N., gift,135; Model
of Stonehenge, 414.
- Huts Hill, 61.
Hyde, Bet, witch, 258. Lau-
rence, Brass, Tetbury, 297; Karl
of Rochester buys Vasterne, 259.
Hygrophorus, species, 543, 549.
Hyoscyamus, 159.
Hypericum, species, 154.
Hypholoma species, 547.
Ichneumons, 121.
Icknield Way (Berks), 44, 45, 93.
Name given to Roman Rd.,
Old Sarum to Winchester, 94.
|
|
_Imber, 431.
INDEXS TO ‘VOle =XdLii 663
Icthyosaurus, Swindon, 43.
Idmiston, 242.
Idover Farm (Dauntsey), deriva-
tion, 515.
Iford Manor House, art.on, noticed,
113; Garden, Capital from Ra-
venna, &e., illusts., 113. |
Ce site at Eastleigh Wood,
meee Ld., lends Gold Torque,
347,
les, Elijah, 380.
Art. on, noticed,
illusts., 621. Dew Pond
makers, art. on, noticed, 73.
MS. Notes, 595. Oxen used,
D>: Ridgeways, 94.
“Inchfawn, Fay,” see Ward, Mrs.
Atkinson.
Incised Tomb slabs, Aldbourne,566;
Bishopstone (S. Wilts), 173;
Dauntsey, 194.
Inclosure Awards, Calendar of,
printed, 506.
“Independent” paper, Hist. of,
oo a2),
Ingleman, Rich., architect, 105.
Inglesham Church, Depredations
of Visitors, 47; Illusts., 130, 257,
272; Pulpit, Screens, and Pews,
46 ; Visited, 46, 130. Old
Elijah, Zo Round House,
257.
Inkerman, Battle, 608.
Inkpen (Berks), 9, 73.
a Wansdyke, 353.
2
Inman, Canon Edw., obit., 607.
Innes, Edw., 104,
Inocybe, species, 546.
Interdict, Hospitallers and Tem-
plars exempt, 125, 128.
Inula, species, 80.
Inwood Copse, Wansdyke, 71, 72.
Ipswich, 554.
Iris, species, 162.
Tron Acton (Gloucs.), 243.
Tron, first introduction of, 394.
Bloomeries at Bromham, Hed-
dington, &c., 38. Knife
blades, Roundway, 601.
Nails, large-headed, on cart
wheels for tyres, 272.
Tron Age, Early, site on Fy-
field Bavant Down, by R. C.
C. Clay, 457—496, jigs.
Bone implements, Battlesbury,
Beacon,
Church,
371, 372, figs. ; Awls, Fyfield, 464
—468 ; Combs, Fyfield, 465, 467,
468, 471, 472, figs. ; Needles, 463,
467—469, 479, 480, figs. ; Scoop,
Fyfield, 465 ; Spindle whorl,
Fyfield, 463. Bronze pin,
Fyfield, 468. Flint scraper,
Fyfield, 464. Hammerstones
and Whetstones, Battlesbury,
368, 373; Fyfield, 464, 468.
Human remains, Fyfield, 467,
468. Tron ‘Cleat, Battles-
bury, 370, 372; Dagger coated
with bronze, Golasecca, 482;
Hobnail , Fyfield, A463; Key, sickle
shaped, ’Battlesbury, 870 —372,
jig.; Knives (one coated with
bronze), Fyfield, 482; Linch Pin,
Fyfield, 461, 465; Pin, Fyfield,
467; Ring-headed Pin, Fyfield,
466, 483; Rings, Battlesbury,
340, 372, fig,; Saw, Battlesbury,
" 370, 379, K9.3 Shears, Fyfield,
463, 482; Sickle, 464, 482, Hons
Sickle. shaped blade, Battles-
bury, 870, 872, fig.; Slag, All
Cannings, 118; Fyfield, 464,
466—468, 471 ; Sword, fragment,
Battlesbury, 370. Loom
Weights, Fyfield, 467, 469, 472,
Meat, burnt, 472. Oak
Plank, 472. Ox Horns, 471.
Pits, Battlesbury, 368; Fy-
field, 482, 483, fig. Pot
Boilers, flints, Fyfield, 469, 470.
Pottery, Fyfield, described,
470—474, figs.; Baill, Fyfield,
468; Bellows nozzle, Fyfield,
472+ Hallstatt, Fyfield, 470;
Painted with Hematite, Fyfield,
473; Perforated base, Fyfield,
474; Spindle Whorls, Fyfield,
464. Querns, Rotary, Battles-
bury, 368, 373; Fyfield, 471;
Saddle, Battlesbury, 368, 373;
Fyfield, 466, 469, 471. Rub-
bers, Fyfield, 469. Shale
Bracelet, Battlesbury, 373.
Sling Bullets, Battlesbury, 368,
373; Fyfield, 464, 466, 467.
Spindle Whorls, Fyfield, 464,
466, 468. Wheat, Barley,
Oats, Fyfield, 468, 470. See
also All Cannings Cross; Glaston-
bury; Hallstatt; Hunsbury ;
Pottery.
Irvine, Mr., 440.
664 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Islington, Lord and Lady, ports.,
421, 423; sells Biddestone, 617.
Ivie [Ivy] family, 556. Anne;
Marg. ; Stephen, s. of Thos., 556 ;
Eliz., d. of James, burial, 108,
John, 126. —
Ivychurch, Green Dragon Inn,
Fireplace, illust., 620. Priory,
Black Death, 270.
Ivy’s Farm, Wansdyke, 497.
Jackman, Jane, d. of John, 102.
Jackson, Messrs., gifts, 425.
Eliz., 129. Canon J. E., his
copy of “Aubrey” bought, 40.
J. F., gift, 273. Ja,
gift, 355. J. W., on Animal
Remains, 492, 493, 513.
Wilfred, 490.
“ Jackys Arme” wood, Bowood, 29.
Jacob the Armourer, work by, 132.
James, J., 595. Simon, 12.
Jeans, Mark, obit., 509.
Jefferies, Rich., art. on, noticed, 623.
Jekyll, Joseph, 27.
Jencks, Rich., 312.
Jenkins family, 556. Will.,
557, 558.
Jenkinson, Sir Geo., election, 315.
Jenner, Anne, 15. Cath., 16.
Eliz., 13, 15. Jane, 14,
John (J., IL, III.), 138, 16.
Marg., 16, 17. Mary,
16. Nath. (I., IT.), 15—17.
Rob. (I., II.), 183—16 ; Bene-
factions, 14. Will., 14.
Jersey, Ot. Luke’s, 243.
Jex Blake, Lady Muriel, port., 422.
Jocelyne, Bp. of Salisbury, 392.
John-a-Gore’s Cross, Ridgway, 94.
“ John Peel,” song, 380.
Johnson, Dr., at Bowood, 24.
Thos., 101. W. H., writings,
624.
Jones & Willis, Messrs., work, 64,
65. Canon, as guide, 47.
Capt., note, 81. AYE, 100,
247, Rev. E. Rhys, note, 252.
Rev. F. Meyrick, buys
Woodlands, 109, 614 ; on Wood-
lands House, noticed, 613, 614 ;
Inigo, works, 417. a B.
writings, 410.
Mary, 106, 585. Rich.,
holds Aldbourne Chase, 584,
585. Sefton (1.. II.), 106, 107.
Walt., 103. Will,
painter, 622 ; Will. of Edington
buys Brook, 106. Sir Will.
buys Aldbourne Chase and
Ramsbury, 584. Canon W.
H., MS. Note Bks., 595.
Jordans (Som.), Speke family, 401.
Joscelyne, Bp. of Wells, 125.
Joshua, W., Botanist, 428, 430.
Joyce, Rev. G. Cz 167.
Judd, Prof., 325, 340 ; on Ice trans--
port of Blue Stones to the Plain,
oo4.
Juggs Wood, plants, 162.
Juncus, species, 151, 160, 162,
Jupe, Mrs., 109.
“ Katt Keys” on ash, 104,
Kay, Will., 614.
Keate, Frances; Henrietta M.;
John ; Lumley Hungerford,owns
land at Bowood, 29.
‘“* Keene’s Bath Journal,” 324.
“‘ Keevers,” 310.
Keevil, MS. Notes on, 495.
War Memorial, illust., 412,
See also Baldham.,
Keith, Sir Arthur, 490, 604; On
Skull from Eyfield Bavant,
494496, figs.
Kelloways, A. 8. Charters, 516.
Kelson, Rob., 220. W.J.&
Mrs. , ports., 420,
Kemble, Lichens, 427—430.
Songs, 380.
‘Kemble, Geo.; Michael; Will., 11.
Kendall, Hen., 255. Rev. H.
G. O., 245, 359 ; gifts, 184, 272;
excavates Windmill Hill, Ave-
bury, 347; Notes, 80, 81; on
‘‘ Fragment of Blue Stone near
Avebury,” noticed, 120; on
“ Koliths, their origin and age,”
noticed, 120; on ‘‘ Scraper Core
Industries,” noticed, 269, 270;
Writings, 134.
Keni workh Castle & Amye Robsart,
259.
Kennedy, Barth, writings, 268.
Geo., work at Bowood, 36.
Kennet, A. S. Charter, 93, 516.
Held by Alfred of Marlborough,
382. Stone Circle, 56.
Kennet River, 121. Dry at
Lockeridge, 1921, 117. Old
names of, O. G.
58.
Kennet and Avon Canal, 152, 389.
Lichens, 3, 4, 6, 7.
Plants, 151. Winsley, 402.
S. Crawford on,
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 665
Kennet, East=Cyneta, 58.
Battle of Cynete at, 96.
Barrow nr. Church, 62. Long
Barrow, 364. Manor House,
illust., 417. Ridgeway &
Row of Sarsens, 57. See
also Langdean Circle.
Kennet, West, Avenue, 61.
Long Barrow, Pottery & Oolitic
Stones, 50, 62, 513. Stone
Circle, 62.
Kent, Justice, MS. Ledger Book
given to Museum, 347, 425.
John, 99; Holds Aldbourne
Manor, 580. Rich., 580,
Holds Aldbourne Manor,579,584.
Rob.,580. Thos., 99; ‘‘Booke of
the Constitutions of Devizes,”
397.
Kermario (Brittany) Megalithic
. alignments, 337, 592. Mound
with Cells, 592. Sculptured
Serpents on Menhir, & polished
Stone Axes found, 592.
Kerley, Stephen, 490.
Kerry, Earl of, 41 ; gifts, 40, 355 ;
King’s Bowood No. XII.
18—38; port., 422. Lady,
port., 422.
Kerry, M. L., Writings, 623.
Kestrels, increase, 117.
Keswick, 244.
Ketchley, Rev. H. E., 353 ; Gifts,
273, 355; Local Sec., 41; Re-
marks, 348 ; Writings, 409.
Keynsham ( Som. ) Stone from, for
Roman tiles ? 360.
Keyworth, Hen. G., 317.
Kidston, G., gift, 355,
Kilmington, Geology, 271.
Ridgeway, 95. Roman Rad.,
line of, 94.
King, John F., obit., 606. Rich.
of Upham, 583, 584. Will.,
606.
King Turner, Dr. & Mrs., hospital-
ity, 47.
King’s Somborne (Hants), 58.
Kings Walden (Herts), 579.
Kingsdown (Stratton), 81.
Kingsland, Will., 103.
Kingston Deverill, Church:
1849, Sir S.Glynne’s Notes,
200 ; Effigy, 200.
Kingston Lisle, Blowing Stone, 44,
Church, Wall Paintings, 44,
Kingston-on-Thames, 623,
Kingston, Countess of, port., 423.
Kington Langley, A. 8S. Charters,
517. Chapel made dwelling
house, 589. Feast, 589.
Kington St. Michael, 130, 322.
Church, 1847, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 200.
House, illusts., 417. MS.
notes on, 595.
Kinneir, Rich., 16, 17. Dr.
Rich., obit., 242.
Kintbury (Berks),
Cynete battle, 96.
Kinwardstone, 389.
Kirk, K. E., 607.
Kite, Edw., 238 ; ‘“‘ Grubbe Family
and Kastwell,” noticed, 113, 114 ;
‘““Old Houses of Devizes,” no-
ticed, 98—103; “Old Park,”
noticed, 392 ; writings, 112, 131,
508.
Klein, W. G., gifts, 355, 425.
Knackstone, Thos., 582.
Knap Hill Camp Pottery, Bead
Rim, 369; Neolithic, 513.
Kneller, Sir Godfrey, ‘portrait by
424,
Knight, Charles, “Town & Country
Newspaper,” 321. Josiah,
127. Peter, 12.
Knighton (Broad Chalke) Down,
401. Manor House, scene of
Novel, 401.
Knowle (Little Bedwyn), Cin. Urn,
245, 246, fig. Chapel, 116.
Farm Pit, gloss on flints,
116 ; Paleeoliths, 120. Plants,
161,
Knowles, J. H. & Mrs., ports., 419.
Knoyle, Windmill Common, plants,
80
not site of
Knoyle, East, 620.
Knoyle, West, 95, 607.
Fault (Geolog.), 271.
Knubley, Canon KE. P., 42 ; Gifts,
135, 355, 426; On Nat. Hist.
Branch of Soc., 348; Palim-
psest Brass, Steeple Ash-
ton Church, 438—4411, jig.
Knyvet, Sir Hen., by Archdeacon
Talbot, art. noticed, 619.
Begins Charlton House, 259.
Funeral, 259
Kraynsky, John de Krayno, Brief
for, 558,
Kurna (Irak) Pit Dwellings, 460.
Kyte, W., writings, 400,
Great
666 INDEX TO VOL, XLII.
La Tene I. Brooches, All Cannings,
118, 513; Cold Kitchen, 68, fig. ;
Langford, Hanging, 69.
Period in Wilts, 511—514.
Pottery, Fyfield Bavant, 462.
Ring-headed Pin, All
Cannings, 513. See also Iron
Age, Early.
La Tene IT. & III. Pottery, Fyfield
Bavant, 514.
Lacock, 102, 322 ; art. on, noticed,
623, Abbey, by H. A.
Tipping, noticed; 268, 269 ; Barn
sham tracery,130,269,385 ; Chap-
ter House, Chimney, Chimney
piece, Cloisters, Drawing Room,
Frater Roof, Gothic Arch and
Hall, Plan, Stable Court, Stone
Gallery, Warming House, illusts.,
130, 268, 412, 413, 623 ; Abbey
in 1684, illust., 268; Gothic
Hall built, 385; Photographic
Convention, 419; Property at
Bowood, 31 ; Queen’s visit,
ilust., 413; «“ Story of,” by A.
Watson, noticed, 384—386 ;
Terracotta Statues, 385 - visited,
396. ‘“‘ Angel” Doorway, &c.,
illust., 269, 623. Barn form-
erly Market Hall, 385. Bath
Road, Old, 131, 386. Chair
making, 385. Chamberlaine
House and Family, 269, 385.
Church, 1857, Sir S.
Glynne’s Notes on, 201,
202 ; H. A. Tipping on, noticed,
269; Chalice, Chantry, Mural
Tablets, Sharington’s tomb,
illusts., 268, 269 ; Helmet, illust.,
268, 623 ; Sir J. Talbot's monu-
ment used as War Memorial in
village, 269. Church Street,
Old House, illusts., 269.
Comma Butterfly, 81. Old
George Inn, Turnspit Wheel,
&c.,illusts.,269,628. 14th cent.
Houses, illusts., 269. 412, 623.
Market Cross, original site,
384, Market Town, 384.
Porch House, illusts., 269, 412.
Shop, medieval, illust., 623.
Village, H. A. Tipping on,
noticed, 269. Visited, 130.
War Memorial, Talbot
Monument, illusts., 269, 413.
See also Bewley Court.
Lacock, Abbess Ela, 385.
Lactarius, species, 548, 549, 551.
Lactuca, species, 158.
Ladyswood House, illusts.,414,418.
Lake District photos, 245.
Lake House, illusts., 415, 620.
Lake, R., gift, 355.
Lambert, Geo., painter, 524.
Lambsgate Farm, Ridgeway, 95.
Lamium, 160,
Lammas Day, 588.
Lamplugh family, 505.
Lanarkshire Regt. absorbed in
Wilts Regt., 263.
Lancaster, Duchy of, property at
Aldbourne, 576.
Landeilo Flags (Geolog.), 329.
Landford, MS. notes, 595.
Lane family, 556. Josiah, work
at Bowood, 26, 27.
Lang, Col. Ch. Edw., obit., 377.
Capt. Conyers,
Douglas, Capt Norman, 377.
Lanugdean (E. Kennett) Stone
Circle. A. D. Passmore on,
364—366, illusts.
Langford A. 8. Charter, 517.
MS. Notes, 595. Puntestan,
517,
Langford, Little, 79. A.S.
Charters, 517.
Langford, Hanging, Camp exca-
vated, 69, 347, 514; La Tene [.
brooch, 69 ; Late Celtic Pottery,
473, 514; Ox Horns, 471.
Langley Burrell, A. S. Charter,517.
Church, 1864, Sir S.
Glynne’ notes on, 202, 208 ;
J. Lee Osborne on, noticed, 114 ;
Double effigies, 203.
Langton, Stephen, Archbishop,
oe
Langwm (Pemb.), 328.
Lanhill Long Barrow, Neolithic
Pottery, 513.
Lansdown, G., gift, 625; owns
“Wiltshire Times,” 321.
Lansdowne House, bought by Ld.
Shelburne, 33.
Lansdowne, Lady ports., 420.
Louisa, Lady, designs glass in
Chapel, 35. Henry, Ld. L,,
work at Bowood, 36. Mar-
quis of, 355; gifts, 40, 134;
ports., 420—422. 2nd Mar-
quis, 34. ard Marquis, 27,
34, Will., Ld. L., work at
Bowood, 36:
Lt.-Com.
- —
4
:
:
a
4
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 667
“Tardy Busters,” 615.
Larkhill Military Kitchen, 412.
Larmer Tree Grounds, illust., 419.
Lastrea, species, 165, 166.
Late Celtic, see La Tene I. ; Iron
Age, Early.
Lathrzea, 159. |
Latimer family, 556, Ld., 359,
389, Will., 556.
Latton Church, 1842, Sir S.
Glynne’s Notes, 203: ; Mural
Painting, 203. Farmers’
Close, 13.
Laud, Archbishop, 589.
Laverstock, 242. Hill House,
illust., 415.
Lavington Manor, illusts., 414, 415.
Oxen used, 122.
Lavington, Market (East),
Church, Sir S. Glynne’s
Notes, 203, 204.
Lavington, West, 383. Church,
Sir S, Glynne’s Notes, 204,
205. © Cornbury Mill Meet-
ing House, 400. Dauntsey
School, 400. Hunt family,
114. ~—‘ Lychgate, 205.
Parsonage Lane Meeting House,
400. See also Littleton.
Lavington, Thos., 509.
Law, Arthur, obit., 509. A. W,,
and G. H., 510. Rob. V., 509.
Law path=ancient road, 94.
Le Rouzic, M., on Megaliths, 337,
Lea, Canal proposed, 399.
Leaf, H., hospitality, 351.
- Leather effigies, illust., 419.
_ Works at Holt, 619.
Leathes, R. G., Botanist, 427, 428.
_ Lecanactis, species, 2, 8, 10.
_ Leeanora, species, 1, 5 6, 427, 429,
' 430.
Lechlade (Glos.), 47, 257.
_ Butler’s Court, Oatridge family,
| 14: Church visited, 47.
_ Lecidea, species, 2, 6, 7, 427, 428,
| 480.
Leckhampton, 510.
Lee, A. E., on Stonehenge, noticed,
92, 93.
Legge, Lady Barbara C., 83.
Legousia, species, 158.
Leigh, The, Cove House, 242.
Leigh Delamere, Beating the
Bounds, 128.
| Leigh Hill, Fungi, 548,
Leigh, Kath., d. of Thos., 106,
VOL. XLIT.—NO . CXLI.
Leighton House and Farm, illusts.,
415, 418.
Lemna, species, 163,
Lenn, And., Vicar of Cricklade,
1], 12, 13.
Lent Figs eaten at Silbury Fair,
Lenzites, species, 552.
Leonard ‘Stanley (Glos.), 243. |
Leper Hospitals, Southbroom,
The Croft,” 265.
Lepidium, species, 80, 154.
Lepiota species, 5438, 553.
Lepraria species, 3.
Leptogium, species, 1, 3, 429.
Leptonia, species, 546.
Lethbridge, Rev. H. C. B.. gift,
355.
Levetts Farm, Clench Common,
Gold Bracelet, 69,
Lewis [Lewys] family, 556.
Sir Edw., effigy at Edington,
198. A. L., 611.
Ley of Heywood, ‘family history,
106. Hen. ; Sir James ;
Will.; Earls of Marlborough,
107. Matt. buys Heywood,
107.
Leyton in Elsford (Som.), Brief
for, 558,
Lichens, East Wiltshire, by
Cc. P. Hurst, 1—10. Used
for Dye, 6. Wiltshire, in
British Museum, by C. P.
Hurst, 427—430.
Lichfield Cathedral, 287.
Lidbury Camp, Bone Knives, 513.
Liddiard, Stephen, 517.
Liddington Castle, Palzeoliths,
120, MS. Notes. 595.
Roman Road,94. Unrecorded
Long Barrow, 49.
Lidney (Glos.) Church, brief for
building, 558.
Light, Mrs., MS. Notes, 596.
Ligrave in Luton (Beds), Brief for,
559,
Lille, 112.
Limenitis sibylla, 117.
Limpley Stoke, 243, 378.
Linaria, species, 159.
Lincoln, Bp. Hugh of, 125.
Chancellors School, 243.
“ Liner” in Cloth Trade, 222.
Linkenholt, A. S. Charter, 516.
Linton, E. F., 161.
Lippe Schaumbourg, Count de, 26.
»
o B
668
Lisle, Edw., 107.
Lister, Hen., brief for, 557, 558.
Lithospermum, species, 159.
Litmus, dye, 6.
Littlecote Gardens,351. House,
account of, noticed, 345 ; illusts.,
413, 620; Visited, 350.
Legend of Darrell murder, 620 ;
MS. Notes on, 594. Park,
plants, 155. Sse also Bevan,
G. Lee.
Little Park, Wootton Bassett,
Deeds given, 347.
Littleton (W. Lavington), Ebenezer
Chapel ; Iron Chapel ; Wesleyan
Chapel, 400. Mill burnt, 624.
Littorella, 151, 160.
tavely, Sam, Cloth Trade, 532,
Liverpool, 113.
Livingstone, Canon R. G., wri-
tings, 123.
Locke family of Seend and Rowde-
ford, John and Eliz., 99.
Lockeridge, Kennet River dry,
117. Sarsens, 610.
Lockyer, Sir Norman, Astronomi-
cal theory of Stonehenge defend-
ed by E. H. Stone, 88, 89, 91,
266, 610, 612.
Locmariaker, Dolmen, 337.
Lodge, Sir Oliver, writings, 408.
London, Bull & Mouth, Carriers
to Wilts, 386. George Inns,
Stage Coaches, 386. City of,
held Aldbourne Manor, 576.
Goldsmiths’ Co., legacy, 14.
Lichens, 10. St. Bartholo-
mews Hospital; St. Leonard’s
in Foster Lane; St. John
Zacharias parish ; Benefactions,
14. St. Thomas’ Hospital,
49. Spindle Whorls, 489.
University Chinese Chair
founded, 502.
‘London Journal, 324.
London, Alfred, obit., 86.
Long Linches, 61.
Long family, of Preshaw (Hants),
99; of Rood Ashton, 99; of
Salisbury, 99. And., 224.
Anthony, 220. David, port.,
519. Lady Doreen (Vicount-
ess), 85, 518; port., 420.
Eleanor, 99. Eliz., 99, 107.
Emma, 260. Hon. Eric.
and Mrs., ports., 421. Hen.,
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
murdered, 359. Joane, 220,
Mary, 99. Rich. (C; M.);
99. R. P., election, 315.
Sir Rob., of Draycot, 260.
Thos. (I., II.), 99. Walter
(I., II.) 236, 518. Brig.-Gen.,
Walter, Memoir of, noticed, 97,
98, 184; port., 519.
(Walt. H.), 85; Address, 628 ;
Art. on, noticed, 128 ; Gifts, 134,
355 ; ‘‘ Memories” by, noticed,
517—519 ; Political Career, &c.,
518; Ports., 412, 420, 422 ; Wri-
tings, 98, 134, 407. Will.,
on Stonehenge, 338.
Long-tailed Tit, 117.
Longbridge Deverell, 97.
Blackhill Quarry, section, 271.
Church, armour, in Bath
Chapel, 122.
Longdean Stone Cirele [E. Ken-
nett], 273.
Longespe, Will., not the s. of
Rosamund Clifford, 385 ; Tomb,
Salisbury Cath., 287. Will.,
(II.), 385.
Longford Castle and the Bouveries,
art. noticed, 111,112. ; Building
paid by loot of Spanish Galleon,
112; Christening Cup of Sir Ed.
des Bouveries, 112. Gorges
family, 620, Manor, descent
of, 111.
Longleat House, art. noticed, 122.
390. Air Photos of, 413.
Hall, Drawing Room,é&c.,illusts.,
412, 4138. Vines, 398.
Longston, Eliz., d. of Thos., 13.
. Hen., 13.
Loom Weights, Chalk, burnt hard,
485 ; method of hanging, 485;
size & weight, 486 ; incised with
cross,486, figs. Pottery triang-
ular, 484, figs. At All Can-
nings, 118; Fyfield Bavant, 460.
Lopes, Ld. Justice, 378.
Lord’s Prayer, metrical version in
Norman French, 367.
Lott, H. C., gift, 355.
Loudon, Mr., gardener, 252.
Loughborough, Burton Hall, 83.
Loughton, 88.
Louisberg, Battle, 263.
Lovell, Mrs., of Cole Park, 256.
Lovibond, J. L., 596. Mrs.
F. E., note, 597. *
Viscount |
oe ee se ates
Accounts of Wolfhall, at,
Tee Ss a a e
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 669
Lowndes, A. G., 3, 9, 545.
Lowtherweek [ Lotherick] (Christ-
ian name), 221.
Lucas, Rev. Charles, buys Grey-
stone House, port., 99.
Lucknam Park, illust., 415.
Ludford, Lt. W. (V.C.), port., 422.
Ludgershall, acct. of, noticed, 261.
Church, illust., 97.
Ludlow family at Heywood, 107.
Ld. & Lady, ports., 422, 423.
Eliz., 248. Hen., 2nd
Baron Ludlow, obit. 378.
G., port., 419.
Ludlow Bruges, Mr., property, 38.
Luise, Jasper, 223.
Lukis, Rev. W. C., drawing, 75 ;
work at Collingbourne Ducis
Church, 569, 573,
Lushill [ Lisshill], Castle Eaton, 17;
Haymaking described, 257.
Lushington, Helen, d. of Ed. H.,
607 ; Sir Stephen, 582.
Luton Hoo (Beds.), 379.
Luxenborough, 602.
Luzula, species, 163.
Lycaena bellargus, 117.
Lychnis, species, 154.
Lydiard, songs, 380. Parts of
in ancient Ellandune (‘), 95.
Lydiard Millicent Church,
1870 ;Sir S. Glynne’s notes
on, 205; Pulpit and Church-
yard Cross, 205. Comma
Butterfly, 254.
Lydiard Tregoze Manor, 101. |
piney Church, Brief for repair,
Diyell, AH. 461, 490. Mr., 512.
_ Lynchets, Celtic, Saxon, Mediaeval,
457, 616.
| Lyneham, 322. Church, 1850,
Sir S. Glynne’s notes on,
206 ; Screen, 206. Feast,
, rhyme, 391.
Lynd, Eliz.d.of Sir Humphrey, 102.
| Maby, A. E., owns Brook, 107.
| P.N., writings, 623.
| McCall, Geo. Kerr, obit. & port.,
| 243, 420. Gilbert, 243.
_M.K,, port., 420.
' Machimus, species, 81.
| Mackay, Dr. H. J., gift, 355.
| Mrs. Alex., Library, 595.
| Mackinnon, Susan, 501.
| Maclean, Dr. J. C., obit., 244.
distinguished, 61, 262, 393, 394, ©
Macleane,Canon Douglas,note,362.
McMahon, Sir H. W., buys South-
broom, 103.
McMillan, Canon, 64.
McNiven, C. F., gift., 355.
Mac Tier, Mrs., 378.
Maddington, Flint Celt, 272.
MS. Notes, 595.
“Magpie,” Devizes paper, Hist. of,
321, Mushroom, 548.
Maiden Bradley, 83, 501.
Bramble Hill Clump, grave of
D. of Somerset, 501. Church
1845, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
206; Memorial Lectern, 411.
Geolog. Assoc. Excursion,
271. Ridgeway, 95.
Maidenhead, 387.
Maidford, derivation, 516.
Major, Albany, gifts, 500, 626;
On Eastward end of Wans-
dyke, 70—72; On Line of
Wansdyke by New Build-
ings nr. Marlborough, 497
—500; on Wansdyke, 44, 3538.
Malden, Mr., 362.
Mallard family, 556.
Malmesbury, 130, 233, 242.
Abbey, A. 8. Charters, 93, 515.
Abbey Church, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 206— 208 ;
Drawing by Turner, 250; Effigy
of K. Athelstan, 208; Fire Kn-
gine, ancient, illust., 413; Illusts.,
412, 418; Norman terminals,
562; Picture given by Lord
Suffolk, 208; Queen’s visit,
illusts., 413; Screens and Gallery,
208. Subterranean passage,
legend, 400. Abbey Gate,
illust., 412. Abbey Guest
House, 623. Almshouses
in the Abbey endowed, 14.
Athelstan Millenary Celebration,
Play, 623; Palace, 623; Burton
Hill House, illust., 415.
Church of St. Paul, Tower:
Sir S. Glynne’s notes, 208:
Common, Apparition of
Headless Horseman, 619; culti-
vated during interdict, 399 ; dig-
ging for Coal, 399; Enclosure,
art on, noticed, 398. Com-
moners inducted by flogging,
illusts., 411, 413, 416. Cow-
bridge House, illusts., 415, 416.
Election controlled by J,
3B 2
670 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Pitt, 318. Granary on Stad-
dles, illust., 414. Green
Dragon Inn, illust., 413; Pro-
posed demolition, 129. Horse
Show, illust., 413. * Legends
and Tales,” by A. Fraser, noticed,
619. . Market Cross, 208;
illust., 412. Peace Pro-
cession, illust., 413. Ridge-
way, 94. ~ St. John’s Arch,
412. Scot’s Farm, illust.,
418. Site of Town at centre
of ancient ways, 95. Three
Cups Inn, 619. War Me-
morial, illust., 412, 413.
Westport Church, 1864,
Sir S. Glynne’s notes, 184,
208.
- Malmesbury, Abbot of, 115.
Malmesbury, Earl of, Monument
in Salisbury Cath., 287.
Malvern Hills, Plants, 156.
* Man on the Hill,” by A. Wharton,
noticed, 617.
Manley, Canon F. H., 590, 591;
The Destruction of the
ancient Screen at Hul-
lavington 64—66 ; gift, 355;
Writings, 409. .
Manning family, own Mannings
Hill, Bowood, 31.
Manningford, 578, 620. Ridge-
way, 94.
Manningford Abbot Church,
1856, Sir S.Glynne’s notes,
209.
Manningford Bruce, 94.
Church, 1859, Sir 5S.
Glynne’s notes, 209.
Grant-Meek Memorial Hall,
illust., 413. Manor, descent
of, 99. Old MS. Map, 625.
Mansfield, 243.
Mansfield (—), 18.
Manton Barrow, 63. Coppice,
497. Dog Hill, Earthworks
and Sarsens, 51, Downs,
Earthworks, Romano-British
Cultivation, 51. Kstate
bought, 84. Lichens, 1, 3, 428,
429. Roman Pewter salvers
found, 227. Songs, 380.
Wood, Gore Copse, Wans-
dyke, 497.
Manton, Lord, obit., 34. Lord
and Lady, ports., 421.
Manvers, Earl, Chapel in Bradford
Church, 176.
Manzano, Serafin, executed, 397.
Maplecroft, Ridgeway, 95.
Marasmius, species, 552.
Marbled White Butterfly, 80.
Marden, A. S. Name of, 96.
Not site of the Battle of Meretun,
96. Vicarage, illust., 418.
Margate, Lichens, 10.
Markes, Walt., 576.
Marks, A. W., gifts, 135, 625. ©
Deborah, Brass, Steeple Ashton,
438, 441.
Marlborough, 97, 233, 387, 509, 582.
Ailesbury Arms Hotel,
illust., 115. British Myco-
logical Soc., visit, 543.
Carmelite Priory, remains de-
stroyed, 3838. Castle, Hist.
of, 882, 383; Chapel, K. John’s
Children baptized in, 116; Sey-
mour family. 116. Castle
Mound, age of, Deer Horn Picks,
Neolithic? 116, 382 ; Chapel of
St. Nicholas, foundations found,
116; Grotto, 349; Illust., 1788,
382; Roman Coins, 116.
Castle Inn, 506; 1772, illust.,
382 ; Date of, 383. Castle
and Ball Hotel, 350.
Cavendish House Staircase, 116.
Chantry visited, 349.
Civil War, Will. Houlbrook, &c.,
MS. Notes, 594, Coaches,
1657, 1828, 131, 386. Cold —
Harbour, St. Martin’s Chapel, —
383.
Marlborough College, 86, 116.
Acct. of, noticed, 345. Air
- photos., 382. Bridge, 384,
Buildings, progress of, 383.
Butler Pearce, 384.
©. House, date of building, 116, ~
383 ; illust., 115. Chapel, —
old, 1848, illust., 382; New, —
illust., 345, 382; opened, 384. —
Charter, 383. Court —
before 1893, illust., 382.
Cricket, Hist. of, 384. Field —
House opened, 384. Fives
Court, 1849, illust., 382.
Foundation, date of, 383. :
“ Goaty,” 384. Hist. of Col-
lege, new edition, 19138, noticed,
382, 384. In 1843 & 1865,
illusts., 382. Museum, 349, —
Nat. Hist. Soc., Hist. of;
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 671
384; Report 1921, noticed, 117.
Organist, 243. Plan,
382, Plants, 152. Playing
Fields, illust., 382. Portico,
116. Prefectorial system,
383, 384. Preshute House
opened, 384. Rebellion, 1851,
383. Rugby influence, 383.
Squirrel Hunting & Poach-
ing, 382, 383. Surgery Bill,
384. *“ Voss,” 384. War
Memorial Hall, 349. Webb
of the grub shop, 384. Volun-
teer Corps Officers, illust., 382.
Wilderness, excavations,
349 ; Fungi, 544. Wilkinson,
Matt., Head Master, 383.
Marlborough Common, earth-
works, date of, 116 ; Plants, 161.
Court Rolls, art. on, noticed,
606. Crown Inn, Coaches,
386. Derivation, 382.
Downs, 615, 618; Fungi, 544,
Football Club, 243.
Freemasons, 506. Grammar
School, reminiscences of, noticed,
505, 506. Guides to, noticed,
115, 135. High Street, illust.,
345. Tilusts., 115.
‘Kingsbury Street, 116.
Lichens, 1, 117. Ld. Hert-
ford’s House, 1728, illust., 382.
Lucy’s Shop, Staircase & Glass,
‘116. MS. Notes, 425.
Mosses & Mollusca, 117.
Mundy’s House, panelled room,
‘116. Plants & Butterflies,
117. Rainfall, 1921, 117.
Ridgeway, 94. St.
Mary’s Church, 1843, Sir
S. Glynne’s notes, 209 ;
Lichen, 9; W. door, &c., illust.,
115, 345. St. Peter's
(Church, 1843, Sir S.
Glynne’s Notes 210; Illust.,
345; ‘Tower, 212; visited, 349.
Site of, at centre of ancient
tracks, 95, 261. Snow, deep,
(622. Treacle Bolly, deriva-
tion, 384 ; Dry, 1921, 117.
Waimate, 545. War Mem-
morial 7th Wilts, illust., 412.
Wells, in 1921, 117.
White Horse, illust., 523.
"Wilts Arch. Soc. Meeting,
1923, 345—354. Wye
House, illust., 415.
Marlborough, Alfred of, identified,
382,
Marlborough, Earl of, see Ley, Sir
James.
Marlborough, Master of, Enid M.,
d. of, port, 421.
Mate Phil. le, lands at Bowood,
March Warbler, 77.
Marsh family, 556, Edw. 557.
Maria, w. of Francis, 525.
Narcissus, ae on, noticed, 123.
Rob., 57
Marshall, ane held Wolfhall,
388.
Marshall, Rev. E. S., on Plants,
158, 157—159.
Marshman, Sam., 245.
Marston House (Dor-.), 82.
Marston Biggott (Som.), 83.
Marston Meysey, made parish and
Rectory, 1648, 14. Church
built by R. Jenner, 14.
Manor bought by R. Jenner, 13,
14. Payment to Rector of
Meysey Hampton, 14. Plants,
163. Polecats, 80. Pro-
perly of Bp. of Salisbury sold,
ae South, 80, 578.
Feast, rhyme, "391, Songs,
380.
Marten (Bedwyn), site of battle of
Meretun, 96.
Martin Down Camp, Bronze or
Early Iron Age, 512.
Martin, Lady, 205.
Martinsell Hill,618. Palzeoliths,
120,
Martyn, Anthony, 576. Edw.,
576, 578, 586. Gabriel, 583.
Mary, Q. of Scots, 259.
Mary Tudor, 259.
Maskell, Rev. Will., buys Broad-
leas, 112.
Maskelyne, N. Story, 325, 340;
Collection of Gems sold, 77, 272,
399; On Foreign Stones of
Stonehenge, 329. Mrs. Story,
254 ; Gift, 272 ; on Site of Battle
of Ellandune, 96 ; The Village
Feast or Revel, 588—591.
Masons’ Marks on Bradford
Barn, by W. G. Collins, 363,
364, fig, 425.
Masterman, Air Commodore, 604.
Masters, W. H., 50.
672 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Matricaria, species, 151, 157.
Matrimony Farm, Ridgeway, 95.
Matthew, Mrs., port., 421, 423.
Matthews, E. J., writings, 620.
Mauduit family, hold Manors of
Westbury Leigh and Warmin-
ster; John; Matilda; Thos., s.
of Warine, 106, 107.
Maundrell, Mr., 33.
Maurice, Dr. W. B.,and Mrs., reads
paper, hospitality, 350.
May, Anstice (I., II.), 226.
Edw., Survey by, 1652, 356.
Thos., 601.
May & Collins, Messrs., 509,
‘“ Mayford”= Bratton, in novel,
617, 618.
Mayo, John, 101.
Mayow, Rev. M. W., 504.
Mayshman, James, 223.
Mazer sold, 76.
Mead, Stephen, land at Bowood,
30.
Meare (Som.), Lake Dwellings,
Bone objects, 481. Oats, 494.
Measures of land, basis of, 216.
Medlicott Family, Eulogy of, 623.
Capt., 79. Hen. E., 85,
109, 623; Gifts, 40, 133.
Kate D., obit., 85.
Megalithic structures, instances of
stones brought from a distance,
93, 337. Erected by Medit-
erranean traders, 93. Of
Eneolithic age, 592. At
Kermario, mound with cells,
592. At Prescelly (Pemb.),
338, 340. See Arbor Low,
Avebury, Carnac.
Melanesian Missions, 84, 85.
Melaspilea, species, 430.
Melbourne Nat. Gallery, 507.
Melbourne, Thos., printer, 319.
Melcombe Regis (Weymouth),
Black Death began at, 270.
Melksham, 233, 406, 617.
Agricult, Assoc. 416, 507.
Audley Estate, MS. Accounts,
361. Church, Sir S&S.
Glynne’s Notes, 210, 211.
Féte, illust., 414. Foot-
ball, illust., 411. Forest,
Fallow Deer, 392; Feeding of,
616 ; Mortality amongst, 392.
; German Gun in River,
illust., 412. Little Owl, 256.
Nonconformist Chapels,
Hist. of, 618. St. Andrew’s
Church, sermon, 606. War
Memorial, illust., 414.
Weavers’ Riots, 616. Visit
of Mrs. Booth, illust., 413; of
Wesley, 130. See also Shaw.
Melons grown in 17th cent., 311.
Membury Camp. plants, 158, 162.
Mendip Ridgeway, route of Blue
Stones to Stonehenge, 612.
Roman Road from Old Sarum,
true line of, 94.
Menec, Megalithic Avenues, 337.
Mentha, species, 151, 160.
Menyanthes, 159.
Merchant Adventurers in Cloth
Trade, 531, 535.
Mere and Maiden Bradley, Geolo-
gists’ Excursion, 1916, Report
noticed, 271. Charnage Hill.
Great Fault (Geology),271; Lime
Kiln Quarry, 271. Church,
1849, Sir S.Glynne’s Notes,
211, 212; Brass, Sir J. Bettes-
thorne, 212; Glass, 212 ; Screens
and Stalls, 211. Dead Maid
Quarry, section, 271 ** Mere”
in A. 8S. Charters=Pond, 71 ; In
Place names, meaning, 262.
Woodlands House, Architecture,
History, and Restoration, arts.
noticed, 109, 110, 613, 614, illusts.,
Chapel, illusts., 613 ; saved from
destruction, 109; Hall, illusts.,
613, 614; Manor and House,
descent of, 109, 613, 614;; Mantel-
pieces, illusts., 613; Sarsen stone,
358; Tiles, 614.
Merewether, ‘Abjohn, s.of J ohn, 224,
Dean, Dilan Writings, 218.
Merle Down, Fungi, 549,
Merlin (Hawk), 133.
Merlin, Legend of, at Stonehenge,
origin of, 405, 447.
Merril Down, 72; Wansdyke, 353.
Merriman, R. W., obit. notice and
List of Writings, 505, 506.
Edith H.; H. V.; Stephen B.;
T. B.; Rev. T. F.; Will. C. ; Will.
H., 505, 506. Merriman &
Gwillim, Messrs., 505.
Merthyr Tydvil, 86; Cholera, 522.
Messenger, H., gifts, 626.
Methuen, F.M. Lord, buys Biddes-
tone, &c., 617 ; Gift, 355 ; ports.,
A421, 422; Restores Altar Table
to Biddestone, 253.
HA: @
INDEXS TO VOL. Xie 673
writings, 133, Paul, 76, 236.
Hon. Seymour, ports., 421,
422, T. A., writings, 133.
Meux, Sir Henry buys Vasterne,
_ 259; opens Barrows, 366.
Meyrick family, 109. Mr.,, 518.
Rev. Edwin, 75. Eliz.;
614. Owen, L.; Pierce;
Will., owns Woodlands, 614.
Meysey Hampton (Gloucs.), 14.
Michel, Will., Land Hy Bowood, 31.
Micklethwaite, Mr.,
Middlesex, Earl of, ior re Ald-
bourne Warren, 576, 577.
Midsomer Norton, 510.
Milax Sowerbyi, 402.
Mildenhall Black Field, site of
Cunetio, 117. Church, Sir
S. Glynne’s Notes, 212, 213:
modern Gothic woodwork, 213 ;
visited, 350. Woodlands
House, Portico from at Marl-
borough College, 116.
Milford Haven, Stonehenge Blue
Stones shipped from (?), 828, 405.
Milk Hill, Paleeoliths, 120.
Plants, 153.
Millard, W. H., 380.
Miller ,Sanderson, designs Gothic |
Hall at Lacock, 385.
Milles, Geo., 558.
“ Millman,” in Cloth Trade, 222.
Milnes, Dorothy M., d. of Rev. A.,
114.
Milston, Addison’s Birthplace,
illust., 620. ;
Milton (Dors.), 607.
Milton Lilborne, 509.
Yellow, 81. See also Clench.
Minchinhampton (Glos.), 164.
Minety, 86, 438. Church,
Sir S. Glynne’s Notes, 213,
214; Brass, Pulpit; Screens,
2138, 314. Deeds, 425.
House, illust., 415. Lichens,
430. The Mansells (House),
87. Songs, 380. See also
Braydon Hall.
Minety, Simon, 600. Thos.,
599.
Mitchell, Eliz., 102. Mary, 87.
Rob., 576.
_ Moat, Old Park, Devizes, 392.
Moberly, Geo., Bp. of Salisbury,
: 82; art. on, noticed, 621.
| Molens, 'Thos., 219.
: | Molinis, 164.
Clouded
Monastic Houses, see Ivychurch ;
Lacock ; Monkton Farleigh.
Money, Col.James, of Whetham, 24.
Monks Hole, Ebbesbourne Wake,
483.
Monks Park House, illust., 415.
Monkton Deverill Church,
Sir S. Glynne’s Notes, 214.
Monkton Farleigh Priory, effigy,
135. Owned Slaughterford,
617.
Monmouth, Geoffrey of, 339.
Montgomery Church, screen, 65.
Montacute family, 126 ; arms, 287.
Montague, Geo., writings, 133.
Montfort, Simon de, 126.
Montgomery, Rev. G. A., tomb at
Bishopstone, 178.
Moody, Mrs., 221. Will, 223.
‘* Moonrakers, The,’ Paper of 7th
Batt. Wilts Regt., account of,
324,
Moonwort, i151.
Moor, C., writings, 406.
Moore, Charles, 329.
Morbihan, megaliths, 592.
Mordon (Berks & Hants), A. S.
Charters wrongly ascribed to,517.
More family, 556. Sir Thos.,
259.
Moredon, “‘ Broadway,” 94.
Morellet, Abbe, 27.
Morgan, Ed. Ch., printer, 319.
Hen., 16.
Morgan’ s Hill, Barrows, 59, 60.
Roman Rd. & Twas oe
Morice, John, 225. Col. L
412,
Morris, Martha F., d. of Joseph,
84, Will. founds “ Swindon
Advertiser,” 313.
Morrison collection, 361.
Mors (Morse) family, 556.
Miss 607.
Mortar, Stone, 133.
Mortimer, Miss, 102. Rev. E.
G., 65, 556. Geo., builds
Woollen Factory at Fonthill,
524. Rob., obit., 510.
Mortlake Pile Dwellings in
Thames, 495.
Mosse, Francis, 576.
Motcombe, 607.
Moulton, J., gift, 355.
‘* Mount Field” in line of Wans-
dyke, 499.
Mountford, Mr., 253
674 INDEX TO VOL, XLII:
Mountjoy, Ld., see Blount.
Moure, Mr., land at Bowood, 32.
Mud Walls used in §. Wilts,
method of construction, 398, 512.
Fork used for building, 272.
Mullers, use of spherical & keeled
types in making Querns, 119.
Mummers, described, 391.
Murdock, Sophia, gift, 273; writ-
ings, 401.
Murray, M. A., writings, 522,
Thos., 578.
Murray-Shirref, Capt. B. G., port.,
A4Ql.
Mushrooms grown
Quarries, 397.
Mycena, species, 545.
Mylne, Bp. L. G., port., 419.
Myosotis, species, 159.
Myosurus, 153.
Mytens, Dan., painter, 423.
Nadder Valley, 479, A. 8S.
Charters, 98. Trackways, 95.
Nairne, Rev. J ames, 525.
Naish, Mr., 624.
Names, Double Christian Names
rare, 222.
Napper, Mary Ann, d. of Sam., 112.
Narberth (Pemb. ), Glacial Boul-
ders, 331.
Nardus, 165,
Nat. Hist. Notes, 77-—81,
253—256 ; Writings, 409.
Naturalists, S. Western Union
formed, 3477,
Naucoria, species, 546.
Neale family of Yate, 622.
Grace Eliz. ; James, port. ; Rob.,
(G.,,40. ITs ), ports. ; Sarah, port.,
621, 622.
Neate, J. KR, gift, 355.
Neeld, Sir Audley D., and Lady,
ports., 420, 422. Sir John,
purchaseand saleof property,61 7.
in derelict
Neolithic blood in Wiltshire
labouring class, M. Hewlett on,
S Period, Vegetation of,
261.
Neottia, 161.
Nervii made hedges for defence,
520.
Nesset Hill, 61.
Neston, Death of Capt. Speke
described, 401.
Netheravon, 620, 623. In-
stitute,® illust., 414, MS.
notes, 595,
Bonaire Coles Ash(Dors.),
N leit te Old Bath Road,
131,
N ettleton, A. 8. Charters, 517.
Nevil, Eliz., 359. Canon E. R.,
76
New Buildings near Marlborough,
Wansdyke, 499.
New Forest, Cranbourne Chase,
&c., map of ancient sites by
Heywood Sumner, noticed, 271.
“New Swindon Express,” paper,
account of, 319.
New Zealand, Wilts Regt. in Maori
War, 263.
Newall, Josephine M., obit., Em-
broidery School, 510, R.S.,
437; Excavates Hanging Lang-
ford Camp, 69, 347, 473, 514;
Gift, 355 ; Notes, 79, 253; On
Bronze Implements in Black-
more Museum, 601, 602, figs. ;
Writings, 404.
Newark (Notts), 114. Church,
Screen, 65. “From the
Meadows,” illust., 414.
Newbolt, Sir Hen., port., 422, 423 ;
Writings, 407,
Newbury, 99, 110.
Coach, 1657, 386.
Stage
Newcomb, Simon, Astronomer, ,
Stonehenge calculations, 89. 91,
Newlands ee ), plant, 255,
Newman, Tl’. C., printer, 319 ; port.,
622.
Newnham (Cambs.), Involuted
Brooch, 68.
Newnham on Severn, 378.
Newnton Lodge, illust., 413.
Newnton, North, 619, Bottle
Farm, Bottlesford, derivation,
516, Charters, 516.
Maizeley Copse, derivation, 516.
Newstead, Roman fort, 511.
Spindle Whorls, 489.
Newspapers, Wiltshire, Past
and Present. Newspapers
of N. Wilts. N. Wilts
Herald. By J. J. Slade,
313—324.
Newton Abbot (Dev.), 86, 315.
Newton, South, A.S. Charters,517..
MS. Notes, 595.
Stowford, derivation, 517.
Newton & Co., Messrs., 233.
Newtown Shalbourne, Fungi, 543) —
—— Se ™ on
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 675
Nicholas family at Roundway, 100 ;
Owned Manningford Bruce, 29.
And Knight families, 504.
Edw., 578, 586. Oliver,
578, 579.
Nicholas, St., Baydon Church
dedication, 566.
Nicholls, Rob., Botanist, 427, 428.
Niepce, Photographical discoveries,
386.
Nightingale, J. E., 253.
“Nines, The,” Paper of Wilts
Rest., account of, 324.
Nisbet, Rob. Parry,of Southbroom,
103.
Nobbs, Will., 312.
Noke Wood, Fungi, 543, 545, 552.
Nolanza, species, 546.
Noman, Francis, s. of Joana, 221.
“Nonconformity in W. Wilts, Rise
and Growth of,” noticed, 618.
In Wilts, 1662, 504.
Ministers, 1818—19, Notes on,
noticed, 130.
Norborne family, at Studley, 29.
Norden, John, 577.
Norley, Land near Bowood, 32.
Norrington House, 620.
‘* North China Herald,” 502.
North Moor, Oxon, 587.
“North Wilts Guardian,” Paper,
Hist. of, 323.
“North Wilts Herald,” Hist.
of by J. J. Slade, 313—319.
B22)
“North Wilts Church Maga-
zine,” Hist. of, 323.
Northampton, Marquis, 111.
Marchioness, port., 420,
Northey, Wiil. sells Prebend Manor
| Nuth, Arthur, obit., 87.
of Calne, 28.
Northumberland, Duke of, 390.
Norton, A. 8. Charter, 516.
King Way, 94. Maidford,
derivation, 516.
_ Norton Bavant, 86, 97. Benet
family, 612. Long Barrow
Neolithic Pottery, 513.
Norwich, Door Handle, 110.
Norwood, Upper, 547.
Nos Galen Geeth, Quarter Day.
588.
Notton, illust., 413.
Nunton Church, 1872. Sir
S. Glynne’s Notes, 278.
House, illust., 415.
Ben,87.
VOL. XLII—NO. CXLI.
Nuthill, 61.
Nyctalis, species, 552.
Nympheea, 153.
Oak in Early Iron Age, 461,
Oakhill, 378.
Oaksey Church, Sheela-na-Gig
figure, art. noticed, 522.
Lichens, 427, 428, 430.
Songs, 380.
Oare, A. S. Charter, derivation,
516. Plants, 154.
Withy Copse, Pottery, 369, 514.
Oatridge family, of Lechlade, pedi-
gree, 14. Abigail; Dan;
Hen.; Jane; John; Rob.;
Simon, 14, 15.
Oats, Early Iron Age, Fyfield
Bavant, described, 494, fig.
Obelisks, & Stonehenge worked by
Stone Mauls, 594, 610.
Obituary, Wiltshire, 82—88,
242—245, 374—379, 501
—511, 605—608.
O’Brien, Geo., Ld. Cockermouth,
617.
Odenford, 516.
Odontomyia, species, 81.
Odstock, 620. Church, 1872,
Sir S. Glynne’s Notes, 278 ;
Pulpit, 278.
CEnanthe, species, 157.
Offchurch (Warw.), 84.
Offer, A. J., printer, 321.
Offerings to be made by all pa-
rishioners, 589.
Office of Works, 217.
Ofnet Cave, Human Remains, 490.
Ogbourne, 584. Common, 585.
MS. Notes, 425.
Neolithic Flints, 43. House
of Thos. Haynes, 579. Manor
held by King’s Coll., Camb.,
585.
Ogbourne St. Andrew Church,
1845, Sir S. Glynne’s Notes,
378,379; Goddard Monument,
379; Church, Terriers, &c., MS.
Notes, 594.
Ogbourne St. George, Church,
1845, Sir S.Glynne’s Notes,
279, 280; brass, Screens,
Seats, 279, 280. Manor,
580; Held by Tho. Bond, 579.
Tithe Apportionment, Court
Rolls, &c., 594. Called
“Wootton Fitz George” in
book, 618,
0 ¢
676 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Old Chapels,” Three Earthworks,
Oldbury Camp, Late Celtic Pottery,
Hill, Lynchets, medi-
ay 61. Place names from
Bowood Map, 61
Old Hat Barrow in A. S. Charter
516.
Oliver, Dr., of Bath, his Biscuits,
86. Peter, painter, 424.
Will., obit., 86.
Omphalia, species, 545.
Opegrapha, species, 8, 480.
Ophioglossum, 166.
Orcheston St. Mary, MS. Notes,
595.
Orchil for dye, 6
Orchis, species, 152, 162.
O’Regan, J. R. H., obit., 86.
Organs at Salisbury Cath., 286;
Trowbridge, 298 ; Upavon, 300;
Westbury, 303. Barrel Or-
gans, 197; Steeple Ashton, 293,
440.
Ornithogalum, species, 151, 153;
Pyrenaicum, ‘French Aspara-
gus,” 162.
Orobanche, species, 152, 159.
Orseille d’Auvergne, Dye, 6.
Osborn, J. Lee, “ Chippenham an
ancientSaxon Town, &c., noticed,
114, 115; Gifts, 134: on Wulf.
hall, &c., 616; Writings, 129,
134, 409.
Oswald’s Barrow (Ham), 516.
Otter Hounds, 1808, 121.
Iilust., 416.
Ottrig, Hen., 14.
Overton, West, 53, 622. A.S.
Boundaries, 57; altered, 516;
Charter assigned to wrongly, 516,
517. Delling, large Sarsens,
described, 51. Derivation,
520. Fosbury, or Foxbury,
59. George Bridge, 58.
Mill, Windmill! Hill, 62.
Parson’s Penning, “ Crundell,”
or ‘‘Scrowe’s Pit” (?), 57, 58.
Ray Down, 58. San-
bourne,” 58. Standing
Stones described, 50.
Westwoods Map, 115.
See alsoShaw Farm, Westwoods.
Owen, Archdeacon, 287. Will.,
220.
Owl. Little, 78, 256.
Snowy,
reported, 79.
Ox Drove, 8. Wilts, 95.
Oxen used in Wilts, art.on, noticed,
2. Breeds used, 122.
Oxenwood Long Barrow opened,
262.
Oxford, Council of, 1222, 589.
St. Ebbes, 244. St. Peter’s, —
in the East, 84. “St. Toles,”
Brief for fire, 559.
Oxted (Surrey), 581.
Packer, Poll, witch, 258.
Padlock, given, 133.
Page, Will., 102.
Painter, Phil, 100. Rob., will
of, 623.
Paintings, Mural, Gt. Bedwyn Ch.,
171. Latton Ch., 203.
Purton Ch., 283. See also
Kingston Lisle Ch. On
Wood, Doom, Dauntsey Ch., 194.
Paleeoliths, near Swindon, 43.
Palmer, Major Allen, 413.
Geo. H., writings, 410.
Brig.-Gen. G. Ll, ports., 420, 421.
Paludestrina jenkinsi, 402.
Panaeolus, species, 547, 548.
Panus, species, 543, 552.
Papaver, species, 80, 153.
Paradise family, 504, 505.
Paris quadrifolia, 162. §
Paris, Caleb; Thos. (I., II., IIT), —
582. =
Parish Church in Middle Ages, 106. —
Histories, Form of Queries
for, 595. Shape of, causes
of, 261. 4
Parker, Squire, of Lushill, Legend
of a Demon Stag, 257. ;
Walt., 17.
Parkinson, Miss, port., 420.
J., 331, 332, 340,
Parkstone, 607.
Parmelia, species, 1, 2, 3, 427, 429,
Parr, @. Kath., held Devizes Castle
and Park, 100 ; Marriages, 389.
Parsons, Prof, 49. H. F., 1
Rich., 357. 2
Part, Gerald, 338. :
Passmore, A. D., 40, 59, 60, 62, 118,
361,516; Collection, 126, 247,248, ©
861; Visited, 42; Excavations,
215, 217, 247, 248, 381; Gifts,
135, 278, 355, 426 ; Notes on
Field Work in N. Wilts,
1921—22, 49-51; On
Langdean Stone Circle, E.
Kennet, 364—366, jigs. ; On
|
|
| Pembroke,
| illust., 182, 399.
INDEXe LO VOL. XLIT 677
Long Chambered Barrow
in West Woods, opened,
366, 367; On objects found
at Silbury, 218; On Wansdyke
in Forest Country, 499, 50;
Notes and Remarks, 46, 56, 248,
249; “ Age and Origin of Wans-
dyke,” art. noticed, 519, 520;
“Avebury Ditch,” art. noticed,
121; Devil’s Den, noticed, 45,
117; Use of hammerstones or
mullers in the Soudan, noticed,
119; work at the Devil’s Den,
41; Writings, 135, 522.
Paten Hill (Oldbury), 61.
Paterson, Rev. C. E., writings, 408.
Patney Church, 1859, Sir
S. Glynne’s notes on, 280.
Pattens, given, 133.
Patvyne alias Cuthberd (surname),
221.
Paul, Sir J. Balfour, 525.
Paulton, R., on Lichens, 2—9.
Paveley family, of Broke, Hist.,106.
Paxillus, species, 549.
Payne, Rev. E. W. W.,, obit., 243.
Sir Will., Effigy and Arms,
Tollard Royal Ch., 298.
Peace, John, 221.
Pearce, Dan., Dew Pond Maker, 73.
Dickey, Fool to Earl of
Suffolk, burial, 259.
Peat, Theophilus, 358.
Pedicularis, species, 152, 159.
Pedigree of a Wiltshire Labourer,
225.
Peg Tankard of Wood, Wardour,
97.
Peirson, Guy, 42. L. G., note,
499, 500. Mary, Brief for
Relief, 559.
Pelham, Ld., 127, 401.
Pelling, Thos., Rector of Trow-
bridge, ejected, 219.
Pelsen, Rich. & Anne, 38.
| Pelson, Mary, 31.
Peltigera, species, 3.
Countess of, ports,
421—424; Marg., Countess of,
424, Karl of, 579; Militia,
1641, 263; Monuments, Wilton
Church, 304; Ports, 421—423.
Hen., 2nd Karl, armour sold,
Hen., 10th
Karl, port., 521. Philip
(I. If.), 622; Holds Aldbourne
Warren, 576, 578; port., 422;
Philip, 4th Earl, 100; Holds
Devizes Castle & Parks, 392.
Reginald, 15th Earl, port.,
Bile Will., 1st Earl, port.,
424, Will., 3rd Earl, 392;
Connection with Shakespeare,
423; Port., 423. Will.,
Ranger of Aldbourne Chase, 576,
577, 584.
Pen Dinas (Merioneth) Camp, 57.
Pen Hill(Stratton), derivation, 517.
Pendomer, 378.
Penfold, Miles, P., 581.
Peninsular War, Wilts Regt., 263.
Pennicott, Mr., 252.
Penning, derivation, 55.
Penrose, Rev. J., 78.
Penruddocke Rising, 126.
Penruddocke, Miss, 409.
Charlesana Postuma, sketches —
by, 135. Eliz., 243.
Capt. Geo., gift, 355; Note, 256.
Helen ’a Court, obit., 243.
John Hungerford, 243.
Col. John, relics at Compton,
620.
Pentecost, Osbern, 382.
Pentridge Hills, 484.
Pepler, Mr., 33.
Peplis, species, 156,
Pepermint, 151.
Percival, Bp., 408.
Perelle d’Auvergne, dye, 6.
Perkins, Mr., 238. Rev. C. E.,
hospitality, 45,
Perrett, C. R. & Noel, ports., 420.
Perry, W. J., note, 93.
Persela (Christian name), 221,
Persons, Hen., 30.
Perton family, 556.
Pertusaria, species, 2, 6, 430.
Pertwood, Roman Rd. to Mendip,
line of, 94.
Peterborough, Earl of, monument
at Dauntsey, 193,
Petersfield, 88.
Peto, H. A., of Iford, 113.
Petrie, Prof., W. M. Flinders, 91,
218; gifts, 272; Report of
Diggings in Silbury Hill,
August 1922, 215—218,
plans.
Petty, Mary, 107.
Petty, Ld. Hen., 27. Sir Will.,
33; Cherhill Monument in
memory of, 36 ; London property
sold, 83; Will. of, 34.
’ .
> G2
678 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Pewsey, 377, 607. Avebrick
Farm, derivation, 517.
Church1859,SirS.Glynne’s
Notes, 280, 281. Feast,
illust., 416. House of 8. B.
Dixon, illust.,418. Martin-
sell Camp, A. S. Charter, deri-
vation, 517. Plants, 152,
154, 155, 158, Roman Rd.,
94, Southcott Lodge, 244.
Victory Clump, Quaker
burial, 244, White Horse,
never existed, 523. Wippes-
hull, Gibbet of Prior of Braden-
stoke, 76.
Pewsey Vale A. S. Charters, 93.
Association for village agricul-
tural clubs, 509.
Phaeographis, species, 8, 430.
Phallic Flints, natural, 381.
Phillimore, Lucy, Writings, 620.
Phillips, Bertram, gift, 355.
Sir Owen & Lady, ports., 422,
Phillipps MSS., 361.
Phillips, Francis Hen., obit., 508.
Jacob, 508. Will., Botanist,
498, 430,
Phipps family of Chalcote, 106 ;
Monuments, Westbury Church,
303. John owned Broke,
107. Nich. (I. II.) owned
Chalcote and Leigh, 107.
Lady Sybil, port., 423.
Thos., 107. Will., Governor
of Bombay, 107.
Pholiota, species, 546.
Photography, Calotype or Talbo-
type, discovered by W. H. Fox
Talbot, first photo ever taken,
385, 386.
Phyllis Charles & Mrs., ports.,
fee species, 2, 4, 10, 427, 429.
Phyllitis, 165.
Pickwick, 130, 387. Road
turnpiked, 387. .
Pickledean, in A. S. Charter, 516.
Picris, species, 158.
Pierce, Ruth, acct. of, 504.
Pierson, L. Cle as guide, 349.
Pile, Sir Gabriel & Anne, tomb &
effigy, Collingbourne Kingstone,
188, 574.
Pinchard, Biddulph, Architect, 111.
Pinchin, Thos., 22a
Pineaple, first grown by J. Rose,
Pipemakers, see Gauntlett ; Green-
land, R.
Piper, Annie, 318. J. He
printer, owns “N. Wilts Herald, ”
215, 318. W.J., 315.
Pisé, as building material, 417.
Pitford, Charles, Brief for Relief,
508,
Pits, Dwelling and Storage, Ashes
of Straw Roof, 460. At
Standlake, 459, 472. Bee-
hive shape, 457, 470. Clay
Hearths, 471. Clay Lining,
459. Cooking, 470.
Double, 368 (plan), 469, 471.
Dwelling Pits, Arab, in Mesopo-
tamia, 460. Entered by
Ladders, 457, 460, 461.
Filled in in Pre- Roman times, 459.
Height aad Width, 46,
Method of Excavation, 458.
Models at Devizes, 469.
Paved floor, 470. _ Pre-
Roman, 229. Rain water
drains, 230. Rectangular,
438, 465, 469, 472. Sheep’s
Skeleton, 459. Storage for
Grain, 457, 469. Unfinished,
458. Used. as Forge, 471.
With Central Pole and
without, 459, fig. With
Flint Shafts, 462, 466, 470.
With Hearths, 457. With
Recesses, 462, 469—471.
With Steps or Seats, 458, 459,
462, 469, 470, 472. With
Wattle and Daub Roofs and ~
Thatch, 459, 460, 471, 472. >
See also Battlesbury; Fyfield
Bavant ; Worlebury. =
Pitt, Mr., property, 24.
Frances, writings, 409.
Joseph, work of, 398. Lady
Lucy, Romantic Marriage, 614. —
Ridgeway owns Woodlands, —
614, Thos., lst Earl of
Londondery, owns Woodlands, ~
614.
Pitt Rivers, Gen., 512. On
Wansdyke i in Forest land, 499.
Pittenweem, 525.
Pittes, Rob., 12.
Placodium, species, 2, 4.
Placynthium, species, 1, 3, 428. :
Plate, Church, see Heddington ;
Lacock; Westbury. Mazer, —
illust., 415. |
INDEX TO
Pleiosaurus, Swindon, 43.
Plenderleath, Rev. W. C., 251.
Plesheybury (Kssex), Roman
Bronze Jug, 601.
Pleurotus, species, 545.
Pleydell, Edw., 16, 17.
Harriet, heiress of Coleshill, 112.
Sir Mark Stewart, 17.
Ploughs, wooden, made at High-
worth, 257.
Pluteus, species, 543, 545.
Poa, species, 164.
Pobge, Pobjoy (surname), 221.
Pockeridge Quarry, Mushroom
growing, illust., 416,
Poison Gas factory, 128.
Polecat, bones in Barrow, 461.
Fyfield Bavant pits, 464.
Pollen, Charles J. Hungerford,
obit., 83. JBililays Bll,
Polygala, species, 154.
Polygonatum, species, 152, 162.
Polygonum, species, 117, 152, 160. ©
Polypodium, 166.
Polystichum, 165.
Pond Barrows and Circular Earth-
works, new theory by H. A.
Allcroft, noticed, 519.
Ponting, C. E., 109; gift, 355; on
Churches of Aldbourne,
Baydon, Collingbourne Du-
Cis,and Kingston,561—575.
Poole Keynes Church, 1870.
Sir S. Glynne’s notes, 281.
Poole, Sir Hen., 12. Hugh,
225. Rich., 224, 225,
Poore family, monument in Salis-
bury Cath., 287. Bp. Rich.,
125, 126, 265 ; tomb in Cath., 287.
Pope, Mr., 349.
Popham, Sir Francis, 403.
Populus, species, 151, 161.
Porcelain, Passmore Coll., 43.
Portishead (Som.), 244.
Porton, 244.
Portraits, Wiltshire, 419—
424.
| Portsmouth, 607.
_ Portway (Berks), called ‘‘ Icenhilde
| _ Weg,” 94.
_ Potamogeton, species, 117, 152,
163
Potentilla, species, 152, 155.
| Pot Boilers, burnt flints, numbers
' in Fyfield Pits, 459, 461, 462.
| Potterne, 605, 607. ‘* Barbone
Shoot,” 390. Barrow opened,
VOL. XLII. 679
cin. urn and flint knife, 625.
Blount’s Court, illust., 413;
Road diverted, 390. Broad-
leas, arts on, noticed, 85, 112;
House built, 112; Bought by
Rev. Will. Marshall, 112.
Catley’s Sunday School, 392.
“Chilsbury Shoot,” 399.
Church, Sir S. Glynne’s
notes, 281, 282; Font, old,
97; Medlicott Monument, 623 ;
Restoration, 605 ; Sermon, 606.
** Clay Shard,” 390.
Comma Butterfly, 81, 255.
Counting out rhyme, 391.
Dole Stone in Ch. yd., Rent for
Manor, paid on, 114. Feast
described, 391. “ Grub
Shrub,” 390. Hawfinch, 256.
Inns, names of, 391.
King’s Arms Club Rules,
392. ‘‘ Lambs,” derivation,
391. Lanes, names of, 390 ;
Old Map of, 625. Lepidium
latifolium, 80. Manor held
by Bp. of Salisbury, 392; and
Prebend leased, 113; Rent for,
how paid, 114. Nine Hills,
390. Medlicott family, 85.
Notes, 1850—1900, by 'T.
Smith, noticed, 390—392.
Notes, MS., by W. H. Jones, 138.
“One Tree” or “ Little
Tree,” 390. Organ Inns,
391, Pied Robin, 79.
Porch House,illust.,97; Restored,
605. Pound, 114.
Sandfield, 85. Schools, 391.
Shoemakers, formula of
work, 391. ** Shoots,” names
of, 390. Spring, ‘* Pitchers
and Pans,” water used for
Christenings, 390. “ Use
Money ” and “ Use Bread,” 391.
Visited, 396. Wells,
names of, 390. Whit-Tues-
day Club Processions, 392.
Pottery, Arretine, Belgic Black,
and Mont Beuvray, 514.
Ball, Globular, Fyfield, 484.
Bronze Age, cin. urns,of Deverill
Rimbury or finger tip type. com-
mon in Dorset, 248; Of early
iron or Halstatt age really (4)
118, 119, 394, 512, 513 ; Bishops
Cannings, 599 ; Ebbesbourne
Wake, 250; Knowle, 245, 246, jig.;
680 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Potterne, 625 ; Winterbourne
Monkton, 247; Winterbourne
Stoke, 248. Drinking Cup,
Buxbury Hill, 250. Incense
Cup, Amesbury, 424. HKyelet
handles, two on same side, 477.
Hallstatt, red coated, All
Cannings, 118, 470, 476, 513;
Fyfield, 472, 473. Tron Age,
early, All Cannings, 472—474,
figs., 476; Battlesbury, 370—
372; Casterley, 369, 514 ; Fyfield
Bavant, 472—478 ; Hengistbury,
476; Glastonbury, 476; Knap
Hill Camp, 369; Odare, 514;
Oldbury, 474; Bead rim type,
369, 472, 514. La Tene, All
Cannings, and Hanging Lang-
ford, 514; Fyfield Bavant, 462,
472, 473. Neolithic, Lanhill
Long Barrow, 513. Ompha-
loid Base, 477. Pedestalled
Base, 477. Perforated Base,
473. Pre-Roman in Wilts,
sequence of, 513. Romano-
British, Haxton, 604; Rushall,
DI. 228, Sling Bullets,
584. Spindle Whorls,
486—489.
Poulshot, Chapel of Ease, built,
605.
Poulton, deeds, 425.
Powell, Mr., gifts to Swindon, 42.
Alex., port., 521. Sir
Edw. and Mary, 392. JW.
gift, 355. Will., maps by, 28.
Power family, 556. Geo., 557.
Powlett, arms, 192. Ld., 224.
Nich. , brass at Minety, 214,
Poynder family, buy Biddestone,
&c., 617. Hon. Joan Dickson,
port., 422, 428.
Pratt, ‘hos., art., noticed, 123.
Pre-Norman Sculptural Stones,
Ramsbury Ch., 350.
Prescelly Mts. (Pemb.), origin
of Foreign Stones of Stone-
henge, by H, H. Thomas,
328, 330—344, 405, 435.
Megalithic Remains, 338, 340.
Route of Blue Stones to
Stonehenge, 612,
Prescombe Down, 483.
Preshute, Barrow Cottages, 63.
Church, Sir S. Glynne’s
Notes, 282; Font from Castle
Chapel, 116. Clatford,
Ailesbury Arms, 59; Eva,recluse
at, 383 ; Laxbury, Lexbury, field
name, 59; Windmill Edge, 63.
See also Manton.
Press, F. J., 64.
Preston, Hugh, 392.
Priest, James, 223.
Primula, vars., 158.
Printers, see Barrass, Hen.;
Brampton, S. T.; Bull, A.;
Burrows, Will.; Corbould, Thos.;
Dobson, W. G.; Farley, Sam.;
Heath, A.; Melbourne, Thos.;
Morgan, Edw. C.; Newman,
T. C.; Offer, A. J.; Piper, J. H. ;
Randle, N. B.; Scarlett, Thos.;
Wilkins, Sam.
Prison Commissioners, gift, 133.
Proctor, Flight Lt. A. W. B.,
funeral, illust., 416.
Prosser, T. O., 103.
Pryor, R. A., 153,
Psalliota, species, 548, 546, 547.
Psathyra, species, 547.
Psathyrella, species, 547.
Psilocbya, species, 543.
Psilocybe, species, 547,
Puccinia, 160.
Puckeridge, J. 9., note, 81,
Pugh, C. W., 69, 348 ; Drawings
by, 490, 512, 601,
Pullein, W. R., writings, 409.
Pullen, H. W., writings, 134.
ee Cloth, Collingbourne Ducis,
18
Punter family, 556.
Pupilla, species, 402.
Purbeck Stone at Fyfield Bavant,
465.
Purton, 428. A. S. Charter,
grant to Malmesbury Abbey,
515. Boundary, near site
of Ellandune Battle, 95.
Church, Sir S. Glynne’s
notes, 282. 283; Panelling —
from Pulpitand Reading Desk at
Stanton St. Quintin, 620; Roll
of Honour, 48; Screen, 282; —
Visited, 47. Comma Butter- —
fly, 254. Cricket Match —
with Marlborough Coll. 384, —
Deeds, 425. Haxmoor,
derivation, 515. Ige, 517.
Lichens, 428, 430.
pa House, AT. Ridge- —
y, 94. Songs, 880. E
Bile House, has. ‘415, 416.
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 681
Pyard family, 556.
Pym, Mr., 403.
Pyramids Temple, stone balls used
in building, 594.
Pyrenula, species, 9.
Pyneles (Calne), held by W.
Michel, 31. |
Pyx, from Codford, 362, 363, fig.
Quaille, Rev. G. E., 126. .
puaeers Slaughterford Chapel,
17.
Quarles, Will., 579.
Quarter Days, Celtic, 588.
Quebec, capture of, 263.
Queen’s Coll. (Camb,), 378.
Queensberry, Charles and Will.,
Dukes of, and Cath., Duchess
of, ports., 421.
Quelet, Lucien, 552.
Quemerford, 322.
Querns, made with stone mullers,
118, 479. Rotary, Fyfield
Bavant, 478, 479 ; Absent at All
Cannings, 512. Saddle,
Fyfield Bavant, 478, 479.
pu Bp., at Synod of Exeter,
589.
Quiberon, Megalithic remains, 337.
Quidhampton (Wroughton), Gad-
bourne, 58.
Quirinia (Christian name), 221.
Radcliffe, Francis R. Y., obit., 607.
G. R. Y.; John Alex.;
J. HE. Y., 607.
Radicula, species, 154.
Radnor, d., sells Calstone, 31.
Jacob, 2nd Earl, builds
Salisbury Council Chamber, 112 ;
Port., 521. Jacob, 6th Earl,
port., 521. Will., 1st Earl,
ioe Rorts 621.
- Raikes, Rev. F., writings, 622.
| Madeline C., d. of C. H., 509.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, expedition to
Canaries, 123.
Ramalina, species, 4.
Rams Coomb (Oldbury), 61.
Ramsay, Sir And.,328. J.C., 64,
Ramsbottom, J., 554.
Ramsbury, 97, 233. Bodorgan
House, illust., 419. Church,
620. 1858, Sir S.
Glynne’s Notes, 445; Font,
modern, 116; Visited, 350,
The Haven, illust., 419.
Lichen, 8. Manor, 620 ;
Account of,noticed, 845 ; Bought
by Sir W. Jones, 584; Candle
Sconce, illust., 414; Visited, 350.
Plants, 153; 161, 1162:
Randall, Rich., 220.
Randle, Mr., 820. Anstice
(I., IL.); John; Joseph, 226.
N. B., printer, 238.
Rangeborn Manor, bought by John
Drew, 102.
Ransome, Rev. Vincent, obit., 378 ;
Port., 421.
Ranunculus, species, 151, 153.
Raphanus, species, 154.
Ratcatcher Joe, 257.
Ravenna, Capital from Ch. of St.
Andrew of the Goths, at Iford,
113.
Ravens eaten, 461.
Rawlence, Guy, writings, 401, 410.
Ray River,=A. 8. Wurfe, deriva-
tion, 515, 517.
Read, J., 401. John, 225.
Marg,, 16, 17. Mary, 107.
Thos,, 16, 17, 224, 225.
Reade, Will. (M.P.), 102.
Reading, 100. Stage Coach,
1657, 386.
* Reading Mercury,” 324.
Recluses at Preshute and St.
Mary’s, Marlborough, 383.
Red Deer, antler objects at Fyfield
Bavant, 481, figs. Not
eaten at Fyfield, 461.
Redfern, Rev. J. L., gift, 355.
Redgrave Park (Suff.), Perforated
Hammerstone, 477.
Redlyncbh House, illust., 415.
Redniffe (Surrey), 557.
Red River Expedition, 50).
Red Shore in Wansdyke in A. S.
Charter, 515.
Redshank nesting, 117.
Reed, Ann, 112.
Rees, Rev. John and Mrs., ports.,
420.
Registers, see Bromham, Hul-
lavington, ‘Trowbridge.
Reilly, C. H., writings, 395.
Remesbach, Will., founds Priory at
Marlborough, 383.
Renolds, Orange Rob,, s.of Stephen
and Eliz., 222.
Repentance (Christian name), 221.
Reseda, species, 154.
Reynell, Mr., 233.
Reynolds, Jonathan, 225.
Prof. S.. H., 251, 361,
682 INDEX TO VOL, XLII.
Stephen, “ Letters of,” noticed,
. 623.
Rheims Cathedral, Figure of Ma-
donna from, at [ford, 113.
Rhizocarpon, species, 7.
Rhodes, J., 340.
Rhys Jones, Rev. E., gift, 273.
Ribes, species, 156.
Rich, Edmund, Archbishop, 125.
Richards, Mrs. Robin, 374.
Rev. Will, 83.
Richardson, Anthony, ‘‘ Word of
the Earth,” noticed, 618.
Rev. A. T’., port., 420. Mrs.
E. M., gifts, 273; ‘The Lion &
the Rose, the Great Howard
Story,” noticed, 258—260.
Mrs. Herbert (Nora), Notes, 80,
81, 367 ; writings, 409.
Richardston (Winterbourne Bas-
sett), Baskerville family, 114.
Richmond, Frank, port., 420.
George, (R.A.) Restores Porch
House, Potterne, 605.
Ridgeways, defined, 93. Camps
& Barrows beside, 95. Course
across country, 94. At E.
Kennett, Sarsens beside, 364.
( Berks.) Visited, Ab.
(S. Wilts), 249. (W. Wilts)
Traced, 95.
Ridgeway, Bp. F. E., Funeral
illust., 416; Port., 422.
Rinodina, species, 1, 5, 427, 429.
Rivar Copse, 72.
Road, War Memorial, illust., 412.
Roads, ancient, lost in Post-Con-
quest Forests, 94. Pre-
Roman Ridgeways & Summer-
ways, G. B. Grundy on, 93,
Romano- British, Romanised, &
Saxon, 93, 94.
Robbins Island, Tasmania, named
after Fred. Robbins, 265.
Roberts, W. R., port., 420, 423.
Robeson, H. E., 361.
Robin, Pied, 79.
Robinson, H. , Writings, 121.
Robsart, Amye, “ Kenilworth ”
version of her death untrue, 259.
Roccella, species, 6.
Roche Court & Farms( Winterslow),
illusts., 414, 417.
Rochester, Canon of, 82.
Rochester, Earl of, see Hyde,
Lawrence.
Rockbourne(Hants.),607; T-shaped
Hypocaust in Village, 230.
Rockingham Castle, 422.
‘“Rockley Firs” Song, 380.
Held by Alfred of Marlborough,
382. Herepath, 57.
Rodbourne, 83.
Rodbourne Cheney Church,
Sir S.Glynne’s Notes, 283
—285; Glass, 284. De-
rivation, 517. Moredon, A.S.
Charters, 517.
oe Francis, s. of Sir John,
220.
Rodwell (Hilmarton) Sarsen
Stones on the clay, 358.
Roe Deer in Early Iron Age, 461.
Roger, Bp., builds Devizes Castle,
392,
Rogers (Brothers), 359. Mr., of
Bremhill, owns land at Bowood
and Heddington, 30, 31.
Fanny, d. of E., 506.
Roiderholz (Austria), Halstatt
Cemetery, 474.
Rolleston, Geo. ; Capt. Geo. ; S.
V.; Col. Will, Vilett, obit., 84.
Rollestone, 87.
Rolt, Edw. ; Thos., 583.
Roman and Romano-British Bone
Arrow or Spear points, Knife
handle, Needle, Rushall, 228.
Bronze Armillz or Earrin gs,
228. Awl, Roundway, 599,
600, fig. ; Bridle ornament, Ave-
bury, 360, fig.; Chain & Hook,
Rushall, 228 ; Ewer with maker’s
stamp & coins, Roundway, 600,
601, fig., 272, Brooches,
Bronze, 272; Cold Kitchen,
67, 69, jfig.; Fyfield Bavant,
465; Roundway, 599, 600, figs. ;
Rushall, 228; Stockton, 133.
Brooches, Iron, Fyfield
Bavant, 482; Ham, & Wood-
cuts, 483. “ Circus in Bri-
tain,” art. by. A. H. Allcroft,
noticed, 519.’ Coins,
at Fyfield Bavant, 464, 479;
Marlborough Castle Mound, 116;
Rushall, 227; Stockton, 280.
See also St. Paul’s Epistle, 59.
Cultivation, system of, Rect-
angular, 393, 457; at Rushall,
227; at Totterdown, 56.
Deer Horn Pick, Rushall, 228.
Finger Rings, Rushall, 228.
Glass Beads, Bottles &
Rose,
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Beakers, 228. Hypocausts,
T-shaped, or ovens, not earlier
than 2nd Cent., 229, 230.
Tron objects, Chain, Hoe, Hook, —
Horseshoes, Keys, Knives, Nails,
Picks, Sandal Cleats, Sickle,
Styli, Rushall, 228. Mussel,
Oyster, & Periwinkles, Rushall,
229. Pavement, tessellated,
materials used in N. Wilts, 360 ;
at Avebury, 3860. Pewter
Salvers, Rushall & Manton,
OAT Pottery, Avebury,
360; Rushall, 228; Winter-
bourne Monkton, 247. See also
Bowood. Querns, Rushall,
228. Roads, Conholt, method
of construction, 2380. Stone
Altar, Rushall, 228; Capital,
Rushall, 228. Stone Sculp-
tured Figure, tockenhamChurch,
297. Stone Roof Tiles,
material of, 360. Villas and
Buildings, Ham, 71. See also
Avebury ‘Truslowe, Bowood.
Villages on Upavon and
Rushall Downs excavated
by Lt.-Col. Hawley, 227—
230 ; none survived the Saxon
Conquest, 394; Pits in, as rain
water drains, Rushall, 230.
Rood Ashton, 25. Lodge and
House, illusts., 519. Farm-
ing experiments, &c., 518.
Library, sale, 129. Meet of
Hounds, illust., 411, 412.
War Memorial and visit of Ld.
French, 98, 411.
Rooke, Mr., 75.
_ Ropemaking, 257.
| Rose, species, 151, 152, 155.
John, founds Grammar
School at Amesbury, 253, 615 ;
notes on life of, and picture
presenting pineapple to Ch. IL,
e224 208;
_ Rosebush (Pemb.), 330.
Ross on Wye, 86.
Ross, Canon A. G. G., writings,
408,
Rotherley, Bone Spindle Whorls,
489. Human burials in pits,
490. Tron Sickle, 482.
Pits, 472.
| Roundway Hill, Antiquities from,
599; Barrow, 59; Colours pre-
sented to Volunteers, 1799, 100 ;
VOL. XLII—NO. CXLI.
683
Farm, 63 ; Oliver’s Camp, illust.,
618; Roman Bronze Awl, 599,
600; “Snobs Horse,” cut by
shoemakers, 523. “ New
Park and the Sutton Family,”
by E. Kite, noticed, 99, 100;
‘“Bascombe,” “‘ Parklands Hill,”
‘“‘Surbatt’s ” charity land, 100 ;
“Harlier Hist. of,” art. noticed,
100. Houses, Old and New,
Art. on, noticed, 121; New
House built: by J. Wyatt for J.
Sutton, 99, 100, 104, 121; Stair-
case of old house, 121. Park
enclosed in 12th cent., 100.
St. Mary’s Church land, 100, 102.
Servant drowns himself,
104,
Rouse of Heywood, Family Hist.,
106.
Rowde, 508. Dunkirk, 2388.
Feast, rhyme, 391.
Old Road, 131, 597.
Rowden, Mr., 227.
Rowdefield Farm, 507.
Rowdeford House, Old Bath Rd.,
131. Locke family, 99.
Rowley (Farleigh Hungerford),
illust., 417. Site of destroyed
Church and Village, 396.
Royal Scots Regt., 608.
Royston, Anne, w. of John, Brief
for, 557.
Ruddle, Geo., 420.
Rudloe Ridgeway, 95.
Rugby School, 383.
Rumex, species, 161."
Rumsey House (Calne),
family, 82.
Rundell, John, 219.
Ruse family, 556.
Rushall Church, 1859, notes
on by Sir 8S. Glynne, 285.
Parsonage illust., 418.
Romano-British Village ex-
cavated by Col. Hawley,
227—229 ; altar, 228; carving
of face in chalk, 228 ; Coins, 227,
228; Fields, rectangular, of
Roman date, 227; Mineral Coal
used, 229; Pewter Salver, 227;
Pit full of animal bones, 228;
Pre-Roman Dwelling Pit, 229;
Soak Pit, 230; Pottery, 227, 228,
Stratton, Alfred, 272.
Summerway, 94.
Rushmore Park, Pits, 472.
»
do D
Angell
684
S. Lodge Camp, age of, Bronze
or Early Iron? 512; Razor, 512.
Russian Railways built, 508.
Russula, species, 551, 552.
Rybury Camp, 118.
Saccomb Park (Herts), 583.
Sacheverell, Hen., 264.
Timothy, ejected, 264.
Sackville, Rich., 3rd E. of Dorset,
622.
Sackville-West, V., writings, 622,
623.
Sadler, Capt. James, gift, 40, 133.
Sadler, John, 41, 223; Gifts, 273,
355; Aldbourne Manor,
Chase, and Warren, 576—
587; Widhill Manor and
Chapel, 11—17. Will.,
577.
Saffron Walden, 242.
Sagittaria, 163.
Sainsbury, Herbert, 99 ; Gift, 355.
Messrs., DAA,
St. Ann’s Hill (Tan Hill), 1799, 104.
St. David’s, Ld., port., 422.
St. Dunstan’s West (London), Brief
for fire, 559, 560.
St.Edith’s Marsh,Old Bath Rd.,131
St. George’s Cross, Ridgeway, 95.
St. George’s Mushroom, 544.
St. Giles in the Fields (Middx.),
558 ; Organist, 580.
St. Martin’s in Westminster, Brief «
for fire, 558
St. Mary’s Church (Dev.), 112.
St. Michael (Som.) Church, Brief
for repair, 557.
St. Maur (Seymour), Edw., s. of
Will., Earl of Hertford, monu-
ment in Collingbourne Ducis
Ch., 187. Ld. Ernest, obit.,
83 ; port, 421.
St. Oswald (Dev.), 106.
St Paul’s Cathedral,
612.
St. Paul’s Epistle, Earthwork at
Andoversford, Rom. Coins, 59.
Salcot, or Capon, Bishop, Tomb at
Salisbury, 613.
Salix, species, 151, 161.
Salmon, Hen. M., obit., 508.
Salisbury, 233, 244, 617.
Attwater family, 248.
Bishop’s Palace, 124, 288 ; James
Treasurer,
II. at, 620. “ Bowles”
Canonry, 613. Boy Bishop,
126. Butt’s Farm, 522.
*
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Canons of, 607; Build Resi-
dentiary Houses, 124; Compul-
sory residence, 124; Pay Vicars
Choral, 124. Chancellors,
List of, 613. Chantor’s
residence, Westbury, 106.
Salisbury Cathedral, 97, 126, 130.
Arts. on, noticed, 123, 124,
268, 396. 1824, Sir Ss.
Glynne’s notes, 285—288 ;
“ Notes,” 2nd Edition, 625.
Campanile, 126. Colours
of Wilts Regt. and Militia, 263.
“Cope Money,” 124.
Cow bequeathed for Choristers’
use, 613. Enthronement of
Bp. Donaldson, 407. “ Fast-
ing Men,” Cadaver tombs, 612.
From the Air, illusts., 413,
AdlA,, Foundation, deed con-
cerning, 595 Glass repairs,
124. Illusts., 123, 418.
Injunctions of Q. Elizabeth, 595.
Tree of Jesse Gow, ser-
mon on, 625, Lady Chapel
niches, 287. Magna Charta,
626. Monument of Poore
family, 287; of Edw. W. Ten-
nant, 97. Organ given by
Geo. III., 286. Prebends of
Axford and Chisenbury and
Chute, 613. Prebendal
Estates separate till 1840, 124.
Screen, stone, for organ,
286. Spire built, 126; Re-
pairs to, appeal for, 124. Vane
removed, 124. Stalls, List
of, 134, Wyatt’s, 286.
Tombs of Bishops, MS. notes on,
595; of Chorister Bishop (?), 287 ;
of Precentor Thos. Bennet, illust.,
612, 6138; with date of death
antedated, 613. Transept,
East, Range of niches, 287.
Wyatt’s work, 403.
Salisbury Cloisters and Chap-
ter House, Sir S. Glynne’s
notes, 287, 288.
Cloisters, 126; Bp. Ridgeway’s
funeral, illust., 416.
Salisbury Church Cinema, illust.,
419, Cholera, 1849, 522.
Civil War, 126. Cor-
ner House, Canal, illust., 414.
Corporation and (Guilds, —
126. Council Chamber —
built by Ld. Radnor, 112,
et
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 685
Crane Bridge, illust., 418.
Deans non resident, method of
appointment, 124. ‘ From the
Meadows,” illust., 414.
Friary, inscribed stone found,
596, Funeral of Gen.
Harper, illust., 416. Godol-
phin School, illusts., 402.
Harnham Bridge, 126.
Hatcher’s School, 404. High
St. Gate, illust., 97. Housing
Scheme, illust., 414. In-
firmary as first built, illust., 521;
Founders and Benefactors,ports.,
521; “ Hist. of,” by C. Haskins,
noticed, 521, 522; Tea drinking
forbidden, 522; “ Walk,” the
first, 521. Tllusts., 415.
Laundry Fire, illust., 416.
Leadenhall in Close, built by
Elias de Dereham, 124, 613.
Mace stand sold, art. and illusts.
noticed, 125, 126, 414.
Market Cross, illust., 289, 418,
620, Market Place, illust.,
Me Marriage Licenses, 1668
—79, 124. “¢ Melchester ” of
Thos. Hardy, 397. Milford
Hill House, illust., 415.
Museum, Bronze Implements
unrecorded, 601, 602, jigs. ; Ed-
wards Coll., 75 ; Giant and Hob
Nob, 620; La Tene I. Brooch, 69;
Lectures, 125; New Buildings
and Fittings, Lecture Room, «&c.,
395, 396; Objects in, 70, 251;
_ An. Reports, noticed, 1921—23,
125, 395, 396. Wilkes’ Be-
quest and Coll.of China,125, 395.
99th Regt. raised, 263.
North Canonry Garden, 605.
Old George Inn, 398.
Pageant, Salisbury through the
Ages, illust., 414. Plague,
126, Prince of Wales’s Visit,
illust., 414. Public Library,
Lectures, 126. Recorders,
Bouverie family, 112. St.
Edmund’s Church, 82; Mace
_ Holder, 126; Sir S. Glynne’s
notes, 1824, 289; ‘Tower re-
built, 289. St. Martin’s
Church, 1824, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 289; Ringers,
87 St. Nicholas’ Hospital,
126, St. Thomas’ Church,
Glass, 288; Sir S. Glynne’s
notes, 1824, 288; Mural
Painting, ‘he Doom, 626.
Sheep Fair, 243. Site of
City, 261. Small Pox
deaths before Vaccination, 522,
Stage Coach, 1657, 386.
Training College, 397.
Victoria Nurses’ Home, 522.
Vine Inn, 521. War Me-
morial, illusts., 413, 414, 416.
Wardrobe House, illust.,
418, 620. White Hart Inn,
398, Windover House, 596.
Worthies, 126.
Salisbury (Conn., U.S.A.), 126.
Salisbury Plain, 130, 615.
Arts on, noticed, 398, 621.
Boundary Dykes, age and object
of, 393. Celtic and Saxon
Villages, Map of, noticed, 616.
Derelict Camps, illusts., 412.
Never Glaciated, 334.
“Recollections of Village Life,”
noticed, 622.
Salisbury, Bishop of, 115.
Enthronement of, 134.
Property at Marston Meysey, 13.
“Salisbury & Wiltshire Herald,”
232. “ & Winchester
Journal,” 232, 324. “ Dio-
cesan Gazette,’ Hist. of, 324,
“Salisbury Postman,”
440,
Salmon, Will., buys and_ sells
Southbroom, 102, 103.
es (Durnford) Farm, illusts.,
Al7.
Saltford (Som.), 84.
Salthrop, Ridgeway, 94.
Sambo, Black, murdered, 619.
Sambucus ebulus, 151, 157.
Sands nr. Calne, 28.
ue Church, Brief for Repair,
Oo/.
Sandwich, Earl of, 582.
Sandy Lane, 322. Bear Inn,
“ Sandy Lane Pudding,” 387.
Old Bath Road, course traced,
24, 131, 386, 597, 598.
Santon Downham (Suff.), Roman
Bronze Jug, 601.
Saponaria, species, 80, 154.
Sargus, species, 81.
Sarsen Stones in Down valleys,
illust., 611. In R. Avon at
Bulford described, 610. Mill
Stone (4%), 361, 426, Off the
3 D2
686 INDEX TO! VOL. XLAL.
Chalk, 358; at Christian Mal-
ford,:"37. On. Salisbury
Plain (%), 609. Rows and
lines of, 46; at E. Kennett, 364 ;
at Totterdown, 57. Size
and weight of, 51, 446.
Tabular, 609, 610. Worked
Stone in Langdean Circle, 366.
Working, method of, 609 ;
by stone mauls, 610. See
also Hanging Stone.
“Sarum Almanack and. Kalendar,
324.
Sarum, Old, Cathedral excavated,
97; illust., 418; Saxon & Norman
plan of, 40. Centre of
ancient tracks, 95. Exca-
vations, 1915, Report of, noticed,
le Roman Roads, 94, 95.
Sassoon, Sir Ralph, 253.
Saunders, David, “Shepherd of
Salisbury Plain,” art. on, noticed,
400.
Savernake Forest, 116, 620.
Birch Copse, Fungi, 543, 546,
548, 553; Lichens, 1,9; Plants,
160. Bitham Pond, Plants,
151, 153. Blood Hound
Trials, illust., 416. Bloxham
Copse, lichens, 2, 3, 4.
Braydon Oak, Fungi, 551.
Lichens, 1, 9. Plants, 159,
165. British Mycological
Soc. visits, 543. Column,
151; Plants, 153 ; Removed from
Hammersmith, 116; visited, 352.
Crab Tree Cottages, 7;
Fungi, 545, 549. Cricket
Club, 243. Derivation of
name, 165, 352. Eight
Walks, Lichens, 2, 3, 8.
Esturmy family, Rangers, 388.
Fallow and Roe Deer, 392.
Fungi, by C. P. Hurst, 543
—555; Edible, 255. Grand
Avenue, illust., 413 ; Fungi, 544,
545, 546, 553. tulley Copse,
Lichens, 2, 8. Hen. VIII.’s
Summer House, 4. Hippes-
combe Bailiwick, Perambulation,
262. Langfield Copse,
Lichens, 1. Lichens, 1, 6—
8, 428 —30. King’s Oak,
Lichens, 5, 10. Lodge,
burnt, 352 ; Fungi, 546, 549, 550 ;
Lichens, 6. Poaching, 1609,
403. London Ride, Lichens,
3, 8); Plants, 155, 161, 164); Sweet
Fern, 265. Map, 115.
Parley Bottom, Lichen, 4
Plants, 152, 154, 163. Red
Deer Park and Horse Park, 388.
Rhododendron Drive, -
Fungi, 5483—554; Lichens, 1, 2,
6—8; Plants, 154, 161, 164,
Round Copse, Fungi, 547, 550
St. Katherine’s Church,
152; Fungi, 547 ; Lichens, 2, 9 ;
Plants, 158. Site of Forest,
reason for, 261. Station,
Plants, 158. Thornhill
Pond, Lichens, 2. Totten-
ham Park, Plants, 151.
Wansdyke continued as hedge,
520; Course of through Forest,
353, 497, 498. Webb’s
Gully, Plants, 152.
Savory, Charles H., 317.
Sawers, Alex., 377.
Sawyer, David, 380.
Saxifraga, species, 156.
Saxon cultivation, Lynchets, 457.
“Land Charters of
Wilts,” by G. B. Grundy,
noticed, 425, 514—517;
Glossary of terms, 515.
Objects in Passmore Collection,
43, Spindle Whorl with
Cabalistic Signs, by Mrs.
Cunnington, 246, 247, fig.
Village sites and mode of
cultivation entirely new, 394;
on Salisbury Plain, site of, 617.
Work in Churches, Bur-
combe, 180.
Scanes, J., gift, 273; on Geology
of Mere, &c., noticed, 271;
Writings, 616, 621.
Scarisbrick, J. writings, 410.
Scarlet, Thos., Printer, 232, 233.
Schnebbelie, Jacob, 612.
Schomberg, “ Dugdale of Seend,”
noticed, 618; Bequest and gifts,
134, 355, 595, 599, 625; obit.,
with list of writings, 503—505.
Wiltshire Collectanea Gene-
alogica M.S. 599; Writings, 408. —
Joseph T., 503.
Schomberg, Dukes of, 408, 505.
Scotland Lodge, illust., 414.
Scott, Miss E. C., note, 78.”
E. P., note, 256. -R., Gift, 134.
Scipio Africanus, negro servant to
E. of Suffolk, 259.
a ee ae
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 687
Scratchbury Camp, 394. Air
Photo, 616.
Screens, Stone, Chirton, 277 ;
Corsham, 190; Heytesbury, 444 ;
Yatton Keynell, 306.
Screens, wood, see Woodwork.
“Scribbler,” in Cloth Trade, 222.
“ Scrigging ” Apples, 391.
Scrope tomb, Castle Combe, 182.
Scrophularia, species, 152, 159.
Scutellaria, species, 160.
Seager, Walt., 100.
Seagry, “The Chestnuts,” illust.;
415, 416.
Sebastopol, Wilts Regt. at, 263.
Siege, 608.
Sederbach, V. A. Designs terra
cotta statues, 385.
Sedgehill, MS. notes, 595.
ea emeor Battle, Wilts Militia at,
63.
Sedgwick, Joseph, 583.
Obadiah (I., IT.), 583, 584,
Sedum, species, 156,
Seeley, Eliz., 99.
Seend, 243, Church, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 289, 290;
Monumental Inscriptions,
printed, 505; ‘‘ The Stoks of,”
MS., 134, 504, Comma
Butterfly, 81. Dugdale
family, 503. Head, House
and Mill, illust., 618.
House, illust., 413. Tron
Ore from, at All Cannings and
Fyfield Bavant, 479, 512.
Locke family, 99,
family, 504,
Chapel, Hist. of, 130
a: iva of ‘Capt. W. F.,
Selby (Yorks.), 84.
Selman, Miss, 348.
Stokes
Wesleyan
| Sellwood, John (L., IL), 225, 226.
Mary, 226,
: Obed. Geo.,
pedigree, 225, 226.
226,
Sarah,
Selsey, erratic boulders, 337.
_Semington Church, Mon. Inscrip-
tions, 505. Kennels, illust.,
413, War Memorial, illust.,
412, Weavers’ Riots,
Littleton Mill burnt, 127.
|Semley Church, 1862, Sir
S. Glynne’s notes, 290.
MS. notes, 595,
Senecio, species, 117, 157.
Senior, Ff, writings, 130,
Senni (8. Wales), Geology, 327, 328.
Sergeanty, Gt. and Little, dis-
tinguished, 115.
Sergent family, 556.
Serpent worship at Avebury and
Carnac, 591.
Servaunte, alzas Ralfe family, land
at Bowood, 31.
Servington family hold Longford,
111
Sevenhampton, Ghost laid, 257.
Lichen, 429, Songs, 380.
Sevenna’s Street, Roman Road, 95,
Severn River fordable, 336,
Sewell, E. C., gift, 626.
Seymour family at Marlborough
Castle, 116, Charles, Ld. S.
of Trowbridge. burial, 220.
Edward (I,—IV.) 389; Sir
Edward. D. of Somerset, Life of,
389, 390; Monument at Maiden
Bradley, 206 ; Owned Slaughter-
ford, 617. Lt.-Col, Sir Ed.
Hamilton, D. of Somerset, 83,
501, Lady Eliz., 388.
Sir Francis, 540. tev. F.
CS SOl: Jane (Queen),
arms quartered with Hen. VIIT.’s
at his funeral, 389; lived at
Trowbridge, 411; marriage fes-
tivities at Wolfhall, 353, 388;
Marriage not at Wolfhall, 616.
Sir John, 388, 389; Brass
and Tomb at Gt. Bedwyn, 116,
fale Sir Roger, of Hache
Beauchamp, 388. Sir Thos.,
Ld. Seymour of Sudeley, 385,
389; Ld. Thos. builds house at
Marlborough, 383. Will.,
marries Lady Arabella Stuart,
390 ; Gift, 625.
Shaftesbury, 233, 271. Abbey,
A.S. Charters, 93. Property
in Wilts, 595.
Bpobeue connection with W.
Herbert, E. of Pembroke, 423.
Shalbourne, account of, noticed,
961. Baverstock’s Copse,
Plants, 161. Lichens, 6, 8.
Newtown, Fungi, 549, 550 ;
Lichens, 5; Plants, 152, 1577, 158,
161, 162, 164, 166. Plants,
151—154, 157—160, 164.
Rivar Firs, Lichens, 9; Plants,
158. Stream, Plants, 159,
163, 165.
688 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Sharington, Will., Career and in-
fluence on Architecture, 268;
Tomb at Lacock, illust., 268, 269;
Vice-Treasurer of Bristol Mint,
385.
Shaw (Melksham), Cricket Team,
ports., 420. Estate Map,
425, House, Smith family,
114, 621.
Shaw Farm (Overton), old map,
625. |
Shaw, Capt. W., port., 420.
Sheep, the old Wiltshire, existing
pictures described, 253.
‘““Sheermen,” in Cloth Trade, 222.
Implement used by, illust.,
624.
Sheerwater Lake,formation of, 271.
Sheet, 88.
Shelbourne, Earl of, 18, 20, 23, 25 ;
buys Bremhill, 28; Collections
of Books, Pictures, &c., sold, 33,
34; Letter ve Mr. Brown, 19;
Plants woods at Bowood, 27;
Sells property, 33; Statement of
his affairs, 33. Lady, 27.
Shepherd’s Shore, Bath Road, Old
course of, and Acts, 131, 386, 597.
Karthworks, Mound and
Ditch, Barrows, &c., 59, 60.
Road snowed up, 624.
Shepstone, H. J., art. on Stone-
henge, noticed, 91.
Sherborne School, 404.
Shercott, 403.
Shere (Surrey), Lichens, 2.
Sheriff’s Precepts for Wilts, MS.
Bk. of Sir J. Danvers described,
359.
Sheringham, Miss, 506.
Sherrington, MS. notes, 595.
Sherston, illust., 414.
Shickle, Rev. C. W., transcribes
registers, 398.
Ships, Flora, Kingfisher, Scourge,
Sultan, Tamar, ‘Teazer, 83;
Osiris, Padua, Peel Castle,
Soudan, Worcester, 242; South-
ampton, 1617, 123.
Shoddesdon Farm (Weyhill), La
Tene I. brooch, 69.
Shooters Hill, 242.
Shooters Plocks, 61.
Shoreweed, 151.
Shorncliffe, 377.
Shovell, Edw., 221.
Shrewsbury School, 404,
Shrewton, MS. notes, 595.
Shrike, Gt. Grey, 79.
Shrubland Park (Suff.), 398.
Shull, Thos., 357.
Shurnhold House (Melksham),
illust., 416.
Sidbury Hill in axis line of Stone-
henge, 266, 267.
Sidford, Mr., 250.
Sidmouth, 608, 623.
Sidmouth, Ld., see Addington, Hen.
Sidwell, S. H., port., 419.
Sieglingia, 164.
Sikh War, Wilts Regt., 263.
Silbury Hill, 58, 61, 349.
Bones found, 218. Built up
in horizontal layers, 2177.
Clay bands, 215. Cubic
contents, 216, Deer Horn
Picks, 216. Diameter, 215.
Excavations, 1922,
Report by Prof. Flinders
Petrie, 215—218 (plans),
O72) lllastist, Qi Excava-
tions. 1776, 104. Fair on
Palm Sunday described, 381, 382.
Flint flakes, 216, 218.
Flowering plants on, 215.
Fosse round base, wet, 217, 381 ;
Dimensions of, 216 Horse-
shoes found near, 425.
Illusts., 412. Necks con-
necting with Bath Road, 215, 217.
Plan, 380. Rom,
Brit. Pottery, 218. Sar-
sens set round base, 215—
ilwe Shelf round top, 216.
‘Straetford,” near, in A.S.
Charter, 516. Tunnel of
1849 re-examined, 216.
Turfed over when made, 218.
Unfinished (7) 217.
Silene, species, 154.
Silibum, species, 152.
Simpkins, Geo., note, 78.
Simpson, Frank, Charity bequest,
2738, 397. George, founds
“Wiltshire Gazette,” 501; Gift,
355. Mary, 501.
“Simpson’s SalisburyGazette,” 232,
Singer, J. R., 328.
Sisymbrium, species, 154.
Sison, species, 157.
Sittingbourne, Roman Bronze Jug,
601.
‘‘Six Hundred Pound Man” ex- —
plained, 220.
Will, 220, —
}
|
|
|
|
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
“ Skimmington,” 391.
Skipworth (Yorks), square tumuli,
60
Skokholm Island, 335.
Skomer Island, 335.
Skrine, Edw. H., obit., 87.
Hen. D., 87, 508. Osmund
P., obit., 508.
Skull, Adam, 221.
Skurray, E. C., gift, 355.
Slade, J. J., gifts, 135, 425, 626;
Wiltshire Newspapers Past
and Present, Part IV.,
Newspapers of N. Wilts.
The “Wiltshire Indepen-
dent,” 231-241: Ditto Part
V., “ North Wilts Herald,”
313—324. Joseph erects
Conigre Pump, Trowbridge, 129.
Sladen, Rev. C., gift, 355.
“Slan Feast,” ‘Slan Pudding,”
257.
Slatter, Jynyver, 12.
Slaughterford, Bones Human and
Animal from Cleft in Rocks,251,
272. Church, Bell from
Biddestone St. Peter, 258;
Illust., 413; Ruined and Re-
stored, 395. Manor Court,
last held, 617; Descent of, Lists
of Lords and Stewards, 617.
Notes by G. A. H. White,
noticed, 617. Paper Mills,
617. (Juaker Chapel, 617.
“Slaymaker” in Cloth Trade, ex-
plained, 222. :
eapviord (Lines) Church, screen,
Sling Bullets, Chalk and Pottery,
Fyfield, 484. Chalk burnt
Has 485, Natural Pebbles,
83.
_ Sloper, Geo., Day Book of, noticed,
103. James, hanged, 108.
M.XK., gift, 355. Marler, 103.
Robert, 102. Simon,
ae Thos., Brief for Relief,
558,
Slough (Berks), 16.
Slymbridge (Glos.) Church, 190.
| Small Pox, deaths at Salisbury be-
fore Vaccination, 522.
‘Smith, Rev. Alfred, and Rev. A. C.
| own Devizes Old Park, 393.
A. G., port., 419. A. Z., on
Lichens, 2, 8, 10, 427, 428.
Anth,, 223. Cicely, 582.
689
Eliz., 621. Hen, 586.
John, 222. Marg., 114.
Reginald A., 69, 251, 462, 481,
60]. Sidney, port., 420.
Sydney, 408. Thos., 114,
621; (M.P.), 621 ; Benefactor to
St. Edmund’s, Salisbury, 126.
Tom, ‘‘Notes on Potterne,”
noticed, 390—392. Will., 584.
Smith, alias Corier family, 222.
Standuppe, s. of Alex , 221.
Smith, alzas Singer, family, 222.
Smythe, Will., built roof of St.
Mary’s, Devizes, 195.
Snachenberg, Helena, 111.
Snailscomb (Oldbury), 61.
Snapp, see Aldbourne.
Snipe, absent, 1923, 256.
ing, 117.
Snow Bunting [Snow Blunts], 78.
Snowdon Glaciers, 335.
Snowstorm, 1776, account of,
noticed, 622.
Soane Museum, Drawings, 35.
Soap and Candle Making in Wilts,
257.
Sodbury, 399.
Soden or Suddene Park, Saver-
nake, 388.
Soldiers Ring Earthworks, 72.
Solidago, species, 157.
Somerford Ewyas, Derivation, 382.
Somerford, Great, Church,
1864, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
291; Dedication and Date of
Feast, 590. Manor House,
illust., 418. MS. Note Books,
Family Hist., &., 595.
Somerford Keynes Church,
1870, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
Nest-
290. Farm illust., 415.
Lichens, 428, 429. Songs,
380.
Somerford, Little, Church,
1864, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
291; Dedication and Date of
Feast, 590
Somerset, Duchess of, 253; Port.,
421; Writings, 501. Sarah
founds Froxfield Almshouses,
354. Horatia I. H., 83.
Somerset, Dukes of, list of noticed,
616; Carry Orb at Coronations,
501. Duke of, port, 421;
Rebuilds House at Mar)borough,
383, Algernon, 7th Duke,
617, Charles, 6th Duke, 617,
690 INDEX TO VOL, XLII.
Edward, Protector, port.,
424. John, 4th Duke, 288.
14th Duke, 838. Algernon
St. Maur, 15th Duke, obit., 501.
Somerville, Adm, B. T. on Date of
Stonehenge, noticed, 265, 266.
Somme River, 58.
Sopworth Church, 1864, Sir
S. Glynne’s notes, 291, 292.
Soudan, Making of Querns, 119.
Soul, John, “ Amesbury, Old and
New,” noticed, 615. Col-
lection, 424.
South African War, Wilts Regt.,
2638.
“South Wilts Church Mag,” Hist.
of, 824.
Southampton, 243. Stage
Coach, 1648, 386. South-
broom, 86. ‘‘ Bell Close”
Charity, 102.
Sir John Eyles, 102.
Brickly Lane diverted, 102.
Church (St. James), Colours
of Wilts Militia, 263; Illust.,
104; Wilts Regt. War Memorial,
illusts , 4138. Crammer
pond, illust , 104. Croft, or
Spitalcroft, site of Leper Hos-
pital, by E. Kite, noticed, 265.
Fair granted to, 265.
House and Bluett’s Court,
by E. Kite, noticed, 102, 103 ;
Destroyed in Civil War, 102;
illusts., 415. Nursteed,
Road diverted, 102.
Southey, Col. J. A., gifts, 183.
Southwark, Bp. H. W. Yeatman-
Biggs, 82. St. Saviour’s
College Sine made Cathedral,
8
Southwick Court Chapel, 616;
Moat, 616; Scene of story, 1380.
Cutteridge, 618. Peace Car-
nival. illust, 414. Witchpit
Wood, Baptists meeting, 618.
Bought by
Southwould,alzas Sowlbay (Suff.), -
Brief for fire, 559.
Sparganium, species, 163.
Speed, John, map, 419.
Speen Church, Pulpit from, at
Aldbourne, 566. Ermine
Street a modern name, 94.
“Speke Family Records,” noticed,
401. ‘Hugh, will of, 402.
Capt. J. H., death at Neston
described, 401,
Spencer, Edw., 130. KE. W.,
port., 420.
Spencer-Moulton’s Football Team,
411.
Spettisbury (Dors.), Bone Needles,
480.
Pelee Capt. & Lady Marg, ports.,
423. Capt. J. E. P. ., gift,
SOD, Mary, 220.
Spinze-Cunetio, Roman Rd.. 94.
Sphagnum, 160.
Sphinctrina, species, 2.
Spindle Whorls, All Cannings, 118.
Chalk and Pottery, Fyfield
Bavant, 486—489, jigs.
Spiranthes, species, 152, 161.
Spittal Farm, Infirmary of Stan-
ley Abbey, 31.
Springford, Jane, 226.
Springs higher in early days, 461.
Spye Park, Little Owls released,
256. Progress of Col Thorn-
ton to, 121.
“ Squailers,” 391.
Squire, J. C., writings, 375.
Stachys, species, 160.
“ Staerman” in Cloth Trade, 222.
Stafford, Hen., D. of eee
Tomb at Britford Cee
Stage Coaches, “ Flying Machines”
on Bath Road, 1667, 386.
Stage Wagons to Bristol, 1727, 387.
Staghounds, 1808, 121.
Stancomb, Will. & Mrs., ports, 420.
Standen (Chute) House, illusts.,
415, Manor, Plants, 152, 159.
Standen Hussey House, 110.
Standlake Pits, 459, 472.
Standlinch, MS. Notes, 595.
See also Dawkins family.
Stanhope, Anne, 389.
Stanier, Will. Hen., obit., 607.
Stanley, 322. Abbey, J. Lee
Osborn on, noticed, 114 ; granted
to Sir Ed. Bayntun, 30; Infirm-
ary at Spittall Farm, 31, 32
Field name “ Brittox,” 264.
Stanley, Geo., 620.
Stanton Fitzwarren, 16. Songs, —
380. Standing Stone exca- —
vated, 50, 358.
Stanton St. Benard S, Charters,
516. Barrow, 62. Bronze —
Palstaves, 602.
Stanton St. Quintin, Church and —
Rectory, alterations, 620. 4
Bill Jacques hung, 619,
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 691
MS. Parish Book, Notes, 620.
Rectory, panelling from
Purton Church, 620 ; Interments
in Garden, 620.
Stapleford, illust., 621.
Date of Wake, 590.
Starie, Mr., 238.
Stare, Jane, 226.
Starmer, Sir C., owns N. Wilts
papers, 318.
Starveall Farm (Botley), 157.
Staverton, War Memorial, illust.,
412,
plavordele Priory, Tiles from, 110,
Steen, Jan., painter, 400.
Steeple Ashton, 224. Church,
1859, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
292, 293; Lady Chapel, 441 ;
Palimpsest Brass, by Canon
E. P. Knubley, 438—441;
Gallery & Barrel Organ removed,
( Notts.)
4A0, Deed, 625. Settle-
ment, 1728, 224, 225. War
Memorial, illust., 412. War
Record, 260.
Steevins, Mary, 224
Steneosaurus, Swindon, 43.
Stephens, H. H., writings, 398.
John, 558, 559. Nath.,
539,
Stevens, Frank, 75, 334; Educa-
tional work, 395 ; Gifts, 135, 273,
626. Lectures at Salisbury,
125, 126, Thos., Bp. of
Barking, Life of, noticed, 403,
404, 425. Thos. Ogden, &
Harriet, 403.
Steventon ’ (Berks.), Priors own
Priory Manor, Westbury, 106.
Stiles, Ben. (M.P.), 28.
Still, Bp of Bath and Wells, 106.
Mary, 106.
“Stiper Stones,” 329.
Stirling, Hen. Alexander, Earl of,
100. Henry, Earl of, and
Mary, Countess of, own Old
Park, Devizes, 392.
Stock Gaylard (Dors.), Yeatman
property, 82.
Stockley (Heddington), bought by
Ld. Shelbourne, 28.
Stockton, A. S. Charter, 516.
Biggs Estate, 82. Earth-
works, Rom.-Brit. Village, min-
eral Coal, &c., T-shaped hypo-
causts, 229, 230. Brooch,
VOL. XLIT.—NO. CXLI.
33: Roman Road, line of,
94. House, sold, 82.
Long Hall, 83. MS. Notes,
595.
Stokes family, of Seend, 504.
Adrian, 505. Charles, 250.
John, pedigree, 504.
Stokke Common (Bedwyn), Fungi,
559, 554. Lichens, 1, 3.
Stokke, Sir Roger de, held Wolfhall,
388.
Stone, E. H., gifts, 134, 273, 355,
425, 626 ; on “ Age of Stonehenge
deduced from Archeological
Considerations,” noticed, 90;
Ditto, “*Deduced from Orien-
tation of Axis,” noticed, 88, 89,
520; “Method of Erecting
the Stones of Stonehenge,”
446—456, figs., 351.
“ Concerning the Four Stations ”’
(of Stonehenge), noticed, 267 ;
Notes on the Midsummer Sun-
rise, noticed, 91, 266; ‘‘The
Stones of Stonehenge,” noticed,
408. Wieden Wey eilitasoo:
Stone, 243. Balls, Mullers, or
Mauls, used to cut out obelisks
of Egypt, 253, 593, 594, 610; used
to make Querns, 118, 253; Note
by A. D. Passmore on Modern
Use in Sudan, noticed, 119;
Used at Stonehenge, 610;
mounted in handles (?), 494, 593,
594; numbersat All Cannings,118.
Celts polished, Erchfont
Hill, 272; Kermario (Brittany),
592. ‘¢ Holiths, their Origin
and Age,” by H. G. O. Kendall,
noticed, 120; Plateau Koliths of
Kent and Wilts really Palzeoliths,
120 ; Patina on, 120, Flints
on Hackpen, Age of, 270.
Hammerstones, pebbles, Fyfield,
479; Perforated, 248, 463, 477.
Implements given, 424.
Knife, Ebbesbourne, 249.
Paleoliths, Knowle, Liddington,
Martinsell, Milk Hill, Winter-
bourne Bassett, 120. Patina
as proof of Age, 270. Pot
Boilers, 514. Querns, Saddle,
method of making, in Sudan,
119, Scrapers, 133, 478.
‘‘Scraper-core Industries in
do 5
692
N. Wilts,” by H. G. O. Kendall,
noticed, 269, 270. “'Tran-
chets,”’ 62. Whetstones, 479.
Worked Flints, of Bronze
and Late Celtic Ages, 270.
With Ironmould stains, 270.
Stone Curlew, 133.
Stonehenge, Articles and Books
on, noticed, 268. E. Holmes
on,97. H.J.Shepstone on,91.
C. Schuchhardt on, 394.
E. H.Stone on, 134. “ Guide,”
1824, 611. “ Past & Present,”
by E. J. Burrow, 611, 612.
“Shadow Almanack, Dr. Ed-
dowe’s theory, 91. “ Temple
and Trading Centre,” by J. E.
Gurdon, 92, 93.
Stonehenge, Aerodrome, illust.,
412, Age of, by G. H. Engle-
heart, noticed, 88, 436; By T.
Rice Holmes, noticed, 266, 267 ;
By Adm. B. T. Somerville, no-
ticed, 265, 266; By E. H. Stone,
noticed, 88, 520; Deduced from
Archeological considerations, by
E. H. Stone, noticed, 90 ; From
Astronomical Calculations, 91,
266 ; From orientation of its
axis, by E. H. Stone, noticed,
88, 89, 425. Bronze Age, 92,
266 ; Arguments against, 90.
Neolithic, 90, 266, 406, 436, 520
Air Photos, 92, 419, 611.
Altar Stone onceupright,395,406;
Never upright, 609 ; nature and
place of origin, 327, 328.
Aubrey Holes, 97, 611 ; cremated
bones in, 92; Sites of a Blue
Stone Circle of Neolithic Age,
92, 609. Avenue, Branch to
W. Amesbury shown in Air
Photo, 405, 406, 611 ; Excavated
by 0. G. S. Crawford, 405, 406,
520; 521; Object of, 395, 405 ;
Stones which stood at Avenue
entrance, 610. Axis line pro-
longed to Grovely and Sid-
bury (2), 267. Barrows near,
their relation to Stonehenge,
609 ; E. H. Stone on, noticed,
90. “ Blue” or “ Foreign ”
Stones, The Source of, by
H. H. Thomas, 325- 344
(plates); Character and num-
ber of, plan, 325, 326; Com-
parison of Prescelly and
INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Stonehenge Stones, illusts., 326,
327, 332, 341—344 ; Fragments of
stones not now existing, 333;
From a Megalithic Circle at
Prescelly, 332, 339, 405 ; Legend
of their Irish origin has element
of truth, 339 ; Not Irish or West
of England, 330; Originally
Boulders, 486 ; Previous theories
as to Origin, 328—830; Transport
by Glacial action disproved, 834,
335, 340; By Land or Sea,
H. H. Thomas on, 334—
339 ; Question discussed, 328,
405, 406, 435, 436, 521, 611, 612.
Blue Stone Grooved, Pur-
pose of, 91. Blue Stone
Lintel, 609. Blue Stones of
Inner Circle and Horseshoe,
number of, 609. Blue Stones
found near Avebury and in
Bowl’s Barrow, 120, 431—437.
Bronze Stain, value as
evidence, 90, 436. Bucking-
ham, Duke of, Diggings, 1620,
611. Centre of Trade and
Flint Manufacture, 92, 93.
Circles, Blue Stone and Sarsen
contemporaneous, 266.
Cursus, a Race Course, 92, 395,
405. Deer Horn Picks, 612.
Ditch earlier than Circles,
91. Downs round, impor-
tance of preservation, 404. —
“ Kntasis” and “ Batter” of the
Uprights, 609. Entrance,
Right of Access Case, 1904, 405 ;
Free to neighbouring parishes,
404; Gate money, 1923, 611.
Erection of Stones,
Method of, E. H. Stone on,
446—456, jigs.; Earth Bank
and Ramp, 450, 451, 455, fig. ;
Lintels raised, 450—452, 455, 456,
jigs.; Number of men required,
450; Stones of Outer Circle
erected from outside, 447.
Excavations by Col. Hawley, 41.
Given to Nation by Sir C.
Chubb, 405. Hangars near,
derelict, 404. Hele Stone
and Slaughter Stone Remains of
Earlier Circle (2), 394; Hele
Stone not in line of axis, Sun
does not rise over it, 89, 91, 610;
Used for observation (?), 266,
267 ; One Face worked, 394.
POLE REN Sec EN: OE helen hla ls tet Renita» wena rag cist
| Storey, H. L., 624.
H
i
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 693
Holes for additional Circles of
Stones found, 1923, 347.
Human Sacrifices, 92.
Iilusts., 416, 615. Incised
mark, 134. Leaning Stone,
worked base, 610. Legend
of Merlin, basis of fact, 447; of
Stones brought from Kildare,
Tie Lichens from, 5, 427,
429, 430. Lintels, outer face
shaped to fit circle, 609.
Lockyer, Sir Norman, Astro-
nomical Theory, 89, 394, 609.
Map of Surroundings, illust.,
611. Mauls, or Mullers of
Stone, age and use of, 90;
Egyptian obelisks worked by,
253; Large Mauls hafted (?), 594 ;
Surfaces of Sarsens worked with
round balls, 610. Model of
S., at Trentham, illust., 416; by
Rev. H. N. Hutchinson, illust.,
414; Restoration Models, illusts.,
135, 416. Mounds within
Earth Circle, not Barrows, 91,
267, 394. Neolithic Circle
preceded present structure, 92.
Plan, MS., given, 273.
Prints of S., the earliest, 611.
Sepulchral Origin, 90; Like
a Disc Barrow, 395. Ser-
pent Worship temple, art.noticed,
520. Short Stone, Meaning
of, 609, Slaughter Stone,
hole in which it stood, 610; Line
of holes across corner, 394, 610;
Originally upright, 394, 610.
Stations, The Four, by E.
H. Stone, noticed, 90, 91, 267,
394, The Stones of 8., by
EK. H. Stone, noticed, 608—611;
Of Outer Circle, Height and
Weight of, 446, 449 ; Inside faces
worked (flat, 394, 448, 609;
Roughly shaped at Place of
Origin, 447. Sarsens from
near Avebury, 437. Sunk
Fence round suggested, 404, 405.
Sunrise at Midsummer, by
E. H. Stone, noticed, 91, 266;
What stage of Sunrise was ob-
served, 265, 266 Trilithon,
Great, Fall of, 395 ; Date of Fall,
611; Distance between uprights,
609 ; Illust., 412. Unfinished
(1), 520,
Mr., buys
Bradenstoke, 76.
Stote, Rev. A. W., Trowbridge
Parish Registers, 219—
226.
Stoudlegh, Johanna de, 37.
Stour, Kast and West (Dors.), 607.
Stourton Church Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 293, 294.
Search Farm, Geological
Section, 271.
*‘ Stouts,” Horse Flies, 81.
Stow Gardens, 18.
Stowell, 97.
Begwiord (S. Newton), derivation,
517.
Stradling family, 193.
Stratford-sub-Castle Church, 620.
Parsonage, Mill, Avonside
House, illusts., 417. Pitts
House (Vicarage), 404.
Stratford Toney, A. 8S. Charters,
boundaries altered, 515.
Church, 1872, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 294.
Ridgeway, 95.
Stratiomys, species, 81.
Stratton St. Margaret, 380.
Church, 1864, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, "294.
Stratton, Mr., 227. Mrs., gift,
355. Alfred, gift, 272.
Straw Plaiting in Wilts, 257.
Strawberry Hill Catalogue, 252.
Street, G. E., Architect, work by,
177, 306.
Stropharia, species, 547.
Stroudwater (Glos.), Cloth Trade,
538.
Stuart, LadyArabella,marriage,390.
Stubbings (Berks.), 87.
Studley [Stodlegh], 221, 322.
Ancient Highway, 94, Deri-
vation, 37, 38. Field Name
*“‘ Brittox,” derivation, 264.
Manor House [Studley Hunger-
ford], descent of, 29—32 ; Barn
only remains, 32.
Stukeley, Dr. W., MS. Common-
place Book bought, 40, 42. ;
Drawings unpublished, O G.S.
Crawford on, 43 ; Memoirs, 135 ;
Serpent worship, 591 On Stone-
henge Avenue, 405, 406.
Stumphousen, Adam,of Clack, 180.
Stype Wood, Fungi, 547.
Lichens, 2, 8, 9.
160, 162, 164,
Plants,
694 INDEX TO VO. XLII.
Sudweeks, W. R., gifts, 355, 626.
Suffolk, Henrietta, Countess of,
in “ Heart of Midlothian,” 260.
Marg. Countess of, ports.,
421, 422 Earls of 208, 258.
259; Chapel in Charlton Church,
183, 184; Ports., 102, 260.
Charles John, 9th Earl, 260.
Hen., 13th Earl, 260.
Sugar Hill, Square Camp and
Mounds, 60,
Suicide buried at Cross Roads, 104,
“ Summerways ” defined, 93.
Sumner, Heywood, excavates
Rockbourne (Hants), 230; gift,
273; Map of Ancient Sites in
New Forest, Cranborne Chase,
&e., noticed, 271; on Broad
Chalke Earthworks, 72, 73.
Rev. F. R. P. on Hullavington
Screen, 65.
Surgeons, Royal College of, Mu-
seum, Wilts objects, 462, 604.
Surrendal Manor, Fight in Civil
War, 619.
Suter, Eliz., 581.
Sutton Benger, 322. Church,
1864, Sir 5. Glynne’s notes,
295; J. Lee Osborn on, noticed,
114; Illusts., 115.
Sutton Mandeville, 598. A.S.
Charter, 516. Barrow opened
by R. C. Clay, 250. See also
Buxbury.
Sutton on Trent (Notts) Church,
Screen, 65.
Sutton Veny [Sutton Magna,
Fenny Sutton], 613. Old.
Manor House, illusts., 414, 417,
Old Rectory, art. on, noticed,
129. War Memorial, illust.,
412, 413.
Sutton Family and New Park
(Roundway), by E. Kite, noticed,
99, 100. Mrs., 100. Ann,
98. Eleanor, 100. Harry,
396. James (I., II.), 99, 104 ;
Builds Greystone Ho., Devizes,
98, 99; Builds New~ Park
(Roundway) House, 104, 121.
Mary, 99. Prince, 100; at
Greystone House, Devizes, 98,
99. Sarah, 226. Thos., 99
Willy, Trial for Murder, 99.
Swallet Gate (Christian Malford),
“ Rig Weye,” 94.
Swallowcliffe, A. S. Charter, 517.
Chowlden Lane, derivation,
Sie Down, Circular earth-
work, 519. House, illust., 415.
Saxon Boundaries, 598.
Swallows, White, 79.
Swanton, E. W., 548, 546, 547.
Swayne, Chancellor, his garden,
605. Will., Inscription in St.
Thos. Church, Salisbury, 288.
Sweetling, Grace, 221.
Swindon, 233, 429, 617. Air
Photos, 622. A. S. Charters,
93. Bath Terrace, 317.
Belgian Refugees, 261 Bronze
Age Pottery, 43. Canal,
derelict, illusts., 413. Ceno-
taph, illust., 622, Church,
Old, 1845, Sir S. Glynne’s
Notes, 295, 296. Devizes
Street, 317, Goddard Arms
Hotel, 48. Illust., 418.
Manor House,Old,84. Meet-
ing of Wilts Arch. Soc.,1922,
39—48, 347. Mechanics’
ietinute, illust., 622.
Museum, Geol. Collections, 42 ;
Objects in, 70, 251, 346.
Newspapers, Hist. of, 319.
Prisoners of War Fund, 261.
Ridgeway, 94. Rollestone
Estate, 84. Saurian Bones
from Kim. Clay, 43. Schools,
607. Victoria Hospital, illust.,
622, Visit of K.Geo. and Q. Mary,
622. “ War Record,” by W.
D. Bavin, noticed, 260, 261, 622 ;
Illusts., 260. Westlecott,
Romain remains, 43. Women’s
Work in War, 261. Wood
Street, 317. Works, G.W.R.,
in the War, illusts., 260 ; Plan
of, 622; Shops and Laundry,
622.
“Swindon Advertiser,” founded by
W. Morris, 313. Bought by
. Sir C. Starmer, 318..
Swords in Passmore Coll., 43.
Sydenham, St. Bartholomew’s, 82.
Taff River, “Blue Stones” em-
barked at (?), 612.
Tait, Canon, 518,
“Tait’s Magazine,” 232.
Taku Forts, Taking of, 608.
Talbot, -C. H., 109, 384). 38am
Writings, 268. John (L., II.),
oF Lacock, 31; John, of Charlton,
ARSE ohn, Monument to and
pene ae
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 695
work at Lacock, 269. John
Ivory, builds Gothic Hall at
Lacock, 385. Archdeacon
R. T., writings, 395, 408.
Col. Sherington, land at Bowood,
31. W. H. Fox, Photo-
graphic and Scientific | dis-
coveries, 385, 386; Port., 420.
Tally, Howard, 539.
Tame, Edw., 13.
Tan Hill Fair (St.Ann’s Hill, 1799),
104.
Tanner family, 556.
Tanswell, Mr., 621.
Tapp, Onesiphorus, 386. Dr.
W. M., 340; Gift, 500.
Tarrant Hinton (Dors.), 264.
Tasmanian Native, Bust sold, 346.
Tatum, John, port., 521.
Taunton, Marsh Warbler, 78.
Tawsmead Farm, A. S. Charter,
derivation, 515.
Tax on Burials of persons worth
£600, and on Bachelors and
Widows, 220.
Taylor, Messrs., Bell founders, 122.
Taylor (—) Water Poet, 386.
Alec, 84; Ports., 422, 423.
G. R.8., writings, 623. de
R., 426; Writings, 382.
John Watson, obit., 507.
S. Watson, 507. W., art.
on noticed, 398. Will. of
Horton, 102.
Teall, Sir Jethro, 325, 340; on
Origin of Stonehenge Blue
Stones, 329, 330, 333.
Teffont, 620.
Teffont Ewyas, A S.. Charter, 516.
Derivation, 382, 516.
Ley family, 107. Purbeck
Stone, 479.
Teffont Magna, A. 8S. Charter, 516.
Derivation, 516. Ms.
notes, 595.
| Tellisford (Som.), 243. Comma
Butterfly, 255.
| Temple (Ogbourne St. Andrew).
Sarsen Stone with ‘ Roman
Bath” cut in it, 45,116: Art. on,
noticed, 621.
| Temple, Nich., 223. Will, 225.
_Tenison, ‘Thos., Archbishop of
Canterbury, 440,
| Tennant, Edw. Wyndham, Monu-
ment in Cathedral, 97; Port.,
421, Sub.-Lieut. the Hon.
Christopher, port., 431.
Hon. Stephen, port., 421.
“Tenters,” see Cloth T'rade.
Terrell, Geo., ports.,420, 421, 423,
Testacella maugei, 402.
Teucrium, 160,
Texell, Battle of, 107.
Theale, 387.
Therioplectes, 81.
Thistleland, Fungi, 546.
Thomas, H. H., The Source of
the Foreign Stones of
Stonehenge, 325—344, /igs.,
435, 436 ; Writings, 405.
Thompson, Avery, 403.
Thorganby (Yorks.),
Tumuli, 60.
Thornicroft,J ohn,Centenarian, 220.
Thornton,Col., Progress from York-
shire to Spye Park, 121.
Mrs. James, 378.
Thorold, C., Note, 80.
Thrasher, J., 225.
“Through the Window, Padding-
ton to Penzance,” noticed, 615.
Thurman, Thos., benefaction, 104.
Thurnell, John, 223.
Thurot lands in Ireland, 263.
Thynne, Lady Emma, ports., 420,
421, Sir John, Steward of
“ Wolfhall,” 390. Lady
Mary, ports., 421—423.
Tidcombe, account of, noticed, 261.
Down, Fungi, 544.
Long Barrow opened, 262.
Plants, 162, 163.
Tidworth, North, account of, nos
ticed, 261.
Tiladames (Surname), 221.
Tilehurst (Berks.), 392.
Tiles, encaustic, Bradenstoke, 400 ;
Mere, Woodlands, 110; Passmore
collection, 43.
Tilshead, Manor Farm, illust., 417.
Tinder Box and Matches, 272.
Tinzan alias Alexander, Hen. &
Jacoba, 392.
Tipping, H. Avray, writings, 113,
268, 269.
Tisbury Church, 1861, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 296, 297;
Fall of Spire, 297. Gold
Bracelets, d&c., from, EKlectrotype
in Museum, 347, MS. notes,
595, Trackways, ancient,
95. See also Hatch.
Tithe Rent Charge, 606
Square
696 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Tiverton,, Brief for Fire, 557,
Tobacco.Pipes, old, found at War-
minster, 621.
Tockenham Church, 1856,
Sir S. Glynne’s notes, 297,
Tokens, Wiltshire, MS. Notes on
594.
Tollard Royal Chore 1871,
Sir S. Glynne’s Notes, 297.
Topenhays.or Tottenham Park,
388.
Torr Abbey (Dev.), 31. :
Tottenham, 620. House, acct.
of, noticed, 345 ; Esturmy Horn,
352, 388 ; Pictures of Old House,
352; Visited, 352. Lodge en-
larged, 390. Park Column
Ride, Plants, 166; Fungi, 543,
548; Lichens, 5; Plants, 151,
153, 155, 157, 159, 160 ; Poach-
ing, 1609, 403.
Totterdown, Celtic Village, Lyn-
chets and road, 56, 398.
Hollow Way, Lynches, Rows of
Sarsens, 56, 57.
Townley, Peggy, Witch, 257.
Towns in Wilts, sites at meeting
place of ancient tracks, 95.
Townsend, Eden and Mrs., ports.,
420,
Tower, Lieutenant of the, 608.
Towsey, Will., 582.
Treacher, Will. B., obit., 86.
Trenchard Family, Wills (N. Brad-
ley), 504.
“ Trendles,” 310.
Trentepohlia, species, 8.
Trevor, Thomas, 15.
15, 577, 578.
Tricholoma, species, 5438, 544, 553.
Trifolium, species, 155.
Triglochin, 163.
Trinkledown Copse, Plants, 159,
162.
Trois Rivieres, Battle, 263.
Troqueer, 112.
Trowbridge, 233, 241. Ashton
Mill, Air Photo, 413. Bisse
Charity deeds, 220. Brewers
and Public Houses, 1842, 127.
Certificate of Settlement,
225. Church (Parish) Chest,
219; 1848, Sir S. Glynne’s
notes, 298—300; ‘Tablet to
Wilts Regt., illust., 412; Church-
yard, Helliker’s Tomb, illust.,
413, 624; Restoration, cost of,
Sir Thos.,
298. Clergy in Registers,
219, 220. Cloth Trade,
Names of Workers, 222.
Coaches, List of, 1752, 387.
Comrades’ Church Parade, illust.,
Al4., Conigre, 129; Pump,
endowed,129. Constitutional
Féte, illust., 414. Cottage
Hospital, 129. County
Library, illust., All, ** Crow-
bridge,” in ayn el 617. Fire
Brigade, illust., 413. Foot-
ball Ground, illust., 413.
George Inn, 222, 224.
“Grange,” illust., 415.
House, 13th cent., 423 ; Panelled
Room, illust., 411. Liberal
Club, illust., 412. Masonic
Banquet, illust., 411.
Mounted Infantry trained, 518.
Newspapers, 321.
Nonconformist Chapels, Hist.
of, 618. Park extension,
illust., 413. Peace Celebra-
tions, “Gripping the Church,”
illust., 414. Rates, 1679,
Warrant to levy and list of
arrears, 223. Registers,
Parish, Notes by Rev.
_ W.A. Stote,219—226; Index
to, 222; Burial Entries, 220; of
Dissenters, 221; of St. James’
Church, printed, 219 ; Surnames,
curious, 221. School of
Cookery, art. noticed, 624.
Sewage Works, illust., 414.
Service Men entertained, illusts.,
All, 412. Sheermen’s Riots,
1802, 624. “Six Hundred
Pound Men,” 220. Sports,
illust., 412. Steam Lorry
in River, illust., 413. Tax
on Manservants, 1780, 396.
Upper Mill, 243. Usher’s
Fire Brigade, illust., 412.
Victoria Mill, 243. . War
Memorials, illusts., 412, 414.
“ Trowbridge Chronicle,” 232.
“Trowbridge and North Wilts
Advertiser,” 321.
“Trowbridge Gazette and Brad-
ford M iscellany,” 321, 322.
“ Trowbridge Times,” Hist. of, 321.
Troyte Bullock, Cicely, port., 222.
Truslowe, Rob., 102,
Tubaria, species, 546,
Tuck, Miss, M. C., 361
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 697
“ Tucker,” origin of name, 220.
“ Blynckinge,” 221. C.,
writings,218. Will., 222.
Tull, H., writings, 105.
Turberville, Payne de & Walt. de,
hold Ansty, 127, 128
Turley, 508.
Turner, G. C., gift, 426 ; Writes
382. J. M. W., Drawing of
Malmesbury, 250. John, 223.
Turnspit Wheel, Old George,
Lacock, illust., 623.
Turoldus holds Wolfhall, 388.
ule from Kim. Clay, Swindon,
3
Twine, C. E., port., 420.
Twyford Down (Hants), La Tene
I. Brooch, 69.
Tylee, John (I., II.), built Broad-
leas House, 112.
ey Lord & Lady, Letters,
Tyntesfield (Som.), 85.
Tyrone, Irish Rebel, 106.
Tyse family, 504.
Tytherleigh, C., gift , 355.
Tytherton, J. Lee Osborn on, no-
noticed, 114. Fast, “ Lambs
Acre,” 115; Moravian Settle-
ment, Chapel, School, &c., acct.,
of, and illusts., 115.
Uffeot, Ridgeway, 94. :
Uffington Camp, Sarsens in the
bank, 45; visited, 44.
8 Castle » ‘Mound below White
Horse, a Norman “ Motte ”(?),45.
Church, visited, 44.
White Horse, Ridge way, 93.
~ Ulex, species, 155.
Upavon, 620. Central Flying
_. School, illusts., 416. Funeral
of A. W. Beauchamp Proctor,
illust., 416. Church, 1859,
Sir S. Glynne’s Notes, 299,
300. Romano-British Vil-
lage, Cattle Enclosure, 230.
Sellwood family, 225. Water
Dean Bottom, Rom.-Brit. Vil-
lage, 227.
_ Uphan, 576. John Goddard,of,
| 579. Upper Upham House,
arts. on, noticed, 110, 111, 345;
Alterations and Additions, 11,
116; Before Restoration, illust.,
620 : Chimneypieces, ‘illusts.,
110, lll; Illusts., 110, Originally
timbered- framed, 110; Rebuilt by
Thos. Goddard,110 ; Visited,351.
Site of John of Gaunt’s
House, 111. See also Ald-
bourne.
Upper Ossory, Earl of, 27.
UWpton Lovel, Church, 1863,
Sir S. Glynne’s Notes, 300.
Site of Golden Barrow
identified,77. Snowy Owl, 79.
Upton Noble (Som.), Roman Road,
94.
Upton Scudamore, Cow Down,
Bronze Sword, 602, 603, figs.
Usher, T. C., port., 420.
Usula, species, 4.
Uzzle, Ewen, champion eater, 257.
Vaccoomb (Oldbury), 61.
Valeriana, species, 157.
Valley of Rocks, Lichens, 5, 427.
Vanlore, Sir Peter, 100. Buys
Devizes Castle, 392.
Vasterne Manor, descent of, 259.
Vaudreuil, Comte de, Joseph de
Rigaud, 27.
Vaughan, John, 219.
Venice, Casa d’oro, Marble Lions
at Iford, 113.
Verbena, 160.
Verlucio, Roman Rd., 94. See also
Wans.
Vernham Dean (Hants), 516.
Vernon, Caroline & Eliz., 27.
Vertue, Geo., painter, 424.
Verrucaria, species, 2, 8.
Vespa, species, 81.
Vicia, species, 155.
Victoria & Albert Museum, Wilts
objects, 362.
Victoria Nyanza, Saddle Querns,
methods of making, 119.
Vilett, Col., 84
Village Feast or Revel,byMrs.
Story Maskelyne, 588—
591.
Villiers, Ann, 38. Chr., Earl
of Anglesea, land at Bowood, 31,
38.
Viney, H., gift, 355
Viola, species, 152, 154.
Virgo, nr. Stonehenge, 602.
Visitation of Wilts, 1623, MS.
additions, 625.
Volucella, species, 81,
Volvaria, species, 555,
Waden (()ldbury), 61.
Waite, Sheffton, 223.
Wakes, all to be kept on Ist Sin.
698 INDEX TO VOL, XLII.
Oct., 589, 590. Ordered to be
suppressed, 1627, 589.
Wales, Prince of, Property at Ald-
bourne, 576.
Walker, Rev. F. G., notes, 77, 79.
Geo. and Henrietta M., 29.
H.S8., gift, 355. Io: Jalsg
119. Will., port., 420.
Walker Hungerford, Henrietta M.
A., 29.
Wallis, Dr. F.S., 361.
d. of Geo., 501.
Rowena,
Will., s. of
Thos., 221, Walpole, Horace,
252.
Walrond Arms, 111. Mr.,
Ranger of Aldbourne Chase, 584.
Edw. and Will., Monument
at Aldbourne, 566. Eliz., 110.
Walsh, Mrs., hospitality, 47.
Hen., 87. Rev. Hen. W.,
obit., 87.
Walter,Ann, Brief for Relief, 557,
558. Hubert, Archbishop,
125. Sir John, 578.
Walthamstow, 1.
Walton, Isaac, connection with
Wilts, 504.
Wanborough, A. S. Charter, De-
rivation and early spelling of
name,95,516. Church,1859,
Sir S. Glynne’s Notes, 301,
302; Visited, 45. Cole River,
A.S.name, 516. Covenham
Farm, 516. Ermine Street,
modern name of road,94. Half
Moon Plantation, 248. Lands
belonging to Aldbourne Manor,
576, 578, 581, 582. Manor,
MS. Survey, 1720, 595.
Moat Farm, Ermine Ho., Under-
down, Kitehill Farm, Pond Farm,
Lynch Farm, illusts., 418.
Roman Objects, Passmore Coll.,
43. Roman Rd., “ Brokene
Strate,” 94. Not the site of
Saxon battles, 95. Songs,
380. Sugar Hill, deriva-
tion,o16; Rectangular Earth-
work, A. D. Passmore on,
248—249. Tithe, En-
closure, &c., MS. Notes, 594.
Water Courses improved, illust.,
413.
Wanda, Will. de (Dean), 125.
Wans, House, course of Old Bath
ae 131. Site of Verlucio,
Wansborough, Harriet, 403.
Wansdyke, Age and Origin of, by
A. D.. Passmore, art. noticed,
519—520. Eastward End
of, by A. F. Major, 70—72.
Continued as Hedge or
Abbattis, in Forest, 499, 520.
Course near Marlborough,
Hoare’s account, 497.
Course in Somerset, Camps on
the line of, 44, 353. Course
beyond Savernake, A. F. Major
and H. C. Brentnall on, 353.
Derivation of name, 516.
Excavation Fund, 500.
Excavations on its line by
New Buildings, Marl-
borough, by A. F. Major,
497— 500, plan. New
Fragment discovered, 345.
At Old Shepherd’s Shore, 60.
Pitt-Rivers’ Section, 60.
Purpose of, 353.
Quadrangular Entrench-
ment, 500. Red Shore in
A.S. Charter, 515. Romano-
British date, 353. In West
Woods, 366.
Wanstead (Hssex) House, 260.
Wantage, 582.
Warble Fly, 81.
Ward family, 556. Mrs.
Atkinson (“Fay Inchfaun ”),
gift, 1384; Writings, 409, 423.
Harold R.,, 507. John, 506.
John Edw., obit., 506, 507,
Mary, port., 423. Ned,
386.
Wardour Castle, old, art, noticed,
122; illust., 413; Siege, 122.
Wooden Peg Tankard, 97.
Warminster, 233. Boreham
Farm, 368. Church, Old,
1837, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
302; MauduitChantry, 107.
Ex-Soldiers’ Mementoes, 411.
Football, illust., 411.
Greensand, Upper, transferred _
to Lower Chalk, 271; Fossils
from Maiden Bradley, 271.
Highbury, illust., 414.
Ld. Weymouth’s Grammar
School, 378. Manor held
by Ld. Mauduit, 107.
Market, illust., 413. Meeting
of Wilts Arch. Soc., 1920, 41, 89.
Middle Hill Saxon Lynchets, ©
a
INDEX TO: VOL. ail: 699
Air photo, 394, 616. Non-
conformist Chapels, Hist. of, 618,
Peace Fair, illust., 411.
St. Boniface College, 88.
Tobacco pipes, old, art.
noticed, 621. War Memorial,
illust., 412. ;
Warrington, Ld. Justice, port., 422.
Warwick, Earls of, held Cherhill,
30.
Wasborough, Will., 17.
Watchet (Som.), Brief for Relief,
560.
Wate family, 556.
Water level higher formerly, 72.
Water Voles, bones, Fyfield
Bavant, 461.
Waters & Rawlence, Messrs., 253.
Rob., 12.
Watson, Aaron, “The Story of
Lacock Abbey,” noticed, 384—
386. Rev. A. J., gift, 425 ;
Note on Fungi, 255. Joseph,
84; port., 421, 422,
Watson Taylor, Geo., buys South-
broom, 108. Simon, 400.
J., gift, 134.
Watten, Charles, 224.
Watts, H. and Mrs., ports., 420.
Thos. and Thos. T., 557.
Way, Thos., on Pottery, 518.
Wayland’s Smithy, visited, 45.
Waylen, G. S. A., 77; Gift, 355.
Hector, gift, 425. James,
425 ; Portrait of Carlyle, 423.
Weather, see Snow.
Weatherhead, Rev. A. W.S. “port,
| 420.
_ ‘Weavers printer ” in Cloth Trade,
| 222.
_ Weavers’ Riots, 1738 and 1802,
_. 1217, 616.
| Webb, Mrs., gift, 355. Francis,
i 223) James, 105, 408.
John acquires Longford, 111 ;
Architect, work at Marlborough,
383. Thos., 219, 224.
W. A., 324; Gifts, 355, 425;
‘* Karly years of Coaching on the
Bath Road,” noticed, 130, 131,
386, 387; Old Bath Road, Bow-
den Hill, &c., 597, 598; Tran-
scribes Register, 398 ; Writings,
130. Zorobabell, s. of
| Nath., 221.
Webbe family, 556.
| Wedhampton, 77.
VOL. XLII.—NO. CXLI,
Wedgwood, photographic discover-
ies, 386.
Weakly, Miss, 221.
“Weekly Journal or British Gaz-
etteer,” 324.
Weevern’s Paper Mill, Slaughter-
ford, 617.
“ Weg,” meaning of, 94.
Weight, Canon T. J., obit., 378
Welby, Desireé, port., 422.
Weldon, Bp., writings, 98.
Wells Cathedral, W. Front built
by Elias de Dereham, 125.
Wernham Farm, Wansdyke, 497.
Wernher, Lady, w. of Sir Julius,
379.
Wesley in Wilts, art. noticed, 130.
“Wessex, Wanderings in,” by E.
Holmes, noticed, 96, 97.
“Wessex White Horses, &c., on
G.W.R.,” by D. V. Levien,
noticed, 523.
West of England Union of Nat.
Hist Societies, 42.
West Woods (Overton), Barrow
Copse, 366. Chambered
Long Barrow opened, A. D.
Passmore on, 366, 367.
Wansdyke, 499.
West, Mrs., 226. John, 225,
226. Sir Thomas gives
land to Hospitallers, 128.
Westbury, 233, 378, 616.
Barton and Bournes’ Walk, 106.
Borough Seal given, 107.
Brook House, built, 106;
and Manor, descent of, 106, 107 ;
Held by John Phipps, 107 : The
‘* Park,” -106. Chalcote
Manor, descent of, 107.
Chantry Manor, 106.
Church, 1848, Sir S.
Glynne’s notes, 302—304;
Church, by Rev. H. C. Brooks,
arts. noticed, 106—109, 134;
Bells re-cast, 108, 122; Curfew,
or Angelus, still rung, 108; Brass
of Thos. Bennet, 613 ; Burial of
Eliz., w. of James Tvie, 108 ;
Paveley Chapel, 107; Plate,
1750, Inventory of, 107 ; Acorn
Cup, story of, 107 ; Pewter
Dishes and Flagons, 108; Tombs
and Mon. Inscriptions, NOG
Tower, room with fireplace above
bells, 108 ; Illust., 419.
Church House, site identified,
oF
700 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
108. Cinema and Co-op.
Festival, illusts., 412.
Field, Sheep, 616. Football,
- illust., 411. Great Crested
Grebes, 78, 256. Housing
Scheme, illust., 411. Labour
Demonstration, illust., 413.
Leigh Manor, descent of, 107 ;
War Memorial, illust., 412.
Ld. Abingdon Arms Inn (Lopes
Arms), 108. Loom Weight,
AS86. “ Lyesfield,” 616.
Mill Pond, 108. Non-
conformist Chapels, Hist. of,
618. Parsonage Farm, 106,
Priory Barn and Manor,
106. Sarsen in situ at [ron-
works, 358. Stone Coffins,
108. Stone and Iron Oreused
in EarlyIron Age, 461, 479.
War Memorial, illust., 412.
Weavers’ poverty, 103.
“ Westbridge” in novel, 617.
White Horse, illust., 615.
Westbury, Ld.Chancellor, portraits
found, 424.
“ Western Morning News,” 315.
Westlake, Rev. R. Z. A., gift, 355.
Weston Birt, 100.
Weston, Miss E., gift, 355.
Lt.-Col. R.S., gift, 355.
Westwood Mansion burnt by Suf-
fragettes, illust., 413.
Wexcombe, Long Barrow opened,
Neolithic Pottery, 262, 513.
Weymouth, see Melcombe Regis.
Whaley, Anne, 107.
Wharton, Anthony, ‘‘ The Man on
the Hill,” noticed, 617. Hen.,
547.
Wheat. Treticumdicoccum, ‘ Km-
mer.” Fyfield Bavant Pits, 498,
494, figd., 466.
Wheatear, Pied, 79.
Wheeler, Alfred, obit., 86.
Wheldon, J. A., 5.
Whetham, 24, 32. House,
illusts., 414, 415. Calne Rd.,
made, 22.
Whichchurch, Rob., 221.
Whitaker, W., gift, 134.
Whitby, 608.
Whitby, Dan, account of, 504.
White, Mr., 69. E. J., port.,
420. F. J., 500. G. A. H.,
122 ; gifts, 425, 626; Notes on
Slaughterford, noticed, 617;
Writings, 403, 626. John,
224.
White Hill (Oldbury), 61.
White Horse (Uffington), visited,
H. W. G. d’Almaine on, 44.
At Ham (formerly), Hist. of, 73.
White King, Sir Lucas, colln., 248.
White Street Hill, Ridgeway, 94,
95.
Whitehead, Arthur,buys Figsbury,
128 ; Gift, 355.
Whitehurst, John,work at Bowood,
26.
Whiteparish Church, 1824,
Sir S. Glynne’s notes, 304.
War Record, 260.
Whithaier (surname), 221.
Whiting family, 556.
Whittington (Salop), 506.
Whittlesea (Cambs), 29.
Wholebeard (Surname), 221
Whytehead, Rev. J., 605.
Wick, nr. Martinsell, 390,
Widhill Manor and Chapel.
By J. Sadler, 11—17.
Chapel, suit in the Court of Ex-
chequer, 11. Manor held by
Rob. Jenner, 13. Parsonage
House, 12. North Widhill
bought by Ld. Folkestone, 16,
if. Upper Widhill, Cross
Shaft, 361.
Wigan, 113.
Wilbury House, illust., 415.
Wilcot, illust., 419. Manor, 83.
West Stowell, 377.
Wippeshull, Gibbet of Prior of
Bradenstoke, 76.
Wildgoose (Surname), 221.
Wiles, Rev. J. P., writings, 409.
Wilke, Georg, on Avebury, 591.
Wilkes’ bequest to Salisbury Mu-
seum, 125.
Wilkins, Anthony, of Westbury,
sailed with Sir Walt. Raleigh,
art. noticed, 123. =~ Mboll., wise
woman, 258. Sam., owned
“ ‘Trowbridge Gazette,” 321.
Wilkinson, Lady Beatrix, port.,
423. Rev. Matt., Master of
Marlborough, 383.
Williams, Alfred, gifts, 135, 273;
note, 80; “Folk songs of the
Upper Thames,” noticed, 379,
380; “ Round about the Upper
Thames, noticed, 257,258; Wri-
tings, 135. Eliz., 581.
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 701
Jane, 581. John, 581, 582.
J. A.A., buys Bradenstoke,
76. Philip, 46 ; gifts, 355,
500. Peckham, will of, 581.
Sarah Anne, d. of Hen.,
99, Will., 576.
Willis, F. M., Dialect Translations,
noticed, 130; Gifts, 134, 273.
Dr. Thos., Birthplace at
Gt. Bedwyn, illust., 620.
Willmot, Sir John Eardley, 34.
Willoughby Hedge, Site of Ece-
bright’s Stone, 95.
Willoughby de Broke family, Hist.,
106. Ld., 84. Rob., Ld.,
builds Brooke House, 106.
Willow, hybrids, 151.
Wills, Sir Ernest, 350. Oba-
diah, 264.
Willy [Willey] family at Round-
way, 121. George (I. II.),
99, 100. Mary, 99.
Wilsford (Pewsey Vale), 227.
Ridgeway, 94.
Wilsford (S. Wilts) Manor, illust.,
416, 419.
Wilson, Geo., 22. Rev. H.,
573. John, 30, 31.
S. G., writings, noticed, 403.
Wilton, 605, 607, 620. Abbey,
A. S. Charters, 93, 517.
Boundaries altered, 517.
Church, new, built by Hon.
Sidney Herbert, 304; Old, Sir
S.Glynne’s notes, 304.
Commonplace book of Mayor,
cur. 1306, 367. Corporation
Archives examined, 367.
Grime’s Dyke in A. 8S. Charter,
517. House, Armour, Sale
Catalogues, noticed, 132, 133,399,
400; Illusts., 415, 419; Drawings
sold, art. on, noticed, 133 ; Gar-
den, Bridge, School, illust., 417 ;
Wyatt’s work, 403. Pem-
broke Arms Hotel, Early Horse-
shoes found, 424. Prince
of Wales’ visits, illust., 414.
Red House, 81. Roman Rd.,
course of, 94. Sheep Fair,
243, Site of Town, 261.
Yeomanry, inspected by
| .P. of Wales, illust., 416.
_ Wilton(Nr. Bedwyn) Brails, Fungi,
— 6438—553. Lichens, 2, 4, 5.
Plants, 151, 155, 156, 158—
161, 166.
Wilts and Berks Canal, 81.
“ Wilts and Gloucestershire Stand-
ard,” 237, 238.
Wilts Arch. Soc. Accounts, 1921—
1923, 136—139, 274—276, 526—
528. Magazine, cost of print-
ing, 346. Meeting at
Swindon, 1922, account of,
39—48; at Marlborough,
1923, account of, 34 5—354;
at Warminster, 1921, 41.
Members, List of, 1922, 140
—149; Numbers, 1860—1907,
345 ; Removal of Member, New
Rule, 349. Nat. Hist. Branch
suggested, 348. Reports,
1922-23, 39-41, 345—
348.
Wilts Batteries, R.F.A, in the
War, 260, 261. Books,
Pamphlets, and Articles,
noticed, 88—133, 257—
271, 379—406, 511—525,
608—624. Books by
Wiltshire Authors, noticed,
407—411. Bowls Cup,
illust., 412. Church Heral-
dry, 504, Comrades, illust.,
41 A, Cookery School, 378.
Dialect, 134. “ Wilt-
shire Essays,” by Maurice Hew-
lett noticed, 96, 135.
Football Association, 243.
“Genealogist,” extracts from,
504., Illustrations, 411
—419. ‘Wiltshire In-
dependent,’ Hist. of, 231
—241. Labouring Class,
of Neolithic descent, 96, 374.
Map, Kips, 504; Speed’s,
419. Men in India, illust.,
Al, Militia, “ Hist. of,”
noticed, 262, 263; Colours in
Salisbury Cathedral, 263.
Musical Festival Assoc., 378.
Newspapers, Past and
Present, by J. J. Slade and
Mrs. H. Richardson, Parts
IV. and V., 231—241, 31
—324. Obituary, 82—
88, 242—245, 374-379,
501— 511. Prisons, the
last days, arts., noticed, 506.
Quarter Sessions Records
and Reminiscences, art. noticed,
506. ‘“‘ Wiltshire Rant,” MS.
copy 594, “ Wiltshire
Sdn 2
HO? INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Regiment, Short History of, by
Lt.-Col. R.M.T.Gillson,” noticed,
262—264 ; at Halifax, 1815, 398 ;
In India, 261, 414; at Thiepval,
262, 416; at Trones Wood, 262;
“ Bells” still struck, origin of,
263 ; Chelsea Pensioners, illust.,
413, 420.; Col. Sir J. H. Dunne,
608; Colours in Salisbury Cath.,
Hist. of, 263; “ Duke of Edin-
burgh’s,” 263; Football, illust.,
513; Maltese Cross Badge, origin
of, 263; “I'he Nines,” and “ The
Moonraker,” papers, Hist. of,
324; Prisoners of War, 261;
“Springers, The,” origin of name,
263; War Memorials and Roll of
Honour, illusts., 412, 413.
Wilts, Somerset, and Dorset
Railway, plan of, 425.
Textile School, 244.
“Wiltshire ‘Times,’ founded,
240, 241, 321. Volunteers,
Hist. of, noticed, 263.
Yeomanry in Great War, 261;
in S. African War, 518 ; Officers’
uniform in Museum, 40, 133.
Wiltshire, F. & Mrs., ports., 420.
Wimborne, 377. Minster “Man
in the Wall,” 408.
Winbolt, 8. E., writings, 621.
Winchester Castle Hall built by
Elias de Dereham, 125.
Cathedral Cartulary, “Downton”
Charters, 515 ; Work of Bp. Will.
of Edingdon, 197. College,
Wiltshire Fellows & Scholars’
MS. List of, 625. Museum.
69.
Winchester, Agnes, Marchioness
of, 113.
Windham, Col., 222.
Windover, Will., Merchants’ mark
on Mantelpiece, 596; Portrait
discovered, 596.
Wingfield, Football, illust., 412.
Win Green, Ridgeway, 95.
Winkelbury, Early Iron Age Pits,
Flint Flakes, 472, 478.
Pottery, 475.
Winkton (Hants), 243.
Winsley, “ Land and Freshwater
Mollusca,” by D. Bacchus, no-
ticed, 402. Sanatorium, 402 ;
Illust., 412. War Memorial,
illust., 412. See also Conk-
well.
Winstanley Hall, Wigan, 614.
Winterbourne, Place Name, 58.
Winterbourne Bassett, 621.
Balmore Pond, 54. Church,
Sir S, Glynne’s notes, 304 ;
Tower, 443. Colias helice,
255. Koliths, 120. Glory
Ann, site of Stukeley’s Cham-
bered Barrow, 54; Old Chapel
Earthwork, site identified, 54.
Hackpen, 55, 62. Lam-
borne’s Ground, 58. “ Mil-
boro” Barrow, 55, 62.
Rabson Farm, 58. Whyr
Farm, Palceolith, 120. See
also Glory Ann ; Hackpen.
Winterbourne Monachorum, 580.
Winterbourne Monkton Barrow
excavated, Urn, 247. Comma
Butterfly, 81. Hackpen Barn,
55. “Mill Barrow,” Long
Barrow, site of, 54, 55.
Penning described, 55, 57.
Romano-Brit. Pot., 247. Sar-
sen covering interment removed,
55 ; Rows of Sarsens marking
limits of fields, 57. “‘ Shelv-
ing Stones” Long Barrow, site
Ole 045) oD) Stone circle,
formerly existing, 360. | Wind-
mill Hill and House, 62.
Winterbourne Stoke, Barrow,
Urn, 248. Bronze Dagger.
601. Illust., 621. MS,
Notes, 595.
Winterslow, 87. See also Roche
Court.
Wisdom, Mart & Co., 87.
Wise,Charles, Dew Pond Maker,73.
Wishford, Boundaries altered, 517.
Church restored, 605.
MS. Notes, 595.
Witchell, Anthony, 223.
Witches, at Highworth, &c., 257.
Bet Hyde of Blunsdon, 258.
With Crow as familiar, 258.
See also Folk Lore.
Witcombe, Uriah, 221.
Witheham (Sussex) Church, Brief
for Rebuilding, 557.
Wither, Anthony, 532, 534—542.
Withers, Rob. & Thos., 12.
Withthe [ Withey], Surname, 221.
Wittenham, Little (Berks), 13.
Wodnesbeorh, Two Battles of, site
at Wodens Barrow (Adam’s
Grave, Alton), 95.
q
INDEX TO VOL, XLII,
Wogan, Miss, of Potterne, 391.
Wolfhall [Wulfhall], 620.
Art. by J. Lee Osborn, noticed,
616. Barn, 115 ; In Ruins,
302, Derivation, 388.
East Sands, derivation,389.
Gardens, 388. House, old,
Fragment of in a modern Resi-
dence, 352, 388; Dilapidated,
390 ; Stained Glass from, in Gt.
Bedwyn Church, 116. King
Harry’s Walk & Summerhouse,
389. “ Taundry,” ‘Tudor
Building, 352, 388; Interior
modernised, 352. Manor,
descent of, 388. Marriage
of Hen. VIII. & Jane Seymour,
not celebrated here, 388, 616.
Plants, 160, 163. Road to
Bedwyn, old, 389. Visits of
Hen. VILII., described, 345.
Wilts Arch. Soc. at, 352.
“ Wolfhall Memories,” by W. M
Adams, noticed, 387—389.
Wolley Dod, Lt.-Col. on Roses,
152, 155, 156.
Wolsey, Cardinal, 613,
Wolverhampton, 607,
Wolverton Cave, Zeals, excavated
for building stone, 271.
Woman married in Shift at Chit-
terne, story unfounded, 76.
Womersley, H., 348.
Wovd, Mr., 194.
Woodborough Old. Church,
1859, Sir S.Glynne’s notes,
304. Manor House, 265.
Woodbridge (Suff.), 508.
Woodcock, 256 ; White var., 79.
Woodcutts, Bone Spindle Whorls,
489, Human Burials in Pits,
489, Iron Brooch, Cleat,
Shears, Sickle, 482, 483.
Pits, 272, 458.
Woodeaton (Oxon), Involuted
Brooch, 68.
_ Woodford, 417, 620. Church,
Sir S. Glynne’s notes, 304
—305, Court House, 13] ;
Ilust., 417. Fishing arts by
“Geo. Southcote,” noticed, 131,
Manor House, 607.
_ Woodford (Essex), 1
(North-
ants), 404.
~ Woodhill, illust., 412.
Woodlands, 510. See also
Mere ; Mildenhall.
703
Woodman, Hen., 73.
Woodminton Down, Ridgeway, 95.
Woodroffe, Ada B., d. of J. E.,
Suile
Woodwork in Churches, &c., Altar,
Caroline, Biddestone, 253.
Bench Ends and Seats, Britford,
177; Dauntsey, 193; Laving-
ton, West, 204; Ogbourne St.
George, 280 ; Purton, 283 ; Tis-
bury, 296. Chest, Gt. Bed-
wyn, 13th cent., described, 252,
353, 362. Door, St. Mary’s,
Devizes, 195. Fittings, Neo-
Gothic, Mildenhall, 218, 350.
Mural Tablets, Lacock, 269.
Seat, “Carrel,” or ‘' Chair of
Meditation,” Bishops Cannings,
172. Panelling, Chippenham,
186. Pews, High, Jacobean,
Charlton, 183 ; Ogbourne St.
George, 280. Pulpits, Jaco-
bean, &c., Aldbourne, 566;
Bishopstone (S. Wilts), Spanish
carving, 173; Chilmark, 185 ;
Codford St. Mary, 186; Crick-
lade St. Mary, 193; Lydiard
Millicent, 205; Minety, 213;
Odstock, 278; ‘Tisbury, 296;
Wilton, 304. Reading Pew,
Little Somerford, 291.
Rood Lofts, Avebury, 65, 169;
Mere, 211 ; ; Ogbourne St. George,
279, 280. Screens, Aldbourne,
563 ; Bedwyn, Great, 117, 171,
353 Brokenborough, 177 ; Bur-
bage, 179; Charlton (N. Wilts),
183 ; Corsham, 190; Dauntsey,
193 ; Hullavington, 64; Lyne-
ham, 206 ; Malmesbury. Abbey,
208 ; Mere, 211; Minety, 214;
Ogbourne St. George, 279, 280 :
Purton, 283; Somerford, Little,
291; Tisbury, 296 ; Westbury,
303 ; Wraxall, South, 306.
Screens with projections from
the Gallery, 66. Stalls,
Dauntsey, 193 ; Heytesbury, 445;
Mere, 211 ; Salisbury Cath., 286.
Tomb, Will. Longespee,
Salisbury Cath., 287.
Woodward, C. H., Printer, 346.
H. E., port, 420. John,
& Will., 225.
Woodyates, Iron Cleat, 483.
Wookey Hole, Bone Spindle
Whorls, 489.
704 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
Wool sent from Holt to Yorkshire,
619.
Woollen Trade in W. of England,
art. noticed, 103.
Woolwich, 242.
Wootton, Rich., owns Woodlands,
613.
Wootton Bassett, 233, 428.
Church, Sir S. Glynne’s
notes, 305; Central Arcade,
183. Election controlled by
J. Pitt, 398. Feast, date of,
588. Little Park, deeds,
273. Ridgeway, 94.
Site at centre of ancient tracks,
95. Smith, Thos., (M.P.)
621. Town Trust, 349.
See also Vasterne.
Wootton Rivers, Plants, 163.
Worcester, Bp. of, 82.
Worcester, Marquis & Marchioness
of, ports., 422.
“Word of the Earth,” by A.
Richardson, noticed, 618.
Wordsworth, Chancellor Chr.,
gifts, 134, 355 ; On Salisb. Cath.,
noticed, 123, 124: Writings, 134,
613. Bishop John, 88;
Work on Vulgate, 242.
Worf River is the Ray, 515, 517.
Worlebury (Som.) Pits, Bone
Spindle Whorls, 489. Bronze
Objects, 479. Flint Imple-
ments, 478. Human Re-
mains, 490. Rectangular
Pits, 458, 472. Sling Bullets,
483.
Worlidge, Thos., Painter, 622.
Worms Head (Glam.), Inhabited
Site, 134, 409.
Worthing, 409.
Worthy Down (Hants), La Tene I.
Interment, 495.
Worton Estate, Old Map, 625.
Feast, Rhyme, 391.
Wraxall, North, Church, Sir
S. Glynne’s notes, 305.
Wraxall, South, 623. Church,
Sir S. Glynne’s notes, 306.
Manor House, art., noticed,
129; [lusts., 412.
Wraxall, Upper, Cross Base, pro-
posed repair, 348, 349.
Wren, Chr., D.D., port., 620.
Sir Christopher, art. on, noticed,
620; ‘‘ Bicentenary of,” by C. H.
Reilly, noticed, 395; Birthplace,
illust., 416; Buildings by, illust.,
395; Bust by Ed. Pierce, 422 ;
Portraits, 395, 421,422, 620%
Relics of, 419. Bishop
Matt., port., 620.
Wright, Mr., cuts White Horse at
Ham, 73. Major F. G.,
port., 423. Harold, writings,
623. James and Sarah, 105.
Joseph, 264.
Wroughton, art. on, noticed, 408.
Church Dedication and
Feast, 590. Elcombe Hall,
illust., 418. Ellendune,
extent of and Site of Battle,
discussed, 95, 96. Fiddlers
Hill, 58. Jugginsbourne,
58. Wroughton Hall, illust.,
41d,
Wulfric, Charter to, 128.
Wulfger, 71.
Wulfhall, see Wolfhall.
Wyatt, James, architect, work, 100,
121, 403; at Salisbury Cath.,
286. T. H., work in Wilts,
36, 278.
Wycombe, High, Estate sold, 33.
House, work by Ld. Shel-
burne, 26.
Wycombe, Earl of, Ld. Fitzmaurice,
2nd Marquis of Lansdowne,
34.
Wy kehampton, Rob. presents Salis-
bury Deanery, 124. .
Wyld, Rev. E. G., 109.
Wylye, A. S. Charters, 517.
Pied Wheatear, 79.
Wylye Valley, 130. A. S.
Charters, 83. Ancient Track-
ways, 95. Otter Hounds,
illust., 416. Oxen used, 122.
Wymarca, Prioress of Lacock, 385.
Wyndham, Sir Ch., Earl of Egre-
mont, 617. Capt. Dick &
Mrs., ports. 421. Capt.
Geo., 617. Col. Guy, port.,
421, Mrs. Guy, 423.
H. P., Letters, 431, 437.
Joan, port., 423.
ports., 421, 422.
Percy, port., 423.
Wyre Forest (Worcs.), 81.
Wyvil, Bp., Brass in Salisbury
Cath., 287.
Xanthoria, species, 4, 429
Yate, James & John, of Upham,
102, 111.
Olivia,
A SRE A A i et me
Hon. Mrs.
ER gt a eat 6
INDEX TO
Yatesbury, 58, 322, 359. “ Hox-
bury,” “ Orbury,” field names,
59. Nolands Farm, 59.
Yatton Keynell, 180, 322.
Chapel at, 589. Church,
1867, Sir S. Glynne’s notes,
306. Revel, date of, 589.
Ridgeway, 95.
** Yeadelt ” (z.e., Edith), 221.
Yearscombe (Som.), 86.
Yeatman, Harry Farr, 82.
Yeatman Biggs, Bp. Huyshe W.,
obit., 82; Port., 421. —
Yeomanry, see under Wiltshire.
Yerbury, Walt. & Mrs. ports., 420.
END OF VOL
WO, Io. 705
Yews, Great, Ridgeway, 95.
Yfre (Anglo-Saxon), defined, 516.
You Coomb, 61.
Young, Mr., 70. Alan, port.,
420, N., 490. Will., 598.
Youngman, Rev. G. M.,, obit., 242.
Zannichellia, 163.
oat House, Great Fault (Geolog.),
Ql:
Zodion, 81.
Zouch family own Calstone, 28.
Sir John buys Ansty, 128.
Zulu War, Wilts Regt., 263.
Zutphen, Battle of, 106.
XLII.
C, H, Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes,
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS (Continued).
STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper 7s. 6d. This still remains one of the best and
most reliable accounts of Stonehenge and its Farthworks.
— WILTSHIRE—tThe TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
AUBREY, F.B.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
Canon J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates.
‘Price £2 10s.
WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES I, 8vo,
pp. vii. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. I., and ED. If. 8vo.
pp. xv. 505. In parts as issued, Price 13s.
_ pITroO. FROM THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo, pp. 402. In six
parts as issued. Price 13s.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY or tue GREAT STONE MONUMENTS oF
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE, anp AVEBURY, with other references,
: by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No. 89, Dec.,
1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books
papers, &c., by 732 authors,
THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. An important work in 2 vols., 8vo,
pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many
Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
members, £2.
BOOKBINDING.
Books carefully Bound to pattern.
Wilts Archzological Magazine bound to match previous volumes.
We have several back numbers to make up sets.
C. H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes,
THE fo |
North Wilts Museum and.
LIBRARY AT DEVIZES.
SSE SSS
In answer to the appeal made in 1905 annual subscriptions |
varying from £2 to 5s. to the amount of about £30 a year for this \
purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of
the Society and the fund thus set on foot has enabled tia |
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the Library ane |
Museum. |
It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at lee |
£50 a year in order that the General, Fund of the Society may —
be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum and
set free for the other purposes of the Society.
Subscriptions of 5s. a year, or upwards, are asked for, ‘ial
should be sent either to:-Mr. D. OwrEn, Bank Chambers, Devizes, |
or Rev. HE. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. Pe.
*
y
’
The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and otha |
to secure any ome |
Objects of Antiquity,
AND 2 5
Natural History Specimens,
found in the County of Wilts and to forward them to oh
Hon, Curator, Mr. B. H. CunnineTon, Devizes ;
Whilst Old Deeds, Modern Pamphlets, Articles,
Portraits, Illustrations from recent Magazines,
or Papers bearing in any way on the County,
and Sale Particulars of Wiltshire Properties,
as well as local Parish Magazines, ;
will be most gratefully received for the Library by the Re
Kk, H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, Hon. Librarian. Mei
C. He WOODWARD, MACHINE PRINTER, DEVIZES,
=~
—
fa5~ et
E =<
ee a eet ot ~
oe ~
et ot ee
B06 OO OE AED ENN EE tee Sa He ee oe eene
on oe ee en ee er ee ts77°s?
ope 2 rn eee wim ge Ie Pas T RS Re SH Tee Fee Ewe RT ent als wee
= o> ates ew Rene de we he Abate 2. go Km ie Hemp be #, de > oe Soe eee
Re OA WME Te na hse germ budeter Wars «he
OD POP ete NE Oe EOE HO OEE MSW ONT HY HH Bw
obey tebe epee
Spe ee oe em eters S. Pegeaan
Seren ieee Pe ee en
Pe FE OES ORME YEE CERNE OEE CHART EH FANE O® OH HD rw &
O08 ORANG LEA ES SE RE iy ele here Ss
J renee pe eel aPeetc®- sha neerecon jase cea
Pete LOPES HH OEE Meu mera Be & roeett: CeO Pe ASS De OCeeHeReh~ > roe
vehe
— eens babes fesey ye rse mete Sie.
“ +? SETS Es hawt eRe se lah we aoe
BORE 84 SE SOAS HE LORY RE HPO OEE E> D
POP eee wees Pe OP ee DOE eM OE OH &
“ere Sa @ sat Chae De tats an ShMe HUM eds Ge Sees CNET weNRe ss metas
4 eee or ee arth) Lael nk he a es De ah ed oe
ole
aetess Sete oe taqetn
38 SEee Srattesesagessatsetes tse
aye ae: Poth he ree oSOt Ble PEs bout wehbe ee
. SSRPESERE SSID COUT ONES EON D RSet ene hae >
we esita. ee Sea i te re, oe ee et eee er ae ee
He Se DART SPELAT Hi Slee Hor THeketeheteked ole es one besee wh «typos
LPS EOS OED FEE el or | or re POS CS Pe be BE Fe TOM ORer FS KO SHO w REM & Lies “>
*: geese lates sco: ates 2 See So Ferd Seeenir re-do a
Pe rine. ee ee ek et tet tere or re |
i? —- *e, eee + Sevoe Oe ek He .
Oe Sree eer sr a at ere lee pam eal gn
RES Ce OOS EERE EOS COSTE ESN G PEDO HME Sercek eters
Set ocr ad crebelete se: Stun ahetree Renee pe
Soke aber eet eter wkae re etee rhe wher opens
Pe pee ee ee te ear tt ee ee ee ee ee 2 ee od
FRSC OD He He Sees 64 HEHE HS
Sregeete cSpsteres
+4 ereanba bre satetahemrens s
Ce eee a ene seo Pee REALE EUERO SMES Pale Hage as BP . rie Ste :
Senet De ine 18am BS &
SPE th beh siek ahs to teak tees mee pears Os
7 :
" 16 Oo heer bon Or Me CLUE OER EE HORS TH SEAY Hoe Rhone Hee
Se ty ae Le BUR OMe Heke BkSs
FO eee EY CeO SORE SE © Sema H-
”
Relecttereta tere weer eoe tate tee eT,
ores anaes teeeeewe
rf Sete eke ot nae re en ee
ne 2 HREM S Fat ne
C69 weve he Dow
Se tere an ime #
. atts 54 -
Peeleceseserete rescore eesee
a ‘
ea Pe Se eh Skee pe bo
Pet See ee ee eee ee oe
2 Z Peeee eve
yd per tyr) Pe eeheewe
=a eee
vee eee wr
4 See
ee ee We aS i wee ee Sete Beg Pa anh
ee ee te ae ee eee SOOO eee Be >
OF eC NOM Oe FRED fF WHOSE EE OORT CHEM 8 Oe Fa Be ee OO od Ee Nee me tee
SF Oy OP ie OU BREE eRe Oe Re ee @ Pk OME ROE THO BE Sen fue
[etek +) ee ee ~~
open ment 12 SP Cee ee Sees ee Seb nees ae ne ao pes — oa ee :
Fekenn wie befese rene ot ate a Tee eat preoe ee >> ‘
ere tele ne rorbe et eter ec oor hete haere > oe he athe see.
ee ee ee ete «Fe SeleoPeervrOemeenw = Sens =
towne Gow elb ele & eee ed +N =
wee er ere eee Ropes iehelos cKhe ‘ 4. a
© eet eben wee * * woe « - - ~
Ser yo ese toiwsibews ~a - ;
terescsatete pies etehesecs ostsesess a - =
EF ELBer usb e Tener ekexeeuses Seo ae eS Sena we eran bee ; “2
phuspeetcrcte: yao eaoacrrtesesaceseaomrarernnénee ern Le eenos ey 3 : :
Late. «ed be Se PORTH EEWE OT OH OTE RES He deeeeenes rr ‘28 Pw 4 2 mt,
‘prabe etary Ob eo he ketene ekeresreetath seer ete shegreeedanee. k reap eter see eee ess
PAG e WATE Se ee CEMENT RAE ERE MHLW RO lar 2 OES He Saree Laoe- ~~ e - < see ~ “
SCPE BOs ee HOF OE SESE OFTHE HF HIS FY Oe CONE he Gee * - arabe . o oe - .
‘ saee 4 She peesane arene pesexe ese ma = od pe :
eRe eR Oe pre wy Sl Re en ne Re RBS eke Meme rene® es AES EF LOS >
COOKER EET AGE Eh) BREE CO e THE ORR Se) enw ee tere ee ee om @ .
SI SOeBERG CO Oe KEY Oe eo oe ee a ee ee 2 —<--*7 * - foe Ge eet °
Bee eee ee ters vescennnebe cole maceiee tts 0 cae pote nine se oe neers | > 4
- Bt Oe CSE REE Hee 8 SESPEPLO OH OH > AvRmeeee Bi Bid abe — wae Oe = -
ee ae ee ee on 5 ioaseoriweeesl aeee eshte A re eres oe pee
Ember bier aneenterysecese sieusee : “yrs ‘ <e cee -
PER te Pee wns ese l seg oss See ee ee ee ee a
FOE Oe aS ETS Te EP OSE ELED EK by og OL ODORS Tete eee raven oa Se hee 8 : =oryr) +
VESSEL REPL es een FON ORO TEN en ele BOR hey © where sed iderce wade e. sew mts [aac capa waetiwae ol @
OP ewe Ce Sec bw OPP EOROU ERS ERT RO OYE Eee Boe e q 7 oepamee oe
a: th ee oe ee ee 2 Ca oe _ . t
Peet tiered Vt tales teeter eer tt ty: : :
SbebcenOne = Gnvreperetanegese are a :
gees tevesesererer ssGcerr ese obs :
‘ SLUTS tele ada terse seer Hep
3 lee eae Nn eheke wie e be web e vee lee ; - > ste
en elere Resstivsseserespreteteceen. ccotccesaretescses > -
re SEESSOT DEORE Ee ETS UO 4 bee PeL SS OB pw OEY Tel OLeSeEelee ee: ores rm —a——
SES TOL eel ee pet ale sete « ES RB atnt ote webetaspewy ome > or a se ale mle
PAVERS bBo re he Sled Phe ce Sy SOBER PSR RESs Deseo bene seneae P Pores
Tae S pe eos Teens Latmenreee Br slerere pr pst cabo sebe ces 484 y2445 . :
Beet wheel coe ee Sep Wb Sh ese ab elepe la tel ebe Re nope eee seme : >
Se hele Shel er elas oF we we Bee BOER Em Foo Rh RO Bae ON Fee = oe 2 an
PoAS Ebel adh ehenhPe SSE: + lene oF On wT + heeh is Satees a P-
Cha doteRene mee. Emo eed ene Sherk >on seugeareess .
Tisi eran vee os Cmetedenudesestd shpat "
oe. Ba OE OP SSS He BO Om he TEP eN Nae ee ae ¢ alien
21 eG bee ceantke ee ee OHOe ae Oe COOP AEB EHAP SE aH : =
ath etec ela COEF FOLDERS WES AE COURSE R PSOE es — — =
ee hae wneren mt: 724 r
a g ae oe >
oe ele One eOl BS HORE OS eOeRe wt 208 Ps . .
Ree whe aces eaee Brake re pe ene : =
otegesi Perera Py e8osealScsoce - -
we ate S18 sien s Seatestecness -
Seenbece ee are ee Ce Sree sere ~ — a
Se 8 te See _ ene rT ee Oem Fe ~ -—? ~~
lt er re : -
eels sezesel et ex tins esa bem mre, tts . =
Rega 6 sOathelogecohe => Ele leehOnpa seecoes r a sore -
pee Ose bras + enh aebete Dace Nbaese re selenyee sae tesens P : oa
sped teuere Pe RsRe ne te sotnseke 2 popemes So _
ekerelycehe we: ler oe eebene sue waves se . ;
Peete pty) Cree eee ess See Dery fon wes Saneee- pee : 2
ets © sebsemeleetelesssese Betube. cas. : r
OR AS OF £ESEE HHO CE THe . fo
ovalecr ° ~
bi eer ews :
er ote hee ee) : -
he ried Eeperen -
: i etieatt 14 Some gone rt we
e Arti pcharsone hi sepee Loeb ec ele ape eeese tes en or
ee eoph Os Soe ane ve Tekwe sapien Sr bas < 4 Se
tS P4 fe = :
ve z
os my
2 +4
ef ae
rbd °> :
3 ie oer
* 3 oot omnes
M *
, = ° .
i :
4 -
i fF pid te nee DOR Woe Ge ied euivinwede 2 .
* Resch e ew eewene cl aweemvee ome Sosee, an 2 eee
. * pane oh v=
3 > Soy. = —_—
£3, fe i < oo
* a oe - OF OME BORO) Me me . » .
+d et fe 4 SetACe Ge SeOeBwanBeaeu cael kos hike Hare nw an
a8 ee . BOERS LEAS Gera eens eR Oy ann ee D wemr -< .
' gs & af SITTILAT TUTE et Ceri eer a ere te . z 7 .
vrs errs “a gre rod 8 Sey HES HERE Briere ° -- +”
sae . ee ot enwae > —~ . ts a
. 2 tee as Ceebeos: . : :
ac Es Rhee eae ERR Ne & oe : :
zs bi se3 bpp ree yt Peret efor tory ss "
PI afte tbe Sry rer eres ty ts en am -
gig ray es 33 foros sterenee . “ :
. a os Mivke pene ee Baebes s~ > ~ewote once J
eieec?e Tt Obes SOE S ROSS cecoweeuue a 2
° i a Oe SEE DEH ES (te CEO e He He Ow ere - - - " 4
af a Seace. ebheo beet’ Chee Catl mor. noe SE Ob He we EVEN ME we Se Mees DH ONES : — . a
fhrcee ke & Ces Shep ne Dasesearow secs Oe; ssi Lcenas ate sees ee areg: <> Ps
SP eS e623 boas he SO LEASE EES S HOURS 26 OUBEAPS SO Moe Sale Cares Ps " oan es -
Serbia se ORE 108 OF OB RRS RSE HRSG ge ON DOT 6 DOUG bbe Behe mer ene ee ny - _ ine -
seseres epi Peretti tlio Pes eee ei eet eters te et eee ttt Stee Leer fe se ao ie * .
® bLhiece Bet nbd ese Sree tec SOOT GND BLCERESE Seat aele nw teaesodecoscaprreee > > o ooo we
er oeaee EseS sees Lec eetetaizesecc er sesress socese2 Os Aaa epee we bb Se moms Pine —<—- +s
. ae CT Dh ee Cal anes —ev S6RuHoer ¢ Le Steere we eke emer ce Cet ~
e2aee BPR eee COE EN Em Oh DEAS Oe LOWS CERNE RS & OH OE Aw Fy UKE RENAN Ew Se ey saa = .
SPEAR OEE D aL SECC ERE SHR EEE Ho ae RCE NOOR OER ee Oe Dur WAT it Ee Ewe Ota whee
ate Pepeber eee lspetoa si Seek ae i ioe Reo t er oep eee hiecii les ecr ms ee 8 ve
Roel Ciel py. wna ees hohe eee EME EWTT MFLaNe Devs belinnekibesenraune Dene hoepae eee a8 .
Fe COEDS | O16 CeO SRY RESH SE MEME GE |) RUAORL EE GE CMe wee hee be ee RE eid oe oe
OOOO. OBE CEE SEMPLE CEE Or be POH O © ORR DED Ose HMO HON wig WANE Daebewe le Ne he Oe
‘TRROCKE RAT ERED) BEE GE H CHGe eee legen e
ee ee ee ee Ce ee ee ee
Celeb artarere, Rese es uwemee | (ost wAwlne we wade 2
Sere eee eee he Heese ree wee A Pees Se BOT LOR Re
Be eet we cease Se mH eewer Sodan & EEE OR HK KTH Rs Br Bowe renee)
BOW OO LOB SES Owe CRE Be mH OE Fw Fr QS & 86 86 ORO MODEM OF ET OUR OH OOF ORs Mone «
ee ts ts eee ee ee SEE OR ESOS Ow BOCs
We REE DORE a Bees en bee Oo 8 BOG Oe AE Ce LEME Re Oe Ane OME my ah bent mm ws
Obese RODE: SEO RASA OEE EEL EE. OPER OR wa PRE EON Oe Se Oe meme Ba he Ova hye WoOkw o~
SEE ee ROR REE CSO RENE EE ESS aT EVENS HE AMNS RER REPL HOS? HEME Rt AEBKEYEH
cle phone ss Se RAEN SEE ECE E CSL LR ET Se NOM EES Ha Oe w= MB ien oa Oe tm o- °
Pit eee te ee eee ee ea ee ee es ee eee eerie, to et re ee. i es “ot eae
Seereeey Tree reeset ht reset oe) Peet es ee eee TT te ret) ee oe ere | ee es errs
I Sper hind f+ eae: 2 Rae PUD RUE EO eee OES OS ewes a we pete wile Ben os Socereus
Sleee i Roee Mee rere iy eee pr Tee
USES He renee ene
Per ei rd pet Sie ee teers Pee Piet Te re ees 2
SNE Fe oem HE OE MS BY Hp. > Be OOH. HOE Ne Gr eras eee oe. &
oe
: Trt eee Pr ee re. re ee oe eee ee ee ee eer Pee re eer en eee en re ar te ee
Pee LEER PR eee ETERS ee OO EO Ae Mh NE LE Re BeBe Be Pele Roe Me OER ee ee me Oe SOP eae
PTS Pesala te hd Loh hee Oe eee) rer Pee re.) rr.) es eee 1) i ce eee eet ye
Ps ter a oo SER ween Ae Oe MEME ee Oe Car we nem — Bee eee man Seen
Se ieakaece VOCE ROMO ME Ree Bemn ae SNe eae ee eS
gb egers*s: tence Ce OO A wh ee a
or Beh te ce mane
ci. .-4
Perea rt eet a3r3 PO ROE FOOLS PEO HAR OO OL wee Ob BE OAR CER SMUDE DCm = OKO P a HEB Ga Rive + Gekwe- Che ol
© he eRe eS
ee
Seer e ss e 4 z
eet oe £3 Sse r5 Tree eee gece
i Spees: eae y
Ey er eeene = ¢. BAe BLOROH OF = val
oe fhiesetttatesesee tt silt td png pep eae
. ph Nhe de Rew seme = Oe we
gg Sestcetert
SoSeatses
Saomsees ieeesemes es es.
came oe one
Sieeeeres
£0O Deen wee we Bnet uuioe —
beeps De ORF 6H DO MOE ame REM ae
Be Uk we ar Pee ae te ten oe : . r
tae O88 OF RDS HM HE ERe OHS ~ i
Pty Tear ee errs eee Pere er ts 1) Tee? 1 ee - = i
oe ee ee PORE Oe OO 8 ORE OR ee OTK DO ~ 2 ¢
eek Be § Obert Bw eee RE ME RCM EE wee - - Me
SRA Ree FUER AL Oe Be 6. poe - a
rs eee ae ° °
feoseteirte hoe cosdewh o . *
edt see oe eer or es ae he . a
EES SSesres th eceeaswembenns = ee ae ve ”
ESE RE OO Kh 6e REO H Ee Be MOU Lh 4
OF PRE Ree ew HH ewe ie ee tee ae .
EO Ae ee) Ee RO coum HY » & =
ae Reeeb ened eens -_-
~« 1k selon eae —2 ae “
eae reasa shew oma be ane aot -<
Pa ee e OR ee Obese t em & Ones 64 ke RP RP Oe Ee Oe Ow _~_ mane
Tibag Pete eT Serre eer err rere yr tyr Tete Soenteann see ~
+4 ef ae 5 eRe Oe pews 606 08 ea PK USS Hee Bote Fee MEMS Beh we in ewe aos ~<' -
berate rp thine het iether SSS 7 ake ee -
be-ea br eerty pes OO 24 OO 68 OE SE © OF OE ORS OH BO BH BO He © OMENS OO DOME HOEY Be me BH Em Om mee - - -
ome Be< BOSSES Bue Ba or eH Ss SET Seer a Sh Se OF OLS S SEO RS! Aes Sons NE hn enRe 40 Sah iin Bo ee ome we Qeesm = -
are et) pttopeeet pets pte ee bie~ ppm phy of ot te dgosd wpb bey dt) -4d tee -pr-te yh. REA eS ee & We 6 ee eM —
PAE EOE BH OR Cow E EEE OO Re BHM ESEO® GE AO OEMS BOOT BEE Oe BOM Ow Ce ee ee -
+ SBE BOSSES NOLES 66 BOBS BED BE OE ET AOR 6 OD HORE EO RE OO me mee wt
5 SOR Ee 28 iB REREES Oe HF OF EE FER OE OS ROE ON OR BE BOO be HEM POE Res OE aR Oe ee wee ye *
; ae TES PES EUROS Be Se GL SE OE ALM O54 EBL ORD) Ha ~~ Owe —— -
< J SELENE 8 HO wn me POD O OE SO EN Oe Oe me RE EE EAE ERO oe EN ee ied o-
STS tate pete ee Tees Ab ere a ane Ba we fa ee f
CORR R6 08 MOOSE Hee Oe Oe Od ee ta ee Oa we OMe eee eee eee, - -
aa= > = ~—* : : ~<
7 aed Sete ae SSPE NESE R EO Ot OOS Ni en Sa RES Ee Ree ne Mae eM Oe Se ONE DEMS nas at woe ee . a“ .
Press 20s Na See ESET DT Oe we DER On Me Oy we My Ate wea = wr ee oan eee ‘ ——ve n= seen -¢
LS habe eo heb ep tbetae pepe Sateht ectr-ferth ied maha tieted Subeeaetaer emeectatin + arn + =<
+ ene pasar wet SSF EM eRrme we ee te een ee ee ee eee - = -
ede $eO. bea’ =e SO RE SHA GEOR Bho RY Mar Sm OE PL Ae ae ey Ce ene Bede Oe we One om we we ~ .
> ee oe a Sip aperediieash-h Mabie cumeben eddies ied thee action -tndiiaantaivet ed ented h-atbeneiea anata ieee -
-* oo ee oe ~ SOE en oR ewe ee =. i.
a Tee rt eos vey SG ee “ Some :
are | oes seme ood. a Oo er Oy OO he ob eS Oe :
3 - OO ei a Bn Ore oe Ome wee ee OH P -
eek ttt et = PaO Soy os Ce eee Oe ee Oe Ge ne ne ee ee eS
a. OPS BD eS ey me - are ee) ee ero 4 = bd I
aeas Se WE StAR Snel se HSA h He Lee mene cee te ah eee de olka ae meme me
~ =: oo ee Se OE AO Re bene OE He. ONE) DUT we ms ae tee ae ee -
- DS BOBDE SOO EOE OM FY BE BROE FH OBO EOE OEE BOO ER eS RE ON OO
eee es | a ee ween eee ow eee pane eeene eae ae ee 7
ee ee eee een Saeco MOP e Ow RE Se Dame we ate a -
re ee eee Oe OO Bw Ore Bee Be Oe te we ee -_-°- ~
ee OL es OW ee bee
eed bekedetns hdeben hd aeietepeended a
os
EOE ANE ORDER wh ne) haem ane» cums Bree ween he Oe eee
Lowe OEE OSOE Oe OE we eee Nee A ee NER A eee Lhe ae Ce ye ee
ae > So TESST RISD She eters ph aiet Shh et eens eet hertnasen inte ee
- PPS DPS DLO RED EE MOE FR SEAGER OO dee NE ee
Sette SES Siete tal Lhe stot petal ah cates eae te eel ae eee a
OPO APS G6 RON AERO OO FO a ee mm
eG CERES OES = 208es ate Oreos ea ns aoe wee a eeen eT we
oT ee a are
Sto eee) to hon te rere ee ee ee ns
-
Hise itis seestersertyssttes ON Oa ee Bw ma Hee pen 2. oe
zy Se SE Se ee pees me on en en ete
“—erer-. Se ee a” - >< -+a- _
+ PSST eee ee een seme oe ee Vata aes S >
SISA SS 1) ped debts he te ee a eae nee
LS — ===
oteee it Bes - Bene @ hee Oe A Oey Ot ee eae + Cee eee Oe OT ee :
Tt TT SS Pde te wee ae wat be ee ms on pen oe eee em ee ee :
SSPE ot ey ms ry ee eee
THRO moor h
tirgirrc: er ee
+ ee = ODS. Oo ww — ; - -
St See are ae >
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11